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Colaco JC, Suresh B, Kaushal K, Singh V, Ramakrishna S. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Primary Bone Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01254-y. [PMID: 39177860 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a living, intricate, and dynamic tissue providing locomotion and protection of the body. It also performs hematopoiesis and mineral homeostasis. Osteosarcoma (OS), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and chondrosarcoma (CS) are primary bone cancers. OS and ES mostly develop in younger individuals, and CS generally develops in adults. Ubiquitination regulates numerous cellular processes. The deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the ubiquitin molecules from the ubiquitin labeled substrate, altering ubiquitinated protein functions and regulating protein stability via various signaling pathways. Protein homeostasis and bone remodeling are both crucially influenced by the UPS. Recently, there have been several reports on DUBs involved in bone homeostasis and various bone disorders through the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts via NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, TRAF6, TGFβ, ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt pathways. However, DUBs regulating function in bone homeostasis is still in its infancy. Here, we summarized several recent identifications on DUBs, with a focus on their role in bone cancer progression. Therefore, the study attempts to summarize association with the expression level of DUBs as key factors driving bone cancers and also provide new insights on DUBs as key pharmacologic targets for bone cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jencia Carminha Colaco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382715, India.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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2
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Xiao H, Li W, Qin Y, Lin Z, Qian C, Wu M, Xia Y, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk between Lipid Metabolism and Bone Homeostasis: Exploring Intricate Signaling Relationships. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0447. [PMID: 39165638 PMCID: PMC11334918 DOI: 10.34133/research.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue reshaped by constant bone formation and bone resorption to maintain its function. The skeletal system accounts for approximately 70% of the total volume of the body, and continuous bone remodeling requires quantities of energy and material consumption. Adipose tissue is the main energy storehouse of the body and has a strong adaptive capacity to participate in the regulation of various physiological processes. Considering that obesity and metabolic syndrome have become major public health challenges, while osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures have become other major health problems in the aging population, it would be interesting to explore these 2 diseases together. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are focusing on the interactions between multiple tissue systems, i.e., multiple organs and tissues that are functionally coordinated together and pathologically pathologically interact with each other in the body. However, there is lack of detailed reviews summarizing the effects of lipid metabolism on bone homeostasis and the interactions between adipose tissue and bone tissue. This review provides a detailed summary of recent advances in understanding how lipid molecules and adipose-derived hormones affect bone homeostasis, how bone tissue, as a metabolic organ, affects lipid metabolism, and how lipid metabolism is regulated by bone-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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3
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Lecka-Czernik B, Khan MP, Letson J, Baroi S, Chougule A. Regulatory Effect of Osteocytes on Extramedullary and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Development and Function. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:301-307. [PMID: 38625510 PMCID: PMC11186862 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes evidence on osteocyte support of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocyte development and discusses the role of endogenous osteocyte activities of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and alpha (PPARA) in this support. RECENT FINDINGS PPARG and PPARA proteins, key regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, are highly expressed in osteocytes. They play significant roles in the regulation of osteocyte secretome and osteocyte bioenergetics; both activities contributing to the levels of systemic energy metabolism in part through an effect on metabolic function of extramedullary and bone marrow adipocytes. The PPARs-controlled osteocyte endocrine/paracrine activities, including sclerostin expression, directly regulate adipocyte function, while the PPARs-controlled osteocyte fuel utilization and oxidative phosphorylation contribute to the skeletal demands for glucose and fatty acids, whose availability is under the control of adipocytes. Bone is an inherent element of systemic energy metabolism with PPAR nuclear receptors regulating osteocyte-adipocyte metabolic axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Harvard University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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4
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Bhadouria N, Holguin N. Osteoporosis treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and back pain: a perspective. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae048. [PMID: 38706880 PMCID: PMC11066806 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain derived from intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a debilitating spinal condition that, despite its prevalence, does not have any intermediary guidelines for pharmacological treatment between palliative care and invasive surgery. The development of treatments for the IVD is complicated by the variety of resident cell types needed to maintain the regionally distinct structural properties of the IVD that permit the safe, complex motions of the spine. Osteoporosis of the spine increases the risk of vertebral bone fracture that can increase the incidence of back pain. Fortunately, there are a variety of pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis that target osteoblasts, osteoclasts and/or osteocytes to build bone and prevent vertebral fracture. Of particular note, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs like bisphosphonates, intermittent parathyroid hormone, anti-sclerostin antibody, selective estrogen receptor modulators and anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand inhibitor denosumab may also relieve back pain. Here, we cite clinical and preclinical studies and include unpublished data to support the argument that a subset of these therapeutics for osteoporosis may alleviate low back pain by also targeting the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neharika Bhadouria
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Wei F, Hughes M, Omer M, Ngo C, Pugazhendhi AS, Kolanthai E, Aceto M, Ghattas Y, Razavi M, Kean TJ, Seal S, Coathup M. A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308698. [PMID: 38477537 PMCID: PMC11151083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
By 2060, an estimated one in four Americans will be elderly. Consequently, the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures will also increase. Presently, no available intervention definitively prevents or manages osteoporosis. This study explores whether Pool 7 Compound 3 (P7C3) reduces progressive bone loss and fragility following the onset of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Results confirm OVX-induced weakened, osteoporotic bone together with a significant gain in adipogenic body weight. Treatment with P7C3 significantly reduced osteoclastic activity, bone marrow adiposity, whole-body weight gain, and preserved bone area, architecture, and mechanical strength. Analyses reveal significantly upregulated platelet derived growth factor-BB and leukemia inhibitory factor, with downregulation of interleukin-1 R6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK). Together, proteomic data suggest the targeting of several key regulators of inflammation, bone, and adipose turnover, via transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD, and Wingless-related integration site/be-catenin signaling pathways. To the best of the knowledge, this is first evidence of an intervention that drives against bone loss via RANK. Metatranscriptomic analyses of the gut microbiota show P7C3 increased Porphyromonadaceae bacterium, Candidatus Melainabacteria, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium abundance, potentially contributing to the favorable inflammatory, and adipo-osteogenic metabolic regulation observed. The results reveal an undiscovered, and multifunctional therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathological progression of OVX-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityWalesCF10 3ATUK
| | - Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | | | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Matthew Aceto
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Thomas J Kean
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
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Stoikos J, Kurgan N, Kottaras S, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Klentrou P. Effects of sclerostin injection on soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue in male mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:293-304. [PMID: 37976473 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. Evidence suggests that sclerostin may also be involved in crosstalk between other tissues, including muscle. This pilot study attempted to examine the effects of sclerostin on soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle tissue from male mice that were given continuous recombinant sclerostin injections for 4 weeks. A total of 48 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to be sedentary or perform 1 h treadmill running per day for 4 weeks and administered subcutaneous injections of either saline or recombinant sclerostin 5 days/week. Sclerostin injection led to a reduction in the soleus myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, MHC I/IIA, MHC IIA/X, and MHC IIB cross-sectional area (p < 0.05) with no exercise effects on these reductions. In contrast, there were no effects of sclerostin injections or exercise on the fast-twitch EDL muscle in terms of size, MHC protein, or markers of Wnt signaling. These findings provide preliminary evidence of sclerostin's endocrine role in muscle via decreases in myofiber cross-sectional area, which seems to be independent of fiber type but muscle type-specific. More studies, however, are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Stoikos
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Kottaras
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
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7
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Nie X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Z, Xie D, Song Q, Yang C, Yu T, Sun Y. Causal effects of osteoporosis on structural changes in specific brain regions: a Mendelian randomization study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad528. [PMID: 38216525 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have reported that osteoporosis is associated with cortical changes in the brain. However, the inherent limitations of observational studies pose challenges in eliminating confounding factors and establishing causal relationships. And previous observational studies have not reported changes in specific brain regions. By employing Mendelian randomization, we have been able to infer a causal relationship between osteoporosis and a reduction in the surficial area (SA) of the brain cortical. This effect is partially mediated by vascular calcification. We found that osteoporosis significantly decreased the SA of global brain cortical (β = -1587.62 mm2, 95%CI: -2645.94 mm2 to -529.32 mm2, P = 0.003) as well as the paracentral gyrus without global weighted (β = - 19.42 mm2, 95%CI: -28.90 mm2 to -9.95 mm2, P = 5.85 × 10-5). Furthermore, we estimated that 42.25% and 47.21% of the aforementioned effects are mediated through vascular calcification, respectively. Osteoporosis leads to a reduction in the SA of the brain cortical, suggesting the presence of the bone-brain axis. Vascular calcification plays a role in mediating this process to a certain extent. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for further investigations into the intricate interplay between bone, blood vessels, and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Zhaoliang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Dongheng Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Dong B, Zhu J, Chen X, Jiang H, Deng Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Li S. The Emerging Role of Interleukin-(IL)-11/IL-11R in Bone Metabolism and Homeostasis: From Cytokine to Osteokine. Aging Dis 2023; 14:2113-2126. [PMID: 37199584 PMCID: PMC10676798 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-(IL)-11 is a cytokine involved in hematopoiesis, cancer metastasis, and inflammation. IL-11 belongs to the IL-6 cytokine family, binding to the complex of receptors glycoprotein gp130 and the ligand-specific-receptor subunits (IL-11Rα or their soluble counterpart sIL-11R). IL-11/IL-11R signaling enhances osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and mitigates osteoclast-induced bone resorption and cancer bone metastasis. Recent studies have shown that systemic and osteoblast/osteocyte-specific IL-11 deficiency leads to reduced bone mass and formation, but also adiposity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. In humans, mutations of IL-11 and the receptor IL-11RA genes are associated with height reduction, osteoarthritis, and craniosynostosis. In this review, we describe the emerging role of IL-11/IL-11R signaling in bone metabolism by targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and bone mineralization. Furthermore, IL-11 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenesis, thereby influencing the fate of osteoblast/adipocyte differentiation derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. We have newly identified IL-11 as a bone-derived cytokine that regulates bone metabolism and the link between bone and other organs. Thus, IL-11 is vital in bone homeostasis and could be considered a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yang W, Zuo Y, Zhang N, Wang K, Zhang R, Chen Z, He Q. GNAS locus: bone related diseases and mouse models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1255864. [PMID: 37920253 PMCID: PMC10619756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1255864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GNASis a complex locus characterized by multiple transcripts and an imprinting effect. It orchestrates a variety of physiological processes via numerous signaling pathways. Human diseases associated with the GNAS gene encompass fibrous dysplasia (FD), Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO), parathyroid hormone(PTH) resistance, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia (POH), among others. To facilitate the study of the GNAS locus and its associated diseases, researchers have developed a range of mouse models. In this review, we will systematically explore the GNAS locus, its related signaling pathways, the bone diseases associated with it, and the mouse models pertinent to these bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangning Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Runze Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kitase Y, Prideaux M. Regulation of the Osteocyte Secretome with Aging and Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:48-67. [PMID: 37148298 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most numerous and long-lived of all bone cells, osteocytes have essential functions in regulating skeletal health. Through the lacunar-canalicular system, secreted proteins from osteocytes can reach cells throughout the bone. Furthermore, the intimate connectivity between the lacunar-canalicular system and the bone vasculature allows for the transport of osteocyte-secreted factors into the circulation to reach the entire body. Local and endocrine osteocyte signaling regulates physiological processes such as bone remodeling, bone mechanoadaptation, and mineral homeostasis. However, these processes are disrupted by impaired osteocyte function induced by aging and disease. Dysfunctional osteocyte signaling is now associated with the pathogenesis of many disorders, including chronic kidney disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis. In this review, we focus on the targeting of bone and extraskeletal tissues by the osteocyte secretome. In particular, we highlight the secreted osteocyte proteins, which are known to be dysregulated during aging and disease, and their roles during disease progression. We also discuss how therapeutic or genetic targeting of osteocyte-secreted proteins can improve both skeletal and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kitase
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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11
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Nagasaki K, Nagasaki A, Taylor JM, Kear BD, Ma Y, Somerman MJ, Gavrilova O. The RGD region of bone sialoprotein affects metabolic activity in mice. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBone sialoprotein (BSP) is a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation. Previously, we generated BSP-KAE knock-in mice (KAEKI mice) by substituting a non-function KAE (lysine-alanine-glutamic acid) for the integrin-binding RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) sequence and reported a vital role of the BSP-RGD motif in modulating the periodontal ligament (PDL). Specifically, histologically a disorganization of the PDL was noted, resulting in a weakened function of the PDL as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. Intriguingly, also noted was a weight gain as KAEKI mice aged. While several proteins associated with mineralized tissues are reported to affect energy metabolism, the metabolic role of the BSP-RGD region has yet to be elucidated. Here we focus on defining the role of the BSP-RGD region in metabolic activity.MethodsBody weight, body composition, and caloric intake were measured in wild type (WT) and KAEKI mice. Energy expenditure was estimated using energy balance technique. Epididymal fat, interscapular fat, and liver were harvested for histological analysis. Systemic metabolic phenotype was assessed by sera analyses, insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests.ResultsThe results showed that KAEKI mice developed mild obesity starting from 13 weeks postnatal (wpn). The increase in body weight correlated with an increase in lean mass and visceral adiposity. Histological examination revealed adipocyte hypertrophy in white epididymal fat and interscapular brown fat in KAEKI vs. WT mice at 17 wpn. Metabolic profiling indicated that KAEKI mice had dyslipidemia and hyperleptinemia but no significant changes in glucose metabolism. Energy balance analyses revealed that hyperphagia preceded weight gain in KAEKI mice.ConclusionThese data suggest that the RGD region of BSP affects energy metabolism by regulating food intake, with further studies warranted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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12
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Zhang L, Lv J, Wang C, Ren Y, Yong M. Myokine, a key cytokine for physical exercise to alleviate sarcopenic obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2723-2734. [PMID: 36571655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a robust endocrine function as a powerful organ and can secrete and release cytokines or polypeptides known as myokines. These myokines have significant regulatory effects on signal transduction in skeletal muscle and the metabolism of peripheral tissues and organs and exert biological effects via autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine forms. Obesity and aging cause myokine secretion dysregulation, and hastening sarcopenic obesity (SO) development. Exercise is currently an excellent intervention and prevention method for SO. Meanwhile, exercise impacts many organs and tissues. These organs and tissues will produce various myokines in response to movement and metabolism throughout the body to govern muscle differentiation, growth, and remodeling. According to accumulating data, exercise can increase the release of myokines from diverse tissues into the blood and postpone the SO onset and progression by influencing protein metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial quality control, and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junjie Lv
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Yong
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Riddle RC. Endocrine Functions of Sclerostin. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2023; 28:10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100433. [PMID: 36713826 PMCID: PMC9881182 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin, the product of the SOST gene has primarily been studied for its profound impact on bone mass. By interacting with LRP5 and LRP6, the glycoprotein suppresses the propagation of Wnt signals to β-catenin and thereby suppresses new bone formation. In this review, we discuss emerging data which suggest that sclerostin also acts outside the skeleton to influence metabolism. In humans, serum sclerostin levels are associated with body mass index and indices of metabolic function. Likewise, genetic mouse models of Sost gene deficiency indicate sclerostin influences adipocyte development and insulin signaling. These data raise the possibility that sclerostin neutralization may be effective at treating two epidemic conditions: osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Address Correspondence to: Ryan C. Riddle, Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W. Redwood Street, Room 592, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA, , Ph: 410-706-0422
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14
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Kurgan N, Baranowski B, Stoikos J, MacNeil AJ, Fajardo VA, MacPherson REK, Klentrou P. Characterization of sclerostin's response within white adipose tissue to an obesogenic diet at rest and in response to acute exercise in male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1061715. [PMID: 36685192 PMCID: PMC9846496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is well established that sclerostin antagonizes the anabolic Wnt signalling pathway in bone, however, its physiological role in other tissues remains less clear. This study examined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on sclerostin content and downstream markers of the Wnt signaling pathway (GSK3β and β-catenin) within subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and visceral epididymal WAT (eWAT) depots at rest and in response to acute aerobic exercise. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40, 18 weeks of age) underwent 10 weeks of either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD. Within each diet group, mice were assigned to either remain sedentary (SED) or perform 2 h of endurance treadmill exercise at 15 m min-1 with 5° incline (EX), creating four groups: LFD + SED (N = 10), LFD + EX (N = 10), HFD + SED (N = 10), and HFD + EX (N = 10). Serum and WAT depots were collected 2 h post-exercise. Results: Serum sclerostin showed a diet-by-exercise interaction, reflecting HFD + EX mice having higher concentration than HFD + SED (+31%, p = 0.03), and LFD mice being unresponsive to exercise. iWAT sclerostin content decreased post-exercise in both 28 kDa (-31%, p = 0.04) and 30 kDa bands (-36%, main effect for exercise, p = 0.02). iWAT β-catenin (+44%, p = 0.03) and GSK3β content were higher in HFD mice compared to LFD (+128%, main effect for diet, p = 0.005). Monomeric sclerostin content was abolished in eWAT of HFD mice (-96%, main effect for diet, p < 0.0001), was only detectable as a 30 kDa band in LFD mice and was unresponsive to exercise. β-catenin and GSK3β were both unresponsive to diet and exercise within eWAT. Conclusion: These results characterized sclerostin's content to WAT depots in response to acute exercise, which appears to be specific to a reduction in iWAT and identified a differential regulation of sclerostin's form/post-translational modifications depending on diet and WAT depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
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15
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Dai Z, Zhu R, Sheng Z, Qin G, Luo X, Qin Q, Song C, Li L, Jin P, Yang G, Cheng Y, Peng D, Zou C, Wang L, Shentu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yan X, Fang P, Yan Q, Yang L, Fan X, Liu W, Wu B, Cui R, Wu X, Xie Y, Shu C, Shen K, Wei W, Lu W, Chen H, Zhou Z. Multiple doses of SHR-1222, a sclerostin monoclonal antibody, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase 1 trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168757. [PMID: 37091850 PMCID: PMC10116854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SHR-1222, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin, has been shown to induce bone formation and decrease bone resorption at a single dose ranging 50-400 mg in our previous phase 1 trial. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase 1 trial, which further investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of multiple ascending doses of SHR-1222 in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP). A total of 105 women with POP were enrolled and randomly assigned. Twenty-one received placebo and eighty-four received SHR-1222 sequentially (100 mg QM, n=4; 200 or 300 mg QM, n=20; and 400 or 600 mg Q2M, n=20). The most common adverse events included increased blood parathyroid hormone, increased low-density lipoprotein, increased blood alkaline phosphatase, increased blood cholesterol, back pain, and arthralgia, the majority of which were mild in severity without noticeable safety concerns. Serum SHR-1222 exposure (Cmax,ss and AUC0-tau,ss) increased in a greater than dose-proportional manner. Following multiple doses of SHR-1222, the bone formation markers (terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) increased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the bone resorption marker (β-C-telopeptide) was downregulated. Accordingly, BMD gains in the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck were observed. The maximum BMD increase from baseline at the lumbar spine was detected in the 300 mg QM cohort (14.6% vs. 0.6% in the placebo group on day 169). Six (6/83; 7.2%) subjects developed anti-SHR-1222 antibodies with no discernible effects on PKs, PDs, and safety. Thus, multiple doses of SHR-1222 showed an acceptable safety profile and dose-dependent plasma exposure in women with POP, and could improve their BMD rapidly and prominently by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. These findings further support SHR-1222 as a potential alternative agent for the treatment of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronghua Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifeng Sheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Qin
- National Agency for Clinical Trial of Medicines, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Orthopedics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Li
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danhong Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shentu
- Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingfei Fang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangyong Yan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfeng Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Wei
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguang Zhou,
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16
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Yu S, Li D, Zhang N, Ni S, Sun M, Wang L, Xiao H, Liu D, Liu J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Yeung STY, Zhang S, Lu A, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhang G. Drug discovery of sclerostin inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2150-2170. [PMID: 35646527 PMCID: PMC9136615 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contributes to musculoskeletal system-related diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of WNT-related bone diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that sclerostin contributes to the development of cancers, obesity, and diabetes, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Notably, cardiovascular diseases are related to the protective role of sclerostin. In this review, we summarize three distinct types of inhibitors targeting sclerostin, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and small-molecule inhibitors, from which monoclonal antibodies have been developed. As the first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA, the monoclonal antibody romosozumab has demonstrated excellent effectiveness in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, it conferred high cardiovascular risk in clinical trials. Furthermore, romosozumab could only be administered by injection, which may cause compliance issues for patients who prefer oral therapy. Considering these above safety and compliance concerns, we therefore present relevant discussion and offer perspectives on the development of next-generation sclerostin inhibitors by following several ways, such as concomitant medication, artificial intelligence-based strategy, druggable modification, and bispecific inhibitors strategy.
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17
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Takashi Y, Kawanami D. The Role of Bone-Derived Hormones in Glucose Metabolism, Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042376. [PMID: 35216490 PMCID: PMC8879859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone contributes to supporting the body, protecting the central nervous system and other organs, hematopoiesis, the regulation of mineral metabolism (mainly calcium and phosphate), and assists in respiration. Bone has many functions in the body. Recently, it was revealed that bone also works as an endocrine organ and secretes several systemic humoral factors, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, and lipocalin 2. Bone can communicate with other organs via these hormones. In particular, it has been reported that these bone-derived hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and diabetic complications. Some functions of these bone-derived hormones can become useful biomarkers that predict the incidence of diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. Furthermore, other functions are considered to be targets for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. As is well known, diabetes is now a worldwide health problem, and many efforts have been made to treat diabetes. Thus, further investigations of the endocrine system through bone-derived hormones may provide us with new perspectives on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the role of bone-derived hormones in glucose metabolism, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders.
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18
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McMullan P, Germain-Lee EL. Aberrant Bone Regulation in Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy dueto Gnas Inactivation: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:78-89. [PMID: 35226254 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the impact of Gnas inactivation on both bone remodeling and the development of heterotopic subcutaneous ossifications in Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). Here we discuss recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the aberrant bone development in AHO as well as potential translational implications. RECENT FINDINGS Gnas inactivation can regulate the differentiation and function of not only osteoblasts but also osteoclasts and osteocytes. Investigations utilizing a mouse model of AHO generated by targeted disruption of Gnas have revealed that bone formation and resorption are differentially affected based upon the parental origin of the Gnas mutation. Data suggest that Gnas inactivation leads to heterotopic bone formation within subcutaneous tissue by changing the connective tissue microenvironment, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation of tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitors. Observed variations in bone formation and resorption based upon the parental origin of the Gnas mutation warrant future investigations and may have implications in the management and treatment of AHO and related conditions. Additionally, studies of heterotopic bone formation due to Gnas inactivation have identified an essential role of sonic hedgehog signaling, which could have therapeutic implications not only for AHO and related conditions but also for heterotopic bone formation in a wide variety of settings in which aberrant bone formation is a cause of significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMullan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 505 Farmington Ave, 2nd floor, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Emily L Germain-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 505 Farmington Ave, 2nd floor, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Albright Center, Connecticut Children's, Farmington, CT, USA.
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19
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Li Y, Cao S, Gaculenko A, Zhan Y, Bozec A, Chen X. Distinct Metabolism of Bone Marrow Adipocytes and their Role in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902033. [PMID: 35800430 PMCID: PMC9253270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) represent 10% of the total fat mass of the human body and serve as an energy reservoir for the skeletal niche. They function as an endocrine organ by actively secreting fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. The volume of BMAs increases along with age, osteoporosis and/or obesity. With the rapid development of multi-omic analysis and the advance in in vivo imaging technology, further distinct characteristics and functions of BMAs have been revealed. There is accumulating evidence that BMAs are metabolically, biologically and functionally unique from white, brown, beige and pink adipocytes. Bone metastatic disease is an uncurable complication in cancer patients, where primary cancer cells spread from their original site into the bone marrow. Recent publications have highlighted those BMAs could also serve as a rich lipid source of fatty acids that can be utilized by the cancer cells during bone metastasis, particularly for breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer as well as melanoma. In this review, we summarize the novel progressions in BMAs metabolism, especially with multi-omic analysis and in vivo imaging technology. We also update the metabolic role of BMAs in bone metastasis, and their potential new avenues for diagnosis and therapies against metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiang Chen,
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20
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Abstract
Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and dynamic cells capable of integrating hormonal and mechanical signals and transmitting them to effector cells in bone and in distant tissues. Osteocytes are a major source of molecules that regulate bone homeostasis by integrating both mechanical cues and hormonal signals that coordinate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteocyte function is altered in both rare and common bone diseases, suggesting that osteocyte dysfunction is directly involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders affecting the skeleton. Advances in osteocyte biology initiated the development of novel therapeutics interfering with osteocyte-secreted molecules. Moreover, osteocytes are targets and key distributors of biological signals mediating the beneficial effects of several bone therapeutics used in the clinic. Here we review the most recent discoveries in osteocyte biology demonstrating that osteocytes regulate bone homeostasis and bone marrow fat via paracrine signaling, influence body composition and energy metabolism via endocrine signaling, and contribute to the damaging effects of diabetes mellitus and hematologic and metastatic cancers in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Teresita Bellido
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,3Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
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21
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Li Y, Gu Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Dong B. The Emerging Role of Bone-Derived Hormones in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:938830. [PMID: 35966090 PMCID: PMC9367194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.938830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) causes the greatest proportion of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-related mortality and has become a high concern in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Bone is considered an endocrine organ, playing an emerging role in regulating glucose and energy metabolism. Accumulating research has proven that bone-derived hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and the pathogenesis of DM complications, especially DKD. Furthermore, these hormones are considered to be promising predictors and prospective treatment targets for DM and DKD. In this review, we focused on bone-derived hormones, including fibroblast growth factor 23, osteocalcin, sclerostin, and lipocalin 2, and summarized their role in regulating glucose metabolism and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuhua Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephropathy, Weihai Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bingzi Dong, ; Xian Chen,
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bingzi Dong, ; Xian Chen,
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22
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Travinsky-Shmul T, Beresh O, Zaretsky J, Griess-Fishheimer S, Rozner R, Kalev-Altman R, Penn S, Shahar R, Monsonego-Ornan E. Ultra-Processed Food Impairs Bone Quality, Increases Marrow Adiposity and Alters Gut Microbiome in Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123107. [PMID: 34945658 PMCID: PMC8701231 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra processed foods (UPF) consumption is becoming dominant in the global food system, to the point of being the most recent cause of malnutrition. Health outcomes of this diet include obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, its effect on skeletal development has yet to be examined. This project studied the influence of UPF diet on the development and quality of the post-natal skeleton. Young female mice were fed with regular chow diet, UPF diet, UPF diet supplemented with calcium or with multivitamin and mineral complex. Mice fed UPF diet presented unfavorable morphological parameters, evaluated by micro-CT, alongside inferior mechanical performance of the femora, evaluated by three-point bending tests. Growth-plate histology evaluation suggested a modification of the growth pattern. Accumulation of adipose tissue within the bone marrow was significantly higher in the group fed UPF diet. Finally, microbiome 16SrRNA sequencing was used to explore the connection between diets, gut microbial community and skeletal development. Together, we show that consumption of UPF diet during the postnatal developmental period alters the microbiome and has negative outcomes on bone parameters and bone marrow adiposity. Micronutrients improved these phenotypes only partially. Thus, consuming a wholesome diet that contributes to a healthy microbiota is of a great significance in order to achieve healthy skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Travinsky-Shmul
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Olga Beresh
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Janna Zaretsky
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Reut Rozner
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.K.-A.); (R.S.)
| | - Sveta Penn
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.K.-A.); (R.S.)
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (T.T.-S.); (O.B.); (J.Z.); (S.G.-F.); (R.R.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-9489712
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23
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Dai Z, Fang P, Yan X, Zhu R, Feng Q, Yan Q, Yang L, Fan X, Xie Y, Zhuang L, Feng S, Liu Y, Zhong S, Yang Z, Sheng Z, Zhou Z. Single Dose of SHR-1222, a Sclerostin Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Men and Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation, Phase I Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770073. [PMID: 34744750 PMCID: PMC8564351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SHR-1222 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin and has the potential to promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption. This study was aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of SHR-1222 in healthy men and postmenopausal women with low bone mass (BMD). It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study. Subjects received SHR-1222 at 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg sequentially or matching placebo subcutaneously. Totally, 50 subjects with low BMD were enrolled and randomly assigned; 10 received placebo and 40 received SHR-1222 (50 mg, n = 4; 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg, n = 9). The most common adverse events that occurred at least 10% higher in subjects with SHR-1222 treatment than those with placebo were decreased blood calcium, blood urine present, increased blood cholesterol, electrocardiogram T wave abnormal, urinary tract infection, increased blood pressure diastolic, and positive bacterial test. All the above adverse events were mild in severity and well resolved except one of increased blood cholesterol in a subject lost to follow-up. The serum SHR-1222 concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of SHR-1222 upregulated the bone-formation markers N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, while downregulated the bone-resorption marker β-C-telopeptide. The BMD at the lumbar spine notably rose after a single dose of SHR-1222. The largest increase occurred in the 400 mg cohort (3.8, 6.7, and 6.1% on day 29, 57, and 85, respectively; compared with 1.4, 0.8, and 1.0% in the placebo group). Although 10.0% of subjects receiving SHR-1222 tested positive for anti–SHR-1222 antibodies, no obvious effects of antibody formation were found on pharmacokinetics. Overall, SHR-1222 was well tolerated at doses from 50 to 400 mg and is a promising new remedy for osteoporosis. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03870100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingfei Fang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronghua Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangyong Yan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfeng Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center and Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Liu
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Sheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Kim S, Henneicke H, Cavanagh LL, Macfarlane E, Thai LJ, Foong D, Gasparini SJ, Fong-Yee C, Swarbrick MM, Seibel MJ, Zhou H. Osteoblastic glucocorticoid signaling exacerbates high-fat-diet- induced bone loss and obesity. Bone Res 2021; 9:40. [PMID: 34465731 PMCID: PMC8408138 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption not only promotes obesity and insulin resistance, but also causes bone loss through mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we fed wild-type CD-1 mice either chow or a HFD (43% of energy from fat) for 18 weeks; HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased trabecular volume (-28%) and cortical thickness (-14%) compared to chow-fed mice. In HFD-fed mice, bone loss was due to reduced bone formation and mineral apposition, without obvious effects on bone resorption. HFD feeding also increased skeletal expression of sclerostin and caused deterioration of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network (LCN). In mice fed HFD, skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was activated relative to chow-fed mice, independent of serum corticosterone concentrations. We therefore examined whether skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was necessary for HFD-induced bone loss, using transgenic mice lacking glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes (HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice). In HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, bone formation and mineral apposition rates were not suppressed by HFD, and bone loss was significantly attenuated. Interestingly, in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice fed HFD, both Wnt signaling (less sclerostin induction, increased β-catenin expression) and glucose uptake were significantly increased, relative to diet- and genotype-matched controls. The osteocyte LCN remained intact in HFD-fed HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice. When fed a HFD, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice also increased their energy expenditure and were protected against obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes contributes to the suppression of bone formation in HFD-fed mice. Skeletal glucocorticoid signaling is also an important determinant of glucose uptake in bone, which influences the whole-body metabolic response to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Henneicke
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medicine III, Technische University Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lauryn L Cavanagh
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugenie Macfarlane
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Joanne Thai
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daphne Foong
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sylvia J Gasparini
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colette Fong-Yee
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Powell DR, Revelli JP, Doree DD, DaCosta CM, Desai U, Shadoan MK, Rodriguez L, Mullens M, Yang QM, Ding ZM, Kirkpatrick LL, Vogel P, Zambrowicz B, Sands AT, Platt KA, Hansen GM, Brommage R. High-Throughput Screening of Mouse Gene Knockouts Identifies Established and Novel High Body Fat Phenotypes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3753-3785. [PMID: 34483672 PMCID: PMC8409770 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s322083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a major public health problem. Understanding which genes contribute to obesity may better predict individual risk and allow development of new therapies. Because obesity of a mouse gene knockout (KO) line predicts an association of the orthologous human gene with obesity, we reviewed data from the Lexicon Genome5000TM high throughput phenotypic screen (HTS) of mouse gene KOs to identify KO lines with high body fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS KO lines were generated using homologous recombination or gene trapping technologies. HTS body composition analyses were performed on adult wild-type and homozygous KO littermate mice from 3758 druggable mouse genes having a human ortholog. Body composition was measured by either DXA or QMR on chow-fed cohorts from all 3758 KO lines and was measured by QMR on independent high fat diet-fed cohorts from 2488 of these KO lines. Where possible, comparisons were made to HTS data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). RESULTS Body fat data are presented for 75 KO lines. Of 46 KO lines where independent external published and/or IMPC KO lines are reported as obese, 43 had increased body fat. For the remaining 29 novel high body fat KO lines, Ksr2 and G2e3 are supported by data from additional independent KO cohorts, 6 (Asnsd1, Srpk2, Dpp8, Cxxc4, Tenm3 and Kiss1) are supported by data from additional internal cohorts, and the remaining 21 including Tle4, Ak5, Ntm, Tusc3, Ankk1, Mfap3l, Prok2 and Prokr2 were studied with HTS cohorts only. CONCLUSION These data support the finding of high body fat in 43 independent external published and/or IMPC KO lines. A novel obese phenotype was identified in 29 additional KO lines, with 27 still lacking the external confirmation now provided for Ksr2 and G2e3 KO mice. Undoubtedly, many mammalian obesity genes remain to be identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Deon D Doree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M DaCosta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Urvi Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Melanie K Shadoan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Rodriguez
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Michael Mullens
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Qi M Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Laura L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Arthur T Sands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Kenneth A Platt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Gwenn M Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, Tx, USA
| | - Robert Brommage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
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26
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Endocrine role of bone in the regulation of energy metabolism. Bone Res 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34016950 PMCID: PMC8137703 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have characterized the significance of bone as an endocrine organ, suggesting that bone-derived factors regulate local bone metabolism and metabolic functions. In addition, these factors can regulate global energy homeostasis by altering insulin sensitivity, feeding behavior, and adipocyte commitment. These findings may provide a new pathological mechanism for related metabolic diseases or be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effect of bone and bone-derived factors on energy metabolism and discuss directions for future research.
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27
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Uda Y, Spatz JM, Hussein A, Garcia JH, Lai F, Dedic C, Fulzele K, Dougherty S, Eberle M, Adamson C, Misener L, Gerstenfeld L, Divieti Pajevic P. Global transcriptomic analysis of a murine osteocytic cell line subjected to spaceflight. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21578. [PMID: 33835498 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100059r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss is a major health concern for astronauts during long-term spaceflight and for patients during prolonged bed rest or paralysis. Growing evidence suggests that osteocytes, the most abundant cells in the mineralized bone matrix, play a key role in sensing mechanical forces applied to the skeleton and integrating the orchestrated response into subcellular biochemical signals to modulate bone homeostasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying both mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in late-osteoblast-to-osteocyte cells under microgravity (µG) have yet to be elucidated. To unravel the mechanisms by which late osteoblasts and osteocytes sense and respond to mechanical unloading, we exposed the osteocytic cell line, Ocy454, to 2, 4, or 6 days of µG on the SpaceX Dragon-6 resupply mission to the International Space Station. Our results showed that µG impairs the differentiation of osteocytes, consistent with prior osteoblast spaceflight experiments, which resulted in the downregulation of key osteocytic genes. Importantly, we demonstrate the modulation of critical glycolysis pathways in osteocytes subjected to microgravity and discovered a set of mechanical sensitive genes that are consistently regulated in multiple cell types exposed to microgravity suggesting a common, yet to be fully elucidated, genome-wide response to microgravity. Ground-based simulated microgravity experiments utilizing the NASA rotating-wall-vessel were unable to adequately replicate the changes in microgravity exposure highlighting the importance of spaceflight missions to understand the unique environmental stress that microgravity presents to diverse cell types. In summary, our findings demonstrate that osteocytes respond to µG with an increase in glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Uda
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan M Spatz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amira Hussein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Forest Lai
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris Dedic
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keertik Fulzele
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Louis Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Tangseefa P, Martin SK, Arthur A, Panagopoulos V, Page AJ, Wittert GA, Proud CG, Fitter S, Zannettino ACW. Deletion of Rptor in Preosteoblasts Reveals a Role for the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Complex in Dietary-Induced Changes to Bone Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Female Mice. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10486. [PMID: 33977204 PMCID: PMC8101617 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) complex is the major nutrient sensor in mammalian cells that responds to amino acids, energy levels, growth factors, and hormones, such as insulin, to control anabolic and catabolic processes. We have recently shown that suppression of the mTORC1 complex in bone‐forming osteoblasts (OBs) improved glucose handling in male mice fed a normal or obesogenic diet. Mechanistically, this occurs, at least in part, by increasing OB insulin sensitivity leading to upregulation of glucose uptake and glycolysis. Given previously reported sex‐dependent differences observed upon antagonism of mTORC1 signaling, we investigated the metabolic and skeletal effects of genetic inactivation of preosteoblastic‐mTORC1 in female mice. Eight‐week‐old control diet (CD)‐fed Rptorob−/− mice had a low bone mass with a significant reduction in trabecular bone volume and trabecular number, reduced cortical bone thickness, and increased marrow adiposity. Despite no changes in body composition, CD‐fed Rptorob−/− mice exhibited significant lower fasting insulin and glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity. Upon high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding, Rptorob−/− mice were resistant to a diet‐induced increase in whole‐body and total fat mass and protected from the development of diet‐induced insulin resistance. Notably, although 12 weeks of HFD increased marrow adiposity, with minimal changes in both trabecular and cortical bone in the female control mice, marrow adiposity was significantly reduced in HFD‐fed Rptorob−/− compared to both HFD‐fed control and CD‐fed Rptorob−/− mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that mTORC1 function in preosteoblasts is crucial for skeletal development and skeletal regulation of glucose homeostasis in both male and female mice. Importantly, loss of mTORC1 function in OBs results in metabolic and physiological adaptations that mirror a caloric restriction phenotype (under CD) and protects against HFD‐induced obesity, associated insulin resistance, and marrow adiposity expansion. These results highlight the critical contribution of the skeleton in the regulation of whole‐body energy homeostasis. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanrat Tangseefa
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Sally K Martin
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Agnieszka Arthur
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Stephen Fitter
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia.,Central Adelaide Local Health Network Adelaide South Australia Australia
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29
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The mTORC1 complex in pre-osteoblasts regulates whole-body energy metabolism independently of osteocalcin. Bone Res 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33551450 PMCID: PMC7868369 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition causes hyperactivation of mTORC1-dependent negative feedback loops leading to the downregulation of insulin signaling and development of insulin resistance. In osteoblasts (OBs), insulin signaling plays a crucial role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis. We utilized mice with conditional deletion of Rptor to investigate how the loss of mTORC1 function in OB affects glucose metabolism under normal and overnutrition dietary states. Compared to the controls, chow-fed Rptorob−/− mice had substantially less fat mass and exhibited adipocyte hyperplasia. Remarkably, upon feeding with high-fat diet, mice with pre- and post-natal deletion of Rptor in OBs were protected from diet-induced obesity and exhibited improved glucose metabolism with lower fasting glucose and insulin levels, increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. This leanness and resistance to weight gain was not attributable to changes in food intake, physical activity or lipid absorption but instead was due to increased energy expenditure and greater whole-body substrate flexibility. RNA-seq revealed an increase in glycolysis and skeletal insulin signaling pathways, which correlated with the potentiation of insulin signaling and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake in Rptor-knockout osteoblasts. Collectively, these findings point to a critical role for the mTORC1 complex in the skeletal regulation of whole-body glucose metabolism and the skeletal development of insulin resistance.
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30
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Wang JS, Mazur CM, Wein MN. Sclerostin and Osteocalcin: Candidate Bone-Produced Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:584147. [PMID: 33776907 PMCID: PMC7988212 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.584147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its structural role, the skeleton serves as an endocrine organ that controls mineral metabolism and energy homeostasis. Three major cell types in bone - osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes - dynamically form and maintain bone and secrete factors with systemic activity. Osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived factor initially described as a matrix protein that regulates bone mineralization, has been suggested to be an osteoblast-derived endocrine hormone that regulates multiple target organs including pancreas, liver, muscle, adipose, testes, and the central and peripheral nervous system. Sclerostin is predominantly produced by osteocytes, and is best known as a paracrine-acting regulator of WNT signaling and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces. In addition to this important paracrine role for sclerostin within bone, sclerostin protein has been noted to act at a distance to regulate adipocytes, energy homeostasis, and mineral metabolism in the kidney. In this article, we aim to bring together evidence supporting an endocrine function for sclerostin and osteocalcin, and discuss recent controversies regarding the proposed role of osteocalcin outside of bone. We summarize the current state of knowledge on animal models and human physiology related to the multiple functions of these bone-derived factors. Finally, we highlight areas in which future research is expected to yield additional insights into the biology of osteocalcin and sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S. Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Courtney M. Mazur
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marc N. Wein,
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Osteokines and Bone Markers at Rest and following Plyometric Exercise in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7917309. [PMID: 33145358 PMCID: PMC7596512 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7917309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of plyometric exercise on bone biomarkers has been studied in pediatric and young adult populations in order to better understand how exercise influences bone homeostasis. However, there are no such data in postmenopausal women, a group characterized by an uncoupling of the bone resorption-formation cycle. This study examined the serum concentrations of sclerostin, dickkopf-1 (DKK1), c-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTXI), and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) at rest and following a single bout of plyometric exercise in 20 premenopausal (23.1 ± 2.3 years) and 20 postmenopausal women (57.9 ± 4.3 years). The exercise consisted of 128 jumps, organized into 5 circuit stations. Blood samples were obtained prior to and 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h postexercise. At rest, postmenopausal women had significantly higher sclerostin and CTXI, but lower DKK1 than premenopausal women. Sclerostin increased 5 min postexercise only in the premenopausal group. DKK1 decreased 24 h postexercise in the premenopausal women while it decreased 1 h postexercise in the postmenopausal women. In both groups, CTXI did not change across time and PINP decreased 5 min and 1 h postexercise (p < 0.05). The PINP/CTXI ratio decreased 5 min and 1 h postexercise then significantly increased 24 h postexercise only in premenopausal women. These results indicate that although plyometric exercise is effective in eliciting osteoanabolic effects in younger women; such an effect is not evident in postmenopausal women.
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to compile a list of tools currently available to study bone cells and in particular osteocytes. As the interest (and importance) in osteocyte biology has greatly expanded over the past decade, new tools and techniques have become available to study these elusive cells, RECENT FINDINGS: Osteocytes are the main orchestrators of bone remodeling. They control both osteoblasts and osteoclast activities via cell-to cell communication or through secreted factors. Osteocytes are also the mechanosensors of the bone and they orchestrate skeletal adaptation to loads. Recent discoveries have greatly expanded our knowledge and understanding of these cells and new models are now available to further uncover the functions of osteocytes. Novel osteocytic cell lines, primary cultures, and 3D scaffolds are now available to investigators to further unravel the functions and roles of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W201E, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Azab E, Chandler KB, Uda Y, Sun N, Hussein A, Shuwaikan R, Lu V, Costello CE, McComb ME, Divieti Pajevic P. Osteocytes control myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation through Gsα-dependent and -independent mechanisms. FASEB J 2020; 34:10191-10211. [PMID: 32557809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes, the bone cells embedded in the mineralized matrix, control bone modeling, and remodeling through direct contact with adjacent cells and via paracrine and endocrine factors that affect cells in the bone marrow microenvironment or distant organs. Osteocytes express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and thus mice lacking the stimulatory subunit of G-protein (Gsα) in osteocytes (Dmp1-GsαKO mice) have abnormal myelopoiesis, osteopenia, and reduced adipose tissue. We previously reported that the severe osteopenia and the changes in adipose tissue present in these mice were mediated by increased sclerostin, which suppress osteoblast functions and promote browning of white adipocytes. Inversely, the myeloproliferation was driven by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and administration of neutralizing antibodies against G-CSF only partially restored the myeloproliferation, suggesting that additional osteocyte-derived factors might be involved. We hypothesized that osteocytes secrete Gsα-dependent factor(s) which regulate the myeloid cells proliferation. To identify osteocyte-secreted proteins, we used the osteocytic cell line Ocy454 expressing or lacking Gsα expression (Ocy454-Gsαcont and Ocy454-GsαKO ) to delineate the osteocyte "secretome" and its regulation by Gsα. Here we reported that factors secreted by osteocytes increased the number of myeloid colonies and promoted macrophage proliferation. The proliferation of myeloid cells was further promoted by osteocytes lacking Gsα expression. Myeloid cells can differentiate into bone-resorbing osteoclasts, therefore, we hypothesized that osteocyte-secreted factors might also regulate osteoclastogenesis in a Gsα-dependent manner. Conditioned medium (CM) from Ocy454 (both Gsαcont and GsαKO ) significanlty increased the proliferation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) and, at the same time, inhibited their differentiation into mature osteoclasts via a Gsα-dependent mechanism. Proteomics analysis of CM from Ocy454 Gsαcont and GsαKO cells identified neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) and granulin (Grn) as osteocytic-secreted proteins upregulated in Ocy454-GsαKO cells compared to Ocy454-Gsαcont , whereas semaphorin3A was significantly suppressed. Treatment of Ocy454-Gsαcont cells with recombinant proteins or knockdown of Nrp-1 and Grn in Ocy454-GsαKO cells partially rescued the inhibition of osteoclasts, demonstrating that osteocytes control osteoclasts differentiation through Nrp-1 and Grn which are regulated by Gsα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Azab
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Brown Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuhei Uda
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ningyuan Sun
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Hussein
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghad Shuwaikan
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Lu
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark E McComb
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Lin X, Onda DA, Yang CH, Lewis JR, Levinger I, Loh K. Roles of bone-derived hormones in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101040. [PMID: 32544571 PMCID: PMC7348059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence demonstrates that bone is an endocrine organ capable of influencing multiple physiological and pathological processes through the secretion of hormones. Recent research suggests complex crosstalk between the bone and other metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. It was uncovered that three of these bone-derived hormones—osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin—are involved in the endocrine regulations of cardiometabolic health and play vital roles in the pathophysiological process of developing cardiometabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cardiometabolic diseases and a major contributor to disease progression. Novel evidence also implicates important roles of bone-derived hormones in the regulation of chronic inflammation. Scope of review In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the physiological and pathological roles of osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin in cardiometabolic health regulation and disease development, with a focus on the modulation of chronic inflammation. Major conclusions Evidence supports that osteocalcin has a protective role in cardiometabolic health, and an increase of lipocalin 2 contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases partly via pro-inflammatory effects. The roles of sclerostin appear to be complicated: It exerts pro-adiposity and pro-insulin resistance effects in type 2 diabetes and has an anti-calcification effect during cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the actions of these bone-derived hormones in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases will provide crucial insights to help further research develop new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - Danise-Ann Onda
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Sui M, Wang Z, Xi D, Wang H. miR‐142‐5P regulates triglyceride by targeting
CTNNB1
in goat mammary epithelial cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:613-623. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MeiXia Sui
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Weifang University Weifang China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities Weifang University Weifang China
| | - ZongWei Wang
- Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Shouguang Weifang China
| | - Dan Xi
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Weifang University Weifang China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities Weifang University Weifang China
| | - HanHai Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Weifang University Weifang China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities Weifang University Weifang China
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Assessment of the human bone lacuno-canalicular network at the nanoscale and impact of spatial resolution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4567. [PMID: 32165649 PMCID: PMC7067834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been given to the study of osteocytes, the cells that are thought to play an important role in bone remodeling and in the mechanisms of bone fragility. The interconnected osteocyte system is deeply embedded inside the mineralized bone matrix and lies within a closely fitted porosity known as the lacuno-canalicular network. However, quantitative data on human samples remain scarce, mostly measured in 2D, and there are gaps to be filled in terms of spatial resolution. In this work, we present data on femoral samples from female donors imaged with isotropic 3D spatial resolution by magnified X-ray phase nano computerized-tomography. We report quantitative results on the 3D structure of canaliculi in human femoral bone imaged with a voxel size of 30 nm. We found that the lacuno-canalicular porosity occupies on average 1.45% of the total tissue volume, the ratio of the canalicular versus lacunar porosity is about 37.7%, and the primary number of canaliculi stemming from each lacuna is 79 on average. The examination of this number at different distances from the surface of the lacunae demonstrates branching in the canaliculi network. We analyzed the impact of spatial resolution on quantification by comparing parameters extracted from the same samples imaged with 120 nm and 30 nm voxel sizes. To avoid any bias related to the analysis region, the volumes at 120 nm and 30 nm were registered and cropped to the same field of view. Our results show that the measurements at 120 and 30 nm are strongly correlated in our data set but that the highest spatial resolution provides more accurate information on the canaliculi network and its branching properties.
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Bellido T, Delgado-Calle J. Ex Vivo Organ Cultures as Models to Study Bone Biology. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:JBM410345. [PMID: 32161838 PMCID: PMC7059827 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the skeleton is maintained by the coordinated and balanced activities of the bone cells. Osteoclasts resorb bone, osteoblasts form bone, and osteocytes orchestrate the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A variety of in vitro approaches has been used in an attempt to reproduce the complex in vivo interactions among bone cells under physiological as well as pathological conditions and to test new therapies. Most cell culture systems lack the proper extracellular matrix, cellular diversity, and native spatial distribution of the components of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, ex vivo cultures of fragments of intact bone preserve key cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and allow the study of bone cells in their natural 3D environment. Further, bone organ cultures predict the in vivo responses to genetic and pharmacologic interventions saving precious time and resources. Moreover, organ cultures using human bone reproduce human conditions and are a useful tool to test patient responses to therapeutic agents. Thus, these ex vivo approaches provide a platform to perform research in bone physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we describe protocols optimized in our laboratories to establish ex vivo bone organ cultures and provide technical hints and suggestions. In addition, we present examples on how this technical approach can be employed to study osteocyte biology, drug responses in bone, cancer-induced bone disease, and cross-talk between bone and other organs © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center Indianapolis IN USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
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Kurgan N, McKee K, Calleja M, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:531926. [PMID: 33362710 PMCID: PMC7759614 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.531926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise between obese and normal weight adolescent females. METHODS Ten normal weight (BMI = 21.3 ± 2) and 10 obese (BMI = 32.9 ± 4), postmenarcheal females, aged 13-17 years, performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps). Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum. RESULTS Cytokines were not different between groups at rest or over time with IL-6 increasing (+31%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise and TNF-α decreasing (-9%; p = 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Insulin and leptin were higher in the obese compared to the normal weight females. In both groups, insulin significantly increased 5 min post-exercise but remained elevated 1 h post-exercise only in the obese group. Leptin did not change in response to exercise. Osteocalcin was lower in the obese group across time and increased (+12%; p = 0.02) 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CTX was similar between groups at rest and decreased (-24%; p < 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Sclerostin was similar between groups at rest, but there was a significant interaction reflecting a significant increase (+29%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise in the obese group and a non-significant decrease (-13%; p = 0.08) in normal weight controls. PTH increased 5 min post-exercise, dropped 1 h post-exercise to lower than pre-exercise, and returned to baseline 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CONCLUSION Obese adolescent females from our study had no evidence of resting inflammation or differences in bone resorption but show blunted bone formation when compared to normal weight controls. The direction and temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and bone turnover markers to exercise were similar in both groups, reflecting an overall bone anabolic response for most biomarkers, except sclerostin, which increased only in the obese females immediately post-exercise, suggesting a different systemic regulation of sclerostin depending on adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine McKee
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Calleja
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
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Pezhman L, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Ghiasi R, Alipour MR. Swim training affects bone canonical Wnt pathway in type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin in male rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:465-469. [PMID: 29950115 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1484770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Susceptibility to diabetes-induced bone complication has been linked to Wnt signaling, which plays an important role in bone development and remodeling. In this study, the effect of swim training on Wnt pathway in T2DM was investigated. Materials and methods: Forty male rats were assigned to groups: control (C), diabetic (D), exercised control (E) and diabetic exercised (DE). One week after the induction of diabetes, animals were subjected to swim. At the end of training, bone gene and protein levels of SOST, RUNX2 and RANKL/OPG ratio were measured. Results: Diabetes could significantly increase bone sclerostin expression levels, while decreased RUNX2 mRNA and protein. Bone RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly lower in diabetic rats compared to control group. Swim training significantly increased this ratio in DE compared to D group. Conclusion: Swim training could partially compensate the diabetes-associated changes of Wnt pathway possibly by moderating sclerostin or blood sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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40
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Liu JM, Zhu DL, Mu YM, Xia WB. Management of fracture risk in patients with diabetes-Chinese Expert Consensus. J Diabetes 2019; 11:906-919. [PMID: 31219236 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Long Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Kouvelioti R, LeBlanc P, Falk B, Ward WE, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Running Versus Cycling on Sclerostin, and Markers of Bone Turnover and Oxidative Stress in Young Men. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:582-590. [PMID: 30671591 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study compared sclerostin's response to impact versus no-impact high-intensity interval exercise in young men and examined the association between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and markers of bone turnover and oxidative stress. Twenty healthy men (22.3 ± 2.3 years) performed two high-intensity interval exercise trials (crossover design); running on treadmill and cycling on cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight 1 min running or cycling intervals at ≥ 90% of maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at rest (pre-exercise), and 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h following each trial. Serum levels of sclerostin, cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC) were measured. There was no significant time or exercise mode effect for PINP and PC. A significant time effect was found for sclerostin, CTXI, and TBARS with no significant exercise mode effect and no significant time-by-mode interaction. Sclerostin increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (47%, p < 0.05) and returned to baseline within 1 h following the exercise. CTXI increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (28%, p < 0.05), then gradually returned to baseline by 48 h. TBARS did not increase significantly from pre- to 5 min post-exercise but significantly decreased from 5 min to 48 h post-exercise. There were no significant correlations between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and any other marker. In young men, sclerostin's response to high-intensity interval exercise is independent of impact and is not related to changes in bone turnover and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kouvelioti
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - P LeBlanc
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - B Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - W E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A R Josse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - P Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Sun N, Uda Y, Azab E, Kochen A, Santos RNCE, Shi C, Kobayashi T, Wein MN, Divieti Pajevic P. Effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor Scriptaid and parathyroid hormone on osteocyte functions and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9722-9733. [PMID: 31068415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly metabolic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain its structural integrity. During development, bones, in particular osteoblasts, rely on glucose uptake. However, the role of glucose metabolism in osteocytes is unknown. Osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts orchestrating bone modeling and remodeling. In these cells, parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppresses Sost/sclerostin expression (a potent inhibitor of bone formation) by promoting nuclear translocation of class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4 and 5 and the repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) type C. Recently, Scriptaid, an HDAC complex co-repressor inhibitor, has been shown to induce MEF2 activation and exercise-like adaptation in mice. In muscles, Scriptaid disrupts the HDAC4/5 co-repressor complex, increases MEF2C function, and promotes cell respiration. We hypothesized that Scriptaid, by affecting HDAC4/5 localization and MEF2C activation, might affect osteocyte functions. Treatment of the osteocytic Ocy454-12H cells with Scriptaid increased metabolic gene expression, cell respiration, and glucose uptake. Similar effects were also seen upon treatment with PTH, suggesting that both Scriptaid and PTH can promote osteocyte metabolism. Similar to PTH, Scriptaid potently suppressed Sost expression. Silencing of HDAC5 in Ocy454-12H cells abolished Sost suppression but not glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) up-regulation induced by Scriptaid. These results demonstrate that Scriptaid increases osteocyte respiration and glucose uptake by mechanisms independent of HDAC complex inhibition. In osteocytes, Scriptaid, similar to PTH, increases binding of HDAC5 to Mef2c with suppression of Sost but only partially increases receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) expression, suggesting a potential bone anabolic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Sun
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Yuhei Uda
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Ehab Azab
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Alejandro Kochen
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Roberto Nunes Campos E Santos
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Chao Shi
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.,the Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China, and
| | - Tokio Kobayashi
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Marc N Wein
- the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
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Tsukamoto M, Wang KY, Tasaki T, Murata Y, Okada Y, Yamanaka Y, Nakamura E, Yamada S, Izumi H, Zhou Q, Azuma K, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K, Sakai A. Findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle. Bone 2019; 120:75-84. [PMID: 30315998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt10a is a member of the WNT family. Although deficiency of this gene causes symptoms related to teeth, hair, nails, and skin, we recently demonstrated a new phenotype of Wnt10a knockout (KO) mice involving bone and fat. The in vivo effect of the Wnt10a gene on bone and fat is unclear, and the relationship between bone/fat and muscle in Wnt10a signaling is also interesting. We aimed to evaluate the tissue changes in Wnt10a KO mice compared to wild-type mice and show the findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle. Trabecular bone loss in the lower limbs of Wnt10a mice and decreased bone mineralization were observed. The adipose tissue in bone marrow was also decreased, and adipocyte differentiation was reduced. The body fat mass in Wnt10a KO mice was decreased, and white adipocytes in subcutaneous fat were converted to beige adipocytes. The muscle weight of the lower limbs was not decreased despite trabecular bone loss, but Gdf8/myostatin expression was reduced in the subcutaneous fat and gastrocnemius muscles of Wnt10a KO mice. Thus, in vivo deletion of Wnt10a inhibited osteogenic activity, promoted beige adipogenesis of white adipocytes and maintained muscle mass. These results suggest that regulation of Gdf8 by Wnt10a may help maintain the muscle mass of Wnt10a KO mice. This study was the first to histologically evaluate the bone, fat and muscle phenotypes of Wnt10a KO mice. The results of this study, which were obtained by investigating the three tissues together, could influence the understanding of in vivo interactions involving the Wnt10a gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | | | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Divieti Pajevic P, Krause DS. Osteocyte regulation of bone and blood. Bone 2019; 119:13-18. [PMID: 29458123 PMCID: PMC6095825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This past decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the function and biology of matrix-embedded osteocytes and these cells have emerged as master regulators of bone homeostasis. They secrete two very powerful proteins, sclerostin, a Wnt-inhibitor, that suppresses bone formation, and receptor-activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), a cytokine required for osteoclastogenesis. Neutralizing antibodies against these proteins are currently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies however, ascribed yet another function to osteocytes: the control of hematopoiesis and the HSPC niche, directly and through secreted factors. In the absence of osteocytes there is an increase in HSC mobilization and abnormal lymphopoiesis whereas in the absence of Gsα signaling in these cells there is an increase of myeloid cells. How exactly osteocytes control hematopoiesis or the HSPC niche is still not completely understood. In this review we summarize the actions of osteocytes in bone and then analyze the effects of these cells on hematopoiesis. Future directions and gaps in current knowledge are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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45
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Su N, Yang J, Xie Y, Du X, Chen H, Zhou H, Chen L. Bone function, dysfunction and its role in diseases including critical illness. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:776-787. [PMID: 30906209 PMCID: PMC6429025 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the human body. In addition to its conventional functions such as support, movement and protection, the skeleton also contributes to whole body homeostasis and maintenance of multiple important non-bone organs/systems (extraskeletal functions). Both conventional and extraskeletal functions of the skeleton are defined as bone function. Bone-derived factors (BDFs) are key players regulating bone function. In some pathophysiological situations, including diseases affecting bone and/or other organs/systems, the disorders of bone itself and the subsequently impaired functions of extraskeletal organs/systems caused by abnormal bone (impaired extraskeletal functions of bone) are defined as bone dysfunction. In critical illness, which is a health status characterized by the dysfunction or severe damage of one or multiple important organs or systems, the skeleton shows rapid bone loss resulting from bone hyper-resorption and impaired osteoblast function. In addition, the dysfunctions of the skeleton itself are also closely related to the severity and prognosis of critical illness. Therefore, we propose that there is bone dysfunction in critical illness. Some methods to inhibit osteoclast activity or promote osteoblast function by the treatment of bisphosphonates or PTH1-34 benefit the outcome of critical illness, which indicates that enhancing bone function may be a potential novel strategy to improve prognosis of diseases including critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Hospital Road, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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46
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Fulzele K, Dedic C, Lai F, Bouxsein M, Lotinun S, Baron R, Divieti Pajevic P. Loss of Gsα in osteocytes leads to osteopenia due to sclerostin induced suppression of osteoblast activity. Bone 2018; 117:138-148. [PMID: 30266511 PMCID: PMC6207374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The stimulatory subunit of G-protein, Gsα, acts as a secondary messenger of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that primarily activates cAMP-induced signaling. GPCRs, such as the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR), are critical regulators of bone formation as shown by number of genetic manipulation studies targeting early osteoblast lineage cells. In this study, we have examined the role of Gsα in osteocytes, the terminally differentiated and most abundant cells of the osteoblast lineage. Mice lacking the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα) in osteocytes (DMP1-GsαKO) have significant decrease of both trabecular and cortical bone, as assessed by μCT. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the osteopenia was mostly driven by more than 90% decrease in osteoblast numbers and activity whereas osteoclasts were only slightly decreased. The decrease in osteoblast number was associated with a striking lack of endocortical osteoblasts. We have previously shown that loss of the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα) in osteocytes in vitro or in vivo induces high expression of sclerostin. To determine if the increased sclerostin levels contributed to the decreased endosteal bone lining cells and osteopenia, we treated wild-type mice with recombinant sclerostin and the DMP1-GsαKO mice with anti-sclerostin antibody. Treatment of wild-type mice with 100 μg/kg sclerostin for 3-weeks significantly reduced the numbers of bone lining cells and led to osteopenia. Next, the DMP1-GsαKO and control littermates were treated with the anti-sclerostin antibody (25 mg/kg, 2 times per week) for 4-weeks. Upon the antibody treatment, the endocortical osteoblasts reappeared in the DMP1-GsαKO mice to a comparable level to that of the vehicle treated control littermates. In control mice, E11/gp38 positive osteocytes were observed in parallel with the endocortical osteoblasts with higher dendrite density towards the endocortical osteoblasts. In DMP1-GsαKO mice, E11/gp38 positive osteocytes were lacking dendrites and were randomly scattered throughout the bone matrix. After treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody, DMP1-GsαKO mice showed increased E11/gp38 positive osteocytes near the endosteal bone surface and endosteal osteoblasts. The anti-sclerostin antibody treatment proportionally increased the bone volume but it could not completely rescue the osteopenia in the DMP1-GsαKO mice. Taken together, this data suggests that Gsα signaling in osteocytes leads to osteopenia driven, at least in part, by increased secretion of sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertik Fulzele
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Christopher Dedic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Forest Lai
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physiology and Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roland Baron
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA.
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47
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Response of Sclerostin and Bone Turnover Markers to High Intensity Interval Exercise in Young Women: Does Impact Matter? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4864952. [PMID: 30515401 PMCID: PMC6236652 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4864952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined potential exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and in bone turnover markers in young women following two modes of high intensity interval exercise that involve impact (running) or no-impact (cycling). Healthy, recreationally active, females (n=20; 22.5±2.7 years) performed two exercise trials in random order: high intensity interval running (HIIR) on a treadmill and high intensity interval cycling (HIIC) on a cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight 1 min running or cycling intervals at ≥90% of maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at rest (pre-exercise) and 5 min, 1h, 24h, and 48h following each exercise trial. Serum was analyzed for sclerostin, cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP). A significant time effect was found for sclerostin, which increased from pre-exercise to 5 min after exercise in both trials (100.2 to 131.6 pg/ml in HIIR; 102.3 to 135.8 pg/ml in HIIC, p<0.001) and returned to baseline levels by 1h, with no difference between exercise modes and no exercise mode-by-time interaction. CTXI did not significantly change following either trial. PINP showed an overall time effect following HIIR, but none of the post hoc pairwise comparisons were statistically significant. In young women, a single bout of high intensity exercise induces an increase in serum sclerostin, irrespective of exercise mode (impact versus no-impact), but this response is not accompanied by a response in either bone formation or resorption markers.
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48
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Clinical advantages and disadvantages of anabolic bone therapies targeting the WNT pathway. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:605-623. [PMID: 30181608 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway is a key regulator of bone metabolism, particularly bone formation, which has helped to define the role of osteocytes - the most abundant bone cells - as orchestrators of bone remodelling. Several molecules involved in the control of the WNT signalling pathway have been identified as potential targets for the development of bone-building therapeutics for patients with osteoporosis. Several of these molecules have been investigated in animal models, but only inhibitors of sclerostin (which is produced by osteocytes) have been investigated in phase III clinical studies. Here, we review the rationale for these developments and the specificity and potential off-target actions of WNT-based therapeutics. We also describe the available preclinical and clinical studies and discuss the benefits and risks of using sclerostin inhibitors for the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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49
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Liu DM, Mosialou I, Liu JM. Bone: Another potential target to treat, prevent and predict diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1817-1828. [PMID: 29687585 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is now a worldwide health problem with increasing prevalence. Mounting efforts have been made to treat, prevent and predict this chronic disease. In recent years, increasing evidence from mice and clinical studies suggests that bone-derived molecules modulate glucose metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the interplay between bone and glucose metabolism and to highlight potential new means of therapeutic intervention. The first molecule recognized as a link between bone and glucose metabolism is osteocalcin (OCN), which functions in its active form, that is, undercarboxylated OCN (ucOC). ucOC acts in promoting insulin expression and secretion, facilitating insulin sensitivity, and favouring glucose and fatty acid uptake and utilization. A second bone-derived molecule, lipocalin2, functions in suppressing appetite in mice through its action on the hypothalamus. Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone matrix, are suggested to act on the browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure through secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and sclerostin. The involvement of bone resorption in glucose homeostasis has also been examined. However, there is evidence indicating the implication of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, neuropeptide Y, and other known and unidentified bone-derived factors that function in glucose homeostasis. We summarize recent advances and the rationale for treating, preventing and predicting diabetes by skeleton intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ioanna Mosialou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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50
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Drake MT, Fenske JS, Blocki FA, Zierold C, Appelman-Dijkstra N, Papapoulos S, Khosla S. Validation of a novel, rapid, high precision sclerostin assay not confounded by sclerostin fragments. Bone 2018; 111:36-43. [PMID: 29550267 PMCID: PMC5924723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin is a 190 amino acid protein secreted primarily by osteocytes. It was initially identified due to mutations in the SOST gene associated with high bone mass phenotypes. Much recent work has sought to determine the importance of sclerostin across an array of conditions which affect the human skeleton. However, accurate measurement of sclerostin from serum and plasma sources remains a significant impediment, with currently available commercial assays showing marked differences in measured sclerostin values. Accordingly, sclerostin assay standardization remains an important but unmet need before sclerostin measurements can be used for the clinical management of bone disease. Here we characterize a novel automated chemiluminescent sclerostin assay (LIAISON®, DiaSorin) which overcomes many of these limitations. Important assay characteristics include: a wide dynamic range (50-6500pg/mL); high intra- (<2.5%) and inter- (<5%) assay precision; matched serum and plasma equivalence (<10% difference); specificity for the intact sclerostin molecule; and rapid assay results. Serum sclerostin levels measured with the LIAISON® assay in a population-based sample of adult men (n=278) and women (n=348) demonstrated that sclerostin levels were significantly higher in men as compared to women and were positively associated with age in both sexes, consistent with previously published work. In postmenopausal women, serum sclerostin levels measured with the LIAISON® assay were reduced in response to treatment with either estrogen or teriparatide, again consistent with previous findings. Collectively, the above data demonstrate that the LIAISON® sclerostin assay provides a reliable tool for more confident assessment of emergent mechanisms wherein sclerostin may impact a number of bone related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Drake
- Department of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Frank A Blocki
- DiaSorin Inc., 1951 Northwestern Ave, Stillwater, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Socrates Papapoulos
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Endocrinology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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