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Wu D, Luo R, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Gui S, He N. Preparation, characterisation, pharmacokinetics and distribution of esculin microspheres administered via intravitreal injection into rabbit brain. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:233-247. [PMID: 38638108 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2341402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the distribution of esculin microspheres in rabbit brain tissue following intravitreal injection and investigated the possibility of direct entry of the drug into the brain through the eye, to develop a formulation with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against Parkinson's disease.Chitosan microspheres of esculin were prepared via an emulsification cross-linking method and their characteristics were evaluated, including angle of repose, bulk density, and swelling ratio. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic parameters and brain tissue distribution in rabbits were compared among groups administered esculin eye drops, intravitreal esculin solution, and intravitreal esculin microspheres, to determine whether esculin could enter the brain through an ocular route.The results showed that the prepared esculin microspheres were spherical and had good fluidity. Notably, intravitreal administration enhanced the area under the curve (AUC) of esculin in the thalamus. Delivery through microspheres prolonged the drug retention time in both rabbit plasma and brain tissues, as well as the brain-targeting efficiency of esculin.The collective findings indicated that there may be a direct eye-brain pathway facilitating enter of esculin microspheres into brain tissue after intravitreal injection, supporting the utility of intravitreal esculin microspheres as an effective therapeutic formulation for Parkinson's disease, a long-term chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yangnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyun Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
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Papakyriakopoulou P, Valsami G, Kadoglou NPE. Nose-to-Heart Approach: Unveiling an Alternative Route of Acute Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:198. [PMID: 38255302 PMCID: PMC10813812 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (IN) administration has emerged as a novel approach for rapid systemic absorption, with potential applicability in the management of acute cardiovascular events. This review explores the evolution of IN cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, emphasizing its potential in achieving systemic effects and bypassing the first-pass metabolism associated with oral administration. The extensive vascularization of nasal mucosa and a porous endothelial basement membrane facilitate efficient drug absorption into the bloodstream. The IN route ensures a critical swift onset of action, which allows self-administration in at-home settings. For instance, etripamil nasal spray, a first-in-class formulation, exemplifies the therapeutic potential of this approach in the treatment of spontaneous supraventricular tachycardia. The review critically assesses studies on IN formulations for angina, acute myocardial infarction, hypertensive episodes, and cardiac arrhythmias. Preclinical evaluations of beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and antianginal drugs demonstrate the feasibility of IN administration for acute cardiovascular events. A small number of clinical trials have revealed promising results, emphasizing the superiority of IN drug delivery over oral administration in terms of bioavailability and onset of action. Unambiguously, the limited clinical trials and patient enrollment pose challenges in generalizing experimental outcomes. However, the nose-to-heart approach has clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.V.)
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Lavania K, Garg A. Ion-activated In Situ Gel of Gellan Gum Containing Chrysin for Nasal Administration in Parkinson's Disease. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2024; 18:35-49. [PMID: 38058093 DOI: 10.2174/0126673878279656231204103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study focused on creating an innovative treatment approach for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of specific neurons in the brain. AIM The research aimed to develop a nasal gel using gellan gum containing a complex of chrysin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enhance the drug's solubility and stability. METHOD The formulation process involved utilizing central composite design (CCD) to optimize the concentrations of gellan gum and HPMC E5, with viscosity and mucoadhesive strength as key factors. The resulting optimized In Situ gel comprised 0.7% w/v gellan gum and 0.6% w/v HPMC E5, exhibiting desirable viscosity levels for both sol and gel states, along with robust mucoadhesive properties. The formulated gel underwent comprehensive evaluation, including assessments for gelation, drug content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and histopathology. RESULT The findings demonstrated superior drug release from the In Situ gel compared to standalone chrysin. Ex vivo studies revealed effective drug permeation through nasal mucosa without causing harm. Moreover, experiments on neuronal cells exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2- induced) showcased significant neuroprotection conferred by chrysin and its formulations. These treatments exhibited notable enhancements in cell viability and reduced instances of apoptosis and necrosis, compared to the control group. The formulations exhibited neuroprotective properties by mitigating oxidative damage through mechanisms, like free radical scavenging and restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this developed In situ gel formulation presents a promising novel nasal delivery system for PD therapy. By addressing challenges related to drug properties and administration route, it holds the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Lavania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
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Kar S, Singh SK. Cationic nanoliposomes of carvedilol for intranasal application: In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Hussein N, Omer H, Ismael A, Albed Alhnan M, Elhissi A, Ahmed W. Spray-dried alginate microparticles for potential intranasal delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride: development, characterization and histopathological evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:290-299. [PMID: 30626225 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1567762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ropinirole hydrochloride (RH) is an anti-Parkinson drug with relativity low oral bioavailability owing to its extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. Spray-dried mucoadhesive alginate microspheres of RH were developed and characterized followed by histopathological evaluation using nasal tissue isolated from sheep. Spherical microparticles having high product yield (around 70%) were obtained when the inlet temperature of spray drying was 140 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies revealed the compatibility of the drug with the polymer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that drug-loaded microparticles were spherical, and the apparent surface roughness was inversely related to the ratio of polymer to drug. Furthermore, size of the spray-dried particles were in the range of 2.5-4.37 µm, depending on formulation. All formulations had high drug encapsulation efficiencies (101-106%). Drug loaded into the polymeric particles was in the amorphous state and drug molecules were molecularly dispersed in the polymeric matrix of the microparticles which were revealed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The in vitro drug release was influenced by polymer concentration. Histopathological study demonstrated that RH-loaded sodium alginate microparticles was safe to nasal epithelium. In conclusion, spray drying of RH using sodium alginate polymer has produced microparticles of suitable characteristics for potential intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozad Hussein
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Huner Omer
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ava Ismael
- College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohamed Albed Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Waterloo, UK
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Manniello MD, Tratta E, Buttini F, Rossi A, Sonvico F, Bortolotti F, Russo P, Colombo G. Opportunity and challenges of nasal powders: Drug formulation and delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 113:2-17. [PMID: 28942007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nasal drug delivery, among the preparations defined by the European Pharmacopoeia, nasal powders facilitate the formulation of poorly water-soluble active compounds. They often display a simple composition in excipients (if any), allow for the administration of larger drug doses and enhance drug diffusion and absorption across the mucosa, improving bioavailability compared to nasal liquids. Despite the positive features, however, nasal products in this form still struggle to enter the market: the few available on the market are Onzetra Xsail® (sumatriptan) for migraine relief and, for the treatment of rhinitis, Rhinocort® Turbuhaler® (budesonide), Teijin Rhinocort® (beclomethasone dipropionate) and Erizas® (dexamethasone cipecilate). Hence, this review tries to understand why nasal powder formulations are still less common than liquid ones by analyzing whether this depends on the lack of (i) real evidence of superior therapeutic benefit of powders, (ii) therapeutic and/or commercial interest, (iii) efficient manufacturing methods or (iv) availability of suitable and affordable delivery devices. To this purpose, the reader's attention will be guided through nasal powder formulation strategies and manufacturing techniques, eventually giving up-to-date evidences of therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Advancements in the technology of insufflation devices will also be provided as nasal drug products are typical drug-device combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Dario Manniello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Elena Tratta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Salunke SR, Patil SB. Ion activated in situ gel of gellan gum containing salbutamol sulphate for nasal administration. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:41-7. [PMID: 26899173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nasal delivery is the promising approach for rapid onset of action and avoids the first pass metabolism. The main aim of present study was to develop a novel mucoadhesive in situ gel of salbutamol sulphate using gellan gum and hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) for nasal administration. The formulations were prepared so as to have gelation at physiological ion content after nasal administration. Developed formulations were evaluated for gelation, viscosity, drug content, in vitro mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release study, ex vivo permeation, and histopathology. Formulations showed pH in the range of nasal cavity and optimum viscosity for nasal administration. The mucoadhesive force depends upon concentration of HPMC and drug release was found to be 97.34% in 11h. The histopathology did not detect any damage during ex vivo permeation studies. Hence, in situ gel system of gellan gum may be a promising approach for nasal delivery of salbutamol sulphate for therapeutic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha R Salunke
- Shri Neminath Jain Brahmacharyashram's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Dist. Nashik 423 101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay B Patil
- Shri Neminath Jain Brahmacharyashram's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Dist. Nashik 423 101, Maharashtra, India.
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Fox CB, Kim J, Le LV, Nemeth CL, Chirra HD, Desai TA. Micro/nanofabricated platforms for oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 219:431-444. [PMID: 26244713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral route of drug administration is most preferred due to its ease of use, low cost, and high patient compliance. However, the oral uptake of many small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics is limited by various physiological barriers, and, as a result, drugs suffer from issues with low solubility, low permeability, and degradation following oral administration. The flexibility of micro- and nanofabrication techniques has been used to create drug delivery platforms designed to address these barriers to oral drug uptake. Specifically, micro/nanofabricated devices have been designed with planar, asymmetric geometries to promote device adhesion and unidirectional drug release toward epithelial tissue, thereby prolonging drug exposure and increasing drug permeation. Furthermore, surface functionalization, nanotopography, responsive drug release, motion-based responses, and permeation enhancers have been incorporated into such platforms to further enhance drug uptake. This review will outline the application of micro/nanotechnology to specifically address the physiological barriers to oral drug delivery and highlight technologies that may be incorporated into these oral drug delivery systems to further enhance drug uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade B Fox
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jean Kim
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Long V Le
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hariharasudhan D Chirra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Fortuna A, Alves G, Serralheiro A, Sousa J, Falcão A. Intranasal delivery of systemic-acting drugs: Small-molecules and biomacromolecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:8-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar A, Pandey AN, Jain SK. Nasal-nanotechnology: revolution for efficient therapeutics delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:681-93. [PMID: 24901207 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.920431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained interest to overcome the problems of restricted absorption of therapeutic agents from the nasal cavity, depending upon the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological properties of the human nose. OBJECTIVE The well-tolerated and non-invasive nasal drug delivery when combined with the nanotechnology-based novel formulations and carriers, opens the way for the effective systemic and brain targeting delivery of various therapeutic agents. To accomplish competent drug delivery, it is imperative to recognize the interactions among the nanomaterials and the nasal biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in patho-biology of the disease under consideration. METHODS Quite a few systems have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials for intranasal (IN) delivery. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chitosan, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and PLGA-based nanosystems have also been studied in vitro and in vivo for the delivery of several therapeutic agents which shown promising concentrations in the brain after nasal administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of nanomaterials including peptide-based nanotubes and nanogels (NGs) for vaccine delivery via nasal route is a new approach to control the disease progression. In this review, the recent developments in nanotechnology utilized for nasal drug delivery have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Aditya Nath Pandey
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
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Sosnik A. Alginate Particles as Platform for Drug Delivery by the Oral Route: State-of-the-Art. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2014; 2014:926157. [PMID: 25101184 PMCID: PMC4004034 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical research and development aims to design products with ensured safety, quality, and efficacy to treat disease. To make the process more rational, coherent, efficient, and cost-effective, the field of Pharmaceutical Materials Science has emerged as the systematic study of the physicochemical properties and behavior of materials of pharmaceutical interest in relation to product performance. The oral route is the most patient preferred for drug administration. The presence of a mucus layer that covers the entire gastrointestinal tract has been exploited to expand the use of the oral route by developing a mucoadhesive drug delivery system that showed a prolonged residence time. Alginic acid and sodium and potassium alginates have emerged as one of the most extensively explored mucoadhesive biomaterials owing to very good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility, biodegradation, sol-gel transition properties, and chemical versatility that make possible further modifications to tailor their properties. The present review overviews the most relevant applications of alginate microparticles and nanoparticles for drug administration by the oral route and discusses the perspectives of this biomaterial in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- Group of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology De-Jur Building, Office 607, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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Abdel Mouez M, Zaki NM, Mansour S, Geneidi AS. Bioavailability enhancement of verapamil HCl via intranasal chitosan microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 51:59-66. [PMID: 23999035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microspheres are potential drug carriers for maximizing nasal residence time, circumventing rapid mucociliary clearance and enhancing nasal absorption. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) for intranasal delivery as an alternative to oral VRP which suffers low bioavailability (20%) due to extensive first pass effect. The microspheres were produced using a spray-drying and precipitation techniques and characterized for morphology (scanning electron microscopy), particle size (laser diffraction method), drug entrapment efficiency, thermal behavior (differential scanning calorimetry) and crystallinity (X-ray diffractometric studies) as well as in vitro drug release. Bioavailability of nasal VRP microspheres was studied in rabbits and the results were compared to those obtained after nasal, oral and intravenous administration of VRP solution. Results demonstrated that the microspheres were spherical with size 21-53 μm suitable for nasal deposition. The spray-drying technique was superior over precipitation technique in providing higher VRP entrapment efficiency and smaller burst release followed by a more sustained one over 6h. The bioavailability study demonstrated that the nasal microspheres exhibited a significantly higher bioavailability (58.6%) than nasal solution of VRP (47.8%) and oral VRP solution (13%). In conclusion, the chitosan-based nasal VRP microspheres are promising for enhancing VRP bioavailability by increasing the nasal residence time and avoiding the first-pass metabolism of the drug substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Abdel Mouez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Future University, El-Tagamoa El-Khames, Cairo, Egypt
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Poojari R, Srivastava R. Composite alginate microspheres as the next-generation egg-box carriers for biomacromolecules delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1061-76. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.796361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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