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Wei R, Zheng R, Li C, Wang W, Zhang H, Sun Q, Lv J, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhao X. ZrO 2 Superhydrophobic Coating with an Excellent Corrosion Resistance and Stable Degradation Performance on Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:118. [PMID: 38203972 PMCID: PMC10779633 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an energy-saving and high-efficiency green environmental technology. Because of its wide band gap and low light utilization, few studies have been conducted on ZrO2 used as a photocatalytic material. In this paper, a corrosion-resistant superhydrophobic ZrO2 coating was prepared on the surface of Zr-based bulk metallic glass by electrochemical etching. This coating not only showed a better corrosion resistance and easier collection, but also presented a stable degradation performance when combined with H2O2; these characteristics are necessary for photocatalysts to survive under harsh environments. This study provides a new direction for designing superhydrophobic surfaces on bulk metallic glass that possess a functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranfeng Wei
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Zheng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chaojun Li
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qijing Sun
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingwang Lv
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Guoyang Zhang
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiangjin Zhao
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China; (R.W.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (Q.S.); (J.L.)
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Ding G, Wei R, Zheng R, Li C, Wang W, Zhang H, Sun Q, Zhao X, Liu L. Stable superhydrophobic coating on Zr-based bulk metallic glass exhibiting excellent antibacterial property and cytocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113256. [PMID: 36940503 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge in the study of clinical medicine is to reduce the infection rate of implants without affecting cell adhesion and reproduction. For the first time, we prepared a robust and stable superhydrophobic Zn/pDop/SA coating on Zr56Al16Co28 bulk metallic glass by electrodeposition that exhibits a maximum water contact angle of 158° and a sliding angle less than 1°. The growth of the coating micro-nano structure was controlled by changing the electrodeposition process parameters. The coating showed excellent antimicrobial adhesion properties in the environment to avoid bacteria adhesion and can transform from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic in body fluids to promote cell adhesion. The biodegradation of the Zn crystal structure was responsible for the hydrophobic transformation of the coating and the rough surface after biodegradation provided a point of adhesion for the cells. By designing a uniform crater structure on the substrate as an "armour" and co-depositing dopamine into the coating, the coating's wear resistance was greatly improved. The superhydrophobic coating can maintain stable superhydrophobicity in high temperature environment, air and UV irradiation. This study opens new horizons for the surface modification of bulk metallic glass and promotes its application in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Guanzhong Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Ranfeng Wei
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Qijing Sun
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Xiangjin Zhao
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China.
| | - Li Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Shandong 264005, China.
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Biały M, Hasiak M, Łaszcz A. Review on Biocompatibility and Prospect Biomedical Applications of Novel Functional Metallic Glasses. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040245. [PMID: 36412886 PMCID: PMC9680474 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of novel materials for biomedical applications is resulting in an increasingly better prognosis for patients. The application of more advanced materials relates to fewer complications and a desirable higher percentage of successful treatments. New, innovative materials being considered for biomedical applications are metallic alloys with an amorphous internal structure called metallic glasses. They are currently in a dynamic phase of development both in terms of formulating new chemical compositions and testing their properties in terms of intended biocompatibility. This review article intends to synthesize the latest research results in the field of biocompatible metallic glasses to create a more coherent picture of these materials. It summarizes and discusses the most recent findings in the areas of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, in vitro cellular studies, antibacterial properties, and in vivo animal studies. Results are collected mainly for the most popular metallic glasses manufactured as thin films, coatings, and in bulk form. Considered materials include alloys based on zirconium and titanium, as well as new promising ones based on magnesium, tantalum, and palladium. From the properties of the examined metallic glasses, possible areas of application and further research directions to fill existing gaps are proposed.
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Hollingshead S, Siebert H, Wilker JJ, Liu JC. Cytocompatibility of a mussel-inspired poly(lactic acid)-based adhesive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:43-51. [PMID: 34263989 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating catechols into polymers can provide strong adhesion even in moist environments, and these polymers show promise for use in several biomedical applications. Surgical adhesives must have strong bonds, be biocompatible, and function in a moist environment. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has a long history as a biocompatible material for hard tissue device fixation. By combining these concepts, catechol-containing poly(lactic acid) (cPLA) polymers are created that are strongly adhesive and degrade in physiological environments. Here, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of cPLA with iron(III) or periodate (IO4 - ) cross-linkers. Fibroblasts cultured in cPLA leachate or on cPLA films generally had slower growth and lower metabolism compared with PLA controls but no differences in viability. These results demonstrated that cPLA was not cytotoxic but that including catechols reduced cell health. When cPLA was cross-linked with periodate, cells generally had reduced metabolism, slower cell growth, and poor actin fiber formation compared with PLA. These results are attributed to the cytotoxicity of periodate since cells cultured with periodate leachate had extremely low viability. Cells grown on the films of iron-cross-linked cPLA generally had high viability and metabolism but slower proliferation than PLA controls. These results indicate that the cPLA and iron-cross-linked cPLA systems are promising materials for biomedical adhesive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Hollingshead
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather Siebert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan J Wilker
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie C Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Chopra D, Gulati K, Ivanovski S. Towards Clinical Translation: Optimized Fabrication of Controlled Nanostructures on Implant-Relevant Curved Zirconium Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040868. [PMID: 33805290 PMCID: PMC8067134 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anodization enables fabrication of controlled nanotopographies on Ti implants to offer tailorable bioactivity and local therapy. However, anodization of Zr implants to fabricate ZrO2 nanostructures remains underexplored and are limited to the modification of easy-to-manage flat Zr foils, which do not represent the shape of clinically used implants. In this pioneering study, we report extensive optimization of various nanostructures on implant-relevant micro-rough Zr curved surfaces, bringing this technology closer to clinical translation. Further, we explore the use of sonication to remove the top nanoporous layer to reveal the underlying nanotubes. Nano-engineered Zr surfaces can be applied towards enhancing the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of conventional Zr-based implants.
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Sawyer V, Tao X, Dong H, Dashtbozorg B, Li X, Sammons R, Dong HS. Improving the Tribological Properties and Biocompatibility of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass for Potential Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081960. [PMID: 32331294 PMCID: PMC7215332 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (Zr-BMGs) are potentially the next generation of metallic biomaterials for orthopaedic fixation devices and joint implants owing to their attractive bulk material properties. However, their poor tribological properties and long-term biocompatibility present major concerns for orthopaedic applications. To this end, a novel surface modification technology, based on ceramic conversion treatment (CCT) in an oxidising medium between the glass transition temperature and the crystallisation temperature, has been developed to convert the surface of commercially available Zr44Ti11Cu10Ni11Be25 (Vitreloy 1b) BMG into ceramic layers. The engineered surfaces were fully characterised by in-situ X-ray diffraction, glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical, chemical, and tribological properties were evaluated respectively by nano-indentation, electrochemical corrosion testing, tribological testing and the potential biocompatibility assessed by a cell proliferation assay. The results have demonstrated that after CCT at 350 °C for 40 h and at 380 °C for 4.5 h the original surfaces were converted into to a uniform 35–55-nm-thick oxide layer (with significantly reduced Ni and Cu concentration) followed by a 200–400-nm-thick oxygen-diffusion hardened case. The surface nano hardness was increased from 7.75 ± 0.36 to 18.32 ± 0.21 GPa, the coefficient of friction reduced from 0.5–0.6 to 0.1–0.2 and the wear resistance improved by more than 60 times. After 24 h of contact, SAOS-2 human osteoblast-like cells had increased surface coverage from 18% for the untreated surface to 46% and 54% for the 350 °C/40 h and 380 °C/4.5 h treated surfaces, respectively. The significantly improved tribological properties and biocompatibility have shown the potential of the ceramic conversion treated Zr-BMG for orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sawyer
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Xiao Tao
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Huan Dong
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - Behnam Dashtbozorg
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel Sammons
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Han-Shan Dong
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Application of Zr and Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses for Orthopaedic and Dental Device Materials. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional orthopaedic and dental device materials are made of metallic materials such as stainless steel (SUS316L), titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr). Those materials have the disadvantage of mechanical properties and anti-corrosion behavior. Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), which are also called amorphous alloys, are metallic materials with metastable glassy states and have a higher strength, higher elasticity, higher failure resistance, and lower Young’s modulus compared with crystalline alloys. There are several types of BMGs. Among them, Zr-based BMGs and Ti-based BMGs have excellent mechanical properties. In addition, they have good corrosion resistance and are promising for orthopaedic and dental device materials. In this review article, in vitro and in vivo studies regarding Zr and Ti-based BMGs applications as biomaterials, especially in orthopaedic and dental device materials, are reviewed.
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Ida H, Seiryu M, Takeshita N, Iwasaki M, Yokoyama Y, Tsutsumi Y, Ikeda E, Sasaki S, Miyashita S, Sasaki S, Fukunaga T, Deguchi T, Takano-Yamamoto T. Biosafety, stability, and osteogenic activity of novel implants made of Zr 70Ni 16Cu 6Al 8 bulk metallic glass for biomedical application. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:505-517. [PMID: 29772348 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Superior mechanical and chemical properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 bulk metallic glass (BMG) demonstrate its promise as a novel biomaterial for fabrication of implants. The aim of the present study was to validate mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG through comparison with titanium (Ti). Our data indicated higher tensile strength, lower Young's modulus, and reduced metal ion release of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG compared with Ti. Biosafety of bone marrow mesenchymal cells on Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG was comparable to that of Ti. Next, screw-type implant prototypes made of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG were fabricated and inserted into rat long bones. Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants indicated a higher removal-torque value and lower Periotest value compared with Ti implants. In addition, higher amounts of new bone formation and osseointegration were observed around Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants compared with Ti implants. Moreover, gene expression analysis displayed higher expression of osteoblast- and osteoclast-associated genes in the Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG group compared with the Ti group. Importantly, loading to implants upregulated bone formation, as well as osteoblast- and osteoclast-associated gene expression in the peri-implant area. No significant difference in concentrations of Ni, Al, Cu, and Zr in various organs was shown between in the Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG and Ti groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG is suitable for fabricating novel implants with superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, stability, and biosafety compared with Ti. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Titanium is widely used to fabricate orthopedic and dental implants. However, Titanium has disadvantages for biomedical applications in regard to strength, elasticity, and biosafety. Recently, we developed a novel hypoeutectic Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG, which has superior mechanical and chemical properties. However, the validity of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG for biomedical application has not been cleared. The aim of the present study was to validate the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG for biomedical applications through comparison with Titanium. The present study clarifies that Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and osteogenic activity, which are necessary features for biomedical applications. The present study provides for the first time the superiority of Zr70Ni16Cu6Al8 BMG implants to Titanium implants for biomedical applications.
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On the Potential of Bulk Metallic Glasses for Dental Implantology: Case Study on Ti 40Zr 10Cu 36Pd 14. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020249. [PMID: 29415490 PMCID: PMC5848946 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) appears very attractive for future biomedical applications thanks to its high glass forming ability, the absence of toxic elements such as Ni, Al or Be and its good mechanical properties. For the first time, a complete and exhaustive characterization of a unique batch of this glassy alloy was performed, together with ISO standard mechanical tests on machined implant-abutment assemblies. The results were compared to the benchmark Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra-Low-Interstitial) to assess its potential in dental implantology. The thermal stability, corrosion and sterilization resistance, cytocompatibility and mechanical properties were measured on samples with a simple geometry, but also on implant-abutment assemblies’ prototypes. Results show that the glassy alloy exhibits a quite high thermal stability, with a temperature range of 38 °C between the glass transition and crystallization, a compressive strength of 2 GPa, a certain plastic deformation (0.7%), a hardness of 5.5 GPa and a toughness of 56 MPa.√m. Moreover, the alloy shows a relatively lower Young’s modulus (96 GPa) than the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (110–115 GPa), which is beneficial to limit bone stress shielding. The BMG shows a satisfactory cytocompatibility, a high resistance to sterilization and a good corrosion resistance (corrosion potential of −0.07 V/SCE and corrosion current density of 6.0 nA/cm2), which may ensure its use as a biomaterial. Tests on dental implants reveal a load to failure 1.5-times higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V and a comparable fatigue limit. Moreover, implants could be machined and sandblasted by methods usually conducted for titanium implants, without significant degradation of their amorphous nature. All these properties place this metallic glass among a promising class of materials for mechanically-challenging applications such as dental implants.
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Lin C, Chen C, Huang Y, Huang C, Huang J, Jang J, Lin Y. In-vivo investigations and cytotoxicity tests on Ti/Zr-based metallic glasses with various Cu contents. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Salomão PMA, de Oliveira FA, Rodrigues PD, Al-Ahj LP, Gasque KCDS, Jeggle P, Buzalaf MAR, de Oliveira RC, Edwardson JM, Magalhães AC. The cytotoxic effect of TiF4 and NaF on fibroblasts is influenced by the experimental model, fluoride concentration and exposure time. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179471. [PMID: 28614381 PMCID: PMC5470716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) has shown promising effect in preventing tooth lesions. Therefore, we compared the cytotoxicity of TiF4 with sodium fluoride (NaF) (already applied in Dentistry) considering different fluoride concentrations, pH values and experimental models. Materials and methods Step 1) NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to mediums containing NaF or TiF4 (from 0.15 to 2.45% F), both at native and adjusted pH, for 6 h. Step 2) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnishes with 0.95, 1.95 or 2.45% F (native pH), for 6, 12 or 24 h. We applied MTT (1st and 2nd steps) and Hoescht/PI stain (2nd step) assays. Step 3) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), at native pH, for 6 or 12 h. The cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results Step 1) All cells exposed to NaF or TiF4 mediums died, regardless of the F concentration and pH. Step 2) Both varnishes, at 1.90 and 2.45% F, reduced cell viability by similar extents (33–86% at 6 h, 35–93% at 12 h, and 87–98% at 24 h) compared with control, regardless of the type of fluoride. Varnishes with 0.95% F did not differ from control. Step 3) TiF4 and NaF reduced cell stiffness to a similar extent, but only TiF4 differed from control at 6 h. Conclusions Based on the results of the 3 experimental steps, we conclude that TiF4 and NaF have similar cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on F concentration and exposure time. This result gives support for testing the effect of TiF4 varnish in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Danielle Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Polioni Al-Ahj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pia Jeggle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Degradation of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses used in load-bearing implants: A tribocorrosion appraisal. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Li HF, Zheng YF. Recent advances in bulk metallic glasses for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:1-20. [PMID: 27045349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With a continuously increasing aging population and the improvement of living standards, large demands of biomaterials are expected for a long time to come. Further development of novel biomaterials, that are much safer and of much higher quality, in terms of both biomedical and mechanical properties, are therefore of great interest for both the research scientists and clinical surgeons. Compared with the conventional crystalline metallic counterparts, bulk metallic glasses have unique amorphous structures, and thus exhibit higher strength, lower Young's modulus, improved wear resistance, good fatigue endurance, and excellent corrosion resistance. For this purpose, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have recently attracted much attention for biomedical applications. This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances of bulk metallic glasses, including Ti-based, Zr-based, Fe-based, Mg-based, Zn-based, Ca-based and Sr-based alloying systems for biomedical applications. Future research directions will move towards overcoming the brittleness, increasing the glass forming ability (GFA) thus obtaining corresponding bulk metallic glasses with larger sizes, removing/reducing toxic elements, and surface modifications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), also known as amorphous alloys or liquid metals, are relative newcomers in the field of biomaterials. They have gained increasing attention during the past decades, as they exhibit an excellent combination of properties and processing capabilities desired for versatile biomedical implant applications. The present work reviewed the recent developments and advances of biomedical BMGs, including Ti-based, Zr-based, Fe-based, Mg-based, Zn-based, Ca-based and Sr-based BMG alloying systems. Besides, the critical analysis and in-depth discussion on the current status, challenge and future development of biomedical BMGs are included. The possible solution to the BMG size limitation, the brittleness of BMGs has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y F Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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14
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Effect of anodization on the surface characteristics and electrochemical behaviour of zirconium in artificial saliva. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:458-66. [PMID: 26952447 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper is focused on elaboration of ZrO2 films on pure zirconium via anodizing in phosphoric acid with and without fluoride at constant potentials of 30 V and 60 V. The structure and composition of the films were investigated using scanning electronic microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The composition of the oxides formed at both potentials can be identified as monoclinic ZrO2. In addition to Zr and O, the layers formed in phosphoric acid contain phosphorus originating from the phosphoric acid. When the phosphoric acid solution contains NaF, fluorine is also incorporated into the oxide layer. The oxides formed at a higher voltage have greater roughness than those formed at 30 V. Anodized samples exhibit smaller current densities during anodic polarization compared to the as-received zirconium covered with native oxide.
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Effects of Cu content on electrochemical response in Ti-based metallic glasses under simulated body fluid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:368-76. [PMID: 26952435 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systematic characterization of the corrosion response of the Cu-free Ti45Zr40Si15 and Cu-containing Ti40Zr40Si15-Cu5 and Ti45Zr20-Cu35 metallic glasses (MGs) in the Hank's solution is conducted, in terms of the open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, as well as electrochemical impedance measurements. The Cu role in the Ti-based MGs, tentatively to be applied for bio-implants, is established and modeled. The presence of nobler Cu will impose two opposite effects. The minor positive effect of minor shift of Ecorr is not a major issue, but the negative effect on local pitting and ion release would cause a major drawback. The ICP-MS indicates that the release of Cu ions increases with increasing Cu content. For more promising anti-pitting ability, the Cu content in Ti-based MGs should be kept as low as possible, better to be none or less than about 5 at.%.
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16
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Brennan MJ, Meredith HJ, Jenkins CL, Wilker JJ, Liu JC. Cytocompatibility studies of a biomimetic copolymer with simplified structure and high-strength adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:983-90. [PMID: 26714824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jane Brennan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Heather J. Meredith
- School of Materials Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | | | - Jonathan J. Wilker
- School of Materials Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Julie C. Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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17
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Miller F, Hinze U, Chichkov B, Leibold W, Lenarz T, Paasche G. Validation of eGFP fluorescence intensity for testing in vitro cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:715-722. [PMID: 26699416 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ISO 10993-5 provides one of the accepted standards for testing the biotoxicity of new materials. All of the recommended test procedures rely upon the uptake or metabolism of dye by living cells. Results of direct contact tests can be potentially compromised by interaction or adsorption of the dye or its metabolic products. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to validate the use of the eGFP signal of transfected NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with the results of the MTT test in order to provide a test procedure that is very close to the ISO 10993-5 but has the advantage of not relying on the addition of dye. Our tests show that the MTT assay detects cytotoxicity in the eGFP NIH-3T3 cells at least as well as in the L929 cells. To facilitate the validation, we chose to integrate the fluorescence measurements into the MTT test procedure. To that end, an additional washing step was introduced. Additionally, medium without phenol red was used, resulting in a very high correlation of both measurements. Without these modifications, the fluorescence test was comparable to the MTT test in its ability to detect the cytotoxic potential of substances; however, it did result in slightly elevated IC50 concentrations. As the results of both tests correlated highly, measurement of the eGFP signal appears to present a reliable tool for detecting cytotoxicity of materials in line with the ISO 10993-5 norm with the advantage of avoiding the addition of dyes and the subsequent potential interaction with test materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 715-722, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, C.-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinze
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V, Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Chichkov
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V, Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Leibold
- Department of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 17, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, C.-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, F.-Lynen-Str. 35, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Paasche
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, C.-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, F.-Lynen-Str. 35, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Ketov SV, Shi X, Xie G, Kumashiro R, Churyumov AY, Bazlov AI, Chen N, Ishikawa Y, Asao N, Wu H, Louzguine-Luzgin DV. Nanostructured Zr-Pd metallic glass thin film for biochemical applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7799. [PMID: 25589472 PMCID: PMC5155374 DOI: 10.1038/srep07799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zr-Pd metallic glassy thin films with a hierarchical nano-scale structure, produced by magnetron sputtering of the Zr and Pd powder mixture, demonstrate a unique combination of physical and biochemical properties. Thermal stability of the nano-structured glassy samples, their resistance to oxidation in dry air and phase transformation behavior are discussed in the present work. These binary alloy samples also show exceptionally high corrosion resistance and spontaneous passivation in a simulated body fluid. Experiments on the catalytic activity and biocompatibility of this nanostructured metallic glass indicate that this is a very suitable material for biochemical applications. Compared to the multicomponent alloys studied earlier this binary alloy has much simpler chemical composition, which makes preparation of the sample with defined stoichiometry easier, especially when the elements have different sputtering rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Ketov
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kumashiro
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Andrey I. Bazlov
- National University of Science and Technology ″MISiS″, Moscow, Russia
| | - Na Chen
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yoshifumi Ishikawa
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Asao
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hongkai Wu
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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19
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Zhang X, Xiao GY, Liu B, Jiang CC, Lu YP. Influence of processing time on the phase, microstructure and electrochemical properties of hopeite coating on stainless steel by chemical conversion method. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinct nanoscale structures of hopeite coating on stainless steel are found which may have potential significance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Gui-yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Cong-cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
| | - Yu-peng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan
- China
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20
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Blanquer A, Pellicer E, Hynowska A, Barrios L, Ibáñez E, Baró MD, Sort J, Nogués C. In vitro biocompatibility assessment of Ti40Cu38Zr10Pd12 bulk metallic glass. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:163-172. [PMID: 24022801 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of biocompatible materials has attained an increasing importance for tissue regeneration and transplantation. The excellent mechanical and corrosion properties of Ti40Cu38Zr10Pd12 bulk metallic glass (BMG) turn it into a potential candidate for its use in orthopaedic implants. Before being considered as a biomaterial, some biological parameters must be taken into account. In this study,mouse preosteoblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of the alloy at different times (24 h, 7 and 21 days) and no differences in cell viability were detected.Moreover, cells were able to adhere to the alloy surface by establishing focal contacts, and displayed a flattened polygonal morphology. After 14 days in culture, differentiation into osteoblasts was observed. Besides, the amount of Cu ions released and their potential toxic effects were analyzed, showing that the amount of Cu released did not increase cell death. Finally, the low levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by THP-1 differentiated macrophages exposed to the alloy suggest the absence of an immunogenic response to the alloy. In conclusion, in vitro studies indicate that the Ti40Cu38Zr10Pd12 BMG could be considered as a biomaterial to be used in orthopaedic implants.
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21
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Lin C, Huang C, Chuang J, Huang J, Jang J, Chen C. Rapid screening of potential metallic glasses for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4520-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Monfared A, Vali H, Faghihi S. Biocorrosion and biocompatibility of Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glasses. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Monfared
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran 14965/161 Iran
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; PO Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department; McGill University; Strathcona Bld, 3640 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B2 Canada
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran 14965/161 Iran
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23
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Li J, Shi LL, Zhu ZD, He Q, Ai HJ, Xu J. Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 metallic glass for potential use in dental implants: Biocompatibility assessment by in vitro cellular responses. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Pellicer E, González S, Blanquer A, Suriñach S, Baró M, Barrios L, Ibáñez E, Nogués C, Sort J. On the biodegradability, mechanical behavior, and cytocompatibility of amorphous Mg72Zn23Ca5and crystalline Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2alloys as temporary implant materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:502-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Li HF, Wang YB, Zheng YF, Lin JP. Osteoblast response on Ti- and Zr-based bulk metallic glass surfaces after sand blasting modification. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1721-8. [PMID: 22807202 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the osteoblast response on Ti- and Zr-based BMG surfaces sand blasted with different grit corundums for implant application, with mechanically polished disks before sand blasting as control groups. The surface properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, and roughness measurements. Further evaluation of the surface bioactivity was conducted by MG63 cell attachment, proliferation, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on the sample surfaces. It was found that corundum sand blasting surfaces significantly increased the surface wettability and MG63 cell attachment, cell proliferation, and ALP activity in comparison with the control group surfaces. Besides, the sample surface treated by large grit corundum is more favorable for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation than samples treated by small grit corundum, indicating that it might be effective for improving implant osseointegration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Ni- and Be-free Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with high glass-forming ability and unusual plasticity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 13:166-73. [PMID: 22898203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed Ni- and Be-free Zr(45+x)Cu(40-x)Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ bulk metallic glasses with large glass-forming ability and unusual plasticity. The alloys have large critical diameters (larger than 10 mm) in a wide composition range (x=0-20). The Zr₅₀Cu₃₅Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ and Zr₅₅Cu₃₀Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ alloys exhibit the largest critical diameter (between 18 and 20 mm). The Zr(45+x)Cu(40-x)Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ bulk metallic glasses also have large plastic elongation in wide composition range (x=10-17). The Zr₆₂Cu₂₃Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ bulk metallic glass exhibits significant plasticity (over 20% of plastic elongation). With increasing Zr content, the compressive strength decreases except for the Zr₆₇Cu₁₈Al₇Pd₅Nb₃ alloy. The fragility parameters were calculated to evaluate the glass-forming ability and plasticity. The fragility exhibits more sensitive correlation with plasticity than glass-forming ability. The ZrCuAlPdNb bulk metallic glasses have high crystallization activation energies of above 300 kJ/mol. The ZrCuAlPdNb bulk metallic glasses are favorable for application to biomaterials.
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