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Alhejailan RS, Garoffolo G, Raveendran VV, Pesce M. Cells and Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103398. [PMID: 37240504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than 20 years following the introduction of regenerative medicine to address the problem of cardiac diseases, still questions arise as to the best cell types and materials to use to obtain effective clinical translation. Now that it is definitively clear that the heart does not have a consistent reservoir of stem cells that could give rise to new myocytes, and that there are cells that could contribute, at most, with their pro-angiogenic or immunomodulatory potential, there is fierce debate on what will emerge as the winning strategy. In this regard, new developments in somatic cells' reprogramming, material science and cell biophysics may be of help, not only for protecting the heart from the deleterious consequences of aging, ischemia and metabolic disorders, but also to boost an endogenous regeneration potential that seems to be lost in the adulthood of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Saud Alhejailan
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vineesh Vimala Raveendran
- Cell Biology Department, King's Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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2
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Biological Scaffolds for Congenital Heart Disease. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010057. [PMID: 36671629 PMCID: PMC9854830 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most predominant birth defect and can require several invasive surgeries throughout childhood. The absence of materials with growth and remodelling potential is a limitation of currently used prosthetics in cardiovascular surgery, as well as their susceptibility to calcification. The field of tissue engineering has emerged as a regenerative medicine approach aiming to develop durable scaffolds possessing the ability to grow and remodel upon implantation into the defective hearts of babies and children with CHD. Though tissue engineering has produced several synthetic scaffolds, most of them failed to be successfully translated in this life-endangering clinical scenario, and currently, biological scaffolds are the most extensively used. This review aims to thoroughly summarise the existing biological scaffolds for the treatment of paediatric CHD, categorised as homografts and xenografts, and present the preclinical and clinical studies. Fixation as well as techniques of decellularisation will be reported, highlighting the importance of these approaches for the successful implantation of biological scaffolds that avoid prosthetic rejection. Additionally, cardiac scaffolds for paediatric CHD can be implanted as acellular prostheses, or recellularised before implantation, and cellularisation techniques will be extensively discussed.
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3
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Rizzi S, Ragazzini S, Pesce M. Engineering Efforts to Refine Compatibility and Duration of Aortic Valve Replacements: An Overview of Previous Expectations and New Promises. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863136. [PMID: 35509271 PMCID: PMC9058060 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of pharmacological treatments to reduce or retard the progression of cardiac valve diseases makes replacement with artificial prostheses (mechanical or bio-prosthetic) essential. Given the increasing incidence of cardiac valve pathologies, there is always a more stringent need for valve replacements that offer enhanced performance and durability. Unfortunately, surgical valve replacement with mechanical or biological substitutes still leads to disadvantages over time. In fact, mechanical valves require a lifetime anticoagulation therapy that leads to a rise in thromboembolic complications, while biological valves are still manufactured with non-living tissue, consisting of aldehyde-treated xenograft material (e.g., bovine pericardium) whose integration into the host fails in the mid- to long-term due to unresolved issues regarding immune-compatibility. While various solutions to these shortcomings are currently under scrutiny, the possibility to implant fully biologically compatible valve replacements remains elusive, at least for large-scale deployment. In this regard, the failure in translation of most of the designed tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) to a viable clinical solution has played a major role. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the TEHVs developed until now, and critically analyze their strengths and limitations emerging from basic research and clinical trials. Starting from these aspects, we will also discuss strategies currently under investigation to produce valve replacements endowed with a true ability to self-repair, remodel and regenerate. We will discuss these new developments not only considering the scientific/technical framework inherent to the design of novel valve prostheses, but also economical and regulatory aspects, which may be crucial for the success of these novel designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rizzi
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Stefano Rizzi
| | - Sara Ragazzini
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Pesce
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Ulloa LS, Perissinotto F, Rago I, Goldoni A, Santoro R, Pesce M, Casalis L, Scaini D. Carbon Nanotubes Substrates Alleviate Pro-Calcific Evolution in Porcine Valve Interstitial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102724. [PMID: 34685165 PMCID: PMC8538037 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The quest for surfaces able to interface cells and modulate their functionality has raised, in recent years, the development of biomaterials endowed with nanocues capable of mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), especially for tissue regeneration purposes. In this context, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are optimal candidates, showing dimensions and a morphology comparable to fibril ECM constituents. Moreover, when immobilized onto surfaces, they demonstrated outstanding cytocompatibility and ease of chemical modification with ad hoc functionalities. In this study, we interface porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (pVICs) to multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) carpets, investigating the impact of surface nano-morphology on cell properties. The results obtained indicate that CNTs significantly affect cell behavior in terms of cell morphology, cytoskeleton organization, and mechanical properties. We discovered that CNT carpets appear to maintain interfaced pVICs in a sort of “quiescent state”, hampering cell activation into a myofibroblasts-like phenotype morphology, a cellular evolution prodromal to Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) and characterized by valve interstitial tissue stiffening. We found that this phenomenon is linked to CNTs’ ability to alter cell tensional homeostasis, interacting with cell plasma membranes, stabilizing focal adhesions and enabling a better strain distribution within cells. Our discovery contributes to shedding new light on the ECM contribution in modulating cell behavior and will open the door to new criteria for designing nanostructured scaffolds to drive cell functionality for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Severino Ulloa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.S.U.); (F.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Fabio Perissinotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.S.U.); (F.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.S.U.); (F.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Loredana Casalis
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Denis Scaini
- Area di Neuroscienze, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (D.S.)
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5
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Granato AEC, da Cruz EF, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Mosini AC, Ulrich H, Rodrigues BVM, Cheffer A, Porcionatto M. A novel decellularization method to produce brain scaffolds. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101412. [PMID: 32866727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) can assist tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The ECM is a complex biomaterial composed of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, secreted by cells. The ECM contains fundamental biological cues that modulate cell behavior and serves as a structural scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. For clinical applications, where immune rejection is a constraint, ECM can be processed using decellularization methods intended to remove cells and donor antigens from tissue or organs, while preserving native biological cues essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recent studies show bioengineered organs composed by a combination of a diversity of materials and stem cells as a possibility of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases that affect different tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, the methodologies currently described for brain decellularization involve the use of several chemical reagents with many steps that ultimately limit the process of organ or tissue recellularization. Here, we describe for the first time a fast and straightforward method for complete decellularization of mice brain by the combination of rapid freezing and thawing following the use of only one detergent (Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). Our data show that using the protocol we describe here, the brain was entirely decellularized, while still maintaining ECM components that are essential for cell survival on the scaffold. Our results also show the cell-loading of the decellularized brain matrix with Neuro2a cells, which were identified by immunohistochemistry in their undifferentiated form. We conclude that this novel and simple method for brain decellularization can be used as a scaffold for cell-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro E C Granato
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Cristina Mosini
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Amadeo F, Barbuto M, Bernava G, Savini N, Brioschi M, Rizzi S, Banfi C, Polvani G, Pesce M. Culture Into Perfusion-Assisted Bioreactor Promotes Valve-Like Tissue Maturation of Recellularized Pericardial Membrane. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32478099 PMCID: PMC7235194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivation of tissue-engineered valve replacements is a strategy to overcome the limitations of the current valve prostheses, mechanical, or biological. In an effort to set living pericardial material for aortic valve reconstruction, we have previously assessed the efficiency of a recellularization strategy based on a perfusion system enabling mass transport and homogenous distribution of aortic valve-derived "interstitial" cells inside decellularized pericardial material. In the present report, we show that alternate perfusion promoted a rapid growth of valve cells inside the pericardial material and the activity of a proliferation-supporting pathway, likely controlled by the YAP transcription factor, a crucial component of the Hippo-dependent signaling cascade, especially between 3 and 14 days of culture. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of protein content in the tissue constructs showed deposition of valve proteins in the decellularized pericardium with a high variability at day 14 and a reproducible tissue maturation at 21 days. These results represent a step forward in the definition of strategies to produce a fully engineered tissue for replacing the calcified leaflets of failing aortic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Amadeo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Barbuto
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicla Savini
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Unità di Proteomica, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizzi
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unità di Proteomica, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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7
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Inci I, Norouz Dizaji A, Ozel C, Morali U, Dogan Guzel F, Avci H. Decellularized inner body membranes for tissue engineering: A review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1287-1368. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1751523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Inci
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Dentistry Services, Dental Prosthetics Technology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Araz Norouz Dizaji
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ozel
- Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Morali
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mogaldea A, Theodoridis K, Goecke T, Tudorache I, Haverich A, Cebotari S, Hilfiker A. Assessment of cytocompatibility and mechanical properties of detergent-decellularized ovine pericardial tissue. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:628-635. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819850583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autologous pericardium is widely used for the repair of different sized cardiovascular defects. However, its use is limited especially in redo cardiac surgery. We developed an engineered tissue based on decellularized pericardium reseeded with blood-derived endothelial cells. Materials and Methods: Decellularization of ovine pericardium was performed using detergent treatment. Ovine outgrowth blood-derived and green fluorescent protein–labeled endothelial cells were used to reseed the decellularized ovine pericardium on the mesothelial side. The cell adhesion was assessed using fluorescent microscopy up to 15 days of in vitro cultivation. The mechanical properties of the pericardium were evaluated using suturability, burst pressure, and suture retention strength tests. Results: After decellularization the pericardial sheets appeared cell-free and repopulation using ovine blood-derived endothelial cells was successful by forming a robust monolayer. Detergent treatment did not affect the extracellular matrix. The thickness of decellularized tissue was similar to native ovine pericardium (285.3 ± 28.2 µm, respective 276.9 ± 23.8 µm, p = 0.48). Decellularized patch showed similar suturability comparable to the native ovine pericardium. Resulted burst pressure was not significantly different (native/decellularized: 312.5 ± 13.6/304.2 ± 16, p = 0.35). The suture retention strength of native pericardium was 638.33 ± 90.2 gr and comparable to decellularized tissue (622.2 ± 89.9 gr, p = 0.76). No differences were observed concerning elongation of native and decellularized pericardium (8.33 ± 1.5 and 8.5 ± 0.84 mm, respectively; p = 0.82). Conclusion: Mesothelial surface of decellularized ovine pericardium is suitable for reseeding with ovine blood-derived endothelial cells. The mechanical properties of detergent-treated pericardium were comparable to native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mogaldea
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Theodoridis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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Bonetti A, Marchini M, Ortolani F. Ectopic mineralization in heart valves: new insights from in vivo and in vitro procalcific models and promising perspectives on noncalcifiable bioengineered valves. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:2126-2143. [PMID: 31285908 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification of native and bioprosthetic heart valves represents a major public health problem causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Valve procalcific degeneration is known to be caused mainly by calcium salt precipitation onto membranes of suffering non-scavenged cells and dead-cell-derived products acting as major hydroxyapatite nucleators. Although etiopathogenesis of calcification in native valves is still far from being exhaustively elucidated, it is well known that bioprosthesis mineralization may be primed by glutaraldehyde-mediated toxicity for xenografts, cryopreservation-related damage for allografts and graft immune rejection for both. Instead, mechanical valves, which are free from calcification, are extremely thrombogenic, requiring chronic anticoagulation therapies for transplanted patients. Since surgical substitution of failed valves is still the leading therapeutic option, progressive improvements in tissue engineering techniques are crucial to attain readily available valve implants with good biocompatibility, proper functionality and long-term durability in order to meet the considerable clinical demand for valve substitutes. Bioengineered valves obtained from acellular non-valvular scaffolds or decellularized native valves are proving to be a compelling alternative to mechanical and bioprosthetic valve implants, as they appear to permit repopulation by the host's own cells with associated tissue remodelling, growth and repair, besides showing less propensity to calcification and adequate hemodynamic performances. In this review, insights into valve calcification onset as revealed by in vivo and in vitro procalcific models are updated as well as advances in the field of valve bioengineering.
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Roderjan JG, Noronha L, Stimamiglio MA, Correa A, Leitolis A, Bueno RRL, da Costa FDA. Structural assessments in decellularized extracellular matrix of porcine semilunar heart valves: Evaluation of cell niches. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12503. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel Roderjan
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Lúcia Noronha
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
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11
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Santoro R, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Pompilio G. Unchain My Heart: Integrins at the Basis of iPSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8203950. [PMID: 30906328 PMCID: PMC6393933 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment mediated by integrin adhesion is of fundamental importance, in both developmental and pathological processes. In particular, mechanotransduction is of growing importance in groundbreaking cellular models such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), since this process may strongly influence cell fate and, thus, augment the precision of differentiation into specific cell types, e.g., cardiomyocytes. The decryption of the cellular machinery starting from ECM sensing to iPSC differentiation calls for new in vitro methods. Conveniently, engineered biomaterials activating controlled integrin-mediated responses through chemical, physical, and geometrical designs are key to resolving this issue and could foster clinical translation of optimized iPSC-based technology. This review introduces the main integrin-dependent mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Special consideration is given to the integrin-iPSC linkage signalling chain in the cardiovascular field, focusing on biomaterial-based in vitro models to evaluate the relevance of this process in iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
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12
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Activation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by local stiffness involves YAP-dependent transcriptional signaling. Biomaterials 2018; 181:268-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Santoro R, Venkateswaran S, Amadeo F, Zhang R, Brioschi M, Callanan A, Agrifoglio M, Banfi C, Bradley M, Pesce M. Acrylate-based materials for heart valve scaffold engineering. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:154-167. [PMID: 29148548 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00854f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most frequent cardiac valve pathology. Its standard treatment consists of surgical replacement either with mechanical (metal made) or biological (animal tissue made) valve prostheses, both of which have glaring deficiencies. In the search for novel materials to manufacture artificial valve tissue, we have conducted a high-throughput screening with subsequent up-scaling to identify non-degradable polymer substrates that promote valve interstitial cells (VICs) adherence/growth and, at the same time, prevent their evolution toward a pro-calcific phenotype. Here, we provide evidence that one of the two identified 'hit' polymers, poly(methoxyethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate), provided robust VICs adhesion and maintained the healthy VICs phenotype without inducing pro-osteogenic differentiation. This ability was also maintained when the polymer was used to coat a non-woven poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffold using a novel solvent coating procedure, followed by bioreactor-assisted VICs seeding. Since we observed that VICs had an increased secretion of the elastin-maturing component MFAP4 in addition to other valve-specific extracellular matrix components, we conclude that valve implants constructed with this polyacrylate will drive the biological response of human valve-specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Choe JA, Jana S, Tefft BJ, Hennessy RS, Go J, Morse D, Lerman A, Young MD. Biomaterial characterization of off-the-shelf decellularized porcine pericardial tissue for use in prosthetic valvular applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1608-1620. [PMID: 29749108 PMCID: PMC6055610 DOI: 10.1002/term.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fixed pericardial tissue is commonly used for commercially available xenograft valve implants, and has proven durability, but lacks the capability to remodel and grow. Decellularized porcine pericardial tissue has the promise to outperform fixed tissue and remodel, but the decellularization process has been shown to damage the collagen structure and reduce mechanical integrity of the tissue. Therefore, a comparison of uniaxial tensile properties was performed on decellularized, decellularized-sterilized, fixed, and native porcine pericardial tissue versus native valve leaflet cusps. The results of non-parametric analysis showed statistically significant differences (p < .05) between the stiffness of decellularized versus native pericardium and native cusps as well as fixed tissue, respectively; however, decellularized tissue showed large increases in elastic properties. Porosity testing of the tissues showed no statistical difference between decellularized and decell-sterilized tissue compared with native cusps (p > .05). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that valvular endothelial and interstitial cells colonized the decellularized pericardial surface when seeded and grown for 30 days in static culture. Collagen assays and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed limited reductions in collagen with processing; yet glycosaminoglycan assays showed great reductions in the processed pericardium relative to native cusps. Decellularized pericardium had comparatively low mechanical properties among the groups studied; yet the stiffness was comparatively similar to the native cusps and demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity. Suture retention, accelerated wear, and hydrodynamic testing of prototype decellularized and decell-sterilized valves showed positive functionality. Sterilized tissue could mimic valvular mechanical environment in vitro, therefore making it a viable potential candidate for off-the-shelf tissue-engineered valvular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Choe
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | | | | | - Jason Go
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - David Morse
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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Amadeo F, Boschetti F, Polvani G, Banfi C, Pesce M, Santoro R. Aortic valve cell seeding into decellularized animal pericardium by perfusion-assisted bioreactor. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1481-1493. [PMID: 29702745 DOI: 10.1002/term.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal-derived pericardium is the elective tissue employed in manufacturing heart valve prostheses. The preparation of this tissue for biological valve production consists of fixation with aldehydes, which reduces, but not eliminates, the xenoantigens and the donor cellular material. As a consequence, especially in patients below 65-70 years of age, the employment of valve substitutes contaning pericardium is not indicated due to progressive calcification that causes tissue degeneration and recurrence of valve insufficiency. Decellularization with ionic or nonionic detergents has been proposed as an alternative procedure to prepare aldehyde- or xenoantigen-free pericardium for biological valve manufacturing. In the present contribution, we optimized a decellularization procedure that is permissive for seeding and culturing valve competent cells able to colonize and reconstitute a valve-like tissue. A high-efficiency cellularization was achieved by forcing cell penetration inside the pericardium matrix using a perfusion bioreactor. Because the decellularization procedure was found not to alter the collagen composition of the pericardial matrix and cells seeded in the tissue constructs consistently grew and acquired the phenotype of "quiescent" valve interstitial cells, our investigation sets a novel standard in pericardium application for tissue engineering of "living" valve implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Amadeo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Polvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unità di Proteomica, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Bagno A, Aguiari P, Fiorese M, Iop L, Spina M, Gerosa G. Native Bovine and Porcine Pericardia Respond to Load With Additive Recruitment of Collagen Fibers. Artif Organs 2017; 42:540-548. [PMID: 29280157 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine and porcine pericardia are currently used for manufacturing prosthetic heart valves: their design has become an increasingly important area of investigation in parallel with progressively expanding indications for the transcutaneous approach to heart valves replacement. Before being cut and shaped, pericardial tissues are expected to be properly characterized. Actually, the mechanical assessment of these biomaterials lacks standardized protocols. In particular, the role of preconditioning for achieving a constant mechanical response of tissue samples is still controversial. In the present work, the mechanical response to uniaxial load of native bovine and porcine pericardia, with and without preconditioning was assessed; moreover, the mechanical behavior of pericardia was investigated and explained. It was demonstrated that: (i) pericardial tissue samples hold memory of the loading history but just within the extent of the deformation applied; (ii) the behavior of native bovine and porcine pericardia in response to load is explained by a mechanism based on the additive recruitment of collagen fibers; (iii) the current concept that plasticity is absent in pericardium has to be at least in part reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Aguiari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorese
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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