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Xu W, Yu F, Addison O, Zhang B, Guan F, Zhang R, Hou B, Sand W. Microbial corrosion of metallic biomaterials in the oral environment. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:22-36. [PMID: 38942189 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of microorganisms have been closely linked to metal corrosion in the form of adherent surface biofilms. Biofilms allow the development and maintenance of locally corrosive environments and/or permit direct corrosion including pitting corrosion. The presence of numerous genetically distinct microorganisms in the oral environment poses a threat to the integrity and durability of the surface of metallic prostheses and implants used in routine dentistry. However, the association between oral microorganisms and specific corrosion mechanisms is not clear. It is of practical importance to understand how microbial corrosion occurs and the associated risks to metallic materials in the oral environment. This knowledge is also important for researchers and clinicians who are increasingly concerned about the biological activity of the released corrosion products. Accordingly, the main goal was to comprehensively review the current literature regarding oral microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) including characteristics of biofilms and of the oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behavior in the presence of oral microorganisms and potentially mitigating technologies. Findings included that oral MIC has been ascribed mostly to aggressive metabolites secreted during microbial metabolism (metabolite-mediated MIC). However, from a thermodynamic point of view, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms (EET-MIC) through pili or electron transfer compounds cannot be ruled out. Various MIC mitigating methods have been demonstrated to be effective in short term, but long term evaluations are necessary before clinical applications can be considered. Currently most in-vitro studies fail to simulate the complexity of intraoral physiological conditions which may either reduce or exacerbate corrosion risk, which must be addressed in future studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A thorough analysis on literature regarding oral MIC (microbiologically influenced corrosion) of biomedical metallic materials has been carried out, including characteristics of oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behaviors in the presence of typical oral microorganisms and potential mitigating methods (materials design and surface design). There is currently a lack of mechanistic understanding of oral MIC which is very important not only to corrosion researchers but also to dentists and clinicians. This paper discusses the significance of biofilms from a biocorrosion perspective and summarizes several aspects of MIC mechanisms which could be caused by oral microorganisms. Oral MIC has been closely associated with not only the materials research but also the dental/clinical research fields in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral Clinical Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Biofilm Centre, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Gopalakrishnan U, Felicita AS, Mahendra L, Kanji MA, Varadarajan S, Raj AT, Feroz SMA, Mehta D, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Assessing the Potential Association Between Microbes and Corrosion of Intra-Oral Metallic Alloy-Based Dental Appliances Through a Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:631103. [PMID: 33791285 PMCID: PMC8005604 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.631103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Systematic review assessing the association between oral microorganisms and corrosion of intra-oral metallic alloy-based dental appliances. Design: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using keyword combinations such as microbes and oral and corrosion; microbes and dental and corrosion; microorganisms and oral and corrosion; microorganisms and dental and corrosion. Results: Out of 141 articles, only 25 satisfied the selection criteria. Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfate oxidizing bacteria, Veilonella, Actinomyces, Candida albicans were found to have a potential association with corrosion of intraoral metallic alloys such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel, cobalt-chromium, neodymium-iron-boron magnets, zirconia, amalgam, copper aluminum, and precious metal alloys. Conclusion: The included studies inferred an association between oral microorganisms and intra-oral metallic alloys-based dental appliances, although, it is vital to acknowledge that most studies in the review employed an in-vitro simulation of the intra-oral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Sumathi Felicita
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Lodd Mahendra
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Masroor Ahmed Kanji
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Applied Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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De la Garza-Ramos MA, Estupiñan-Lopez FH, Gaona-Tiburcio C, Beltrán-Novelo LG, Zambrano-Robledo P, Cabral-Miramontes J, Almeraya-Calderón F. Electrochemical Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy Used in Dental Implants Immersed in Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4185. [PMID: 32967071 PMCID: PMC7560454 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, is used in dentistry for dental implants because of its excellent resistance to corrosion and its high biocompatibility. However, periimplantitis is considered the main reason for treatment failure. The Ti6Al4V alloy was used to study the corrosion behavior for dental implant applications, using an experimental arrangement of three electrodes with the bacteria Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum, in addition to Ringer's lactate as electrolytes, at 37 °C and a pH of 5.6. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) according to ASTM G3-14 and ASTM G61-11, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the morphology of the alloy studied. An experimental model, in situ, was established with the bacteria present in an oral environment to understand the electrochemical behavior of the alloy used in dental implants. The greatest corrosion in Ti6Al4V alloy was produced by the medium that contained the bacterium Streptococcus gordonii, which is considered a primary colonizer. In addition, the Ti6Al4V alloy presented uniform corrosion in the three solutions at the different exposure times showing a negative hysteresis in CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam A. De la Garza-Ramos
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico;
| | - Francisco H. Estupiñan-Lopez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico; (F.H.E.-L.); (C.G.-T.); (P.Z.-R.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico; (F.H.E.-L.); (C.G.-T.); (P.Z.-R.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Lucía G. Beltrán-Novelo
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Facultad de Odontología, Calle 60 # 491-A x 57, Centro Histórico, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Zambrano-Robledo
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico; (F.H.E.-L.); (C.G.-T.); (P.Z.-R.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - José Cabral-Miramontes
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico; (F.H.E.-L.); (C.G.-T.); (P.Z.-R.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Facundo Almeraya-Calderón
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, FIME-Centro de Investigación e Innovación en ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico; (F.H.E.-L.); (C.G.-T.); (P.Z.-R.); (J.C.-M.)
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Effect of Saliva and Mucin-Based Saliva Substitutes on Fretting Processes of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of research of the fretting process of 316 austenitic stainless steel in the environment of natural saliva and mucin-based saliva preparations. The aim of the work was the evaluation of synthetic saliva preparations on biomaterial wear during fretting and fretting-corrosion. The fretting process, in the oscillatory micro-movements conditions, occurs in the joints of removable dentures, especially during the chewing phase. Fretting usually leads to the intensification of fatigue damage processes of materials. Experimental research, through rheological, fretting, fretting-corrosion, and microscopic analysis were performed. Tests indicate that natural saliva and saliva preparations are similar in terms of viscoelastic properties. The statistically significant proposed saliva solutions reduced the material wear in comparison to dry sliding, which is important in the case of people with saliva secretion problem. The addition of xanthan gum to the artificial saliva composition improved rheological characteristics, but on the other hand, led to an increase of secondary wear. It was confirmed by the volumetric wear of the samples and evaluation of energy dissipated during friction. Fretting-corrosion processes were explained by a mechanism related to crevice corrosion supported by friction.
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Mystkowska J, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Łysik D, Tokajuk G, Dąbrowski JR, Bucki R. The Role of Oral Cavity Biofilm on Metallic Biomaterial Surface Destruction-Corrosion and Friction Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E743. [PMID: 29509686 PMCID: PMC5877604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic biomaterials in the oral cavity are exposed to many factors such as saliva, bacterial microflora, food, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical forces. Extreme conditions present in the oral cavity affect biomaterial exploitation and significantly reduce its biofunctionality, limiting the time of exploitation stability. We mainly refer to friction, corrosion, and biocorrosion processes. Saliva plays an important role and is responsible for lubrication and biofilm formation as a transporter of nutrients for microorganisms. The presence of metallic elements in the oral cavity may lead to the formation of electro-galvanic cells and, as a result, may induce corrosion. Transitional microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria may also be present among the metabolic microflora in the oral cavity, which can induce biological corrosion. Microorganisms that form a biofilm locally change the conditions on the surface of biomaterials and contribute to the intensification of the biocorrosion processes. These processes may enhance allergy to metals, inflammation, or cancer development. On the other hand, the presence of saliva and biofilm may significantly reduce friction and wear on enamel as well as on biomaterials. This work summarizes data on the influence of saliva and oral biofilms on the destruction of metallic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mystkowska
- Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Tokajuk
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jan R Dąbrowski
- Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Li X, Duan J, Xiao H, Li Y, Liu H, Guan F, Zhai X. Analysis of Bacterial Community Composition of Corroded Steel Immersed in Sanya and Xiamen Seawaters in China via Method of Illumina MiSeq Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1737. [PMID: 28955315 PMCID: PMC5601074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal corrosion is of worldwide concern because it is the cause of major economic losses, and because it creates significant safety issues. The mechanism of the corrosion process, as influenced by bacteria, has been studied extensively. However, the bacterial communities that create the biofilms that form on metals are complicated, and have not been well studied. This is why we sought to analyze the composition of bacterial communities living on steel structures, together with the influence of ecological factors on these communities. The corrosion samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that were immersed in seawater for two different periods at Sanya and Xiamen, China. We analyzed the bacterial communities on the samples by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacteria fell into 13 phylotypes (similarity level = 97%). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, accounting for 88.84% of the total. Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant classes, and accounted for 70.90% of the total. Desulfovibrio spp., Desulfobacter spp. and Desulfotomaculum spp. were the dominant genera and accounted for 45.87% of the total. These genera are sulfate-reducing bacteria that are known to corrode steel. Bacterial diversity on the 6 months immersion samples was much higher than that of the samples that had been immersed for 8 years (P < 0.001, Student’s t-test). The average complexity of the biofilms from the 8-years immersion samples from Sanya was greater than those from Xiamen, but not significantly so (P > 0.05, Student’s t-test). Overall, the data showed that the rust layers on the steel plates carried many bacterial species. The bacterial community composition was influenced by the immersion time. The results of our study will be of benefit to the further studies of bacterial corrosion mechanisms and corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Yongqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Fang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
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