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Li Y, Qian F, Cheng X, Wang D, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chen L, Wang W, Tian Y. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0379622. [PMID: 36625596 PMCID: PMC9927158 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03796-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have shown that oral microbial disorders may be closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We performed metagenomic analyses and nontargeted metabolic analysis of saliva and supragingival plaque samples from patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and normal controls. We found that periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly enriched, while the abundances of dental caries pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were not significantly different in patients with T2DM compared to those in normal controls. Metabolomic analyses showed that the salivary levels of cadaverine and L-(+)-leucine of patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those of normal controls, while the supragingival plaque levels of N-acetyldopamine and 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid in patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those in the normal controls. Additionally, we identified the types of oral microorganisms related to the changes in the levels of circulating metabolites, and the oral microorganisms were involved in the dysregulation of harmful metabolites such as cadaverine and n, n-dimethylarginine. Overall, our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in T2DM. IMPORTANCE The incidence of oral diseases in type 2 diabetic patients might increase, and the severity might also be more serious. At present, the relationship between oral microorganisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a hot topic in systemic health research. However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We found that even if the oral condition of T2DM is healthy, their oral microbes and metabolites have changed, thus increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and revealed the correlation between oral microorganisms and their metabolites, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Brandt IAG, Jessen MH, Rimestad DE, Højgaard MKF, Vestergaard P. Advanced glycation end products and bone - How do we measure them and how do they correlate with bone mineral density and fractures? A systematic review and evaluation of precision of measures. Bone 2022; 165:116569. [PMID: 36174927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone fragility especially in diabetic bone disease is increasingly recognized and researched. As skeletal frailty in diabetes does not correlate to bone mineral density (BMD) in the same way as in postmenopausal osteoporosis, BMD may not be a suitable measure of bone quality in persons with diabetes. Abundant research exists upon the effect of AGEs on bone, and though full understanding of the mechanisms of actions does not yet exist, there is little doubt of the clinical relevance. Thus, the measurement of AGEs as well as possible treatment effects on AGEs have become issues of interest. The aim of this report is to summarize results of measurements of AGEs. It consists of a systematic review of the existing literature on AGE measurements in clinical research, an evaluation of the precision of skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement by AGE Reader® (Diagnoptics), and a short commentary on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with and without diabetes with respects to AGEs. We conclude that various AGE measures correlate well, both fluorescent and non-fluorescent and in different tissues, and that more than one target of measure may be used. However, pentosidine has shown good correlation with both bone measures and fracture risk in existing literature and results on SAF as a surrogate measurement is promising as some corresponding associations with fracture risk and bone measures are reported. As SAF measurements performed with the AGE Reader® display high precision and allow for a totally noninvasive procedure, conducting AGE measurements using this method has great potential and further research of its applicability is encouraged.
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Weber DR, Long F, Zemel BS, Kindler JM. Glycemic Control and Bone in Diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:379-388. [PMID: 36214991 PMCID: PMC9549036 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent developments on the effects of glycemic control and diabetes on bone health. We discuss the foundational cellular mechanisms through which diabetes and impaired glucose control impact bone biology, and how these processes contribute to bone fragility in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Glucose is important for osteoblast differentiation and energy consumption of mature osteoblasts. The role of insulin is less clear, but insulin receptor deletion in mouse osteoblasts reduces bone formation. Epidemiologically, type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) associate with increased fracture risk, which is greater among people with T1D. Accumulation of cortical bone micro-pores, micro-vascular complications, and AGEs likely contribute to diabetes-related bone fragility. The effects of youth-onset T2D on peak bone mass attainment and subsequent skeletal fragility are of particular concern. Further research is needed to understand the effects of hyperglycemia on skeletal health through the lifecycle, including the related factors of inflammation and microvascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Weber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia,, PA, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, 14th Floor/Room 14471, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Csongová M, Scheijen JLJM, van de Waarenburg MPH, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Tábi T, Szökö É, Schalkwijk CG, Šebeková K. Association of α-Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End Products with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224929. [PMID: 36432614 PMCID: PMC9695161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by a variety of mechanisms. To investigate whether young insulin-resistant subjects present markers of increased dicarbonyl stress, we determined serum α-dicarbonyls-methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone; their derived free- and protein-bound, and urinary AGEs using the UPLC/MS-MS method; soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk markers in 142 (49% females) insulin resistant (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) ≤ 0.319) and 167 (47% females) age-, and waist-to-height ratio-matched insulin-sensitive controls aged 16-to-22 years. The between-group comparison was performed using the two-factor (sex, presence/absence of insulin resistance) analysis of variance; multiple regression via the orthogonal projection to latent structures model. In comparison with their insulin-sensitive peers, young healthy insulin-resistant individuals without diabetes manifest alterations throughout the α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis, dominated by higher 3-deoxyglucosone levels. Variables of α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis were associated with insulin sensitivity independently from cardiometabolic risk markers, and sex-specifically. Cleaved RAGE associates with QUICKI only in males; while multiple α-dicarbonyls and AGEs independently associate with QUICKI particularly in females, who displayed a more advantageous cardiometabolic profile compared with males. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether interventions alleviating dicarbonyl stress ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Wang L, Zhang H, Xu T, Zhang J, Liu Y, Qu Y. Effects of cheerleading practice on advanced glycation end products, areal bone mineral density, and physical fitness in female adolescents. Front Physiol 2022; 13:954672. [PMID: 36160858 PMCID: PMC9494030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.954672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise has been widely reported to promote bone health, but it is unknown whether is associated with a reduction in advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of 14 weeks of cheerleading exercise on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and AGEs. Methods: In this study, 46 female teenagers (age, 19.52 ± 1.21 years; body mass index, 20.15 ± 2.47 kg/m2) were randomly divided into a cheerleading group (CHE, n = 21) and a control group (CON, n = 25). The CHE group was subjected to cheerleading practice twice a week for 14 weeks; the CON group maintained their daily routine. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD, and autofluorescence (AF) values were used to reflect AGEs. Physical fitness testing all-in-one machines are used to test body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness and flexibility. A mixed ANOVA model was used to examine the effect of the intervention on each outcome. A multiple mediation model with covariates for physical activity and eating behaviors was performed to explore the mediators between cheerleading exercise and aBMD. Results: After 14 weeks of cheerleading practice, 1) aBMD increased significantly in both groups with significantly higher increases in the CHE group (p < 0.05). 2) AGEs significantly decreased in the CHE group (−2.7%), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 3) Vertical jumps and sit-ups significantly increased in the CHE group (p < 0.05), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 4) ΔAF values was significantly negatively correlated with Δ aBMD (r = −0.302, p < 0.05). 5) ΔAF values mediated the effect of exercise on the aBMD (indirect effect: 0.0032, 95% CI 0.0002–0.0079). Conclusion: Cheerleading practice improved aBMD and physical fitness and reduced AGEs accumulation in female adolescents. The effect of exercise on aBMD was partially mediated by AGEs.
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Mukunda DC, Joshi VK, Chandra S, Siddaramaiah M, Rodrigues J, Gadag S, Nayak UY, Mazumder N, Satyamoorthy K, Mahato KK. Probing nonenzymatic glycation of proteins by deep ultraviolet light emitting diode induced autofluorescence. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:279-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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