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Cong Y, Wang Y, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Ge J, Meng Q, Li Z, Sun S. Macrophages in aseptic loosening: Characteristics, functions, and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122057. [PMID: 36969165 PMCID: PMC10030580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) is the most common complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Both local inflammatory response and subsequent osteolysis around the prosthesis are the fundamental causes of disease pathology. As the earliest change of cell behavior, polarizations of macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of AL, including regulating inflammatory responses and related pathological bone remodeling. The direction of macrophage polarization is closely dependent on the microenvironment of the periprosthetic tissue. When the classically activated macrophages (M1) are characterized by the augmented ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines, the primary functions of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are related to inflammatory relief and tissue repair. Yet, both M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages are involved in the occurrence and development of AL, and a comprehensive understanding of polarized behaviors and inducing factors would help in identifying specific therapies. In recent years, studies have witnessed novel discoveries regarding the role of macrophages in AL pathology, the shifts between polarized phenotype during disease progression, as well as local mediators and signaling pathways responsible for regulations in macrophages and subsequent osteoclasts (OCs). In this review, we summarize recent progress on macrophage polarization and related mechanisms during the development of AL and discuss new findings and concepts in the context of existing work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Cong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Ge
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqing Li, ; Shui Sun,
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqing Li, ; Shui Sun,
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Xu P, Xu X, Fotina H, Fotina T. Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid from Taraxacum officinale on LTA-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells via the TLR2/NF-κB pathway. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282343. [PMID: 36947494 PMCID: PMC10032541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease caused by microbial infection. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), one of the major phenolic acids in Taraxacum officinale, has natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various cell types; however, the effects of CGA on Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) have not been investigated. In this study, the CGA content in T. officinale was determined by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BMECs were infected with LTA to induce the mastitis model. Different concentrations of CGA were administered after establishing the LTA infection. The results showed that the T. officinale contained CGA 1.36 mg/g. CGA significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, CGA downregulated the NO, TLR2, and NF-κB signaling pathways in LTA-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells. Our results indicate that CGA reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and TLR2 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathways in a dose-dependent manner. This finding suggests that CGA may be a potential agent for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanna Fotina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Fotina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
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Moran M, Nieto-Lopez F, Rueda-Carrasco J. Lipoteichoic acid and molecular weight of hyaluronic acid could explain the late inflammatory response trigger by hyaluronic acid fillers. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5610-5613. [PMID: 35839384 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronic acid is a safe dermal filler, but sometimes late granuloma is generated. This adverse effect is an inflammatory process, and its causes are not clear. Late granuloma generation could be due to the reaction to residual components of the bacterial wall present into hyaluronic acid, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Other possibility is hyaluronic acid degraded could be trigger this inflammatory reaction. OBJECTIVE Study possible molecular mechanism that could be implicated into the late granuloma formation. We wonder whereas inflammatory response activation is triggered by lower molecular weight hyaluronic acid or Gram-positive bacterial components as LTA. METHODS We analyzed one adverse case generated by hyaluronic acid injections. Our study with one nodule through chemical and immunofluorescence histologic technics. RESULTS In this case, observe a late granuloma without infectious process. Histological analysis shown few large Langerhans cells around fillers and multiple immunological cells infiltrated. Immunofluorescent study shown immunological cells (CD45 positives cells) with high TLR2 expression (hyaluronic acid and LTA receptor). LIMITATIONS The difficulty of obtaining biopsy samples of nodules implies that the number of cases analyzed is very low. CONCLUSION New model is proposed in which weight of hyaluronic acid and LTA could be able to trigger inflammation. This process could be mediated by TLR2 expressed in infiltrated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moran
- Medical Department Dorsia Clinics, Madrid, Spain
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Tricalcium phosphate particles promote pyroptotic death of calvaria osteocytes through the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling axis in amouse osteolysis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108699. [PMID: 35305384 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wear particles-induced inflammatory osteolysis, a major factor of aseptic loosening affects the long-term survival of orthopedic prostheses. Increasing observations have demonstrated that osteocytes, making up over 95% of all the bone cells, is involved in wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis, but its mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we embedded micro-sized tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles (30 mg) under the periosteum around the middle suture of the mouse calvaria to establish a calvarial osteolysis model and investigated the biological effects of the particles on calvaria osteocytes in vivo. Results showed that TCP particles induced pyroptosis and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in calvaria osteocytes, which was confirmed by obvious increases in empty lacunae, protein expressions of speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1 (Casp-1 p20) and cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and resulted in elevated ratios of Casp-1 p20/Casp-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β/pro-IL-1β. Simultaneously, TCP particles enhanced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-1β. Furthermore, the pyroptotic effect was reversed by the Casp-1 inhibitor VX765 or the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. In addition, TCP particles increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), whereas decreased the antioxidant enzyme nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) level, leading to oxidative stress in calvaria osteocytes; the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated these effects of pyroptotic death and the NLPR3 activation triggered by TCP particles. Collectively, our data suggested that TCP particles promote pyroptotic death of calvaria osteocytes through the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling axis, contributing to osteoclastogenesis and periprosthetic osteolysis.
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Goodman SB, Gibon E, Gallo J, Takagi M. Macrophage Polarization and the Osteoimmunology of Periprosthetic Osteolysis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:43-52. [PMID: 35133558 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Joint replacement has revolutionized the treatment of end-stage arthritis. We highlight the key role of macrophages in the innate immune system in helping to ensure that the prosthesis-host interface remains biologically robust. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoimmunology is of great interest to researchers investigating the fundamental biological and material aspects of joint replacement. Constant communication between cells of the monocyte/macrophage/osteoclast lineage and the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage determines whether a durable prosthesis-implant interface is obtained, or whether implant loosening occurs. Tissue and circulating monocytes/macrophages provide local surveillance of stimuli such as the presence of byproducts of wear and can quickly polarize to pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes to re-establish tissue homeostasis. When these mechanisms fail, periprosthetic osteolysis results in progressive bone loss and painful failure of mechanical fixation. Immune modulation of the periprosthetic microenvironment is a potential intervention to facilitate long-term durability of prosthetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Mayor-Lafuente J, González-Silvera D, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Acute inflammatory response in the skin of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) caused by carrageenin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:623-634. [PMID: 34656758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although inflammation is a well-characterized process in mammals, few studies have dealt with the mechanisms involved in this process in fish. The present study evaluated the expression of inflammation-related genes in the skin of fish injected with carrageenin, which has previously been used in inflammatory models in mammals. In our case, fish were injected subcutaneously with PBS (as control) or carrageenin (1%), and skin samples from the injection site were collected 1.5, 3 and 6 h post-injection. The gene expression of inflammatory markers (csfr1, mhc-ii and phox40), several pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, tnfa, il6, il8 and il18) and other molecules related (such as myd88 and c-rel) were up-regulated at 1.5 and 3 h in fish injected with carrageenin compared with control levels. By contrast, the gene expression of anti-inflammatory molecules (nlrx1, nlrc5 isoform 1, ctsd and ctss) was down-regulated in fish injected with carrageenin and sampled 3 h post injection, again compared to the gene expression in control fish. According to our results, carrageenin can be considered not only a good stimulator to study skin inflammation in gilthead seabream but also this method might be use to study the modulation of fish inflammatory process caused by internal or external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Mayor-Lafuente
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Silvera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Protective effects of sirtuin 3 on titanium particle-induced osteogenic inhibition by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3343-3357. [PMID: 33817415 PMCID: PMC8005659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) remains the key factor in implant failure and subsequent revision surgery and is mainly triggered by wear particles. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation is the most widespread incident affecting the interface of trabecular and loosening prostheses. Additionally, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by prosthetic particles. Sirtuin3, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase of mitochondria, regulates the function of mitochondria in diverse activities. However, whether SIRT3 can mitigate wear debris-induced osteolysis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhancing osteogenesis has not been previously reported. Therefore, we investigated the role of SIRT3 during the process of titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis. We revealed that upregulated SIRT3 dramatically attenuated Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition through suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and improvement of osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we found that SIRT3 interference in the process of Ti particle-induced osteolysis relied on the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings indicated that SIRT3 may serve as a rational new treatment against debris-induced PPO by deacetylase-dependent inflammasome attenuation. Effect of SIRT3 on rescued wear particles-induced osteogenic inhibition. Effect of SIRT3 on inhibited the activation of pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome. Effect of SIRT3 on mitigated periprosthetic osteolysis via GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling.
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Yu C, Zhang C, Kuang Z, Zheng Q. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activities in Bone Diseases and Vascular Calcification. Inflammation 2020; 44:434-449. [PMID: 33215255 PMCID: PMC7985100 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous stimulation of inflammation is harmful to tissues of an organism. Inflammatory mediators not only have an effect on metabolic and inflammatory bone diseases but also have an adverse effect on certain genetic and periodontal diseases associated with bone destruction. Inflammatory factors promote vascular calcification in various diseases. Vascular calcification is a pathological process similar to bone development, and vascular diseases play an important role in the loss of bone homeostasis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the natural immune system. It can recognize pathogen-related molecular patterns or host-derived dangerous signaling molecules, recruit, and activate the pro-inflammatory protease caspase-1. Activated caspase-1 cleaves the precursors of IL-1β and IL-18 to produce corresponding mature cytokines or recognizes and cleaves GSDMD to mediate cell pyroptosis. In this review, we discuss the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in bone diseases and vascular calcification caused by sterile or non-sterile inflammation and explore potential treatments to prevent bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Tumor necrosis factor primes and metal particles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human primary macrophages. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:347-357. [PMID: 32194260 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements is driven by a macrophage-mediated inflammatory reaction to implant-derived wear particles. Phagocytosis of implant debris has been suggested to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β. However, factors and molecular mechanisms driving the particle-induced inflammasome activation are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inflammasome response of human primary macrophages to titanium, chromium, and molybdenum particles in vitro. We observed that particles alone were not sufficient to induce IL-1β secretion, but an additional priming signal-such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-was required to license the inflammasome activation. By using specific inhibitors against the inflammasome signaling pathway, we demonstrate that the particle-induced IL-1β secretion depended upon activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We further hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) could substitute for LPS as a priming signal, and found that particle stimulation together with preceding TNF treatment resulted in inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production as well. Our results show that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates wear particle responses in human primary macrophages, and its activation does not necessarily require the presence of bacterial components, but can be induced under aseptic conditions by TNF priming. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of metal particle-induced IL-1β secretion in human primary macrophages. Production of this pro-inflammatory mediator from wear particle-activated macrophages has been associated with increased bone loss around total joint replacements-a condition eventually requiring revision surgery. Our results confirm that together with a co-stimulatory priming signal, particles of common implant metals elicit macrophage-mediated IL-1β secretion through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. We also present a concept of TNF priming in this context, demonstrating that the particle-related IL-1β secretion can take place in a truly sterile environment. Thus, inhibition of inflammasome signaling appears a means to prevent wear particle-induced inflammation and development of peri‑prosthetic osteolysis.
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Wu HM, Zhao CC, Xie QM, Xu J, Fei GH. TLR2-Melatonin Feedback Loop Regulates the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Murine Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32117301 PMCID: PMC7025476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is suggested to initiate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and considered to be involved in asthma. The findings that melatonin modulates TLRs-mediated immune responses, together with the suppressing effect of TLRs on endogenous melatonin synthesis, support the possibility that a feedback loop exists between TLRs system and endogenous melatonin synthesis. To determine whether TLR2-melatonin feedback loop exists in allergic airway disease and regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, wild-type (WT) and TLR2−/− mice were challenged with OVA to establish allergic airway disease model. Following OVA challenge, WT mice exhibited increased-expression of TLR2, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and marked airway inflammation, which were all effectively inhibited in the TLR2−/− mice, indicating that TLR2-NLRP3 mediated airway inflammation. Meanwhile, melatonin biosynthesis was reduced in OVA-challenged WT mice, while such reduction was notably rescued by TLR2 deficiency, suggesting that TLR2-NLRP3-mediated allergic airway inflammation was associated with decreased endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, addition of melatonin to OVA-challenged WT mice pronouncedly ameliorated airway inflammation, decreased TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, further implying that melatonin in turn inhibited airway inflammation via suppressing TLR2-NLRP3 signal. Most interestingly, although melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole significantly reduced the protein expressions of ASMT, AANAT and subsequent level of melatonin in OVA-challenged TLR2−/− mice, it exhibited null effect on leukocytes infiltration, Th2-cytokines production and NLRP3 activity. These results indicate that a TLR2-melatonin feedback loop regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity in allergic airway inflammation, and melatonin may be a promising therapeutic medicine for airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Wu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu-Meng Xie
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Goodman SB, Gallo J, Gibon E, Takagi M. Diagnosis and management of implant debris-associated inflammation. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:41-56. [PMID: 31810395 PMCID: PMC7254884 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1702024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Total joint replacement is one of the most common, safe, and efficacious operations in all of surgery. However, one major long-standing and unresolved issue is the adverse biological reaction to byproducts of wear from the bearing surfaces and modular articulations. These inflammatory reactions are mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems.Areas covered: We review the etiology and pathophysiology of implant debris-associated inflammation, the clinical presentation and detailed work-up of these cases, and the principles and outcomes of non-operative and operative management. Furthermore, we suggest future strategies for prevention and novel treatments of implant-related adverse biological reactions.Expert opinion: The generation of byproducts from joint replacements is inevitable, due to repetitive loading of the implants. A clear understanding of the relevant biological principles, clinical presentations, investigative measures and treatments for implant-associated inflammatory reactions and periprosthetic osteolysis will help identify and treat patients with this issue earlier and more effectively. Although progressive implant-associated osteolysis is currently a condition that is treated surgically, with further research, it is hoped that non-operative biological interventions could prolong the lifetime of joint replacements that are otherwise functional and still salvageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Zhao G, Chen Y, He Y, Chen F, Gong Y, Chen S, Xu Y, Su Y, Wang C, Wang J. Succinylated casein-coated peptide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an antibiotic against intestinal bacterial infection. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2440-2451. [PMID: 30939184 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance necessitates the discovery of novel bactericides. Human defensin (HD) peptides can eliminate resistant bacteria and are promising candidates for next-generation antibiotics. T7E21R-HD5 is a potent bactericide designed by site mutations at enteric HD5. To facilitate the development of T7E21R-HD5 into an intestinal antibiotic, we employed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as the peptide carrier. Despite its ineffectiveness at killing bacteria, the MSN intensified the outer membrane penetration and inner membrane permeabilization abilities of T7E21R-HD5 and thus enhanced its antibacterial action against multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli, which broadened the role of MSNs in drug delivery. For the reduction in T7E21R-HD5 losses in the stomach, we further modified MSN@T7E21R-HD5 with succinylated casein (SCN), a milk protein that can be specifically degraded by intestinal protease. SCN coating decreased T7E21R-HD5 release from the MSNs, especially in a highly acidic environment. The controlled release of MSN@T7E21R-HD5 from SCN encapsulation was confirmed in the presence of trypsin. MSN@T7E21R-HD5@SCN was nontoxic to host cells, and it was capable of inactivating MDR E. coli in vivo and alleviating intestinal inflammation by suppressing the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9. This study provides a peptide-based nanobiotic with efficacy to combat intestinal infection, especially against drug-resistant bacteria. The biocompatible and readily prepared MSN/SCN delivery system may benefit further intestinal antibiotic design and promote the drug transformation of additional enterogenic functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Qu J, Yuan Z, Wang G, Wang X, Li K. The selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 alleviates cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wear Particle-induced Priming of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Depends on Adherent Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns and Their Cognate Toll-like Receptors: An In Vitro Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018; 476:2442-2453. [PMID: 30427314 PMCID: PMC6259896 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic wear particles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to produce active interleukin 1β (IL1β). However, the NLRP3 inflammasome must be primed before it can be activated, and it is unknown whether wear particles induce priming. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are thought to mediate particle bioactivity. It remains controversial whether pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and/or alarmins are responsible for TLR activation by wear particles. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by wear particles depend on adherent PAMPs? (2) Does priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by wear particles depend on TLRs and TIRAP/Mal? (3) Does priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by wear particles depend on cognate TLRs? (4) Does activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by wear particles depend on adherent PAMPs? METHODS Immortalized murine macrophages were stimulated by as-received titanium particles with adherent bacterial debris, endotoxin-free titanium particles, or titanium particles with adherent ultrapure lipopolysaccharide. To study priming, NLRP3 and IL1β mRNA and IL1β protein levels were assessed in wild-type, TLR4, TLR2, and TIRAP/Mal macrophages. To study activation, IL1β protein secretion was assessed in wild-type macrophages preprimed with ultrapure lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS Compared with titanium particles with adherent bacterial debris, endotoxin-free titanium particles induced 86% less NLRP3 mRNA (0.05 ± 0.03 versus 0.35 ± 0.01 NLRP3/GAPDH, p < 0.001) and 91% less IL1β mRNA (0.02 ± 0.01 versus 0.22 ± 0.03 IL1β/GAPDH, p < 0.001). ProIL1β protein level was robustly increased in wild-type macrophages stimulated by particles with adherent PAMPs but was not detectably produced in macrophages stimulated by endotoxin-free particles. Adherence of ultrapure lipopolysaccharide to endotoxin-free particles reconstituted stimulation of NLRP3 and IL1β mRNA. Particles with adherent bacterial debris induced 79% less NLRP3 mRNA (0.09 ± 0.004 versus 0.43 ± 0.13 NLRP3/GAPDH, p < 0.001) and 40% less IL1β mRNA (0.09 ± 0.04 versus 0.15 ± 0.03 IL1β/GAPDH, p = 0.005) in TLR4 macrophages than in wild-type. Similarly, those particles induced 49% less NLRP3 mRNA (0.22 ± 0.10 versus 0.43 ± 0.13 NLRP3/GAPDH, p = 0.004) and 47% less IL1β mRNA (0.08 ± 0.02 versus 0.15 ± 0.03 IL1β/GAPDH, p = 0.012) in TIRAP/Mal macrophages than in wild-type. Particles with adherent ultrapure lipopolysaccharide induced 96% less NLRP3 mRNA (0.012 ± 0.001 versus 0.27 ± 0.05 NLRP3/GAPDH, p = 0.003) and 91% less IL1β mRNA (0.03 ± 0.01 versus 0.34 ± 0.07 IL1β/GAPDH, p < 0.001) expression in TLR4 macrophages than in wild-type. In contrast, those particles did not induce less NLRP3 and IL1β mRNA in TLR2 macrophages. IL1β protein secretion was equivalently induced by particles with adherent bacterial debris or by endotoxin-free particles in a time-dependent manner in wild-type macrophages. For example, particles with adherent bacterial debris induced 99% ± 2% of maximal IL1β secretion after 12 hours, whereas endotoxin-free particles induced 92% ± 11% (p > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS This cell culture study showed that adherent PAMPs are required for priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by wear particles and this process is dependent on their cognate TLRs and TIRAP/Mal. In contrast, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by titanium particles is not dependent on adherent PAMPs. Animal and implant retrieval studies are needed to determine whether wear particles have similar effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings, together with recent findings that aseptic loosening associates with polymorphisms in the TIRAP/Mal locus, support that adherent PAMPs may contribute to aseptic loosening in patients undergoing arthroplasty.
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Wang X, Zhang M, Jiang N, Zhang A. Sodium Phenylbutyrate Ameliorates Inflammatory Response Induced by Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid via Suppressing TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathways in MAC-T Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123056. [PMID: 30469547 PMCID: PMC6321250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated bovine mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells. Quantitative PCR was performed to examine the effect of SPB on inflammatory cytokines and host defense peptide (HDP) gene expression. Western blot wanalysis was used to detect the effect of SPB on the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. The results showed that SPB significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6; meanwhile, the markedly decreased expression of LTA-stimulated TLR2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, and the inhibited IkBα and p65 phosphorylation were also observed. However, increased TAP and Bac5 expression in LTA-stimulated MAC-T cells was further detected. In summary, these results suggest that SPB ameliorates the inflammatory response induced by S. aureus LTA via suppressing the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which indicates that SPB may be a potential agent for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Daqing 163319, China.
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16
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Berdugina OV, Berdugin KA. [Changes in laboratory parameters of peripheral blood reflect cell and protein content of the immune system in bone resorption]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 63:447-452. [PMID: 29080879 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176305447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes in the laboratory parameters of peripheral blood, reflecting cellular and protein composition of the immune system in bone resorption. The study involved 108 patients with degenerative-dystrophic and posttraumatic disorders of the hip joint before and after joint replacement surgery. Half of the cases resulted in bone resorption. Dynamic monitoring was performed up to 7.5 years. It included flow cytometry (Coulter Epics XL, USA) and enzyme immunoassay to determine the amount of immunocompetent cells, immunoglobulin class M, A, G, E, cytokines, acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin), parameters of neutrophil functional activity (lactoferrin cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, superoxide anion production). The results of the study revealed the leading role of haptoglobin, albumin, and IL-1b in bone resorption. The use of multiple regression analysis made it possible to propose criteria for prediction of bone resorption. In particular, the Ig G concentration one month after operation at a value of 13 or less g/l with a probability of 86.8% suggests a high risk of bone tissue destruction in the operated area of the joint (diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of 85.7% and 86.9%, respectively). Determination of the IL-1b level also has a good predictive power: its concentration exceeding 191.2 pg/ml six month after surgery with the probability of 87.4% suggests destruction of bone tissue in the operated area of the joint (diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of 87.2% and 88.1%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Berdugina
- Ural Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - K A Berdugin
- Chaklin Ural Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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17
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Barthes J, Ciftci S, Ponzio F, Knopf-Marques H, Pelyhe L, Gudima A, Kientzl I, Bognár E, Weszl M, Kzhyshkowska J, Vrana NE. Review: the potential impact of surface crystalline states of titanium for biomedical applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:423-437. [PMID: 28882077 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1363707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In many biomedical applications, titanium forms an interface with tissues, which is crucial to ensure its long-term stability and safety. In order to exert control over this process, titanium implants have been treated with various methods that induce physicochemical changes at nano and microscales. In the past 20 years, most of the studies have been conducted to see the effect of topographical and physicochemical changes of titanium surface after surface treatments on cells behavior and bacteria adhesion. In this review, we will first briefly present some of these surface treatments either chemical or physical and we explain the biological responses to titanium with a specific focus on adverse immune reactions. More recently, a new trend has emerged in titanium surface science with a focus on the crystalline phase of titanium dioxide and the associated biological responses. In these recent studies, rutile and anatase are the major two polymorphs used for biomedical applications. In the second part of this review, we consider this emerging topic of the control of the crystalline phase of titanium and discuss its potential biological impacts. More in-depth analysis of treatment-related surface crystalline changes can significantly improve the control over titanium/host tissue interface and can result in considerable decreases in implant-related complications, which is currently a big burden on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barthes
- a Fundamental Research Unit , Protip Medical , Strasbourg , France.,b INSERM, UMR-S 1121 , , "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie" , Strasbourg Cedex , France
| | - Sait Ciftci
- b INSERM, UMR-S 1121 , , "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie" , Strasbourg Cedex , France.,c Service ORL , Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Florian Ponzio
- b INSERM, UMR-S 1121 , , "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie" , Strasbourg Cedex , France.,d Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg , Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace (FMNA), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire , Strasbourg , France
| | - Helena Knopf-Marques
- b INSERM, UMR-S 1121 , , "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie" , Strasbourg Cedex , France.,d Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg , Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace (FMNA), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire , Strasbourg , France
| | - Liza Pelyhe
- e Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandru Gudima
- f Medical Faculty Mannheim , Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Imre Kientzl
- e Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eszter Bognár
- e Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary.,g MTA-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Miklós Weszl
- h Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- f Medical Faculty Mannheim , Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany.,i German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- a Fundamental Research Unit , Protip Medical , Strasbourg , France.,b INSERM, UMR-S 1121 , , "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie" , Strasbourg Cedex , France
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Takagi M, Takakubo Y, Pajarinen J, Naganuma Y, Oki H, Maruyama M, Goodman SB. Danger of frustrated sensors: Role of Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors in aseptic and septic inflammations around total hip replacements. J Orthop Translat 2017; 10:68-85. [PMID: 29130033 PMCID: PMC5676564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune sensors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), can recognize not only exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also endogenous molecules created upon tissue injury, sterile inflammation, and degeneration. Endogenous ligands are called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and include endogenous molecules released from activated and necrotic cells as well as damaged extracellular matrix. TLRs and NLRs can interact with various ligands derived from PAMPs and DAMPs, leading to activation and/or modulation of intracellular signalling pathways. Intensive research on the innate immune sensors, TLRs and NLRs, has brought new insights into the pathogenesis of not only various infectious and rheumatic diseases, but also aseptic foreign body granuloma and septic inflammation of failed total hip replacements (THRs). In this review, recent knowledge is summarized on the innate immune system, including TLRs and NLRs and their danger signals, with special reference to their possible role in the adverse local host response to THRs. Translational potential of this article: A clear understanding of the roles of Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors in aseptic and septic loosening of joint replacements will facilitate potential strategies to mitigate these events, thereby extending the longevity of implants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yasushi Naganuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Oki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL. Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2030-2039. [PMID: 28569732 DOI: 10.1172/jci93356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many causes of inflammatory osteolysis, but regardless of etiology and cellular contexts, the osteoclast is the bone-degrading cell. Thus, the impact of inflammatory cytokines on osteoclast formation and function was among the most important discoveries advancing the treatment of focal osteolysis, leading to development of therapeutic agents that either directly block the bone-resorptive cell or do so indirectly via cytokine arrest. Despite these advances, a substantial number of patients with inflammatory arthritis remain resistant to current therapies, and even effective anti-inflammatory drugs frequently do not repair damaged bone. Thus, insights into events such as those impacted by inflammasomes, which signal through cytokine-dependent and -independent mechanisms, are needed to optimize treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Zhao G, Jiang K, Wu H, Qiu C, Deng G, Peng X. Polydatin reduces Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid-induced injury by attenuating reactive oxygen species generation and TLR2-NFκB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2796-2808. [PMID: 28524642 PMCID: PMC5661256 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes severe inflammation in various infectious diseases, leading to high mortality. The clinical application of antibiotics has gained a significant curative effect. However, it has led to the emergence of various resistant bacteria. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effect of polydatin (PD), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, on S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. First, a significant improvement in the pathological conditions of PD in vivo was observed, suggesting that PD had a certain protective effect on LTA-induced injury in a mouse model. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect of PD, LTA-induced murine macrophages were used in this study. The results have shown that PD could reduce the NF-κB p65, and IκBα phosphorylation levels increased by LTA, resulting in a decrease in the transcription of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. However, LTA can not only activate NF-κB through the recognition of TLR2 but also increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby activating NF-κB signalling. We also detected high levels of ROS that activate caspases 9 and 3 to induce apoptosis. In addition, using a specific NF-κB inhibitor that could attenuate apoptosis, namely NF-κB p65, acted as a pro-apoptotic transcription factor in LTA-induced murine macrophages. However, PD could inhibit the generation of ROS and NF-κB p65 activation, suggesting that PD suppressed LTA-induced injury by attenuating ROS generation and TLR2-NFκB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Samelko L, Landgraeber S, McAllister K, Jacobs J, Hallab NJ. TLR4 (not TLR2) dominate cognate TLR activity associated with CoCrMo implant particles. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1007-1017. [PMID: 27416075 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune reactions to orthopedic implant debris are the primary cause of total joint replacement (TJR) failure over the long term (15-20 years). The role of pathogen associated pattern recognition receptors (i.e., TLRs) in regulating immune reactivity to metal implant particles remains controversial. Do different TLRs (i.e., TLR2 vs. TLR4) activated by their respective ligands in concert with metal implant debris elicit equivalent innate immune responses? In this investigation, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate that Gram-negative PAMPs are more pro-inflammatory than Gram-positive PAMPs. In vitro results indicated TLR4 activation in concert with CoCrMo orthopedic implant debris (CoCrMo/LPS+) challenged primary macrophages resulted in significantly greater inflammatory responses than CoCrMo/PAM3CSK+ (TLR2). Similarly, in vivo results indicated CoCrMo/LPS+ TLR4 challenge induced a twofold increase in inflammation-induced bone resorption (osteolysis) than CoCrMo/PAM3CSK+ (p < 0.01) or CoCrMo (p < 0.03) alone in an established murine calvaria model. This points to a more potent TLR4-based effect of CoCrMo/LPS+ on innate immune responses, that is, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and resulting osteolysis. Differential CoCrMo/LPS+ induced osteolysis compared to CoCrMo/PAM3CSK+, reveals inherent differences in TLR4 versus TLR2 activation which are relevant to (i) how different types of implant debris elicit differential reactivity, (ii) how TLR2 Gram-positive bacteria benefits from less immune activation possibly due to the down-regulation of TLR2 surface expression, that subsequently impacts Gram-positive infections in TJRs, and (iii) how using TLR4 LPS (a Gram-negative agonist) may not accurately model Gram-positive bacteria responses, alone and/or with specific types of implant particles, particularly CoCrMo alloy. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1007-1017, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Samelko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefan Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrabe 55, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Kyron McAllister
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nadim J Hallab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Liu X, Wang Y, Cao Z, Dou C, Bai Y, Liu C, Dong S, Fei J. Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by increasing autophagic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:421-426. [PMID: 28216157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to explore the effect of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on autophagy in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and then influence osteogenesis through the change of autophagy. C3H10T1/2 cells were induced by osteogenic medium with the treatment of LTA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10 μg/mL); 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as the autophagy inhibitor, and rapamycin (rapamycin, Rap) were used to activate autophagy; the effects on osteogenesis were detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting; autophagic activity was investigated by the expression of LC3-Ⅱand p62 proteins. Compared with control group, the expression of osteogenesis markers was significantly up-regulated with the LTA treatment on the mRNA and protein level; the positive rate of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced in the LTA groups; and the formation of calcium nodules was increased simultaneously. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ protein was increased in LTA groups, while the expression of p62 protein was decreased. Inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the effect of LTA on osteogenesis of MSCs; the promotion of LTA on osteogenic differentiation was further enhanced when adding rapamycin to activate autophagic activity. It provides new insight of prevention and treatment for bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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23
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Gao Q, Xiao Y, Zhang C, Min M, Peng S, Shi Z. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 2 in response to bacteria in silvery pomfret intestinal epithelial cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:1-9. [PMID: 27574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been shown to play a crucial role in the host defense of pathogenic microbes in innate immunity. In this study, the full-length cDNA of TLR2 in silvery pomfret (Pampus argenteus) was cloned by homology cloning and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The complete cDNA sequence of TLR2 was 2932 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 2469 bp encoding 822 amino acids. A multiple alignment analysis of the silvery pomfret TLR2 protein-coding sequence with other known TLR2 sequences from Oplegnathus fasciatus, Epinephelus coioides, Larimichthys crocea, Miichthys miiuy, Oreochromis niloticus, Paralichthys olivaceus, Trematomus bernacchii, Sparus aurata, and Chionodraco hamatus exhibited a high degree of homology of 78.83%, 75.91%, 74.21%, 74.94%, 71.95%, 72.57%, 73.68%, 75%, and 72.52 respectively, between these fish. Analysis of the TLR2 domain structures indicated that TLR2 from the silvery pomfret has the typical structural features of proteins that belong to the TLR family, including one transmembrane domain, eleven leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), and one Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain (TIR). In vitro immunostimulation experiments revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum and Clostridium butyricum induce high levels of TLR2 mRNA and protein expression, but they induce only moderate levels of IL-8 and TNF-α production compared to Vibrio anguillarum. This suggests that TLR2 might play a vital role in the L. plantarum and C. butyricum-mediated immune response. In contrast, V. anguillarum significantly increased the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α and induced cell apoptosis and necrosis. Due to the lower expression of TLR2 and higher levels of IL-8 and TNF-α induced by V. anguillarum, we hypothesize that a V. anguillarum infection is independent of the TLR2-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that TLR2 may be involved in molecular interactions between the host and commensal bacteria, that exist in the silvery pomfret intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Min
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
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