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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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2
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Huang CY, Cheng YJ, Ho HM, Huang CH, Huang MH. One-pot amphiphilic engineering of bioresorbable polymers for constructing colloidal vesicles and prolonging protein delivery. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Liyanage ADT, Chen AJ, Puleo DA. Biodegradable Simvastatin-Containing Polymeric Prodrugs with Improved Drug Release. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4193-4199. [PMID: 30631799 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin was previously converted to a polymeric prodrug with higher drug loading, but the hydrophobic nature of the poly(simvastatin) component of the block copolymer led to slow release of the drug in vitro. In this study, we hypothesized that degradation could be accelerated by chemically modifying the polymer backbone by introducing glycolide and lactide comonomers. Copolymers were formed by ring-opening polymerization using 5 kDa monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) as the microinitiator in presence of triazabicyclodecene catalyst. In addition to simvastatin, modified reaction mixtures contained lactide or glycolide. Incorporation of the less hydrophobic glycolide comonomer led to in vitro degradation of up to two times greater mass loss, release of up to ~7 times more simvastatin, and a 2-3 times increase in compressive modulus compared to the lactide-containing and parent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Thilanga Liyanage
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, 522 Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexander J Chen
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, 522 Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David A Puleo
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, 522 Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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4
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Abstract
In aesthetic medicine, during a course of skin whitening treatment, injections must be frequently administered to achieve a strong curative effect. To develop a method to prevent long-term harm due to injections, this study applied a novel technology for the delivery of whitening agents that achieved long-term slow release of agents, thereby reducing the danger of frequent injections. We utilized biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and Span 85 as surfactants and squalene as the core oil to encapsulate and adsorb tranexamic acid in emulsified particles, respectively. The conductivity test determined that the continuous phase of the obtained emulsified particles was aqueous; tranexamic acid did not play a critical role because of its low content. The controlled release experiment demonstrated that the release rate of tranexamic acid from the emulsified matrix was in the sequence of (1) adsorption, (2) encapsulation plus adsorption, and (3) encapsulation. Encapsulating tranexamic acid can efficiently halt the behavior of sudden release and potentially boost the efficacy of whitening.
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5
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Pramanik SK, Seneca S, Peters M, D'Olieslaeger L, Reekmans G, Vanderzande D, Adriaensens P, Ethirajan A. Morphology-dependent pH-responsive release of hydrophilic payloads using biodegradable nanocarriers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36869-36878. [PMID: 35558930 PMCID: PMC9088891 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional nanocarriers with stimuli-responsive properties has advanced tremendously to serve biomedical applications such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine. However, the development of biodegradable nanocarriers that can be loaded with hydrophilic compounds and ensure its controlled release in response to changes in the surrounding environment still remains very challenging. Herein, we achieved such demands via the preparation of aqueous core nanocapsules using a base-catalyzed interfacial reaction employing a diisocyanate monomer and functional monomers/polymers containing thiol and hydroxyl functionalities at the droplet interface. pH-responsive poly(thiourethane–urethane) nanocarriers with ester linkages were synthesized by incorporating polycaprolactone diol, which is susceptible to hydrolytic degradation via ester linkages, as a functional monomer in the reaction formulation. We could demonstrate that by systematically varying the number of biodegradable segments, the morphology of the nanocarriers can be tuned without imparting the efficient encapsulation of hydrophilic payload (>85% encapsulation efficiency) and its transfer from organic to aqueous phase. The developed nanocarriers allow for a fast release of hydrophilic payload that depends on pH, the number of biodegradable segments and nanocarrier morphology. Succinctly put, this study provides important information to develop pH-responsive nanocarriers with tunable morphology, using interfacial reactions in the inverse miniemulsion process, by controlling the number of degradable segments to adjust the release profile depending on the type of application envisaged. The morphology and release properties of aqueous core nanocapsules for the pH-responsive release of hydrophilic payload was investigated by systematically varying the number of biodegradable segments.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Senne Seneca
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Martijn Peters
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Lien D'Olieslaeger
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Gunter Reekmans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Belgium
- IMEC
- Associated Lab IMOMEC
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Chandanabodhi D, Nanok T. A DFT study of the ring-opening polymerization mechanism of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone using aluminium salen-type initiators: Towards an understanding of their reactivities in homo- and copolymerization. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Emulsifying properties and degradation characteristics of bioresorbable polymeric emulsifiers in aqueous solution and oil-in-water emulsion. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Huang CH, Huang CY, Cheng CP, Dai SH, Chen HW, Leng CH, Chong P, Liu SJ, Huang MH. Degradable emulsion as vaccine adjuvant reshapes antigen-specific immunity and thereby ameliorates vaccine efficacy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36732. [PMID: 27827451 PMCID: PMC5101498 DOI: 10.1038/srep36732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the feasibility and adjuvant mechanism of a degradable emulsion for tuning adaptive immune responses to a vaccine antigen. We featured a mouse model with ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen to deepen our understanding of the properties of a degradable emulsion-based adjuvant, dubbed PELC, interacting with immune cells and to elucidate their roles in vaccine immunogenicity in vivo. First, we demonstrated that the emulsion, which is stabilized by an amphiphilic bioresorbable polymer, shows degradation in mimic human body conditions and considerable tolerance in vivo. Then, we confirmed the model protein could be loaded into the emulsion and released from the matrix in a sustained manner, subsequently driving the production of antigen-specific antibodies. We also comprehended that PELC not only recruits antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the injection site but also induces the activation of the recruited APCs and migration to the draining lymph nodes. As an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, PELC-formulated OVA could strongly enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses as well as anti-tumor ability with respected to non-formulated OVA, using OVA protein/EG7 cells as a tumor antigen/tumor cell model. Accordingly, our data paved the way for the clinical application of degradable emulsions based on amphiphilic bioresorbable polymers as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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9
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Chimeric peptide containing both B and T cells epitope of tumor-associated antigen L6 enhances anti-tumor effects in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Cancer Lett 2016; 377:126-33. [PMID: 27130449 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptides are attractive for cancer immunotherapy because of their safety and flexibility. In this report, we identified a new B cell epitope of tumor-associated antigen L6 (TAL6) that could induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vivo. We incorporated the B cell epitope with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and a helper T (Th) epitope to form a chimeric long peptide. We formulated the chimeric peptide with different adjuvants to immunize HLA-A2 transgenic mice and evaluate their immunogenicity. The chimeric peptide formulated with an emulsion type nanoparticle (PELC) adjuvant and a toll-like receptor 9 agonist (CpG ODN) (PELC/CpG) induced the greatest ADCC and CTL responses. The induced anti-tumor immunity inhibited the growth of TAL6-positive cancer cells. Moreover, we observed that immunization with the chimeric peptide inhibited cancer cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. These data suggest that a chimeric peptide containing both B and T cell epitopes of TAL6 formulated with PELC/CpG adjuvant is feasible for cancer immunotherapy.
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10
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Kamaly N, Yameen B, Wu J, Farokhzad OC. Degradable Controlled-Release Polymers and Polymeric Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Controlling Drug Release. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2602-63. [PMID: 26854975 PMCID: PMC5509216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1582] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Basit Yameen
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Coumes F, Huang CY, Huang CH, Coudane J, Domurado D, Li S, Darcos V, Huang MH. Design and Development of Immunomodulatory Antigen Delivery Systems Based on Peptide/PEG-PLA Conjugate for Tuning Immunity. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3666-73. [PMID: 26473322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are considered to be a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy. However, a well-designed cancer vaccine should combine a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) with the most effective immunomodulatory agents and/or delivery system to provoke intense immune responses against the TAA. In the present study, we introduced a new approach by conjugating the immunomodulatory molecule LD-indolicidin to the hydrophilic chain end of the polymeric emulsifier poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PEG-PLA), allowing the molecule to be located close to the surface of the resulting emulsion. A peptide/polymer conjugate, named LD-indolicidin-PEG-PLA, was synthesized by conjugation of the amine end-group of LD-indolicidin to the N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated carboxyl end-group of PEG. As an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapeutic use, TAA vaccine candidate formulated with the LD-indolicidin-PEG-PLA-stabilized squalene-in-water emulsion could effectively help to elicit a T helper (Th)1-dominant antigen-specific immune response as well as antitumor ability, using ovalbumin (OVA) protein/EG7 cells as a TAA/tumor cell model. Taken together, these results open up a new approach to the development of immunomodulatory antigen delivery systems for vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Coumes
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, Faculty of Pharmacy , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jean Coudane
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, Faculty of Pharmacy , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Domurado
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, Faculty of Pharmacy , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Suming Li
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, UMR CNRS 5635, University of Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Darcos
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, Faculty of Pharmacy , 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes , 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Disintegration and cancer immunotherapy efficacy of a squalane-in-water delivery system emulsified by bioresorbable poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1686-95. [PMID: 24268203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant is conferred on the substance that helps to enhance antigen-specific immune response. Here we investigated the disintegration characteristics and immunotherapy potency of an emulsified delivery system comprising bioresorbable polymer poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PEG-PLA), phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and metabolizable oil squalane. PEG-PLA-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions show good stability at 4 °C and at room temperature. At 37 °C, squalane/PEG-PLA/PBS emulsion with oil/aqueous weight ratio of 7/3 (denominated PELA73) was stable for 6 weeks without phase separation. As PEG-PLA being degraded, 30% of free oil at the surface layer and 10% of water at the bottom disassociated from the PELA73 emulsion were found after 3 months. A MALDI-TOF MS study directly on the DIOS plate enables us to identify low molecular weight components released during degradation. Our results confirm the loss of PLA moiety of the emulsifier PEG-PLA directly affected the stability of PEG-PLA-stabilized emulsion, leading to emulsion disintegration and squalane/water phase separation. As adjuvant for cancer immunotherapeutic use, an HPV16 E7 peptide antigen formulated with PELA73 plus immunostimulatory CpG molecules could strongly enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses as well as anti-tumor ability with respected to non-formulated or Alum-formulated peptide. Accordingly, these advances may be a potential immunoregulatory strategy in manipulating the immune responses induced by tumor-associated antigens.
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A novel emulsion-type adjuvant containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhances CD8+ T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. J Control Release 2013; 173:158-65. [PMID: 24177312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PELC is a novel emulsion-type adjuvant that contains the bioresorbable polymer poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PLACL), Span®85 and squalene. To investigate whether PELC is able to enhance CTL responses of antigens for treating tumor, peptides or protein antigens derived from HPV16 E7 were formulated with PELC nanoparticles and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. We identified that PELC formulation could delay the release of antigens in vitro and in vivo. We assessed the immunogenicity of an H-2D(b)-restricted CTL epitope RAHYNIVTF (RAH) formulated with PELC or PELC/CpG and investigated the ability of these formulations to promote tumor regression. Following a single-dose subcutaneous injection in mice, we found that the RAH peptide formulated with PELC/CpG (RAH/PELC/CpG) resulted in increased numbers of IFN-γ-secreting cells and RAH-specific CD8(+) T cells and an enhanced cytotoxic T cell response compared with RAH formulated with PELC or CpG alone. The tumor-bearing mice received a single-dose injection of RAH/PELC/CpG, which induced complete tumor regression. These results demonstrated that peptide antigen formulated with PELC/CpG nanoparticles is feasible for cancer immunotherapy.
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14
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Induction of robust immunity by the emulsification of recombinant lipidated dengue-1 envelope protein domain III. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:719-28. [PMID: 23774693 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts have focused on the use of either immunomodulators or antigen delivery systems to obtain an efficacious vaccine. Here, we report a novel approach that combined an immunomodulator and delivery system to enhance antigen association and induce robust immunity. We expressed a recombinant lipidated dengue-1 envelope protein domain III (LD1ED III) and its non-lipidated form, D1ED III, in an Escherichia coli system. The LD1ED III contains a bacterial lipid moiety, which is a potent immunomodulator. We demonstrated that LD1ED III possesses an inherent immunostimulation ability that can activate RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by up-regulating their expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC II, whereas D1ED III could not induce the up-regulation of these molecules. Moreover, combining LD1ED III with a multiphase emulsion system (called PELC) increased the antigen association more than either combining D1ED III with PELC or the antigen alone. Enhanced antigen association has been shown to correlate with stronger T cell responses, greater antibody avidity and improved neutralizing capacity. Our results demonstrate that combining recombinant lipoproteins with PELC improved both the intensity and the quality of the immune response. This approach is a promising strategy for the development of subunit vaccines that induce robust immunity.
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Saroja C, Lakshmi P, Bhaskaran S. Recent trends in vaccine delivery systems: A review. Int J Pharm Investig 2012; 1:64-74. [PMID: 23071924 PMCID: PMC3465129 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.82384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses leading to the production of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions such as malignancies. Alarming safety profile of live vaccines, weak immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potentiate prime doses are few strong reasons, which necessitated the development of new generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to promote effective immunization. Attempts are being made to deliver vaccines through carriers as they control the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune system thus leading to their sustained release and targeting. Hence, lower doses of weak immunogens can be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the need for the administration of prime and booster doses as a part of conventional vaccination regimen. This paper reviews carrier systems such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar systems, ISCOMs, plant-derived viruses which are now being investigated and developed as vaccine delivery systems. This paper also describes various aspects of "needle-free technologies" used to administer the vaccine delivery systems through different routes into the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Saroja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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16
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Yuan H, Bao X, Du YZ, You J, Hu FQ. Preparation and evaluation of SiO2-deposited stearic acid-g-chitosan nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5119-28. [PMID: 23055724 PMCID: PMC3463401 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s35575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Both polymer micelles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been widely researched as vectors for small molecular insoluble drugs. To combine the advantages of copolymers and silica, studies on the preparation of copolymer-silica composites and cellular evaluation were carried out. Methods: First, a stearic acid-g-chitosan (CS-SA) copolymer was synthesized through a coupling reaction, and then silicone oxide (SiO2)-deposited doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded stearic acid-g-chitosan (CS-SA/SiO2/DOX) nanoparticles were prepared through the sol-gel reaction. Physical and chemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, and morphologies were examined, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis was employed to identify the mesoporous structures of the generated nanoparticles. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies were also conducted. Results: CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles with different amounts of SiO2 deposited were obtained, and SAXS studies showed that mesoporous structures existed in the CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles. The mesoporous size of middle-ratio and high-ratio deposited CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles were 4–5 nm and 8–10 nm, respectively. Based on transmission electron microscopy images of CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles, dark rings around the nanoparticles could be observed in contrast with CS-SA/DOX micelles. Furthermore, CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles exhibited faster release behavior in vitro than CS-SA/DOX micelles; cellular uptake research in A549 indicated that the CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles were taken up by A549 cells more rapidly, and that CS-SA/SiO2/DOX nanoparticles entered the cell more easily when the amount of SiO2 was higher. IC50 values of CS-SA/DOX micelles, CS-SA/SiO2/DOX-4, CS-SA/SiO2/DOX-8, and CS-SA/SiO2/DOX-16 nanoparticles against A549 cells measured using the MTT assay were 1.69, 0.93, 0.32, and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: SiO2-deposited stearic acid-g-chitosan organic–inorganic composites show promise as nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs such as DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Chiang CY, Huang MH, Hsieh CH, Chen MY, Liu HH, Tsai JP, Li YS, Chang CY, Liu SJ, Chong P, Leng CH, Chen HW. Dengue-1 envelope protein domain III along with PELC and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides synergistically enhances immune responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1645. [PMID: 22616020 PMCID: PMC3352863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major weaknesses of subunit vaccines are their low immunogenicity and poor efficacy. Adjuvants can help to overcome some of these inherent defects with subunit vaccines. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed water-in-oil-in-water multiphase emulsion system, termed PELC, in potentiating the protective capacity of dengue-1 envelope protein domain III. Unlike aluminum phosphate, dengue-1 envelope protein domain III formulated with PELC plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induced neutralizing antibodies against dengue-1 virus and increased the splenocyte secretion of IFN-γ after in vitro re-stimulation. The induced antibodies contained both the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses. A rapid anamnestic neutralizing antibody response against a live dengue virus challenge was elicited at week 26 after the first immunization. These results demonstrate that PELC plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides broaden the dengue-1 envelope protein domain III-specific immune responses. PELC plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is a promising adjuvant for recombinant protein based vaccination against dengue virus. Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease. Infection of dengue virus can cause clinical manifestations ranging from self-limiting dengue fever to potentially life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. In recent years, dengue has spread to most tropical and subtropical areas, making it a global health concern. Specific approaches for dengue therapy do not exist; the development of a dengue vaccine would represent a major advance in the control of the disease. Currently, no licensed dengue vaccine is available. Subunit vaccines provide a great safety strategy for developing dengue vaccine. However, the major weaknesses of subunit vaccines are low immunogenicity and poor efficacy. Here we employed dengue-1 envelope protein domain III as a model vaccine candidate and described a newly developed water-in-oil-in water multiphase emulsion system to overcome the inherent defect of subunit vaccines. We showed that emulsification of dengue-1 envelope protein domain III and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides synergistically broadened immune responses and potentiated the protective capacity of dengue-1 envelope protein domain III. These results provide valuable information for development of recombinant protein based vaccination against dengue virus and future clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Dengue Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Dengue Vaccines/genetics
- Dengue Vaccines/immunology
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oils/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Hsieh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hung Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jy-Ping Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Li
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HL); (H-WC)
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HL); (H-WC)
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Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:832-864. [PMID: 21769165 PMCID: PMC3136871 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1185] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
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19
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Huang MH, Lin SC, Hsiao CH, Chao HJ, Yang HR, Liao CC, Chuang PW, Wu HP, Huang CY, Leng CH, Liu SJ, Chen HW, Chou AH, Hu AYC, Chong P. Emulsified nanoparticles containing inactivated influenza virus and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides critically influences the host immune responses in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12279. [PMID: 20808862 PMCID: PMC2924384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen sparing and cross-protective immunity are regarded as crucial in pandemic influenza vaccine development. Both targets can be achieved by adjuvantation strategy to elicit a robust and broadened immune response. We assessed the immunogenicity of an inactivated H5N1 whole-virion vaccine (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 NIBRG-14, clade 1) formulated with emulsified nanoparticles and investigated whether it can induce cross-clade protecting immunity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After formulation with PELC, a proprietary water-in-oil-in-water nanoemulsion comprising of bioresorbable polymer/Span(R)85/squalene, inactivated virus was intramuscularly administered to mice in either one-dose or two-dose schedule. We found that the antigen-specific serum antibody responses elicited after two doses of non-adjuvanted vaccine were lower than those observed after a single dose of adjuvanted vaccine, PELC and the conventional alum adjuvant as well. Moreover, 5 microg HA of PELC-formulated inactivated virus were capable of inducing higher antibodies than those obtained from alum-adjuvanted vaccine. In single-dose study, we found that encapsulating inactivated virus into emulsified PELC nanoparticles could induce better antibody responses than those formulated with PELC-adsorbed vaccine. However, the potency was rather reduced when the inactivated virus and CpG (an immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine-guanosine motifs) were co-encapsulated within the emulsion. Finally, the mice who received PELC/CpG(adsorption)-vaccine could easily and quickly reach 100% of seroprotection against a homologous virus strain and effective cross-protection against a heterologous virus strain (A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/2005, clade 2.2). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Encapsulating inactivated H5N1 influenza virus and CpG into emulsified nanoparticles critically influences the humoral responses against pandemic influenza. These results demonstrated that the use of PELC could be as antigen-sparing in preparation for a potential shortage of prophylactic vaccines against local infectious diseases, in particular pandemic influenza. Moreover, the cross-clade neutralizing antibody responses data verify the potential of such adjuvanted H5N1 candidate vaccine as an effective tool in pre-pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsi Huang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chen Lin
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Hsiao
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chao
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ren Yang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Liao
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Chuang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pi Wu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsiang Chou
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
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