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Getova VE, Pinheiro-Machado E, Harmsen MC, Burgess JK, Smink AM. The role of extracellular matrix hydrogels and adipose-derived stromal cells in soft tissue vascularization - A systematic review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 164:213986. [PMID: 39151272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels loaded with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) or their conditioned medium (ASC CM) present a promising and versatile treatment approach for tissue vascularization and regeneration. These hydrogels are easy to produce, store, personalize, manipulate, and deliver to the target tissue. This literature review aimed to investigate the applications of dECM hydrogels with ASC or ASC CM for in vivo tissue vascularization. Fourteen experimental studies have been reviewed using vessel density as the primary outcome parameter for in vivo vascularization. The studies consistently reported an increased efficacy in augmenting angiogenesis by the ASC or ASC CM-loaded hydrogels compared to untreated controls. However, this systematic review shows the need to standardize procedures and characterization, particularly of the final administered product(s). The findings from these experimental studies highlight the potential of dECM hydrogel with ASC or ASC CM in novel tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilena E Getova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erika Pinheiro-Machado
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang G, Zhang Z, Cao G, Jin Q, Xu L, Li J, Liu Z, Xu C, Le Y, Fu Y, Ju J, Li B, Hou R. Engineered dermis loaded with confining forces promotes full-thickness wound healing by enhancing vascularisation and epithelialisation. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:464-478. [PMID: 37657662 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin is ideal for clinical wound repair. Restoration of skin tissue defects using tissue-engineered skin remains a challenge owing to insufficient vascularisation. In our previous study, we developed a 3D bioprinted model with confined force loading and demonstrated that the confined force can affect vascular branching, which is regulated by the YAP signalling pathway. The mechanical properties of the model must be optimised to suture the wound edges. In this study, we explored the ability of a GelMA-HAMA-fibrin scaffold to support the confined forces created by 3D bioprinting and promote vascularisation and wound healing. The shape of the GelMA-HAMA-fibrin scaffold containing 3% GelMA was affected by the confined forces produced by the embedded cells. The GelMA-HAMA-fibrin scaffold was easy to print, had optimal mechanical properties, and was biocompatible. The constructs were successfully sutured together after 14 d of culture. Scaffolds seeded with cells were transplanted into skin tissue defects in nude mice, demonstrating that the cell-seeded GelMA-HAMA-fibrin scaffold, under confined force loading, promoted neovascularisation and wound restoration by enhancing blood vessel connections, creating a patterned surface, growth factors, and collagen deposition. These results provide further insights into the production of hydrogel composite materials as tissue-engineered scaffolds under an internal mechanical load that can enhance vascularisation and offer new treatment methods for wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue-engineered skin is ideal for use in clinical wound repair. However, treatment of tissue defects using synthetic scaffolds remains challenging, mainly due to slow and insufficient vascularization. Our previous study developed a 3D bioprinted model with confined force loading, and demonstrated that confined force can affect vascular branching regulated by the YAP signal pathway. The mechanical properties of the construct need to be optimized for suturing to the edges of wounds. Here, we investigated the ability of a GelMA-HAMA-fibrin scaffold to support the confined forces created by 3D bioprinting and promote vascularization in vitro and wound healing in vivo. Our findings provide new insight into the development of degradable macroporous composite materials with mechanical stimulation as tissue-engineered scaffolds with enhanced vascularization, and also provide new treatment options for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Gaobiao Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China
| | - Qianheng Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jihui Ju
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Teaching Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| | - Ruixing Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 5 Tayun Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Teaching Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Masson-Meyers DS, Tabatabaei F, Steinhaus L, Toth JM, Tayebi L. Development of fibroblast/endothelial cell-seeded collagen scaffolds for in vitro prevascularization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:633-645. [PMID: 36262080 PMCID: PMC10585651 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of vascularized scaffolds remains one of the major challenges in tissue engineering, and co-culturing with endothelial cells is known as one of the possible approaches for this purpose. In this approach, optimization of cell culture conditions, scaffolds, and fabrication techniques is needed to develop tissue equivalents that will enable in vitro formation of a capillary network. Prevascularized equivalents will be more physiologically comparable to the native tissues and potentially prevent insufficient vascularization after implantation. This study aimed to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), alone or in co-culture with fibroblasts, on collagen scaffolds prepared by simple fabrication approaches for in vitro prevascularization. Different concentrations and ratios of HUVECs and fibroblasts seeded on collagen gel and sponge scaffolds under several culture conditions were examined. Cell viability, scaffolds morphology, and structure were analyzed. Collagen gel scaffolds showed good cell proliferation and viability, with higher proliferation rates for cells cultured in a 2:1 (fibroblasts: HUVECs) ratio and kept in endothelial cell growth medium. However, these matrices were unable to support endothelial cell sprouting. Collagen sponges were highly porous and showed good cell viability. However, they became fragile over time in culture, and they still lack signs of vascularization. Collagen scaffolds were a good platform for cell growth and viability. However, under the experimental conditions of this study, the HUVEC/fibroblast-seeded scaffolds were not suitable platforms to generate in vitro prevascularized equivalents. Our findings will be a valuable starting point to optimize culture microenvironments and scaffolds during fabrication of prevascularized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lane Steinhaus
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Toth
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Masson-Meyers DS, Bertassoni LE, Tayebi L. Oral mucosa equivalents, prevascularization approaches, and potential applications. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:514-529. [PMID: 35132918 PMCID: PMC9357199 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2035375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucosa equivalents (OMEs) have been used as in vitro models (eg, for studies of human oral mucosa biology and pathology, toxicological and pharmacological tests of oral care products), and clinically to treat oral defects. However, the human oral mucosa is a highly vascularized tissue and implantation of large OMEs can fail due to a lack of vascularization. To develop equivalents that better resemble the human oral mucosa and increase the success of implantation to repair large-sized defects, efforts have been made to prevascularize these constructs. PURPOSE The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the human oral mucosa structure, common approaches for its reconstruction, and the development of OMEs, their prevascularization, and in vitro and clinical potential applications. STUDY SELECTION Articles on non-prevascularized and prevascularized OMEs were included, since the development and applications of non-prevascularized OMEs are a foundation for the design, fabrication, and optimization of prevascularized OMEs. CONCLUSIONS Several studies have reported the development and in vitro and clinical applications of OMEs and only a few were found on prevascularized OMEs using different approaches of fabrication and incorporation of endothelial cells, indicating a lack of standardized protocols to obtain these equivalents. However, these studies have shown the feasibility of prevascularizing OMEs and their implantation in animal models resulted in enhanced integration and healing. Vascularization in tissue equivalents is still a challenge, and optimization of cell culture conditions, biomaterials, and fabrication techniques along with clinical studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University. Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Peters K, Wiesmann N, Heimes D, Schwab R, Kämmerer PW, Al-Nawas B, Unger RE, Hasenburg A, Brenner W. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Improves In Vitro Formation of Multilayered Epithelium of Oral Mucosa Equivalents. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030700. [PMID: 35327502 PMCID: PMC8945876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosa is used in various surgical fields as a graft for the reconstruction of tissue defects. Tissue engineering of oral mucosa equivalents using autologous cells represents a suitable less burdensome alternative. The survival of the multilayered epithelium is essential for the functionality of the tissues in vivo. To ensure its functionality after transplantation, mucosa equivalents in vitro were subjected to extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to determine whether this treatment stimulated the formation and differentiation of the epithelium. Mucosa equivalents treated with ESWT were examined for cellular metabolic activity using AlamarBlueTM assay. The formation of vascular structures, basement membrane, and multilayered epithelium were examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The potential ingrowth in vivo was simulated using the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM assay) in ovo. ESWT on culture day 19 of oral mucosa equivalents resulted in slightly increased cellular metabolic activity. The in vitro development of basement membrane and multilayer epithelium was stimulated by ESWT. Additionally, in the CAM assay, ESWT led to a more pronounced multilayered epithelium. Thus, ESWT stimulated the formation of a more distinct and differentiated multilayered epithelium of oral mucosa equivalents in vitro and might increase the chance of efficient ingrowth, survival, and functionality of tissue equivalents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.P.); (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.W.); (D.H.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Heimes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.W.); (D.H.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Roxana Schwab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.P.); (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Peer W. Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.W.); (D.H.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.W.); (D.H.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.P.); (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.P.); (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-2740
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Masson-Meyers DS, Tayebi L. Vascularization strategies in tissue engineering approaches for soft tissue repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:747-762. [PMID: 34058083 DOI: 10.1002/term.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization during tissue repair is often associated with poor clinical outcomes. This is a concern especially when patients have critical-sized injuries, where the size of the defect restricts vascularity, or even in small defects that have to be treated under special conditions, such as after radiation therapy (relevant to tumor resection) that hinders vascularity. In fact, poor vascularization is one of the major obstacles for clinical application of tissue engineering methods in soft tissue repair. As a key issue, lack of graft integration, caused by inadequate vascularization after implantation, can lead to graft failure. Moreover, poor vascularization compromises the viability of cells seeded in deep portions of scaffolds/graft materials, due to hypoxia and insufficient nutrient supply. In this article we aim to review vascularization strategies employed in tissue engineering techniques to repair soft tissues. For this purpose, we start by providing a brief overview of the main events during the physiological wound healing process in soft tissues. Then, we discuss how tissue repair can be achieved through tissue engineering, and considerations with regards to the choice of scaffold materials, culture conditions, and vascularization techniques. Next, we highlight the importance of vascularization, along with strategies and methods of prevascularization of soft tissue equivalents, particularly cell-based prevascularization. Lastly, we present a summary of commonly used in vitro methods during the vascularization of tissue-engineered soft tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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