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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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Zhang C, Wang G, An Y. Achieving Nasal Septal Cartilage In Situ Regeneration: Focus on Cartilage Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1302. [PMID: 37759702 PMCID: PMC10527213 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue engineering, especially the in situ strategy based on scaffolds, has become a new prospect and become one of the most promising approaches. Given that it is difficult for chondrocytes to achieve directional migration and secrete matrix components to participate in tissue repair after cartilage injury, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs), with great migratory ability and stem cell characteristics, have caught the attention of researchers and brought hope for nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the distribution, characteristics, isolation, and culture methods of nasal septal CPCs. Subsequently, we described the roles of migratory CPCs in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we reviewed the existing studies on CPCs-based cartilage tissue engineering and summarized the strategies for promoting the migration and chondrogenesis of CPCs so as to provide ideas for achieving nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Z.)
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Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs): a still not fully understood cell population. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1189225. [PMID: 37229487 PMCID: PMC10203484 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1189225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration after an insult are essential functions of adult stem cells (SCs). In adult tissues, SCs proliferate at a very slow rate within "stem cell niches", but, during tissue development and regeneration, before giving rise to differentiated cells, they give rise to multipotent and highly proliferative cells, known as transit-amplifying cells (TACs). Although differences exist in diverse tissues, TACs are not only a transitory phase from SCs to post-mitotic cells, but they also actively control proliferation and number of their ancestor SCs and proliferation and differentiation of their progeny toward tissue specific functional cells. Autocrine signals and negative and positive feedback and feedforward paracrine signals play a major role in these controls. In the present review we will consider the generation and the role played by TACs during development and regeneration of lining epithelia characterized by a high turnover including epidermis and hair follicles, ocular epithelial surfaces, and intestinal mucosa. A comparison between these different tissues will be made. There are some genes and molecular pathways whose expression and activation are common to most TACs regardless their tissue of origin. These include, among others, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and BMP pathways. However, the response to these molecular signals can vary in TACs of different tissues. Secondly, we will consider cultured cells derived from tissues of mesodermal origin and widely adopted for cell therapy treatments. These include mesenchymal stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The possible correlation between cell dedifferentiation and reversion to a transit amplifying cell stage will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Emeritus Professor, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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4
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The clinical potential of articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells: a systematic review. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:2. [PMID: 35013329 PMCID: PMC8748760 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evidence has emerged for the existence of a distinct population of endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage, predominantly referred to as articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells (ACPCs). This progenitor population can be isolated from articular cartilage of a broad range of species, including human, equine, and bovine cartilage. In vitro, ACPCs possess mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like characteristics, such as colony forming potential, extensive proliferation, and multilineage potential. Contrary to bone marrow-derived MSCs, ACPCs exhibit no signs of hypertrophic differentiation and therefore hold potential for cartilage repair. As no unique cell marker or marker set has been established to specifically identify ACPCs, isolation and characterization protocols vary greatly. This systematic review summarizes the state-of-the-art research on this promising cell type for use in cartilage repair therapies. It provides an overview of the available literature on endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage and specifically compares identification of these cell populations in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, isolation procedures, in vitro characterization, and advantages over other cell types used for cartilage repair. The methods for the systematic review were prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020184775).
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Abpeikar Z, Moradi L, Javdani M, Kargozar S, Soleimannejad M, Hasanzadeh E, Mirzaei SA, Asadpour S. Characterization of Macroporous Polycaprolactone/Silk Fibroin/Gelatin/Ascorbic Acid Composite Scaffolds and In Vivo Results in a Rabbit Model for Meniscus Cartilage Repair. Cartilage 2021; 13:1583S-1601S. [PMID: 34340598 PMCID: PMC8804732 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211035418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus injuries in the inner avascular zone have weak intrinsic self-healing capacity and often progress to osteoarthritis. This study focused on evaluating the effects of polycaprolactone/silk fibroin/gelatin/ascorbic acid (PCL/SF/Gel/AA) composite scaffolds seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), in the meniscus repair. DESIGN To this end, composite scaffolds were cross-linked using N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-1-carbodiimide hydrochloride. Scaffolds were then characterized by scanning electron microscope, mechanical tests, total antioxidant capacity, swelling, and toxicity tests. RESULTS The PCL/SF/Gel/AA scaffolds exhibited suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, vitamin C rendered them the highest antioxidant capacity. The PCL/SF/Gel/AA scaffolds also showed good biocompatibility and proliferation for chondrocytes. Moreover, the PCL/SF/Gel/AA scaffold seeded with allogeneic ASCs was engrafted in New Zealand rabbits who underwent unilateral punch defect in the medial meniscus of the right knee. After 2 months postimplantation, macroscopic and histologic studies for new meniscus cartilage were performed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the PCL/SF/Gel/AA composite scaffolds seeded with allogeneic ASCs could successfully improve meniscus healing in damaged rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and
Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Lida Moradi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, New York University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Moosa Javdani
- Department of Clinical Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group
(TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soleimannejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and
Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,
Shahrekord, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center,
Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,
Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and
Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center,
Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,
Shahrekord, Iran,Shiva Asadpour, Cellular and Molecular
Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8815713471, Iran. Emails:
;
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Vinod E, Parameswaran R, Ramasamy B, Kachroo U. Pondering the Potential of Hyaline Cartilage-Derived Chondroprogenitors for Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cartilage 2021; 13:34S-52S. [PMID: 32840123 PMCID: PMC8804774 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520951631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondroprogenitors have recently gained prominence due to promising results seen in in vitro and animal studies as a potential contender in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair. Lack of consensus regarding nomenclature, isolation techniques, and expansion protocols create substantial limitations for translational research, especially given the absence of distinct markers of identification. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and collate information pertaining to hyaline cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors, with regard to their isolation, culture, and outcome measures. DESIGN As per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a web-based search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed from January 2000 to May 2020, which yielded 509 studies. A total of 65 studies were identified that met the standardized inclusion criteria which comprised of, but was not limited to, progenitors derived from fibronectin adhesion, migrated subpopulation from explant cultures, and single-cell sorting. RESULT Literature search revealed that progenitors demonstrated inherent chondrogenesis and minimal tendency for hypertrophy. Multiple sources also demonstrated significantly better outcomes that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and comparable results to chondrocytes. With regard to progenitor subgroups, collated evidence points to better and consistent outcomes with the use of migratory progenitors when compared to fibronectin adhesion assay-derived progenitors, although a direct comparison between the two cell populations is warranted. CONCLUSION Since chondroprogenitors exhibit favorable properties for cartilage repair, efficient characterization of progenitors is imperative, to complete their phenotypic profile, so as to optimize their use in translational research for neocartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of
InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin
Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India
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Vahedi P, Moghaddamshahabi R, Webster TJ, Calikoglu Koyuncu AC, Ahmadian E, Khan WS, Jimale Mohamed A, Eftekhari A. The Use of Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Articular Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179215. [PMID: 34502123 PMCID: PMC8431575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is frequently damaged with a limited capacity for repair. Current treatment strategies are insufficient as they form fibrocartilage as opposed to hyaline cartilage, and do not prevent the progression of degenerative changes. There is increasing interest in the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for tissue regeneration. MSCs that are used to treat articular cartilage defects must not only present a robust cartilaginous production capacity, but they also must not cause morbidity at the harvest site. In addition, they should be easy to isolate from the tissue and expand in culture without terminal differentiation. The source of MSCs is one of the most important factors that may affect treatment. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) acts as an important reservoir for MSC and is located in the anterior compartment of the knee joint in the extra-synovial area. The IPFP is a rich source of MSCs, and in this review, we discuss studies that demonstrate that these cells have shown many advantages over other tissues in terms of ease of isolation, expansion, and chondrogenic differentiation. Future studies in articular cartilage repair strategies and suitable extraction as well as cell culture methods will extend the therapeutical application of IPFP-derived MSCs into additional orthopedic fields, such as osteoarthritis. This review provides the latest research concerning the use of IPFP-derived MSCs in the treatment of articular cartilage damage, providing critical information for the field to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 78151-55158, Iran;
| | - Rana Moghaddamshahabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628, North Cyprus, Turkey;
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ayse Ceren Calikoglu Koyuncu
- Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey;
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-15731, Iran;
| | - Wasim S. Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Correspondence: (W.S.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Ali Jimale Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu 801, Somalia;
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 78151-55158, Iran
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Dúbravská cesta, 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (W.S.K.); (A.E.)
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Macroporous scaffold surface modified with biological macromolecules and piroxicam-loaded gelatin nanofibers toward meniscus cartilage repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1327-1345. [PMID: 33932422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus cartilage has poor self-healing capacity in the inner zone and its damage leads to articular cartilage degeneration. Here we have developed hybrid constructs using polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyurethane (PU) surface modified by gelatin (G), chitosan (C), and hyaluronic acid (H) biomacromolecules and piroxicam-loaded gelatin nanofibers (PCL/PU/GCH/P). The surface of constructs was crosslinked using EDC and NHS. The scaffolds were investigated by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, swelling test, degradation rate, mechanical tests, and in vitro piroxicam release assay. Furthermore, the cell-seeded scaffolds were evaluated by SEM, viability assay, dapi staining, cell migration, proliferation, and gene expression of chondrocytes within these scaffolds. Finally, the animal study was performed in a rabbit model. Chondrocyte and rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from the infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's fat pad) were used. Swelling and degradation rate were increased in the modified scaffolds. Tensile and compressive Young's modulus also were near to human native meniscus tissue. The highest expression level of chondrocyte marker genes was observed for the PCL/PU/GCH scaffold. A significant regeneration was obtained in rabbits treated with ASCs-loaded PCL/PU/GCH/P scaffold after 3 months. The surface-modified scaffolds with or without ASCs could successfully accelerate meniscus regeneration and exhibit potential application in meniscus tissue engineering.
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Zhang Q, Xiang E, Rao W, Zhang YQ, Xiao CH, Li CY, Han B, Wu D. Intra-articular injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats by inhibiting cartilage degradation and inflammation. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:226-236. [PMID: 33739851 PMCID: PMC7998343 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.103.bjr-2020-0206.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can prevent articular cartilage degradation and explore the underlying mechanisms in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Methods Human UC-MSCs were characterized by their phenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Two weeks after MIA induction in rats, human UC-MSCs were intra-articularly injected once a week for three weeks. The therapeutic effect of human UC-MSCs was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, Safranin-O/Fast green staining, and Mankin scores. Markers of joint cartilage injury and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Histopathological analysis showed that intra-articular injection of human UC-MSCs significantly inhibited the progression of OA, as demonstrated by reduced cartilage degradation, increased Safranin-O staining, and lower Mankin scores. Immunohistochemistry showed that human UC-MSC treatment down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), and enhanced the expression of type II collagen and ki67 in the articular cartilage. Furthermore, human UC-MSCs significantly decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while increasing TNF-α-induced protein 6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that human UC-MSCs ameliorate MIA-induced OA by preventing cartilage degradation, restoring the proliferation of chondrocytes, and inhibiting the inflammatory response, which implies that human UC-MSCs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(3):226–236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co, Wuhan, China
| | - E Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Chang Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongcheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co, Wuhan, China
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10
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Hyperosmolarity benefits cartilage regeneration by enhancing expression of chondrogenic markers and reducing inflammatory markers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:290-299. [PMID: 33580417 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of hyperosmolarity can be a promising strategy to promote chondrogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Growth factors may promote different signaling pathways in parallel that is why in this study we monitor undesired pathologic or unwanted side effects as well as chondroinductive impacts of hyperosmolarity in differentiating ADSCs. Quantified gene expression, immunocytochemistry, glycosaminoglycan deposition and angiogenic secretion assays performed along with immunoassay. We observed that hyperosmolarity pressure of 480 mOsm over-expressed cartilage specific markers at gene expression level in the extra cellular matrix. Meanwhile, hyperosmolarity of 480 mOsm diminished the expression of cartilage associated pathologic markers, i.e., inflammatory and angiogenic attributes. Certain dose of hyperosmolarity could benefit chondrogenesis in a dual way, first by increasing chondrogenic markers and second by lowering tissue mineralization and angiogenic potential. The chondroprotective potential of hyperosmolarity could have a promising benefit in cartilage cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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11
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Al-Masawa ME, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Chua KH. Biosafety evaluation of culture-expanded human chondrocytes with growth factor cocktail: a preclinical study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21583. [PMID: 33299022 PMCID: PMC7725787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of chondrocytes is a major challenge for cartilage tissue engineering. Monolayer expansion is necessary to amplify the limited number of chondrocytes needed for clinical application. Growth factors are often added to improve monolayer culture conditions, promoting proliferation, and enhancing chondrogenesis. Limited knowledge on the biosafety of the cell products manipulated with growth factors in culture has driven this study to evaluate the impact of growth factor cocktail supplements in chondrocyte culture medium on chondrocyte genetic stability and tumorigenicity. The growth factors were basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), transforming growth factor β2 (TGF β2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), and platelet-derived growth factor (PD-GF). Nasal septal chondrocytes cultured in growth factor cocktail exhibited a significantly high proliferative capacity. Comet assay revealed no significant DNA damage. Flow cytometry showed chondrocytes were mostly at G0-G1 phase, exhibiting normal cell cycle profile with no aneuploidy. We observed a decreased tumour suppressor genes’ expression (p53, p21, pRB) and no TP53 mutations or tumour formation after 6 months of implantation in nude mice. Our data suggest growth factor cocktail has a low risk of inducing genotoxic and tumorigenic effects on chondrocytes up to passage 6 with 16.6 population doublings. This preclinical tumorigenicity and genetic instability evaluation is crucial for further clinical works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimonah-Eissa Al-Masawa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Kien-Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chen Y, Ouyang X, Wu Y, Guo S, Xie Y, Wang G. Co-culture and Mechanical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:54-60. [PMID: 31660820 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666191029104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects in articular cartilage injury and chronic osteoarthritis are very widespread and common, and the ability of injured cartilage to repair itself is limited. Stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering provides a promising therapeutic option for articular cartilage damage. However, the application of the technique is limited by the number, source, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. The co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes is available for cartilage tissue engineering, and mechanical stimulation is an important factor that should not be ignored. A combination of these two approaches, i.e., co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes under mechanical stimulation, can provide sufficient quantity and quality of cells for cartilage tissue engineering, and when combined with scaffold materials and cytokines, this approach ultimately achieves the purpose of cartilage repair and reconstruction. In this review, we focus on the effects of co-culture and mechanical stimulation on mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes for articular cartilage tissue engineering. An in-depth understanding of the impact of co-culture and mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes can facilitate the development of additional strategies for articular cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xinli Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yide Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shaojia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
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The Efficacy of Stem Cells Secretome Application in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1222-1241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Alkaya D, Gurcan C, Kilic P, Yilmazer A, Gurman G. Where is human-based cellular pharmaceutical R&D taking us in cartilage regeneration? 3 Biotech 2020; 10:161. [PMID: 32206495 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, cellular-based cartilage joint therapies have gradually gained more attention, which leads to next generation bioengineering approaches in the development of cell-based medicinal products for human use in cartilage repair. The greatest hurdles of chondrocyte-based cartilage bioengineering are: (i) preferring the cell source; (ii) differentiation and expansion processes; (iii) the time necessary for chondrocyte expansion pre-implantation; and (iv) fixing the chondrocyte count in accordance with the lesion surface area of the patient in question. The chondrocyte presents itself to be the focal starting material for research and development of bioengineered cartilage-based medicinal products which promise the regeneration and restoration of non-orthopedic cartilage joint defects. Even though chondrocytes seem to be the first choice, inevitable complications related to proliferation, dedifferentation and redifferentiation are probable. Detailed studies are a necessity to fully investigate detailed culturing conditions, the chondrogenic strains of well-defined phenotypes and evaluation of the methods to be used in biomaterial production. Despite a majority of the current methods which aid amelioration of joint functionality, they are insufficient in fully restoring the natural structure and composition of the joint cartilage. Hence current studies have trended towards gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering practices. There are many studies addressing the outcomes of chondrocytes in the clinical scene, and many vital biomaterials have been developed for structuring the bioengineered cartilage. This study aims to convey to the audience the practical significance of chondrocyte-based clinical applications.
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Shen H, Lucas C, Kuang B, Tuan RS, Lin H. Condensation-Driven Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Their Own Extracellular Matrix: Formation of Cartilage with Low Hypertrophy and Physiologically Relevant Mechanical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900229. [PMID: 32648682 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate injured cartilage. In this study, MSCs are cultured under confluent conditions for 10 days to optimize the deposition of the extracellular matrix (mECM), which will serve as the scaffold to support MSC chondrogenesis. Subsequently, the MSC-impregnated mECM (MSC-mECM) composite is briefly treated with trypsin, allowing the MSCs to adopt a round morphology without being detached from their own mECM. The constructs are then cultured in a chondrogenic medium. Interestingly, after trypsin removal, the treated MSCs undergo an aggregation process, mimicking mesenchymal condensation during developmental chondrogenesis, specifically indicated by peanut agglutinin staining and immunodetectable N-cadherin expression, followed by robust chondrogenic differentiation. In comparison to conventional pellet culture, chondrogenically induced MSC-mECM displays a similar level of chondrogenesis, but with significantly reduced hypertrophy. The reparative capacity of the MSC-mECM derived construct is assessed using bovine cartilage explants. Mechanical testing and histology results show that engineered cartilage from MSC-mECM forms better integration with the surrounding native cartilage tissue and displays a much lower hypertrophic differentiation than that from pellet culture. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MSC-mECM may be an efficacious stem cell-based product for the repair of hyaline cartilage injury without the use of exogenous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Yang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - He Shen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Caitlin Lucas
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Biao Kuang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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16
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Kim DH, Lim MH, Jeun JH, Park SH, Lee W, Park SH, Kwon MY, Hwang SH, Kim SW. Evaluation of Polycaprolactone-Associated Human Nasal Chondrocytes as a Therapeutic Agent for Cartilage Repair. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:605-614. [PMID: 31824823 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we manufactured a complex of human nasal septal cartilage (hNC) with polycaprolactone (PCL) for transplantation into cartilaginous skeletal defects and evaluated their characteristics. Methods Nasal septum tissue was obtained from five patients aged ≥ 20 years who were undergoing septoplasty. hNCs were isolated and subcultured for three passages in vitro. To formulate the cell-PCL complex, we used type I collagen as an adhesive between chondrocyte and PCL. Immunofluorescence staining, cell viability and growth in the hNC-PCL complex, and mycoplasma contamination were assessed. Results hNCs in PCL showed viability ≥ 70% and remained at these levels for 9 h of incubation at 4 °C. Immunostaining of the hNC-PCL complex also showed high expression levels of chondrocyte-specific protein, COL2A1, SOX9, and aggrecan during 24 h of clinically applicable conditions. Conclusion The hNC-PCL complex may be a valuable therapeutic agent for implantation into injured cartilage tissue, and can be used clinically to repair cartilaginous skeletal defects. From a clinical perspective, it is important to set the short duration of the implantation process to achieve effective functional implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeun
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea.,2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - WeonSun Lee
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hi Park
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kwon
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- 3Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14647 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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Microporous acellular extracellular matrix combined with adipose-derived stem cell sheets as a promising tissue patch promoting articular cartilage regeneration and interface integration. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:856-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Lavernia L, Brown WE, Wong BJF, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Toward tissue-engineering of nasal cartilages. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:42-56. [PMID: 30794988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nasal cartilage pathologies are common; for example, up to 80% of people are afflicted by deviated nasal septum conditions. Because cartilage provides the supportive framework of the nose, afflicted patients suffer low quality of life. To correct pathologies, graft cartilage is often required. Grafts are currently sourced from the patient's septum, ear, or rib. However, their use yields donor site morbidity and is limited by tissue quantity and quality. Additionally, rhinoplasty revision rates exceed 15%, exacerbating the shortage of graft cartilage. Alternative grafts, such as irradiated allogeneic rib cartilage, are associated with complications. Tissue-engineered neocartilage holds promise to address the limitations of current grafts. The engineering design process may be used to create suitable graft tissues. This process begins by identifying the surgeon's needs. Second, nasal cartilages' properties must be understood to define engineering design criteria. Limited investigations have examined nasal cartilage properties; numerous additional studies need to be performed to examine topographical variations, for example. Third, tissue-engineering processes must be applied to achieve the engineering design criteria. Within the recent past, strategies have frequently utilized human septal chondrocytes. As autologous and allogeneic rib graft cartilage is used, its suitability as a cell source should also be examined. Fourth, quantitative verification of engineered neocartilage is critical to check for successful achievement of the engineering design criteria. Finally, following the FDA paradigm, engineered neocartilage must be orthotopically validated in animals. Together, these steps delineate a path to engineer functional nasal neocartilages that may, ultimately, be used to treat human patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nasal cartilage pathologies are common and lead to greatly diminished quality of life. The ability to correct pathologies is limited by cartilage graft quality and quantity, as well as donor site morbidity and surgical complications, such as infection and resorption. Despite the significance of nasal cartilage pathologies and high rhinoplasty revision rates (15%), little characterization and tissue-engineering work has been performed compared to other cartilages, such as articular cartilage. Furthermore, most work is published in clinical journals, with little in biomedical engineering. Therefore, this review discusses what nasal cartilage properties are known, summarizes the current state of nasal cartilage tissue-engineering, and makes recommendations via the engineering design process toward engineering functional nasal neocartilage to address current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lavernia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Wendy E Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
| | - Brian J F Wong
- Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
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Regenerative Medicine: A Review of the Evolution of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6010022. [PMID: 30871236 PMCID: PMC6466051 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is composed of chondrons within a territorial matrix surrounded by a highly organized extracellular matrix comprising collagen II fibrils, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and non-collagenous proteins. Damaged articular cartilage has a limited potential for healing and untreated defects often progress to osteoarthritis. High hopes have been pinned on regenerative medicine strategies to meet the challenge of preventing progress to late osteoarthritis. One such strategy, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), was first reported in 1994 as a treatment for deep focal articular cartilage defects. ACI has since evolved to become a worldwide well-established surgical technique. For ACI, chondrocytes are harvested from the lesser weight bearing edge of the joint by arthroscopy, their numbers expanded in monolayer culture for at least four weeks, and then re-implanted in the damaged region under a natural or synthetic membrane via an open joint procedure. We consider the evolution of ACI to become an established cell therapy, its current limitations, and on-going strategies to improve its efficacy. The most promising developments involving cells and natural or synthetic biomaterials will be highlighted.
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20
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Aurich M, Hofmann GO, Gras F, Rolauffs B. Human osteochondritis dissecans fragment-derived chondrocyte characteristics ex vivo, after monolayer expansion-induced de-differentiation, and after re-differentiation in alginate bead culture. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:168. [PMID: 29793458 PMCID: PMC5968539 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a therapy for articular cartilage and osteochondral lesions that relies on notch- or trochlea-derived primary chondrocytes. An alternative cell source for ACI could be osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) fragment-derived chondrocytes. Assessing the potential of these cells, we investigated their characteristics ex vivo and after monolayer expansion, as monolayer expansion is an integral step of ACI. However, as monolayer expansion can induce de-differentiation, we asked whether monolayer-induced de-differentiation can be reverted through successive alginate bead culture. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from the OCD fragments of 15 patient knees with ICRS grades 3-4 lesions for ex vivo analyses, primary alginate bead culture, monolayer expansion, and alginate bead culture following monolayer expansion for attempting re-differentiation. We determined yield, viability, and the mRNA expression of aggrecan and type I, II, and X collagen. RESULTS OCD fragment-derived chondrocyte isolation yielded high numbers of viable cells with a low type I:II collagen expression ratio (< 1) and a relatively high aggrecan and type II and X collagen mRNA expression, indicating chondrogenic and hypertrophic characteristics. As expected, monolayer expansion induced de-differentiation. Alginate bead culture of monolayer-expanded cells significantly improved the expression profile of all genes investigated, being most successful in decreasing the hypertrophy marker type X collagen to 1.5% of its ex vivo value. However, the chondrogenic phenotype was not fully restored, as the collagen type I:II expression ratio decreased significantly but remained > 1. CONCLUSION OCD fragment derived human chondrocytes may hold not yet utilized clinical potential for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Aurich
- Center for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Mittleres Erzgebirge, Alte Marienberger, Str. 52, 09405, Zschopau, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical College, 1735 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gunther O Hofmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Gras
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, 500 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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21
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Kim DH, Lim JY, Kim SW, Lee W, Park SH, Kwon MY, Park SH, Lim MH, Back SA, Yun BG, Jeun JH, Hwang SH. Characteristics of Nasal Septal Cartilage-Derived Progenitor Cells during Prolonged Cultivation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:774-782. [PMID: 29787348 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818777195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective To produce alternate cell sources for tissue regeneration, human nasal septal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (NSPs) were tested to identify whether these cells meet the criteria of cartilage progenitor cells. We also evaluated the effects of prolonged cultivation on the characteristics of NSPs. Study Design In vitro study. Setting Academic research laboratory. Methods NSPs were isolated from discarded human nasal septal cartilage. NSPs were cultured for 10 passages. The expression of septal progenitor cell surface markers was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cell proliferation was measured with a cell-counting kit. Cytokine secretion was analyzed with multiplex immunoassays. Chondrogenic differentiation of NSPs without differentiation induction was analyzed with type II collagen immunohistochemistry. Cartilage-specific protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. Under osteo- and adipodifferentiation media, 2 lineage differentiation potentials were evaluated by histology and gene expression analysis. Results Surface epitope analysis revealed that NSPs are positive for mesenchymal stem cells markers and negative for hematopoietic cell markers. Cultured NSPs showed sufficient cell expansion and chondrogenic potential, as demonstrated by immunostaining and expression of cartilage-specific protein. IL-6, IL-8, and transforming growth factor ß were secreted by over 200 pg/mL. The osteo- and adipodifferentiation potentials of NSPs were identified by histology and specific gene expression. The aforementioned characteristics were not influenced by prolonged cultivation. Conclusion NSPs represent an initial step toward creating a cell source from surgically discarded tissue that may prove useful in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - WeonSun Lee
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hi Park
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kwon
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang A Back
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Yun
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeun
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Enhanced chondrogenesis differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by MicroRNA-140 and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3). Biologicals 2018; 52:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Mahboudi H, Soleimani M, Enderami SE, Kehtari M, Hanaee-Ahvaz H, Ghanbarian H, Bandehpour M, Nojehdehi S, Mirzaei S, Kazemi B. The effect of nanofibre-based polyethersulfone (PES) scaffold on the chondrogenesis of human induced pluripotent stem cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1948-1956. [PMID: 29103309 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1396998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to have promising potential for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Chondrogenic differentiation of iPSCs is important for application in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we considered the effect of nanofibre-based polyethersulfone (PES) scaffold on the chondrogenesis of iPSCs. IPSC cells were cultured on the PES scaffold and scaffold free method. After 21 d, real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the cartilage-specific genes in the mRNA levels. For confirm our results, we have done immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. According to the results, higher significant expressions of common chondrogenic-related genes such as aggrecan, collagen type II and collagen type X were observed in PES seeded human iPSCs when compared to the mRNA levels measured in scaffold free method. Expression of collagen type I down regulated in both methods. Also, both methods were showed a similar pattern of expression of SOX9. Our results showed that nanofibre-based PES scaffold enhanced the chondrogenesis of iPSCs and the highest capacity for differentiation into chondrocyte-like cells. These cells and PES scaffold were demonstrated to have great efficiency for treatment of cartilage damages and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mahboudi
- a Department of Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- b Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- c Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,d Department of Stem Cell Biology , Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- d Department of Stem Cell Biology , Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hana Hanaee-Ahvaz
- d Department of Stem Cell Biology , Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- a Department of Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- a Department of Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahrzad Nojehdehi
- d Department of Stem Cell Biology , Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samaneh Mirzaei
- d Department of Stem Cell Biology , Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- e Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Dragoo JL, Chang W. Arthroscopic Harvest of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:3119-3127. [PMID: 28816507 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517719454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) from the arthroscopically harvested infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) would provide orthopaedic surgeons with an autologous solution for regenerative procedures. PURPOSE To demonstrate the quantity and viability of the mesenchymal stem cell population arthroscopically harvested from the IFP as well as the surrounding synovium. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS The posterior border of the IFP, including the surrounding synovial tissue, was harvested arthroscopically from patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tissue was then collected in an AquaVage adipose canister, followed by fat fractionization using syringe emulsification and concentration with an AdiPrep device. In the laboratory, the layers of tissue were separated and then digested with 0.3% type I collagenase. The pelleted stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were then immediately analyzed for viability, mesenchymal cell surface markers by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and clonogenic capacity. After culture expansion, the metabolic activity of the ADSCs was assessed by an AlamarBlue assay, and the multilineage differentiation capability was tested. The transition of surface antigens from the SVF toward expanded ADSCs at passage 2 was further evaluated. RESULTS SVF cells were successfully harvested with a mean yield of 4.86 ± 2.64 × 105 cells/g of tissue and a mean viability of 69.03% ± 10.75%, with ages ranging from 17 to 52 years (mean, 35.14 ± 13.70 years; n = 7). The cultured ADSCs composed a mean 5.85% ± 5.89% of SVF cells with a mean yield of 0.33 ± 0.42 × 105 cells/g of tissue. The nonhematopoietic cells (CD45-) displayed the following surface antigens as a percentage of the viable population: CD44+ (52.21% ± 4.50%), CD73+CD90+CD105+ (19.20% ± 17.04%), and CD44+CD73+CD90+CD105+ (15.32% ± 15.23%). There was also a significant increase in the expression of ADSC markers CD73 (96.97% ± 1.72%; P < .01), CD10 (84.47% ± 15.46%; P < .05), and CD166 (11.63% ± 7.84%; P < .005) starting at passage 2 compared with freshly harvested SVF cells. The clonogenic efficiency of SVF cells was determined at a mean 3.21% ± 1.52% for layer 1 and 1.51% ± 0.55% for layer 2. Differentiation into cartilage, fat, and bone tissue was demonstrated by tissue-specific staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION SVF cells from the IFP and adjacent synovial tissue were successfully harvested using an arthroscopic technique and produced ADSCs with surface markers that meet criteria for defined mesenchymal stem cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An autologous source of stem cells can now be harvested using a simple arthroscopic technique that will allow orthopaedic surgeons easier access to progenitor cells for regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Dragoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wenteh Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Ramezanifard R, Kabiri M, Hanaee Ahvaz H. Effects of platelet rich plasma and chondrocyte co-culture on MSC chondrogenesis, hypertrophy and pathological responses. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1031-1045. [PMID: 28900383 PMCID: PMC5579395 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the inadequate healing capability of cartilage tissue, cell-based therapy is making the future of cartilage repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown great promise in cartilage regeneration. However, a yet-unresolved issue is the emergence of hypertrophic and pathologic markers during in vitro MSC chondrogenesis. Articular chondrocytes (AC) can suppress the undesired hypertrophy when co-cultured with MSC. On the other hand, platelet rich plasma (PRP), is considered potentially effective for cartilage repair and in-vitro chondrogenesis. We thus aimed to harness chondro-promotive effects of PRP and hypertrophic-suppressive effects of AC:MSC co-culture to achieve a more functional cartilage neo-tissue. We used PRP or conventional-differentiation chondrogenic media (ConvDiff) in MSC mono-cultures and AC:MSC co-cultures. We assessed gene expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers using real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. Alkaline-phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium content of the pellets were quantified. We also measured VEGF and TNF-α secretion via ELISA. We showed PRP had higher chondrogenic potential (in mRNA and protein level) and hypertrophic-suppressive effects than Conv-Diff (mRNA level). Co-culturing reduced ALP while PRP increased calcium deposition. In all four groups, TNF-α was down-regulated compared to MSC controls, with co-cultures receiving ConvDiff media secreting the least. Meanwhile, the only group with increased VEGF secretion was PRP-mono-cultures. We observed synergistic effects for PRP and AC:MSC co-culture in enhancing chondrogenesis. Inclusion of AC reduced hypertrophic markers and angiogenic potential in PRP groups. We thus propose that combination of PRP and co-culture would favor chondrogenesis while alleviate but not totally eradicate undesired hypertrophic and pathologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Ramezanifard
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Hanaee Ahvaz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Galeano-Garces C, Camilleri ET, Riester SM, Dudakovic A, Larson DR, Qu W, Smith J, Dietz AB, Im HJ, Krych AJ, Larson AN, Karperien M, van Wijnen AJ. Molecular Validation of Chondrogenic Differentiation and Hypoxia Responsiveness of Platelet-Lysate Expanded Adipose Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cartilage 2017; 8:283-299. [PMID: 28618870 PMCID: PMC5625857 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516659344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal environmental conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs). In this investigation we specifically investigate the role of oxygen tension and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems. DESIGN Both AMSCs and primary human chondrocytes were cultured for 21 days in chondrogenic media under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions using 2 distinct 3D culture methods (high-density pellets and poly-ε-caprolactone [PCL] scaffolds). Histologic analysis of chondro-pellets and the expression of chondrocyte-related genes as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the efficiency of differentiation. RESULTS AMSCs are capable of expressing established cartilage markers including COL2A1, ACAN, and DCN when grown in chondrogenic differentiation media as determined by gene expression and histologic analysis of cartilage markers. Expression of several cartilage-related genes was enhanced by low oxygen tension, including ACAN and HAPLN1. The pellet culture environment also promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible cartilage markers compared with cells grown on 3D scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS Cell type-specific effects of low oxygen and 3D environments indicate that mesenchymal cell fate and differentiation potential is remarkably sensitive to oxygen. Genetic programming of AMSCs to a chondrocytic phenotype is effective under hypoxic conditions as evidenced by increased expression of cartilage-related biomarkers and biosynthesis of a glycosaminoglycan-positive matrix. Lower local oxygen levels within cartilage pellets may be a significant driver of chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Galeano-Garces
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Scott M. Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dirk R. Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A. Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Andre J. van Wijnen, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Tan AR, Hung CT. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Taking Cues from Chondrocyte-Based Constructs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1295-1303. [PMID: 28177194 PMCID: PMC5442836 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form of joint disease, afflicts 9% of the U.S. population over the age of 30 and costs the economy nearly $100 billion annually in healthcare and socioeconomic costs. It is characterized by joint pain and dysfunction, though the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Due to its avascular nature and limited cellularity, articular cartilage exhibits a poor intrinsic healing response following injury. As such, significant research efforts are aimed at producing engineered cartilage as a cell-based approach for articular cartilage repair. However, the knee joint is mechanically demanding, and during injury, also a milieu of harsh inflammatory agents. The unforgiving mechano-chemical environment requires tissue replacements that are capable of bearing such burdens. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising cell source due to their ease of isolation, capacity to readily expand in culture, and ability to undergo lineage-specific differentiation into chondrocytes. However, to date, very few studies utilizing MSCs have successfully recapitulated the structural and functional properties of native cartilage, exposing the difficult process of uniformly differentiating stem cells into desired cell fates and maintaining the phenotype during in vitro culture and after in vivo implantation. To address these shortcomings, here, we present a concise review on modulating stem cell behavior, tissue development and function using well-developed techniques from chondrocyte-based cartilage tissue engineering. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1295-1303.
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Kazemi D, Shams Asenjan K, Dehdilani N, Parsa H. Canine articular cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin: Macroscopic and histological assessments. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:98-107. [PMID: 28235767 PMCID: PMC5331179 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.bjr-2016-0188.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, and thus have emerged as promising alternatives to chondrocytes in cell-based cartilage repair methods. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with platelet rich fibrin on osteochondral defect repair and articular cartilage regeneration in a canine model. Methods Osteochondral defects were created on the medial femoral condyles of 12 adult male mixed breed dogs. They were either treated with stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin or left empty. Macroscopic and histological evaluation of the repair tissue was conducted after four, 16 and 24 weeks using the International Cartilage Repair Society macroscopic and the O’Driscoll histological grading systems. Results were reported as mean and standard deviation (sd) and compared at different time points between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, with a value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Higher cumulative macroscopic and histological scores were observed in stem cell treated defects throughout the study period with significant differences noted at four and 24 weeks (9.25, sd 0.5 vs 7.25, sd 0.95, and 10, sd 0.81 vs 7.5, sd 0.57; p < 0.05) and 16 weeks (16.5, sd 4.04 vs 11, sd 1.15; p < 0.05), respectively. Superior gross and histological characteristics were also observed in stem cell treated defects. Conclusion The use of autologous culture expanded bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on platelet rich fibrin is a novel method for articular cartilage regeneration. It is postulated that platelet rich fibrin creates a suitable environment for proliferation and differentiation of stem cells by releasing endogenous growth factors resulting in creation of a hyaline-like reparative tissue. Cite this article: D. Kazemi, K. Shams Asenjan, N. Dehdilani, H. Parsa. Canine articular cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells seeded on platelet rich fibrin: Macroscopic and histological assessments. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:98–107. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0188.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kazemi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - K Shams Asenjan
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Dehdilani
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Parsa
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ghiaee A, Pournaqi F, Vakilian S, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Ardeshirylajimi A. Adapted dexamethasone delivery polyethylene oxide and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) construct promote mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1640-1648. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1276921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Ghiaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Pournaqi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Infrapatellar Fat Pad: An Alternative Source of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ARTHRITIS 2016; 2016:4019873. [PMID: 27239342 PMCID: PMC4861778 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4019873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) represents an emerging alternative source of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We compared the characteristics and differentiation capacity of ASCs isolated from IPFP and SC. Materials and Methods. ASCs were harvested from either IPFP or SC. IPFPs were collected from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), whereas subcutaneous tissues were collected from patients undergoing lipoaspiration. Immunophenotypes of surface antigens were evaluated. Their ability to form colony-forming units (CFUs) and their differentiation potential were determined. The ASCs karyotype was evaluated. Results. There was no difference in the number of CFUs and size of CFUs between IPFP and SC sources. ASCs isolated from both sources had a normal karyotype. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers on flow cytometry was equivalent. IPFP-ASCs demonstrated significantly higher expression of SOX-9 and RUNX-2 over ASCs isolated from SC (6.19 ± 5.56-, 0.47 ± 0.62-fold; p value = 0.047, and 17.33 ± 10.80-, 1.56 ± 1.31-fold; p value = 0.030, resp.). Discussion and Conclusion. CFU assay of IPFP-ASCs and SC-ASCs harvested by lipoaspiration technique was equivalent. The expression of key chondrogenic and osteogenic genes was increased in cells isolated from IPFP. IPFP should be considered a high quality alternative source of ASCs.
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