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Guo W, Song X, Liu J, Liu W, Chu X, Lei Z. Quantum Dots as a Potential Multifunctional Material for the Enhancement of Clinical Diagnosis Strategies and Cancer Treatments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1088. [PMID: 38998693 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) represent a class of nanoscale wide bandgap semiconductors, and are primarily composed of metals, lipids, or polymers. Their unique electronic and optical properties, which stem from their wide bandgap characteristics, offer significant advantages for early cancer detection and treatment. Metal QDs have already demonstrated therapeutic potential in early tumor imaging and therapy. However, biological toxicity has led to the development of various non-functionalized QDs, such as carbon QDs (CQDs), graphene QDs (GQDs), black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs) and perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). To meet the diverse needs of clinical cancer treatment, functionalized QDs with an array of modifications (lipid, protein, organic, and inorganic) have been further developed. These advancements combine the unique material properties of QDs with the targeted capabilities of biological therapy to effectively kill tumors through photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other means. In addition to tumor-specific therapy, the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs has gradually increased with technological progress, enabling their significant application in both in vivo and in vitro imaging. This review delves into the role of QDs in the development and improvement of clinical cancer treatments, emphasizing their wide bandgap semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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2
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Qi J, Zhang P, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zong M, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu X, Li B. Metal-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: From design to implementation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32133. [PMID: 38868052 PMCID: PMC11168406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterials, show great potential for application in several fields due to their unique nano-size effect, easy surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. Conventional preparation methods for CDs typically involve top-down and bottom-up approaches. Doping is a major step forward in CDs design methodology. Chemical doping includes both non-metal and metal doping, in which non-metal doping is an effective strategy for modulating the fluorescence properties of CDs and improving photocatalytic performance in several areas. In recent years, Metal-doped CDs have aroused the interest of academics as a promising nano-doping technique. This approach has led to improvements in the physicochemical and optical properties of CDs by altering their electron density distribution and bandgap capacity. Additionally, the issues of metal toxicity and utilization have been addressed to a large extent. In this review, we categorize metals into two major groups: transition group metals and rare-earth group metals, and an overview of recent advances in biomedical applications of these two categories, respectively. Meanwhile, the prospects and the challenges of metal-doped CDs for biomedical applications are reviewed and concluded. The aim of this paper is to break through the existing deficiencies of metal-doped CDs and fully exploit their potential. I believe that this review will broaden the insight into the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal-doped CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
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3
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Ayisha Naziba T, Praveen Kumar D, Karthikeyan S, Sriramajayam S, Djanaguiraman M, Sundaram S, Ghamari M, Prasada Rao R, Ramakrishna S, Ramesh D. Biomass Derived Biofluorescent Carbon Dots for Energy Applications: Current Progress and Prospects. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400030. [PMID: 38837295 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomass resources are often disposed of inefficiently and it causes environmental degradation. These wastes can be turned into bio-products using effective conversion techniques. The synthesis of high-value bio-products from biomass adheres to the principles of a sustainable circular economy in a variety of industries, including agriculture. Recently, fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) derived from biowastes have emerged as a breakthrough in the field, showcasing outstanding fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. The C-dots exhibit unique quantum confinement properties due to their small size, contributing to their exceptional fluorescence. The significance of their fluorescent properties lies in their versatile applications, particularly in bio-imaging and energy devices. Their rapid and straight-forward production using green/chemical precursors has further accelerated their adoption in diverse applications. The use of green precursors for C-dot not only addresses the biomass disposal issue through a scientific approach, but also establishes a path for a circular economy. This approach not only minimizes biowaste, which also harnesses the potential of fluorescent C-dots to contribute to sustainable practices in agriculture. This review explores recent developments and challenges in synthesizing high-quality C-dots from agro-residues, shedding light on their crucial role in advancing technologies for a cleaner and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ayisha Naziba
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Centre for Post-Harvest Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Praveen Kumar
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathya Mangalam, 638 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Centre for Post-Harvest Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sriramajayam
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, 628 252., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Djanaguiraman
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Centre for Post-Harvest Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilarasu Sundaram
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Mehrdad Ghamari
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - R Prasada Rao
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering, Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering, Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - D Ramesh
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Centre for Post-Harvest Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Gao F, Liu J, Tang Q, Jiang Y. The Guidelines for the Design and Synthesis of Transition Metal Atom Doped Carbon Dots. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300485. [PMID: 38103035 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Atoms doping is a practical approach to modulate the physicochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and thus has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Compared to non-metal atoms, transition metal atoms (TMAs) possess more unoccupied orbitals and larger atomic radii. TMAs doping can significantly alter the electronic structure of CDs and bestow them with new intrinsic characteristics. TMAs-doped CDs have exhibited widespread application potential as a new class of single-atom-based nanomaterials. However, challenges remain for the successful preparation and precise design of TMAs-doped CDs. The key to successfully preparing TMA-doped CDs lies in anchoring TMAs to the carbon precursors before the reaction. Herein, taking the formation mechanism of TMAs-doped CDs as a starting point, we systematically summarized the ligands employed for synthesizing TMAs-doped CDs and proposed the synthetic strategy involving multiple ligands. Additionally, we summarize the functional properties imparted to CDs by different TMA dopants to guide the design of TMA-doped CDs with different functional characteristics. Finally, we describe the bottlenecks TMAs-doped CDs face and provide an outlook on their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and child health care hospital of Shandong province, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and child health care hospital of Shandong province, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and child health care hospital of Shandong province, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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5
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Chu D, Qu H, Huang X, Shi Y, Li K, Lin W, Xu Z, Li D, Chen H, Gao L, Wang W, Wang H. Manganese Amplifies Photoinduced ROS in Toluidine Blue Carbon Dots to Boost MRI Guided Chemo/Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304968. [PMID: 37715278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The contrast agents and tumor treatments currently used in clinical practice are far from satisfactory, due to the specificity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Identification of diagnostic and therapeutic reagents with strong contrast and therapeutic effect remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel carbon dot nanozyme (Mn-CD) is synthesized for the first time using toluidine blue (TB) and manganese as raw materials. As expected, the enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging capability of Mn-CDs is realized in response to the TME (acidity and glutathione), and r1 and r2 relaxation rates are enhanced by 224% and 249%, respectively. In addition, the photostability of Mn-CDs is also improved, and show an efficient singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) yield of 1.68. Moreover, Mn-CDs can also perform high-efficiency peroxidase (POD)-like activity and catalyze hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals, which is greatly improved under the light condition. The results both in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that the Mn-CDs are able to achieve real-time MR imaging of TME responsiveness through aggregation of the enhanced permeability and retention effect at tumor sites and facilitate light-enhanced chemodynamic and photodynamic combination therapies. This work opens a new perspective in terms of the role of carbon nanomaterials in integrated diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchuan Chu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Hang Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xueping Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ke Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wenzheng Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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6
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Tariq M, Shivalkar S, Hasan H, Sahoo AK, Sk MP. Manganese Doping in Biomass Derived Carbon Dots Amplifies White Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49460-49466. [PMID: 38162730 PMCID: PMC10753716 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections demands effective alternative therapeutics of antibiotics, whereas biocompatible zero-dimensional nanomaterials are an excellent option due to their small size. In this study, we report the one-step hydrothermal approach that was used to synthesize luminescent manganese doped carbon dots (Mn-Cdots) with an efficient quantum yield of 9.2% by employing green Psidium guajava L. (Guava) leaf as the precursor. High-resolution microscopy TEM was used to investigate the average particle size of Mn-Cdots, which was found to be 2.9 ± 0.045 nm. The structural properties and elemental composition of Mn-Cdots were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, EPR, and XPS spectroscopy, and the optical properties of Mn-Cdots were examined by UV-visible and fluorescent spectroscopy. Light-mediated antibacterial activity of Mn-Cdots was investigated by Gram-negative bacteria E. coli under white, blue, and yellow light. The doping effect of a minute quantity of Mn in Mn-Cdots increased the level of ROS generation in the presence of white lights compared to Cdots. Thus, Mn-Cdots might act as potent antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tariq
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of
Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211012 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hammad Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of
Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211012 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Palashuddin Sk
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Zhong Y, Chen L, Yu S, Yang Y, Liu X. Advances in Magnetic Carbon Dots: A Theranostics Platform for Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging and Therapy for Tumors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6548-6566. [PMID: 37945516 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics technology that combines tumor diagnosis or monitoring with therapy is an important direction for the future development of tumor treatment. It takes advantage of efficiently observing tumor tissues, monitoring tumor treatment in real time, and significantly improving the cure efficiency. Magnetic carbon dots (CDs) are of wide interest as molecular imaging probes, drug carriers, photosensitizers, and radiosensitizers in the integration of tumor fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal diagnosis and treatment because of their small size, good optical stability, magnetic relaxation rate, and biocompatibility. This review first analyzes and compares the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of magnetic CDs in recent years and then concludes their mechanism in tumor fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging and therapy in details. Subsequently, the research progress of their application in tumor theranostics are summarized. Finally, the problems and challenges of magnetic CDs for development at this stage are prospected. This review provides new ideas for their controlled synthesis and application in efficient and precise therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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8
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Du R, Zhao Z, Cui J, Li Y. Manganese-Based Nanotheranostics for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Mediated Precise Cancer Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6077-6099. [PMID: 37908669 PMCID: PMC10614655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s426311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a competitive imaging modality for cancer diagnosis due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, high resolution and excellent biocompatibility. In recent years, a variety of Mn contrast agents based on different material systems have been synthesized, and a series of multi-purpose Mn nanocomposites have also emerged, showing satisfactory relaxation efficiency and MRI performance thus possess the transformation and application value in MRI-synergized cancer diagnosis and treatment. This tutorial review starts from the classification and properties of Mn-based nanomaterials, and then summarizes various preparation and functionalization strategies of nanosized Mn contrast agents, especially focuses on the latest progress of Mn contrast agents in MRI-synergized precise cancer theranostics. In addition, present review also discusses the current clinical transformation obstacles such as unclear molecular mechanisms, potential nanotoxicity, and scale production constraints. This paper provides evidence-based recommendations about the future prospects of multifunctional nanoplatforms, as well as technical guidance and panoramic expectations for the design of clinically meaningful cancer management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
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Gedda G, Sankaranarayanan SA, Putta CL, Gudimella KK, Rengan AK, Girma WM. Green synthesis of multi-functional carbon dots from medicinal plant leaves for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6371. [PMID: 37076562 PMCID: PMC10115846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research work, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the renewable leaves of an indigenous medicinal plant by the one-pot sand bath method, Azadirachta indica. The synthesized CDs were characterized for its optical properties using UV-Vis, Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and for structural properties using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized CDs exhibited concentration dependent biocompatibility when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cell line. The EC50 values of biomedical studies, free radical scavenging activity (13.87 μgmL-1), and total antioxidant capacity (38 μgmL-1) proved CDs were exceptionally good. These CDs showed an appreciable zone of inhibition when examined on four bacterial (two gram-positive and gram-negative) and two fungal strains at minimum concentrations. Cellular internalisation studies performed on human breast cancer cells (MCF 7- bioimaging) revealed the applicability of CDs in bioimaging, wherein the inherent fluorescence of CDs were utilised. Thus, the CDs developed are potential as bioimaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Gedda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Sri Amruthaa Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Chandra Lekha Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Krishna Kanthi Gudimella
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Rudraram, Telangana, 502329, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
| | - Wubshet Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
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10
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Kang W, Lee A, Tae Y, Lee B, Choi JS. Enhancing catalytic efficiency of carbon dots by modulating their Mn doping and chemical structure with metal salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8996-9002. [PMID: 36936848 PMCID: PMC10022490 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are emerging materials in various fields owing to their advantages over natural enzymes, such as controllable and facile synthesis, tunability in catalytic activities, cost-effectiveness, and high stability under stringent conditions. In this study, the effect of metal salts on the formation and catalytic activity of carbon dots (CDs), a promising nanozyme, is demonstrated. By introducing Mn sources that possess different counter anions, the chemical structure and composition of the CDs produced are affected, thereby influencing their enzymatic activities. The synergistic catalytic effect of the Mn and N-doped CDs (Mn&N-CDs) is induced by effective metal doping in the carbogenic domain and a high proportion of graphitic and pyridinic N. This highly enhanced catalytic effect of Mn&N-CDs allows them to respond sensitively to the interference factors of enzymatic reactions. Consequently, ascorbic acid, which is an essential nutrient for maintaining our health and is a reactive oxygen scavenger, can be successfully monitored using color change by forming oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine with H2O2 and Mn&N-CDs. This study provides a basic understanding of the formation of CDs and how their catalytic properties can be controlled by the addition of different metal sources, thereby providing guidelines for the development of CDs for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Ahyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Yoonjin Tae
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Byeongseung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
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11
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Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhu T, Sang Z, Guo X, Sun Y, Hao Y, Wang W. Hypoxia mitigation by manganese-doped carbon dots for synergistic photodynamic therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1153196. [PMID: 37152644 PMCID: PMC10157228 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1153196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for cancer treatment due to its non-invasive and precise effectiveness, however, hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment greatly limits the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Compared with conventional photosensitizers, carbon dots (CDs) have great potential. Therefore, developing a water-soluble, low-toxicity photosensitizer based on CDs is particularly important, especially one that can enhance the photodynamic efficacy using the tumor microenvironment to produce oxygen. Herein, manganese-doped carbon dot (Mn-CDs, ∼2.7 nm) nanoenzymes with excellent biocompatibility were prepared by a solvothermal method using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid manganese disodium salt hydrate and o-phenylenediamine as precursors. TEM, AFM, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, ζ potential, DLS, UV-Vis, and PL spectra were used to characterize the Mn-CDs. Cancer resistance was assessed using the CCK-8 kit, calcein AM versus propidium iodide (PI) kit, and the Annexin V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis assay kit. The obtained Mn-CDs have excellent near-infrared emission properties, stability, and efficient 1O2 generation. Notably, the manganese doping renders CDs with catalase (CAT)-like activity, which leads to the decomposition of acidic H2O2 in situ to generate O2, enhancing the PDT efficacy against OSCC-9 cells under 635 nm (300 mW·cm-2) irradiation. Thus, this work provides a simple and feasible method for the development of water-soluble photosensitizers with oxygen production, presenting good biosafety for PDT in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhi Xu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqin Sang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanping Hao, ; Wanchun Wang,
| | - Wanchun Wang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanping Hao, ; Wanchun Wang,
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12
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Saini S, Kumar K, Saini P, Mahawar DK, Rathore KS, Kumar S, Dandia A, Parewa V. Sustainable synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots and their catalytic application for the assessment of α,β-unsaturated compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32619-32629. [PMID: 36425689 PMCID: PMC9661692 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a simple, reproducible, and environment-friendly strategy for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) utilizing the mango (Mangifera indica) kernel as a renewable green carbon source. Various analytical tools characterized the as-prepared CQDs. These fluorescent CQDs showed significant water solubility with a uniform size of about 6 nm. The as-synthesized CQDs show significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the production of α,β-unsaturated compounds from the derivatives of aromatic alkynes and aldehydes under microwave irradiation in aqueous media. A potential mechanistic pathway and role of carboxylic functionalities were also revealed via various control experiments. The protocol shows outstanding selectivity towards the assessment of α,β-unsaturated compounds over other possible products. A comparative evaluation suggested the as-synthesized CQDs show higher catalytic activity under microwave radiation as compared to the conventional ways. These recyclable CQDs represent a sustainable alternative to metals in synthetic organic chemistry. A cleaner reaction profile, low catalyst loading, economic viability and recyclability of the catalyst, atom economy, and comprehensive substrate applicability are additional benefits of the current protocol according to green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
- Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena, Inst. Anorgan. & Analyt. Chem. Humboldt Str 8 D-07743 Jena Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mahawar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Kuldeep S Rathore
- Department of Physics, Arya College of Engineering and IT Jaipur India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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13
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Ye H, Liu B, Wang J, Zhou C, Xiong Z, Zhao L. A Hydrothermal Method to Generate Carbon Quantum Dots from Waste Bones and Their Detection of Laundry Powder. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196479. [PMID: 36235015 PMCID: PMC9571562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are one of the major pollutants in laundry powder, which have an impact on the environment and human health. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are spherical zero-dimensional fluorescent nanoparticles with great potential for fluorescent probing, electrochemical biosensing and ion sensing. Herein, a bottom-up approach was developed for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass to detect laundry detergent and laundry powder. Waste chicken bones were used as carbon precursors after being dried, crushed and reacted with pure water at 180 °C for 4 h to generate CQDs, which exhibited a monodisperse quasi-spherical structure with an average particle size of 3.2 ± 0.2 nm. Functional groups, including -OH, C=O, C=C and C-O, were identified on the surface of the prepared CQDs. The optimal fluorescence excitation wavelength of the yellow-brown CQDs was 380 nm, with a corresponding emission peak at 465 nm. CQDs did not significantly increase cell death in multiple cell lines at concentrations of 200 µg·mL−1. Fluorescence enhancement of CQDs was observed after addition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, a major anionic surfactant in laundry powder. A linear relationship between fluorescence enhancement CQDs and the concentration of laundry powder was established. Thus, a hydrothermal method was developed to generate CQDs from waste biomass that may be used as a fluorescent probe to detect laundry powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.)
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Sekar R, Basavegowda N, Jena S, Jayakodi S, Elumalai P, Chaitanyakumar A, Somu P, Baek KH. Recent Developments in Heteroatom/Metal-Doped Carbon Dot-Based Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091869. [PMID: 36145617 PMCID: PMC9504834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are advanced nanomaterials with a size of 2–10 nm and are considered zero-dimensional carbonaceous materials. CNDs have received great attention in the area of cancer theranostics. The majority of review articles have shown the improvement of CNDs for use in cancer therapy and bioimaging applications. However, there is a minimal number of consolidated studies on the currently developed doped CNDs that are used in various ways in cancer therapies. Hence, in this review, we discuss the current developments in different types of heteroatom elements/metal ion-doped CNDs along with their preparations, physicochemical and biological properties, multimodal-imaging, and emerging applications in image-guided photodynamic therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saktishree Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhoshkumar Jayakodi
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amballa Chaitanyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak University, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-810-3029
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Irmawati R, Hashim HS, Ramdzan NSM, Fauzi NIM. A Review on Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application in Optical Sensor for Environmental Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142365. [PMID: 35889589 PMCID: PMC9321155 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbon dots (CDs), either using green or chemical precursors, has inevitably led to their wide range application, from bioimaging to optoelectronic devices. The reported precursors and properties of these CDs have opened new opportunities for the future development of high-quality CDs and applications. Green precursors were classified into fruits, vegetables, flowers, leaves, seeds, stem, crop residues, fungi/bacteria species, and waste products, while the chemical precursors were classified into acid reagents and non-acid reagents. This paper quickly reviews ten years of the synthesis of CDs using green and chemical precursors. The application of CDs as sensing materials in optical sensor techniques for environmental monitoring, including the detection of heavy metal ions, phenol, pesticides, and nitroaromatic explosives, was also discussed in this review. This profound review will offer knowledge for the upcoming community of researchers interested in synthesizing high-quality CDs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramli Irmawati
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaila Hashim
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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16
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Sundarraj S, Ganeshbabu M, Kumar P, Selvan RK. Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212756. [PMID: 35929302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi - 626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mariappan Ganeshbabu
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Xiong J, Zhang H, Qin L, Zhang S, Cao J, Jiang H. Magnetic Fluorescent Quantum Dots Nanocomposites in Food Contaminants Analysis: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084088. [PMID: 35456904 PMCID: PMC9028821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of food contaminants can cause foodborne illnesses, posing a severe threat to human health. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and convenient method for monitoring food contaminants is eagerly needed. The complex matrix interferences of food samples and poor performance of existing sensing probes bring significant challenges to improving detection performances. Nanocomposites with multifunctional features provide a solution to these problems. The combination of the superior characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (QDs) to fabricate magnetic fluorescent quantum dots (MNPs@QDs) nanocomposites are regarded as an ideal multifunctional probe for food contaminants analysis. The high-efficiency pretreatment and rapid fluorescence detection are concurrently integrated into one sensing platform using MNPs@QDs nanocomposites. In this review, the contemporary synthetic strategies to fabricate MNPs@QDs, including hetero-crystalline growth, template embedding, layer-by-layer assembly, microemulsion technique, and one-pot method, are described in detail, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The recent advances of MNPs@QDs nanocomposites in detecting metal ions, foodborne pathogens, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, and illegal additives are comprehensively introduced from the perspectives of modes and detection performances. The review ends with current challenges and opportunities in practical applications and prospects in food contaminants analysis, aiming to promote the enthusiasm for multifunctional sensing platform research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Linqian Qin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-4478; Fax: +86-010-6273-1032
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18
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Irmania N, Dehvari K, Chang JY. Multifunctional MnCuInSe/ZnS quantum dots for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1617-1628. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282211068959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, manganese (Mn)-doped CuInSe quantum dots (QDs) with a ZnS passivation layer (MnCuInSe/ZnS) have been synthesized via a one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction using glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer. The MnCuInSe/ZnS core-shell QDs combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), excitation-dependent red emission, and reactive oxygen radical generation functions, in which regulation of Mn2+ incorporation leads to synergistic imaging and therapeutic modalities. The MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs exhibit high colloidal and photochemical stability in simulated media and at different pH values. An r2/r1 ratio of 9.99 was calculated from MRI studies suggesting their potential application as dual-modal imaging agents. Based on in vitro tests on Hela, B16, and HepG2 cell lines, it is apparent that MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs impose no significant cytotoxicity in the dark, while they can efficiently generate singlet oxygen radicals for photodynamic therapy of cancers, killing more than 80% of B16 cells within 5 min of laser irradiation (671 nm, 1 W cm−2). Furthermore, in vitro fluorescence imaging and cellular internalization of QDs are examined to visualize cellular uptake and in situ ROS generation. Therefore, this research exemplifies a new set of multifunctional chalcogenide QDs for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novi Irmania
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Khalilalrahman Dehvari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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19
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Wang G, Zhang S, Cui J, Gao W, Rong X, Lu Y, Gao C. Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from chelating agent and used as fluorescent probes for accurate detection of ClO− and Cr(Ⅵ). Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Dandia A, Saini P, Sethi M, Kumar K, Saini S, Meena S, Meena S, Parewa V. Nanocarbons in quantum regime: An emerging sustainable catalytic platform for organic synthesis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1985866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Savita Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Swati Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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21
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Das M, Solanki A, Ganesh A, Thakore S. Emerging hybrid biomaterials for oxidative stress induced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102259. [PMID: 33737219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy has undergone tremendous advancements in the past few years. The drawbacks of most of these therapies have encouraged researchers to obtain further insight into the complex chemical, biochemical and biological processes ongoing in the evolving cancer cells. These studies have led to an advent of reactive oxygen species mediated therapies to target and disrupt the cancer pathology. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potent candidate for oxidative stress mediated non-invasive technique for rapid diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Towards this, biomacromolecules derived hybrid nanomaterials have contributed largely in the development of various therapeutics and theranostics for efficacious cancer management that can assist PDT. This review summarizes various hybrid biomaterials and advanced techniques that have been explored widely in the past few years for PDT application. The article also mentions some of the important in-vitro and in-vivo developments and observations explored by employing these materials for PDT application. The article also describes the interactions of these materials at the biological interface and the probable mechanism that assist in generation of oxidative stress and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 3960002, India
| | - Archana Solanki
- Research and Development Centre, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd, Bharuch, 392015, India
| | - Ashwini Ganesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 3960002, India
| | - Sonal Thakore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 3960002, India; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 3960002, India.
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22
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Abstract
The family of carbon nanostructures comprises several members, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. Their unique electronic properties have attracted great interest for their highly innovative potential in nanomedicine. However, their hydrophobic nature often requires organic solvents for their dispersibility and processing. In this review, we describe the green approaches that have been developed to produce and functionalize carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, with a special focus on the very latest reports.
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Sajjadi M, Nasrollahzadeh M, Jaleh B, Soufi GJ, Iravani S. Carbon-based nanomaterials for targeted cancer nanotherapy: recent trends and future prospects. J Drug Target 2021; 29:716-741. [PMID: 33566719 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1886301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming attractive materials due to their unique structural dimensions and promising mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon and graphene quantum dots have numerous applications in diverse areas, including biosensing, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, regenerative medicine, diagnosis, and cancer therapy. Cancer remains one of the major health problems all over the world, and several therapeutic approaches are focussed on designing targeted anticancer drug delivery nanosystems by applying benign and less hazardous resources with high biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, remarkable targeted therapy issues, and low adverse effects. This review highlights the recent development on these carbon based-nanomaterials in the field of targeted cancer therapy and discusses their possible and promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lou Y, Hao X, Liao L, Zhang K, Chen S, Li Z, Ou J, Qin A, Li Z. Recent advances of biomass carbon dots on syntheses, characterization, luminescence mechanism, and sensing applications. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lou
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Kaiyou Zhang
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Shuoping Chen
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Jun Ou
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Aimiao Qin
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials science and engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Yang B, Wu M, Pang S, Li D, Yang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang J, Yang X. One-pot synthesis of folic acid modified carbonized polymer dots with red emittision for selective imaging of cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:475501. [PMID: 32886652 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abadc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), as a novel fluorescent material, have broad application prospects in the fields of bio-imaging, bio-sensors, disease diagnosis and photovoltaic devices due to their low cost, low toxicity, easy modification and little environmental impact. In this paper, folic acid (FA) modified CPDs (FA-CPDs) are synthesized from p-Phenylenediamine (p-PD) and FA molecules using a traditional one pot hydrothermal reaction in order to detect cancer cells containing a folate receptor (FR). The synthesized FA-CPDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transfrom infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, UV-vis and fluorescence techniques. The red fluorescence emission is realized by doping phosphorus atoms into the carbonized polymer. Upon excitation at 513 nm, the maximum emission wavelength of FA-CPDs aqueous solution was obtained at 613 nm. Moreover, the as-prepared FA-CPDs exhibit excellent excitation-independent behavior and good stability with high quantum yield (QY) at about 30.6%. The binding of FA-CPDs with FRs on cancer cells produces target recognition and enters the cells through endocytosis. Additionally, it is worth noting that FA-CPDs have good biocompatibility and imaging in HeLa cells has been successfully achieved. Therefore, our FA-CPDs have potential applications as biocompatibility probes for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Caglayan MO, Mindivan F, Şahin S. Sensor and Bioimaging Studies Based on Carbon Quantum Dots: The Green Chemistry Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:814-847. [PMID: 33054365 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1828029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since carbon quantum dots have high photoluminescent efficiency, it has been a desired material in sensor and bioimaging applications. In recent years, the green chemistry approach has been preferred and the production of quantum dots has been reported in many studies using different precursors from natural, abundant, or waste sources. Hydrothermal, chemical oxidation, microwave supported, ultrasonic, solvothermal, pyrolysis, laser etching, solid-state, plasma, and electrochemical methods have been reported in the literature. In this review article, green chemistry strategies for carbon quantum dot synthesis is summarized and compared with conventional methods using methodologic and statistical data. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on sensor and bioimaging applications of carbon quantum dots produced with green synthesis approaches are presented with a special focus on the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ferda Mindivan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Samet Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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27
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Dehvari K, Chiu SH, Lin JS, Girma WM, Ling YC, Chang JY. Heteroatom doped carbon dots with nanoenzyme like properties as theranostic platforms for free radical scavenging, imaging, and chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:343-357. [PMID: 32682058 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based artificial nanoenzymes have gained increasing interest as emerging and promising nanotheranostic agents due to their biocompatibility, low cost, and straightforward production. Herein, a multifunctional Mn, N, and S incorporated carbon dots (MnNS:CDs) nanoenzyme exhibiting scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), photoluminescence quantum yield of 17.7%, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast was explored. The optical, magnetic, and antioxidant properties of MnNS:CDs were then regulated by control over Mn incorporation to achieve higher photostability and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, conjugation of MnNS:CDs with hyaluronic acid (HA) (denoted as MnNS:CDs@HA) endowed them with high biocompatibility, which is validated by in vivo studies on zebrafish, and the ability to specifically target cluster determinant 44 (CD44)-overexpressing B16F1 cells, as verified by in vitro confocal and MRI studies. The MnNS:CDs@HA probe with therapeutic antioxidant and dual-modal imaging capability was further assessed for non-covalent binding of doxorubicin (DOX) as a model chemotherapeutic cancer drug. Results showed that targeted delivery and pH-dependent release of DOX elicited apparent cell toxicity (90%) toward B16F1 cancer cells when compared to free DOX treatment group (60%). Benefiting from their intrinsic antioxidant properties, and dual-modal imaging ability, the MnNS:CDs@HA nanocarrier is projected to improve non-invasive targeted diagnosis and therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Carbon dots (CDs) have gained increasing interest as emerging and promising artificial functional nanomaterials that mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes. In this work, Mn, N, and S incorporated CDs (MnNS:CDs) were synthesized using a one-pot microwave hydrothermal method to serve as fluorescent and magnetic resonance imaging probes, and catalase mimics in the reduction of the oxidative-stress related damage. Further conjugation of the probes with hyaluronic acid endows them with a good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility as well as the capability to selectively target CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, as investigated by in vitro fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging. The dual-modal nanoprobe was then used to carry on doxorubicin through a non-covalent association. Favorably, targeted delivery, and pH-responsive release of doxorubicin enhanced cell killing efficiency by 50% as opposed to the free doxorubicin treatment group. The presented theranostic heteroatom doped CDs hold great promise for dual-modal imaging enabling accurate diagnosis coupled with therapeutic effect through free radical scavenging and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilalrahman Dehvari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wubshet Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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