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Manawar S, Myrick E, Awad P, Hung V, Hinton C, Kenter K, Bovid K, Li Y. Use of allograft bone matrix in clinical orthopedics. Regen Med 2024; 19:247-256. [PMID: 39028538 PMCID: PMC11321266 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2353473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical orthopedics continuously aims to improve methods for bone formation. Clinical applications where bone formation is necessary include critical long bone defects in orthopedic trauma or tumor patients. Though some biomaterials combined with autologous stem cells significantly improve bone repair, critical-size damages are still challenged with the suitable implantation of biomaterials and donor cell survival. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the fundamental structure in tissues that can nest and nourish resident cells as well as support specific functions of the tissue type. ECM also plays a role in cell signaling to promote bone growth, healing and turnover. In the last decade, the use of bone-derived ECMs or ECM-similar biomaterials have been widely investigated, including decellularized and demineralized bone ECM. In this article, we reviewed the current productions and applications of decellularized and demineralized bone matrices. We also introduce the current study of whole limb decellularization and recellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Manawar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Erica Myrick
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Peter Awad
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Victor Hung
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Cassidy Hinton
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Keith Kenter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Karen Bovid
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI49008, USA
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Esmaeili A, Rahimi A, Abbasi A, Hasannejad-Asl B, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Farjami M, Keshel SH. Processing and post-processing of fish skin as a novel material in tissue engineering. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102238. [PMID: 37832248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As a natural material, fish skin contains significant amounts of collagen I and III, and due to its biocompatible nature, it can be used to regenerate various tissues and organs. To use fish skin, it is necessary to perform the decellularization process to avoid the immunological response of the host body. In the process of decellularization, it is crucial to conserve the extracellular matrix (ECM) three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, it is known that decellularization methods may also damage ECM strands arrangement and structure. Moreover, after decellularization, the post-processing of fish skin improves its mechanical and biological properties and preserves its 3D design and strength. Also, sterilization, which is one of the post-processing steps, is mandatory in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review paper, the fish skin decellularization methods performed and the various post-processes used to increase the performance of the skin have been studied. Moreover, multiple applications of acellular fish skin (AFS) and its extracted collagen have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farjami
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Ma C, Park MS, Alves do Monte F, Gokani V, Aruwajoye OO, Ren Y, Liu X, Kim HKW. Local BMP2 hydrogel therapy for robust bone regeneration in a porcine model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:50. [PMID: 37709818 PMCID: PMC10502123 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is juvenile idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) that has no effective clinical treatment. Previously, local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) for ONFH treatment showed a heterogeneous bone repair and a high incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) due to the BMP2 leakage. Here, we developed a BMP2-hydrogel treatment via a transphyseal bone wash and subsequential injection of BMP2-loaded hydrogel. In vitro studies showed that a hydrogel of gelatin-heparin-tyramine retained the BMP2 for four weeks. The injection of the hydrogel can efficiently prevent leakage. With the bone wash, the injected hydrogel had a broad distribution in the head. In vivo studies on pigs revealed that the BMP2-hydrogel treatment produced a homogeneous bone regeneration without HO. It preserved the subchondral contour and restored the subchondral endochondral ossification, although it increased growth plate fusions. In summary, the study demonstrated a promising BMP2-hydrogel treatment for ONFH treatment, especially for teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Min Sung Park
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
| | | | - Vishal Gokani
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
| | - Olumide O Aruwajoye
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Harry K W Kim
- Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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4
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Whitehead KM, Hendricks HKL, Cakir SN, de Castro Brás LE. ECM roles and biomechanics in cardiac tissue decellularization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H585-H596. [PMID: 35960635 PMCID: PMC9467473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00372.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural biomaterials hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. The rapid advance of several tissue-engineered biomaterials, such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, has led to widespread application of these materials in the clinic and in research. However, biomaterials can have limited repair capacity; obstacles result from immunogenicity, difficulties in mimicking native microenvironments, and maintaining the mechanical and biochemical (i.e., biomechanical) properties of native organs/tissues. The emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials provides an attractive solution to overcome these hurdles since decellularized ECM provides a nonimmune environment with native three-dimensional structures and bioactive components. More importantly, decellularized ECM can be generated from the tissue of interest, such as the heart, and keep its native macro- and microstructure and tissue-specific composition. These decellularized cardiac matrices/scaffolds can then be reseeded using cardiac cells, and the resulting recellularized construct is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Nonetheless, the decellularization process must be optimized and depends on tissue type, age, and functional goal. Although most decellularization protocols significantly reduce immunogenicity and deliver a matrix that maintains the tissue macrostructure, suboptimal decellularization can change ECM composition and microstructure, which affects the biomechanical properties of the tissue and consequently changes cell-matrix interactions and organ function. Herein, we review methods of decellularization, with particular emphasis on cardiac tissue, and how they can affect the biomechanics of the tissue, which in turn determines success of reseeding and in vivo viability. Moreover, we review recent developments in decellularized ECM-derived cardiac biomaterials and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Hanifah K L Hendricks
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Sirin N Cakir
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Zhang X, Chen X, Hong H, Hu R, Liu J, Liu C. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:15-31. [PMID: 34901526 PMCID: PMC8637010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues. Fortunately, the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components. The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Herein, we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells (recellularized scaffolds) in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiashang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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He SK, Ning LJ, Hu RN, Yao X, Cui J, Ding W, Luo JC, Qin TW. Segmentally Demineralized Cortical Bone With Stem Cell-Derived Matrix Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Stem Cells in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:776884. [PMID: 35155445 PMCID: PMC8826562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.776884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study has shown that demineralized cortical bone (DCB) did not improve the healing of tendon-bone interface. Considering that there is a gradient of mineral content in the tendon-bone interface, we designed a segmentally demineralized cortical bone (sDCB) scaffold with two different regions: undemineralized cortical bone section within the scaffold (sDCB-B) and complete demineralized cortical bone section within the scaffold (sDCB-D), to mimic the natural structure of the tendon-bone interface. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix (ECM) from tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) was used to modify the sDCB-D region of sDCB to construct a novel scaffold (sDCB-ECM) for enhancing the bioactivity of the sDCB-D. The surface topography, elemental distribution, histological structure, and surface elastic modulus of the scaffold were observed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histological staining and atomic force microscopy. Cell proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and TDSCs cultured on scaffolds was evaluated using the Cell Counting kit-8, and cell viability was assessed by Live/Dead cell staining. Cell morphology was detected by fluorescent staining. The ability of the scaffolds to recruit stem cells was tested using transwell migration assay. The expression levels of bone-, cartilage- and tendon-related genes and proteins in stem cells were assessed by the polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that there was a gradient of Ca and P elements in sDCB, and TDSC-derived ECM existed on the surface of the sDCB-D region of sDCB. The sDCB-ECM could promote stem cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the sDCB-B region of sDCB-ECM could stimulate osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and the sDCB-D-ECM region of sDCB-ECM could stimulate chondrogenic and tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs when compared to DCB. Our study indicated that sDCB-ECM might be a potential bioscaffold to enhance the tendon-bone interface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kun He
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ju Ning
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Wu Qin,
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7
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Gao C, Sow WT, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang D, Lee BH, Matičić D, Fang L, Li H, Zhang C. Hydrogel composite scaffolds with an attenuated immunogenicity component for bone tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2033-2041. [PMID: 33587079 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic bones are potential templates for bone regeneration. In this study, decellularized porcine bone powder with attenuated immunogenicity was incorporated into a photocurable hydrogel, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), to obtain scaffolds with good mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering. The decellularized bone powder (DCB)-GelMA hybrid scaffolds had higher compressive strength and stiffness values when the DCB content was increased. In vitro evaluations revealed the biocompatibility of these scaffolds. The scaffolds could induce human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of an induction medium. The efficiency of the scaffolds for bone regeneration applications was further evaluated using an in vivo cranial bone defect model in rats. Micro-CT images showed that the hybrid scaffolds with 20% DCB content had the best effect in promoting new bone regeneration. Thus, it was concluded that the DCB-GelMA hybrid scaffolds have high potential in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China. and Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China
| | - Wan Ting Sow
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yili Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - DraŽen Matičić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Lian Fang
- ENT Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China. and Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, P. R. China
| | - Chunwu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
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8
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Amini Z, Lari R. A systematic review of decellularized allograft and xenograft–derived scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2021; 69:101494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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He SK, Ning LJ, Yao X, Hu RN, Cui J, Zhang Y, Ding W, Luo JC, Qin TW. Hierarchically Demineralized Cortical Bone Combined With Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Regeneration of the Tendon-Bone Interface. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1323-1332. [PMID: 33667131 DOI: 10.1177/0363546521994511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor healing of the tendon-bone interface after rotator cuff repair is one of the main causes of surgical failure. Previous studies demonstrated that demineralized cortical bone (DCB) could improve healing of the enthesis. PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes of hierarchically demineralized cortical bone (hDCB) coated with stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (hDCB-ECM) in the repair of the rotator cuff in a rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) were isolated, cultured, and identified. Then, hDCB was prepared by the graded demineralization procedure. Finally, hDCB-ECM was fabricated via 2-week cell culture and decellularization, and the morphologic features and biochemical compositions of the hDCB-ECM were evaluated. A total of 24 rabbits (48 samples) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, DCB, hDCB, and hDCB-ECM. All rabbits underwent bilateral detachment of the infraspinatus tendon, and the tendon-bone interface was repaired with or without scaffolds. After surgery, 8 rabbits were assessed by immunofluorescence staining at 2 weeks, and the others were assessed by micro-computed tomography (CT) examination, immunohistochemical staining, histological staining, and biomechanical testing at 12 weeks. RESULTS TDSCs were identified to have universal stem cell characteristics including cell markers, clonogenicity, and multilineage differentiation. The hDCB-ECM contained 3 components (bone, partial DCB, and DCB coated with ECM) with a gradient of calcium and phosphorus elements, and the ECM had stromal cell-derived factor 1, biglycan, and fibromodulin. Macroscopic observations demonstrated the absence of infection and rupture around the enthesis. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that hDCB-ECM promoted stromal cell recruitment. Results of micro-CT analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and histological staining showed that hDCB-ECM enhanced bone and fibrocartilage formation at the tendon-bone interface. Biomechanical analysis showed that the hDCB-ECM group had higher ultimate tensile stress and Young modulus than the DCB group. CONCLUSION The administration of hDCB-ECM promoted healing of the tendon-bone interface. CLINICAL RELEVANCE hDCB-ECM could provide useful information for the design of scaffolds to repair the tendon-bone interface, and further studies are needed to determine its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kun He
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang-Ju Ning
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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10
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Tao M, Ao T, Mao X, Yan X, Javed R, Hou W, Wang Y, Sun C, Lin S, Yu T, Ao Q. Sterilization and disinfection methods for decellularized matrix materials: Review, consideration and proposal. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2927-2945. [PMID: 33732964 PMCID: PMC7930362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms, while disinfection is the process of killing or removing all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores. Biomaterials involved in cell experiments, animal experiments, and clinical applications need to be in the aseptic state, but their physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities can be affected by sterilization or disinfection. Decellularized matrix (dECM) is the low immunogenicity material obtained by removing cells from tissues, which retains many inherent components in tissues such as proteins and proteoglycans. But there are few studies concerning the effects of sterilization or disinfection on dECM, and the systematic introduction of sterilization or disinfection for dECM is even less. Therefore, this review systematically introduces and analyzes the mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various sterilization and disinfection methods, discusses the factors influencing the selection of sterilization and disinfection methods, summarizes the sterilization and disinfection methods for various common dECM, and finally proposes a graphical route for selecting an appropriate sterilization or disinfection method for dECM and a technical route for validating the selected method, so as to provide the reference and basis for choosing more appropriate sterilization or disinfection methods of various dECM. Asepsis is the prerequisite for the experiment and application of biomaterials. Sterilization or disinfection affects physic-chemical properties of biomaterials. Mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of sterilization or disinfection methods. Factors influencing the selection of sterilization or disinfection methods. Selection of sterilization or disinfection methods for decellularized matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihan Tao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianrang Ao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinzhu Yan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weijian Hou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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