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Kim J, Raja N, Choi YJ, Gal CW, Sung A, Park H, Yun HS. Enhancement of properties of a cell-laden GelMA hydrogel-based bioink via calcium phosphate phase transition. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015010. [PMID: 37871585 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad05e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
To improve the properties of the hydrogel-based bioinks, a calcium phosphate phase transition was applied, and the products were examined. We successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels by adding small amounts (< 0.5 wt%) of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) to photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). As a result of the hydrolyzing calcium phosphate phase transition involvingα-TCP, which proceeded for 36 h in the cell culture medium, calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite was produced. Approximately 18 times the compressive modulus was achieved for GelMA with 0.5 wt%α-TCP (20.96 kPa) compared with pure GelMA (1.18 kPa). Although cell proliferation decreased during the early stages of cultivation, both osteogenic differentiation and mineralization activities increased dramatically when the calcium phosphate phase transition was performed with 0.25 wt%α-TCP. The addition ofα-TCP improved the printability and fidelity of GelMA, as well as the structural stability and compressive modulus (approximately six times higher) after three weeks of culturing. Therefore, we anticipate that the application of calcium phosphate phase transition to hydrogels may have the potential for hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeon-ro, Yeseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Naren Raja
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jin Choi
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Gal
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Sung
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghyun Park
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Suk Yun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeon-ro, Yeseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramic Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongasna-gu, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Tronco MC, Cassel JB, Dos Santos LA. α-TCP-based Calcium Phosphate Cements: a critical review. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:70-87. [PMID: 36028195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates are promising materials for applications in bone repair and substitution, particularly for their bioactivity and ability to form self-setting cements. Among them, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) stands out due to its high solubility, its hydration reaction and bioresorbability. The synthesis of α-TCP is particularly complex and the interactions between some of the synthesis parameters are still not completely understood. The variety of methods available to synthesize α-TCP has provided a substantial variance in the properties of α-TCP-based cements and the decision about which method, parameters and starting reagents will be used for the powder's synthesis is determinant of the properties of the resulting material. Therefore, this review paper focuses on α-TCP's synthesis and properties, presenting the synthesis methods currently in use as well as a discussion of how the synthesis parameters and the cement preparation affect the reactivity and mechanical properties of the material, providing a guide for the selection of the most suitable process for each α-TCP application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: α-TCP is a calcium phosphate and it is currently one of the most investigated bioceramics for applications that explore its bioresorbability and the hydration reaction of α-TCP-based cements. Despite the increasing number of publications on the topic, there are still aspects not well understood. This review article aims at contributing to this fascinating subject by offering an update on the state of the art of α-TCP's synthesis methods, while also addressing topics that are not often discussed about this material, such as the preparation of α-TCP-based cements and how its parameters affect the properties of the resulting cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus C Tronco
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Júlia B Cassel
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Luís A Dos Santos
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Materials Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
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Yuan Z, Bi J, Wang W, Sun X, Wang L, Mao J, Yang F. A novel synthesis method and properties of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/ α-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1712-1719. [PMID: 35108128 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211068597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is an important research field based on calcium phosphate biomaterials. In this paper, a new synthesis method of CDHA/α-TCP BCP was studied. By controlling the addition amount of citric acid, the relative contents of CDHA and α-TCP in the BCP were controlled. BCP bone cement was prepared with different proportions of BCP as raw materials. The BCP bone cement was characterized by XRD and SEM, and evaluated by measuring setting time, compressive strength, SBF immersion, and colorimetric CCK-8 assay. The results showed that the increase of CDHA content can lead to the reduction of the setting time of bone cement and delay the degradation rate of BCP bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jianqiang Bi
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weilli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Fushuai Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, 12589Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Szurkowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł, Kolmas J. Effects of Synthesis Conditions on the Formation of Si-Substituted Alpha Tricalcium Phosphates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9164. [PMID: 33271907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Powders of α-TCP containing various amounts of silicon were synthesized by two different methods: Wet chemical precipitation and solid-state synthesis. The obtained powders were then physico–chemically studied using different methods: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopies (FT-IR and R), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR). The study showed that the method of synthesis affects the morphology of the obtained particles, the homogeneity of crystalline phase and the efficiency of Si substitution. Solid-state synthesis leads to particles with a low tendency to agglomerate compared to the precipitation method. However, the powders obtained by the solid-state method are less homogeneous and contain a significant amount of other crystalline phase, silicocarnotite (up to 7.33%). Moreover, the microcrystals from this method are more disordered. This might be caused by more efficient substitution of silicate ions: The silicon content of the samples obtained by the solid-state method is almost equal to the nominal values.
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Wu G, Zhu H, Wu X, Liu L, Ma X, Yuan Y, Fu X, Zhang L, Lv Y, Li D, Liu J, Lu J, Yu Y, Li M. Anti-allergic function of α-Tocopherol is mediated by suppression of PI3K-PKB activity in mast cells in mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:395-400. [PMID: 32334909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-Tocopherol (α-TCP), one major form of vitamin E, has been known as a treatment for airway allergic inflammation. However, the role and mechanism of α-TCP in treating allergic rhinitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study we examined the inhibitory function of α-TCP in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. METHODS Allergic phenotype was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1 and OVA-specific IgG2a levels were examined by ELISA. mRNA expression was measured by qPCR, protein levels were examined by Western Blot. RESULTS Histological analysis of the nasal membranes revealed that there was a significant reduction in inflammatory cells appearance in cross-sections in alpha-TCP treatment of Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice compared to OVA sensitized animals. In addition, eosinophils were significantly reduced in nasal mucosa of alpha-TCP treatment of OVA-sensitized mice compared to the OVA group. Lower total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1 and OVA-specific IgG2a levels were found in alpha-TCP treatment of OVA-sensitized mice compared to the OVA group. Furthermore, we found that the subepithelial distribution of tryptase positive mast cells was reduced in the alpha-TCP treatment of OVA-sensitized mice. More importantly, the PI3K-PKB pathway was suppressed by α-TCP in mast cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that α-TCP-mediated suppression of PI3K-PKB activity in mast cells is a potential mechanism of anti-allergic function of α-TCP.
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Cao Q, He Z, Sun WQ, Fan G, Zhao J, Bao N, Ye T. Improvement of calcium phosphate scaffold osteogenesis in vitro via combination of glutamate-modified BMP-2 peptides. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 96:412-418. [PMID: 30606550 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) based porous scaffolds have superior osteoconduction and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering, furthermore, these 3D porous scaffolds can be used as efficient drug delivery carriers. In the concept of tissue engineering, the "drugs" could be defined as drug molecules or biomacromolecules, even cells. These "drugs" have endowed the scaffolds which were laden improved abilities compared with the blank scaffolds. In this study, we anchored osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) derived peptides to α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds by linking the E7 domain to the target peptides, constructed the modified active peptides (E7BMP-2 peptides) delivery system, which finally achieved the modified peptides sustaining release and enhanced rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds had micropores and interconnected micropores which expanded surface area of the scaffolds. The release test testified the constructed the delivery system had realized long-term release in which the peptides dosage could be detected by the BCA protein assay kit after 10 days compared with BMP-2 proteins which absorbed on the same α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds. The constructed E7BMP-2 peptides delivery system supported rat BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in the form of improving the genes expression levels of Runx2, ALP and OCN. Based on electrostatic interactions, E7 domain fastened combination between the active BMP-2 derived peptides and the α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds, the sustaining E7BMP-2 peptides release promoted the BMSCs osteogenesis as BMP-2 proteins did, which endowed α-TCP 3D porous scaffolds enhanced osteoinductive abilities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China; School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wendell Q Sun
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Gentao Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nirong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Tingjun Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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Vásquez AF, Domínguez S, Loureiro Dos Santos LA. α-TCP cements prepared by syringe-foaming: Influence of Na 2HPO 4 and surfactant concentration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 81:148-155. [PMID: 28887959 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lack of intrinsic open porosity in calcium phosphate cements slows down the resorption rate and bone ingrowth when implanted In Vivo. In this study, macroporous structures were obtained by mixing α-TCP cement with a foamed liquid phase containing different concentrations of sodium hydrogen phosphate and a nonionic surfactant. The cement paste was prepared by hand mixing in a novel system of two syringes connected by a tube. Two different liquid to powder (L/P) ratios were used to prepare the cement paste. The cement samples showed open macropores with diameters>100μm. The specimens prepared with lower L/P ratio showed smaller porosity, macroporosity and pore size distribution. The cohesion of the cement paste in liquid solutions was assessed by adding 2wt% sodium alginate to the liquid phase. This study suggests that the final macrostructure of the foamed cements can be controlled by varying the phosphate and surfactant concentrations in the liquid phase and the L/P ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Vásquez
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; GINEWS: New Stetic's Research Group, Department of Research and Development, New Stetic S.A, Guarne, Colombia.
| | - S Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L A Loureiro Dos Santos
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bimis A, Canal LP, Karalekas D, Botsis J. On the mechanical characteristics of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 68:296-302. [PMID: 28236694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a mechanical characterization of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement in function of the immersion time in Ringer solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of self-setting calcium phosphate cement were prepared from pure α-TCP powder. The residual strains developed during hardening stage were monitored using an embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor. Additionally, the evolution of the elastic modulus was obtained for the same time period by conducting low-load indentation tests. Micro-computed tomography as well as microscope-assisted inspections were employed to evaluate the porosity in the specimens. Moreover, diametral compression tests were conducted in wet and dried specimens to characterize the material strength. RESULTS The volume of the estimated porosity and absorbed fluid mass, during the first few minutes of the material's exposure in a wet environment, coincide. The immersion in Ringer solution lead to a noticeable increase in the moduli values. The critical value of stresses obtained from the diametral compression tests were combined with the data from uniaxial compression tests, to suggest a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. CONCLUSIONS This study presents different techniques to characterize a self-setting calcium phosphate cement and provides experimental data on porosity, mechanical properties and failure. The investigated material possessed an open porosity at its dried state with negligible residual strains and its Young's modulus, obtained from micro-indentation tests, increased with hardening time. The failure loci may be described by a Mohr-Coulomb criterion, characteristic of soil and rock materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bimis
- University of Piraeus, GR-18534 Piraeus, Greece; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), LMAF, STI, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L P Canal
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), LMAF, STI, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Karalekas
- University of Piraeus, GR-18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - J Botsis
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), LMAF, STI, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Frasnelli M, Sglavo VM. Effect of Mg(2+) doping on beta-alpha phase transition in tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:283-9. [PMID: 26796207 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta to alpha transition in tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics containing different amount of magnesium was studied in the present work. Mg-doped TCP powder was obtained by solid-state reaction starting from pure calcium carbonate, ammonium phosphate dibasic and magnesium oxide powders. The β to α transformation temperature was identified by dilatometric and thermo-differential analyses. Small pellets produced by uniaxial pressing samples were employed to study the influence of Mg(2+) on the transition kinetic, after sintering at 1550°C and subsequent slow or fast cooling down to room temperature. The evolution of β- and α-TCP crystalline phases during each thermal treatment was determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis combined with Rietveld method-based software An annealing treatment, suitable to reconvert metastable α phase to the more clinically suitable β phase, was also investigated. It is shown that the presence of magnesium within the TCP lattice strongly influences the kinetic of the β⇆α phase transition, promoting the spontaneous α→β reconversion even upon fast cooling, or slowing down the β→α transition during heating. Similarly, it allows the α→β transformation in TCP sintered components by optimized annealing treatment at 850°C. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work concerns the effect of Mg(2+) doping on the β→α phase reconstructive transition in tricalcium phosphate (TCP), one of the most important bio-resorbable materials for bone tissue regeneration. The transition occurs upon the sintering process and is has been shown to be strongly irreversible upon cooling, leading to technological issues such as poor mechanical properties and excessive solubility due to the presence of metastable α-phase. This paper points out the kinetic contribution of Mg(2+) on the spontaneous α→β reconversion also upon fast cooling (i.e. quenching). Moreover, an annealing treatment has been shown to be beneficial to remove the retained α-phase in sintered TCP components, the presence of Mg promoting the reconversion process.
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Nyan M, Miyahara T, Noritake K, Hao J, Rodriguez R, Kasugai S. Feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate for vertical bone augmentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:109-16. [PMID: 23255439 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inadequate vertical bone compromises dental implant positioning and subsequent restoration. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) for vertical bone augmentation. METHODS Nine cortical perforations were made on each side of the parietal bone of rat calvaria under continuous saline coolant. Polytetrafluoroethylene cylinders were placed under the periosteum and α-TCP particles were applied in the cylinders in the TCP group while the cylinders were left empty in the control group. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and analyzed radiologically and histologically. RESULTS The augmented bone volumes in the control and TCP groups were 91.5 ± 25.6% and 76.5 ± 49.8% (mean ± SD) of the original bone at 4 weeks, and 136.3 ± 59.7% and 139 ± 62.4% at 8 weeks respectively. There was no significant difference between control and test groups. At 4 weeks the bone height was augmented by 168.8 ± 26.7% and 128.8 ± 62% in the control and TCP groups respectively (not significant), whereas significantly higher vertical bone was achieved in the TCP group than in the control group at 8 weeks (251 ± 32% vs 179.2 ± 30.3%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION After 8 weeks α-TCP is effective in maintaining space under periosteum and potentially would be applicable in vertical bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Nyan
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
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Lindhe J, Araújo MG, Bufler M, Liljenberg B. Biphasic alloplastic graft used to preserve the dimension of the edentulous ridge: an experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:1158-63. [PMID: 22804845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of teeth results in marked qualitative and quantitative alterations of the alveolar process at the edentulous site. It was observed that a graft comprised of bovine bone mineral placed in the fresh extraction socket delayed tissue modeling, but preserved the dimension of the ridge at edentulous sites. OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of a biphasic synthetic graft on tissue modeling and remodeling during healing of extraction wounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five beagle dogs were used. Two premolars in the maxilla and two in the mandible were included. Full thickness flaps were elevated and the distal roots were removed. An alloplastic graft (BPCAP; α-TCP core coated with nanocrystalline biomimetic hydroxyapatite) embedded in porcine collagen was placed to fill the fresh extraction socket of the premolar sites. Flaps were replaced to cover the entrance of the extraction sockets during early healing. The extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled to allow for the study of 1, 2, and 3 months socket healing. The biopsies from the maxillary sites were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, and stained to allow the study of various aspects of hard tissue formation. The biopsies from the mandibular sites were processed for ground sectioning and used to evaluate alterations of ridge dimensions after 3 months of socket healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION It was documented that the biphasic alloplastic graft did not undergo marked resorption during tissue modeling and remodeling, but allowed large amounts of bone to form within the post-extraction site. Grafting the experimental sites with this biomaterial furthermore counteracted ridge resorption that otherwise occurs following tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindhe
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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