1
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cassel JB, Tronco MC, de Melo BA, Oliveira FDSD, Dos Santos LAL. α-Tricalcium phosphate cement reinforced with silk fibroin: A high strength biomimetic bone cement with chloride-substituted hydroxyapatite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105936. [PMID: 37244074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, bone defects have become an increasing factor in the development of disability in patients, impacting their quality of life. Large bone defects have minor chances to self-repair, requiring surgical intervention. Therefore, α-TCP-based cements are rigorously studied for the development of bone filling and replacement applications due to the possibility of application in minimally invasive procedures. However, α-TCP-based cements do not present adequate mechanical properties for most orthopedic applications. The aim of this study is to develop a biomimetic α-TCP cement reinforced with 0.250-1.000 wt% of silk fibroin using non-dialyzed SF solutions. Samples with SF additions higher than 0.250 wt% presented complete transformation of the α-TCP to a biphasic CDHA/HAp-Cl material, which could enhance the osteoconductivity of the material. Samples reinforced with concentrations of 0.500 wt% SF showed an increase of 450% of the fracture toughness and 182% of the compressive strength of the control sample, even with 31.09% porosity, which demonstrates good coupling between the SF and the CPs. All samples reinforced with SF showed a microstructure with smaller needle-like crystals when compared to the control sample, which possibly contributed to the material's reinforcement. Moreover, the composition of reinforced samples did not affect the cytotoxicity of the CPCs and enhanced the cell viability presented by the CPC without SF addition. Hence, biomimetic CPCs with mechanical reinforcement through the addition of SF were successfully obtained through the developed methodology, with the potential to be further evaluated as a suitable material for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia B Cassel
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Matheus C Tronco
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz A de Melo
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos de Oliveira
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luís A L Dos Santos
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song Y, Zhao L, Niu B, Zhao H, Hu Y, Wei Y, Huang D, Wang T, Lian X. The study of self-regulating α-TCP based composite by micro/nano scaled silk fibroin and α-CSH on physicochemical and biological properties of bone cement. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1801-1812. [PMID: 37121598 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231172855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-hardening α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) bone cement complexed with different content of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) and micrometer hydroxyapatite mineralized silk fibroin (HA-SF) using micro/SF as curing liquid has been investigated in this work, which was capable of tunable setting time, degradation, mechanical property and ability to anti-washout. After addition 0 ∼ 25% α-CSH to the α-TCP cement with SFFs as curing liquid, it shortened the setting time of the modified composite to 10 ∼ 30 min. Furthermore, the addition of SFFs improved the compressive strength of the composite from 5.41 MPa to 9.44 MPa. The composites with both Na2HPO4 and SFFs as curing liquid showed good anti-collapse performance. The weight loss ratio of bone cement was -0.18 ∼ 12.08% in 4 weeks when the content of α-CSH in α-TCP/α-CSH was between 0 ∼ 25 wt%. During the degradation of α-CSH, the amorphous α-TCP were deposited as hydroxyapatite to formed a plate-like products on the surface of composite. Compared to the composite with Na2HPO4 solution as the curing liquid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the composites using SFFs as curing liquid were maintained at high levels on the 14th day especially when the Ca/P ratio was 1.7. This study provides a theoretical basis for the regeneration of bone defects guided by bone cement materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Baolong Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United State
| | - XiaoJie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi key Laboratory of material strength and structure impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tronco MC, Cassel JB, Dos Santos LA. α-TCP-based Calcium Phosphate Cements: a critical review. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:70-87. [PMID: 36028195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates are promising materials for applications in bone repair and substitution, particularly for their bioactivity and ability to form self-setting cements. Among them, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) stands out due to its high solubility, its hydration reaction and bioresorbability. The synthesis of α-TCP is particularly complex and the interactions between some of the synthesis parameters are still not completely understood. The variety of methods available to synthesize α-TCP has provided a substantial variance in the properties of α-TCP-based cements and the decision about which method, parameters and starting reagents will be used for the powder's synthesis is determinant of the properties of the resulting material. Therefore, this review paper focuses on α-TCP's synthesis and properties, presenting the synthesis methods currently in use as well as a discussion of how the synthesis parameters and the cement preparation affect the reactivity and mechanical properties of the material, providing a guide for the selection of the most suitable process for each α-TCP application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: α-TCP is a calcium phosphate and it is currently one of the most investigated bioceramics for applications that explore its bioresorbability and the hydration reaction of α-TCP-based cements. Despite the increasing number of publications on the topic, there are still aspects not well understood. This review article aims at contributing to this fascinating subject by offering an update on the state of the art of α-TCP's synthesis methods, while also addressing topics that are not often discussed about this material, such as the preparation of α-TCP-based cements and how its parameters affect the properties of the resulting cements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus C Tronco
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Júlia B Cassel
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Luís A Dos Santos
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruolan W, Liangjiao C, Longquan S. The mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway mediates the autophagy-promoting and osteogenic effects of dicalcium silicate nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:119. [PMID: 32867795 PMCID: PMC7457372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bioactive inorganic material containing silicon, calcium and oxygen, calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) with a CaO-SiO2 ingredient, has been identified as a potential candidate for artificial bone. Autophagy has an essential function in adult tissue homoeostasis and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about whether silicate nanoparticles (C2S NPs) promote osteoblastic differentiation by inducing autophagy. Here we investigated the effects of C2S NPs on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (BMSCs) in osteoblasts. Furthermore, we identified the osteogenic gene and protein expression in BMSCs treated with C2S NPs. We found that autophagy is important for the ability of C2S NPs to induce osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Our results showed that treatment with C2S NPs upregulated the expression of BMP2, UNX2, and OSX in BMSCs, and significantly promoted the expression of LC3 and Beclin, while P62 (an autophagy substrate) was downregulated. C2S NP treatment could also enhance Alizarin red S dye (ARS), although alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was not significantly changed. However, all these effects could be partially reversed by 3-MA. We then detected potential signaling pathways involved in this biological effect and found that C2S NPs could activate autophagy by suppressing mTOR and facilitating ULK1 expression. Autophagy further activated β-catenin expression and promoted osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, C2S NPs promote bone formation and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by activating autophagy. They achieve this effect by activating mTOR/ULK1, inducing autophagy, and subsequently triggering the WNT/β-catenin pathway to boost the differentiation and biomineralization of osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ruolan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chen Liangjiao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Shao Longquan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gandolfi MG, Zamparini F, Degli Esposti M, Chiellini F, Aparicio C, Fava F, Fabbri P, Taddei P, Prati C. Polylactic acid-based porous scaffolds doped with calcium silicate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate designed for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:163-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
7
|
Arahira T, Maruta M, Matsuya S. Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic α-tricalcium phosphate/β-tricalcium phosphate cement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:478-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
8
|
Medvecky L, Stulajterova R, Giretova M, Sopcak T, Faberova M. Properties of CaO-SiO 2-P 2O 5 reinforced calcium phosphate cements and in vitro osteoblast response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:025002. [PMID: 28140347 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5b3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-cytotoxic and bioactive tetracalcium phosphate/nanomonetite/calcium silicate-phosphate cements were prepared by simple mechanical mixing of starting powder precursors based on acid or basic tetracalcium phosphate/nanomonetite mixtures with 1 or 5 wt% addition of precititated amorphous or crystalline calcium silicate phosphate phases. The small additions (1-2 wt%) of crystalline CaSiP phase caused about a two-fold rise in the compressive strength of cements (up to 70 MPa) with simultaneous preservation of short setting time (around 5 min) and refinement of nanohydroxyapatite particles in microstructure. The results verified a close pH to body fluids and enhanced steady state concentrations of Ca2+, silicate and phosphate ions during the soaking of acid than the basic composite mixtures in physiological solution. No cytotoxicity or suppressing in proliferation activity of osteoblasts were revealed after the addition of CaSiP phases to cement powder mixtures. The ALP activity of osteoblasts during the first two days of culture on all composite systems was significantly higher than on pure tetracalcium phosphate/nanomonetite substrates. The superior enhancing in ALP osteoblast activity was found on cements with amorphous CaSiP glass component (even at low contents), which confirms excellent in vitro osteoblast activity on composites and their possible utilization as bone cements in reconstruction medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Medvecky
- Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandes KR, Magri AMP, Kido HW, Ueno F, Assis L, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Martins VC, Plepis AM, Zanotto ED, Peitl O, Ribeiro D, van den Beucken JJ, Renno ACM. Characterization and biological evaluation of the introduction of PLGA into biosilicate®. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1063-1074. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Fernandes
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. M. P. Magri
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - H. W. Kido
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Ueno
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Assis
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - K. P. S. Fernandes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences; Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE); São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. A. Mesquita-Ferrari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences; Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE); São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. C. Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP); São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. M. Plepis
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP); São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. D. Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar); Brazil
| | - O. Peitl
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar); Brazil
| | - D. Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - A. C. M. Renno
- Department of Biosciences; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun M, Liu A, Ma C, Shao H, Yu M, Liu Y, Yan S, Gou Z. Systematic investigation of β-dicalcium silicate-based bone cements in vitro and in vivo in comparison with clinically applied calcium phosphate cement and Bio-Oss®. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we systematically investigated the biological performance of a β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S)-based bone cement in comparison with the clinically used calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and Bio-Oss®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - An Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Huifeng Shao
- The State Key Lab of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Systems
- College of Mechanical Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Menghua Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - Yanming Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310009
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Second Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310029
- China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
Collapse
|