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Li L, Lu L, Xiao Z, Lv J, Huang H, Wu B, Zhao T, Li C, Wang W, Wang H. Deamidation enables pathogenic SMAD6 variants to activate the BMP signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2532-5. [PMID: 38913236 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The BMP signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating early embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. SMAD6 encodes a negative regulator of BMP, and rare variants of SMAD6 are recurrently found in individuals with birth defects. However, we observed that a subset of rare pathogenic variants of SMAD6 consistently exhibited positive regulatory effects instead of the initial negative effects on the BMP signaling pathway. We sought to determine whether these SMAD6 variants have common pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we showed that pathogenic SMAD6 variants accompanying this functional reversal exhibit similar increases in deamidation. Mechanistically, increased deamidation of SMAD6 variants promotes the accumulation of the BMP receptor BMPR1A and the formation of new complexes, both of which lead to BMP signaling pathway activation. Specifically, two residues, N262 and N404, in SMAD6 were identified as the crucial sites of deamidation, which was catalyzed primarily by glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2). Additionally, treatment of cells harboring SMAD6 variants with a deamidase inhibitor restored the inhibitory effect of SMAD6 on the BMP signaling pathway. Conversely, when wild-type SMAD6 was manually simulated to mimic the deamidated state, the reversed function of activating BMP signaling was reproduced. Taken together, these findings show that deamidation of SMAD6 plays a crucial role in the functional reversal of BMP signaling activity, which can be induced by a subset of various SMAD6 variants. Our study reveals a common pathogenic mechanism shared by these variants and provides a potential strategy for preventing birth defects through deamidation regulation, which might prevent the off-target effects of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Reproduction and Development, and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Ziqi Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Reproduction and Development, and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Reproduction and Development, and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Tongjin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chengtao Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Reproduction and Development, and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China.
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Radak M, Fallahi H. Cell-cell communication in stem cells and cancer: Alone but in touch. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:479-488. [PMID: 38228866 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular communication and signaling pathways are fundamental regulators of stem cell and cancer cell behaviors. This review explores the intricate interplay of these pathways in governing cellular behaviors, focusing on their implications for diseases, particularly cancer. OBJECTIVES This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the significance of cellular signaling pathways in regulating the behavior of stem cells and cancer cells. It delves into the alterations in these pathways, their impact on cell fate, and their implications for developing diseases, notably cancer. The objective is to underscore the importance of understanding these signaling pathways for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS The review critically analyzes existing literature and research findings concerning the roles of signaling pathways in stem cell behavior regulation, emphasizing their parallels and disparities in cancer cells. It synthesizes information on both direct and indirect modes of cell communication to delineate the complexity of signaling networks. RESULTS Direct and indirect modes of cell communication intricately regulate the complex signaling pathways governing stem cell behaviors, influencing differentiation potential and tissue regeneration. Alterations in these pathways significantly impact stem cell fate, contributing to disease pathogenesis, including cancer. Understanding these signaling cascades offers insights into developing targeted therapies, particularly cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Understanding the regulation of signaling pathways in stem cells and the specialized subset of cancer stem cells holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches. By targeting aberrant signaling pathways, tailored interventions may improve treatment outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of signaling pathways in cellular behaviors, offering a pathway toward developing novel, more effective therapies for diverse diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Radak
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Thériault S, Li Z, Abner E, Luan J, Manikpurage HD, Houessou U, Zamani P, Briend M, Boudreau DK, Gaudreault N, Frenette L, Argaud D, Dahmene M, Dagenais F, Clavel MA, Pibarot P, Arsenault BJ, Boekholdt SM, Wareham NJ, Esko T, Mathieu P, Bossé Y. Integrative genomic analyses identify candidate causal genes for calcific aortic valve stenosis involving tissue-specific regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2407. [PMID: 38494474 PMCID: PMC10944835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently no medical therapy to prevent calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Multi-omics approaches could lead to the identification of novel molecular targets. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis including 14,819 cases among 941,863 participants of European ancestry. We report 32 genomic loci, among which 20 are novel. RNA sequencing of 500 human aortic valves highlights an enrichment in expression regulation at these loci and prioritizes candidate causal genes. Homozygous genotype for a risk variant near TWIST1, a gene involved in endothelial-mesenchymal transition, has a profound impact on aortic valve transcriptomics. We identify five genes outside of GWAS loci by combining a transcriptome-wide association study, colocalization, and Mendelian randomization analyses. Using cross-phenotype and phenome-wide approaches, we highlight the role of circulating lipoproteins, blood pressure and inflammation in the disease process. Our findings pave the way for the development of novel therapies for CAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Thériault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ursula Houessou
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pardis Zamani
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mewen Briend
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique K Boudreau
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lily Frenette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Déborah Argaud
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Manel Dahmene
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Dagenais
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Huang Y, Ge MX, Li YH, Li JL, Yu Q, Xiao FH, Ao HS, Yang LQ, Li J, He Y, Kong QP. Longevity-Associated Transcription Factor ATF7 Promotes Healthspan by Suppressing Cellular Senescence and Systematic Inflammation. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1217. [PMID: 37163432 PMCID: PMC10389835 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by persistent low-grade systematic inflammation, which is largely responsible for the occurrence of various age-associated diseases. We and others have previously reported that long-lived people (such as centenarians) can delay the onset of or even escape certain major age-related diseases. Here, by screening blood transcriptome and inflammatory profiles, we found that long-lived individuals had a relatively lower inflammation level (IL6, TNFα), accompanied by up-regulation of activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7). Interestingly, ATF7 expression was gradually reduced during cellular senescence. Loss of ATF7 induced cellular senescence, while overexpression delayed senescence progress and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion. We showed that the anti-senescence effects of ATF7 were achieved by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and increasing histone H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). In Caenorhabditis elegans, ATF7 overexpression significantly suppressed aging biomarkers and extended lifespan. Our findings suggest that ATF7 is a longevity-promoting factor that lowers cellular senescence and inflammation in long-lived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Shun Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Zhao J, Duan X, Yan S, Liu Y, Wang K, Hu M, Chai Q, Liu L, Ge C, Jia J, Dou T. Transcriptomics reveals the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula on improving bone quality in broiler. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103044. [PMID: 37717480 PMCID: PMC10507442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorder is of concern to the poultry industry as it affects animal welfare and production performance. Traditional Chinese medicine could improve bone quality and reduce the incidence of bone disease, but the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula (CMF) on improving bone quality in broilers is still unclear. This study was performed to research the effects of CMF on skeletal performance of Cobb broilers and reveal the molecular regulation. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups of 30 chickens, with 5 replicates and 6 chickens in each replicate. The control (CON) group was fed a diet without CMF, while the CMF1, CMF2, and CMF3 groups were supplemented with different CMF at 6,000 mg/kg diet, respectively. The broilers were raised to 60 d of age, then bone tissues were collected for biomechanical properties, micro-CT detection and transcriptomic sequencing analysis. The results showed that CMF3 improved the biomechanical properties of broiler tibia, via increasing the elastic modulus (P < 0.05), yield strength (P > 0.05), maximum stress (P < 0.05) and fracture stress (P < 0.05) of the tibia. Micro-CT analysis indicated that CMF3 increased the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface density (BS/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of femur cancellous bone (P < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed 2,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FoldChange| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05) between the CMF3 group and CON group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis showed 13 pathways mostly associated with bone growth and development and bone metabolism, and we identified 39 bone-related DEGs. This study suggests that CMF3 could improve bone strength and bone microstructure of broilers, and showed a positive effect on bone performance. Our research could provide a theoretical reference for the development of pollution-free feed additives to improve the skeletal performance of broilers, which could help promote healthy farming of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, 650031 Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China.
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Wang X, Mei D, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Lu T, Yan H, Yue W. Genome-wide association study identified six loci associated with adverse drug reactions to aripiprazole in schizophrenia patients. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37491364 PMCID: PMC10368716 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Aripiprazole is recommended for routine use in schizophrenia patients. However, the biological mechanism for the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among schizophrenia patients with the antipsychotic drug aripiprazole is far from clear. To explore the potential genetic factors that may cause movement-related adverse antipsychotic effects in patients, we conducted an association analysis between movement-related ADRs and SNPs in schizophrenia patients receiving aripiprazole monotherapy. In this study, multiple ADRs of 384 patients were quantified within 6-week treatment, and the scores of movement-related ADRs at baseline and follow-up time points during treatment were obtained. The highest score record was used as the quantitative index in analysis, and genetic analysis at the genome-wide level was conducted. The SNP rs4149181 in SLC22A8 [P = 2.28 × 10-8] showed genome-wide significance, and rs2284223 in ADCYAP1R1 [P = 9.76 × 10-8], rs73258503 in KCNIP4 [P = 1.39 × 10-7], rs678428 in SMAD9 [P = 4.70 × 10-7], rs6421034 in NAP1L4 [P = 6.80 × 10-7], and rs1394796 in ERBB4 [P = 8.60 × 10-7] were found to be significantly associated with movement-related ADRs. The combined prediction model of these six loci showed acceptable performance in predicting adverse events [area under the curve (AUC): 0.84]. Combined with the function and network of the above genes and other candidate loci (KCNA1, CACNG1, etc.), we hypothesize that SLC22A8 and KCNIP4-Kv channel perform their respective functions as transporter or channel and participate in the in vivo metabolism or effects of aripiprazole. The above results imply the important function of ion transporters and channels in movement-related adverse antipsychotic effects in aripiprazole monotherapy schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China
| | - Dongli Mei
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 10019, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China.
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018RU006), Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Hassan N, Gregson CL, Tang H, van der Kamp M, Leo P, McInerney‐Leo AM, Zheng J, Brandi ML, Tang JCY, Fraser W, Stone MD, Grundberg E, Brown MA, Duncan EL, Tobias JH. Rare and Common Variants in GALNT3 May Affect Bone Mass Independently of Phosphate Metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:678-691. [PMID: 36824040 PMCID: PMC10729283 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic treatment options for osteoporosis remain limited. One approach to discovering novel anabolic drug targets is to identify genetic causes of extreme high bone mass (HBM). We investigated a pedigree with unexplained HBM within the UK HBM study, a national cohort of probands with HBM and their relatives. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in a family with HBM identified a rare heterozygous missense variant (NM_004482.4:c.1657C > T, p.Arg553Trp) in GALNT3, segregating appropriately. Interrogation of data from the UK HBM study and the Anglo-Australasian Osteoporosis Genetics Consortium (AOGC) revealed an unrelated individual with HBM with another rare heterozygous variant (NM_004482.4:c.831 T > A, p.Asp277Glu) within the same gene. In silico protein modeling predicted that p.Arg553Trp would disrupt salt-bridge interactions, causing instability of GALNT3, and that p.Asp277Glu would disrupt manganese binding and consequently GALNT3 catalytic function. Bi-allelic loss-of-function GALNT3 mutations alter FGF23 metabolism, resulting in hyperphosphatemia and causing familial tumoral calcinosis (FTC). However, bone mineral density (BMD) in FTC cases, when reported, has been either normal or low. Common variants in the GALNT3 locus show genome-wide significant associations with lumbar, femoral neck, and total body BMD. However, no significant associations with BMD are observed at loci coding for FGF23, its receptor FGFR1, or coreceptor klotho. Mendelian randomization analysis, using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from primary human osteoblasts and genome-wide association studies data from UK Biobank, suggested increased expression of GALNT3 reduces total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD but has no effect on phosphate concentrations. In conclusion, rare heterozygous loss-of-function variants in GALNT3 may cause HBM without altering phosphate concentration. These findings suggest that GALNT3 may affect BMD through pathways other than FGF23 regulation, the identification of which may yield novel anabolic drug targets for osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Haotian Tang
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Paul Leo
- Faculty of Health, Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aideen M. McInerney‐Leo
- The Faculty of Medicine, Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | | | - Jonathan C. Y. Tang
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory MedicineNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - William Fraser
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical BiochemistryNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Michael D. Stone
- University Hospital LlandoughCardiff & Vale University Health BoardCardiffUK
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine CenterChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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9
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Bergen DJM, Maurizi A, Formosa MM, McDonald GLK, El-Gazzar A, Hassan N, Brandi ML, Riancho JA, Rivadeneira F, Ntzani E, Duncan EL, Gregson CL, Kiel DP, Zillikens MC, Sangiorgi L, Högler W, Duran I, Mäkitie O, Van Hul W, Hendrickx G. High Bone Mass Disorders: New Insights From Connecting the Clinic and the Bench. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:229-247. [PMID: 36161343 PMCID: PMC10092806 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic high bone mass (HBM) disorders are characterized by an increased amount of bone in general, or at specific sites in the skeleton. Here, we describe 59 HBM disorders with 50 known disease-causing genes from the literature, and we provide an overview of the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Based on this, we classify the known HBM genes into HBM (sub)groups according to uniform Gene Ontology (GO) terminology. This classification system may aid in hypothesis generation, for both wet lab experimental design and clinical genetic screening strategies. We discuss how functional genomics can shape discovery of novel HBM genes and/or mechanisms in the future, through implementation of omics assessments in existing and future model systems. Finally, we address strategies to improve gene identification in unsolved HBM cases and highlight the importance for cross-laboratory collaborations encompassing multidisciplinary efforts to transfer knowledge generated at the bench to the clinic. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J M Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Melissa M Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Georgina L K McDonald
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of loannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Rare Skeletal Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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10
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Wu Y, Ye Q, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Xiao K, Zhu L, Yin Y, Dong H. Evaluation on antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides prepared by immobilized protease with eggshell membrane. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2391-2404. [PMID: 35584966 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagen peptides are a potential treatment for osteoporosis due to their antiosteoporosis activity. In this study, we prepared immobilized protease with eggshell membrane as carrier, and then hydrolyzed collagen to obtain collagen peptide. The antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was confirmed by hBMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization improvement results. Surprisingly, antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was related to the molecular weight of collagen peptides. This was derived from the osteoblast marker gene expressions, and mineral elements in P1 treatment were higher than those in P3 treatment. Consequently, these results confirmed that antiosteoporosis of low molecular weight collagen peptides is higher than that of higher molecular weight collagen peptides. Furthermore, the antiosteoporosis activity of P1 was due to its peptide sequences with known antiosteoporosis activity in P1. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Using eggshell membrane as carrier to prepare immobilized protease was meaningful for solving the problem of resource waste. In addition, the results showed that collagen peptides possessed antiosteoporosis, and the effect of low molecular weight collagen peptides was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing high antiosteoporosis collagen peptides able to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Zuxin Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Yin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Xia H, Tian Y, Lin Y, Huang Q, Xue Y. Evaluating Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblastic Precursors Upon Intermittent Administration of PTH/IGFBP7. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839035. [PMID: 35462909 PMCID: PMC9019492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1–34 is the first anabolic agent approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Preclinical evidence shows a potential association between PTH and osteosarcoma. The mechanisms mediating the bone- and neoplasm-forming effects of PTH remain incompleted understood, few studies on the role of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in mediating the anabolic effects of PTH has been reported. Intermittent PTH administration was found to increase the expression of IGFBP7 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pre-osteoblasts. The results indicated that the anabolic effects of PTH were interrupted when knockdown of IGFBP7, while supplementation with IGFBP7 protein could enhance the bone-forming efficacy of PTH and regulate the signaling pathways. Moreover, bone healing was accelerated by the administration of IGFBP7 along with PTH in a mouse model of fracture. The obtained results proved that IGFBP7 was necessary for the anabolic effects of PTH, and combined administration of PTH and IGFBP7 showed stronger bone-forming effects relative to administration of PTH alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyang Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yile Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qia Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Huang X, Jie S, Li W, Li H, Ni J, Liu C. miR-122-5p targets GREM2 to protect against glucocorticoid-induced endothelial damage through the BMP signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111541. [PMID: 34973370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) accounts for a big portion of non-traumatic ONFH; nevertheless, the pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. GC-induced endothelial dysfunction might be a major contributor to ONFH progression. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was analyzed to identify deregulated miRNAs in ONFH; among deregulated miRNAs, the physiological functions of miR-122-5p on ONFH and endothelial dysfunction remain unclear. In the present study, miR-122-5p showed to be under-expressed within GC-induced ONFH femoral head tissues and GC-stimulated bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and BMECs, GC stimulation significantly repressed cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and increased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. After overexpressing miR-122-5p, GC-induced endothelial injuries were attenuated, as manifested by rescued cell viability, cell migration, and tube formation capacity. Regarding the BMP signaling, GC decreased the protein levels of BMP-2/6/7 and SMAD-1/5/8, whereas miR-122-5p overexpression significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of GC on these proteins. Online tool and experimental analyses revealed the direct binding between miR-122-5p and GREM2, a specific antagonist of BMP-2. In contrast to miR-122-5p overexpression, GREM2 overexpression aggravated GC-induced endothelial injury; GREM2 silencing partially eliminated the effects of miR-122-5p inhibition on GC-stimulated HUVECs and BMECs. Finally, GREM2 silencing reversed the suppressive effects of GC on BMP-2/6/7 and SMAD-1/5/8, and attenuated the effects of miR-122-5p inhibition on these proteins upon GC stimulation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates a miR-122-5p/GREM2 axis modulating the GC-induced endothelial damage via the BMP/SMAD signaling. Considering the critical role of endothelial function in ONFH pathogenesis, the in vivo role and clinical application of the miR-122-5p/GREM2 axis is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuo Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of International Medical, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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14
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Martínez‐Gil N, Ovejero D, Garcia‐Giralt N, Bruque CD, Mellibovsky L, Nogués X, Rabionet R, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Genetic analysis in a familial case with high bone mineral density suggests additive effects at two
loci. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10602. [PMID: 35434450 PMCID: PMC9009133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture. At the other end of the BMD spectrum, some individuals present strong, fracture‐resistant, bones. Both osteoporosis and high BMD are heritable and their genetic architecture encompasses polygenic inheritance of common variants and some cases of monogenic highly penetrant variants in causal genes. We have investigated the genetics of high BMD in a family segregating this trait in an apparently Mendelian dominant pattern. We searched for rare causal variants by whole‐exome sequencing in three affected and three nonaffected family members. Using this approach, we have identified 38 rare coding variants present in the proband and absent in the three individuals with normal BMD. Although we have found four variants shared by the three affected members of the family, we have not been able to relate any of these to the high‐BMD phenotype. In contrast, we have identified missense variants in two genes, VAV3 and ADGRE5, each shared by two of out of three affected members, whose loss of function fits with the phenotype of the family. In particular, the proband, a woman displaying the highest BMD (sum Z‐score = 7), carries both variants, whereas the other two affected members carry one each. VAV3 encodes a guanine‐nucleotide‐exchange factor with an important role in osteoclast activation and function. Although no previous cases of VAV3 mutations have been reported in humans, Vav3 knockout (KO) mice display dense bones, similarly to the high‐BMD phenotype present in our family. The ADGRE5 gene encodes an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor expressed in osteoclasts whose KO mouse displays increased trabecular bone volume. Combined, these mouse and human data highlight VAV3 and ADGRE5 as novel putative high‐BMD genes with additive effects, and potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Martínez‐Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC El Calafate Santa Cruz Argentina
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD Barcelona Spain
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15
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Kaliya-Perumal AK, Ingham PW. Musculoskeletal regeneration: A zebrafish perspective. Biochimie 2021; 196:171-181. [PMID: 34715269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries are common in humans. The cascade of cellular and molecular events following such injuries results either in healing with functional recovery or scar formation. While fibrotic scar tissue serves to bridge between injured planes, it undermines functional integrity. Hence, faithful regeneration is the most desired outcome; however, the potential to regenerate is limited in humans. In contrast, various non-mammalian vertebrates have fascinating capabilities of regenerating even an entire appendage following amputation. Among them, zebrafish is an important and accessible laboratory model organism, sharing striking similarities with mammalian embryonic musculoskeletal development. Moreover, clinically relevant muscle and skeletal injury zebrafish models recapitulate mammalian regeneration. Upon muscle injury, quiescent stem cells - known as satellite cells - become activated, proliferate, differentiate and fuse to form new myofibres, while bone fracture results in a phased response involving hematoma formation, inflammation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation and remodelling. These models are well suited to testing gene- or pharmaco-therapy for the benefit of conditions like muscle tears and fractures. Insights from further studies on whole body part regeneration, a hallmark of the zebrafish model, have the potential to complement regenerative strategies to achieve faster and desired healing following injuries without any scar formation and, in the longer run, drive progress towards the realisation of large-scale regeneration in mammals. Here, we provide an overview of the basic mechanisms of musculoskeletal regeneration, highlight the key features of zebrafish as a regenerative model and outline the relevant studies that have contributed to the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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16
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Formosa MM, Bergen DJM, Gregson CL, Maurizi A, Kämpe A, Garcia-Giralt N, Zhou W, Grinberg D, Ovejero Crespo D, Zillikens MC, Williams GR, Bassett JHD, Brandi ML, Sangiorgi L, Balcells S, Högler W, Van Hul W, Mäkitie O. A Roadmap to Gene Discoveries and Novel Therapies in Monogenic Low and High Bone Mass Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709711. [PMID: 34539568 PMCID: PMC8444146 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of the skeleton encompass a diverse group of bone diseases differing in clinical characteristics, severity, incidence and molecular etiology. Of particular interest are the monogenic rare bone mass disorders, with the underlying genetic defect contributing to either low or high bone mass phenotype. Extensive, deep phenotyping coupled with high-throughput, cost-effective genotyping is crucial in the characterization and diagnosis of affected individuals. Massive parallel sequencing efforts have been instrumental in the discovery of novel causal genes that merit functional validation using in vitro and ex vivo cell-based techniques, and in vivo models, mainly mice and zebrafish. These translational models also serve as an excellent platform for therapeutic discovery, bridging the gap between basic science research and the clinic. Altogether, genetic studies of monogenic rare bone mass disorders have broadened our knowledge on molecular signaling pathways coordinating bone development and metabolism, disease inheritance patterns, development of new and improved bone biomarkers, and identification of novel drug targets. In this comprehensive review we describe approaches to further enhance the innovative processes taking discoveries from clinic to bench, and then back to clinic in rare bone mass disorders. We highlight the importance of cross laboratory collaboration to perform functional validation in multiple model systems after identification of a novel disease gene. We describe the monogenic forms of rare low and high rare bone mass disorders known to date, provide a roadmap to unravel the genetic determinants of monogenic rare bone mass disorders using proper phenotyping and genotyping methods, and describe different genetic validation approaches paving the way for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnological, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero Crespo
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (M.L.B.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Bezamat M, Zhou Y, Park T, Vieira AR. Genome-wide family-based study in torus palatinus affected individuals. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 130:105221. [PMID: 34352448 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tori or exostoses are bony growths that appear in different oral regions. Torus palatinus, more specifically, develop in the palate midline and can impair proper word pronunciation and hinder the fabrication and use of dentures. Even though a multifactorial inheritance model has been suggested for torus palatinus appearance, precise genetic factors involved in its etiology remain unclear. Hence, in this study we aimed to identify variants across the genome of individuals from 46 Filipino families that associate with torus palatinus. DESIGN All families were composed of fishermen or landless rural dwellers who provided blood samples for DNA extraction and genotyping. A total of 3519 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed through a transmission disequilibrium test in individuals affected by torus palatinus and their unaffected family members. RESULTS Fourteen SNPs showed trends for associations to the level of p < .005 threshold and several others were nominally (p < .05) associated with torus palatinus. We highlight SNP rs6582285, which is located in the CAPS2 gene, being the C allele less transmitted than the T allele in our sample. The C allele of CAPS2 rs6582285 protects from having torus palatinus whereas the other associations found were linked to an increased risk of developing the condition. CONCLUSIONS Trends for associations were identified for several markers across the genome, supporting the hypothesis that torus palatinus has a multifactorial mode of inheritance. We hope that our study contributes to a better understanding of torus palatinus etiology and helps guide future research in examining genes for this often-overlooked condition in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bezamat
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Park
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Li YD, Liu X, Li ZW, Wang WJ, Li YM, Cao ZP, Luan P, Xiao F, Gao HH, Guo HS, Wang N, Li H, Wang SZ. A combination of genome-wide association study and selection signature analysis dissects the genetic architecture underlying bone traits in chickens. Animal 2021; 15:100322. [PMID: 34311193 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bones of chicken play an important role in supporting and protecting the body. The growth and development of bones have a substantial influence on the health and production performance in chickens. However, genetic architecture underlying chicken bone traits is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to dissect the genetic basis of bone traits in chickens and to identify valuable genes and genetic markers for chicken breeding. We performed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selection signature analysis (fixation index values and nucleotide diversity ratios) in an F2 crossbred experimental population with different genetic backgrounds (broiler × layer) to identify candidate genes and significant variants related to femur, shank, keel length, chest width, metatarsal claw weight, metatarsal length, and metatarsal circumference. A total of 545 individuals were genotyped based on the whole genome re-sequencing method (26 F0 individuals were re-sequenced at 10 × coverage; 519 F2 individuals were re-sequenced at 3 × coverage). A total of 2 028 112 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained to carry out analysis after quality control and imputation. The integration of GWAS and selection signature analysis indicated that all significant SNPs responsible for bone traits were mainly localized on chicken chromosomes 1, 4, and 27. Finally, we identified 21 positional candidate genes that might regulate chicken bone growth and development, including LRCH1, RB1, FNDC3A, MLNR, CAB39L, FOXO1, LHFP, TRPC4, POSTN, SMAD9, RBPJ, PPARGC1A, SLIT2, NCAPG, NKX3-2, CPZ, SPOP, NGFR, SOST, ZNF652, and HOXB3. Additionally, an array of uncharacterized genes was identified. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of the genetic architecture of chicken bone traits and offer a molecular basis for applying genomics in practical chicken breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Z W Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - W J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y M Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Z P Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - P Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - F Xiao
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Guangze, Fujian Province 354100, PR China
| | - H H Gao
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Guangze, Fujian Province 354100, PR China
| | - H S Guo
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Guangze, Fujian Province 354100, PR China
| | - N Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - S Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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19
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Rosa JT, Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML. Fish Models of Induced Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672424. [PMID: 34179000 PMCID: PMC8222987 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are bone disorders characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), altered bone microarchitecture and increased bone fragility. Because of global aging, their incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide and novel treatments that would be more efficient at preventing disease progression and at reducing the risk of bone fractures are needed. Preclinical studies are today a major bottleneck to the collection of new data and the discovery of new drugs, since they are commonly based on rodent in vivo systems that are time consuming and expensive, or in vitro systems that do not exactly recapitulate the complexity of low BMD disorders. In this regard, teleost fish, in particular zebrafish and medaka, have recently emerged as suitable alternatives to study bone formation and mineralization and to model human bone disorders. In addition to the many technical advantages that allow faster and larger studies, the availability of several fish models that efficiently mimic human osteopenia and osteoporosis phenotypes has stimulated the interest of the academia and industry toward a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis but also toward the discovery of new bone anabolic or antiresorptive compounds. This mini review recapitulates the in vivo teleost fish systems available to study low BMD disorders and highlights their applications and the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,S2 AQUA - Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture Collaborative Laboratory, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,GreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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20
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GPR35 regulates osteogenesis via the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:171-178. [PMID: 33839412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that osteoporosis is a significant chronic disease with the increase of the aging population. Here, we report that expression of G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is suppressed in diagnosed osteoporosis patients and osteoporotic mice. The expression of GPR35 on BMSCs is enhanced during osteogenic differentiation. GPR35 knockout suppresses the proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs and deteriorates bone mass in both sham-treated and ovariectomized mice. Moreover, GPR35 deficiency reduces β-catenin activity in BMSCs. In contrast, the overexpression of GPR35 contributes to these processes in BMSCs. Finally, using zaprinast, a synthetic GPR35 agonist, we show that zaprinast rescues OVX-induced bone loss and promotes bone generation in mice. Thus, GPR35 may as a new target and its agonist zaprinast may serve as a novel treatment for osteoporosis.
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21
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Hartley A, Gregson CL, Paternoster L, Tobias JH. Osteoarthritis: Insights Offered by the Study of Bone Mass Genetics. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:115-122. [PMID: 33538965 PMCID: PMC8016765 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews how bone genetics has contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. As well as identifying specific genetic mechanisms involved in osteoporosis which also contribute to osteoarthritis, we review whether bone mineral density (BMD) plays a causal role in OA development. RECENT FINDINGS We examined whether those genetically predisposed to elevated BMD are at increased risk of developing OA, using our high bone mass (HBM) cohort. HBM individuals were found to have a greater prevalence of OA compared with family controls and greater development of radiographic features of OA over 8 years, with predominantly osteophytic OA. Initial Mendelian randomisation analysis provided additional support for a causal effect of increased BMD on increased OA risk. In contrast, more recent investigation estimates this relationship to be bi-directional. However, both these findings could be explained instead by shared biological pathways. Pathways which contribute to BMD appear to play an important role in OA development, likely reflecting shared common mechanisms as opposed to a causal effect of raised BMD on OA. Studies in HBM individuals suggest this reflects an important role of mechanisms involved in bone formation in OA development; however further work is required to establish whether the same applies to more common forms of OA within the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartley
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L Paternoster
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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22
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Luo LF, Guan P, Qin LY, Wang JX, Wang N, Ji ES. Astragaloside IV inhibits adriamycin-induced cardiac ferroptosis by enhancing Nrf2 signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2603-2611. [PMID: 33656642 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AsIV), an active ingredient isolated from traditional Chinese medicine astragalus membranaceus, is beneficial to cardiovascular health. This study aimed to characterize the functional role of AsIV against adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, healthy rats were treated with ADR and/or AsIV for 35 days. We found that AsIV protected the rats against ADR-induced cardiomyopathy characterized by myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Meanwhile, ADR increased type I and III collagens, TGF-β, NOX2, and NOX4 expression and SMAD2/3 activity in the left ventricles of rats, while those effects were countered by AsIV through suppressing oxidative stress. Moreover, ADR was found to promote cardiac ferroptosis, whereas administration of AsIV attenuated the process via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and the subsequent GPx4 expression increasing. These results suggest that AsIV might play a protective role against ADR-induced myocardial fibrosis, which may partly attribute to its anti-ferroptotic action by enhancing Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lu-Yun Qin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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23
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Tobias JH, Duncan EL, Kague E, Hammond CL, Gregson CL, Bassett D, Williams GR, Min JL, Gaunt TR, Karasik D, Ohlsson C, Rivadeneira F, Edwards JR, Hannan FM, Kemp JP, Gilbert SJ, Alonso N, Hassan N, Compston JE, Ralston SH. Opportunities and Challenges in Functional Genomics Research in Osteoporosis: Report From a Workshop Held by the Causes Working Group of the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy of the Royal Osteoporosis Society on October 5th 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:630875. [PMID: 33658983 PMCID: PMC7917291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.630875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that sclerostin is the defective protein underlying the rare heritable bone mass disorder, sclerosteosis, ultimately led to development of anti-sclerostin antibodies as a new treatment for osteoporosis. In the era of large scale GWAS, many additional genetic signals associated with bone mass and related traits have since been reported. However, how best to interrogate these signals in order to identify the underlying gene responsible for these genetic associations, a prerequisite for identifying drug targets for further treatments, remains a challenge. The resources available for supporting functional genomics research continues to expand, exemplified by "multi-omics" database resources, with improved availability of datasets derived from bone tissues. These databases provide information about potential molecular mediators such as mRNA expression, protein expression, and DNA methylation levels, which can be interrogated to map genetic signals to specific genes based on identification of causal pathways between the genetic signal and the phenotype being studied. Functional evaluation of potential causative genes has been facilitated by characterization of the "osteocyte signature", by broad phenotyping of knockout mice with deletions of over 7,000 genes, in which more detailed skeletal phenotyping is currently being undertaken, and by development of zebrafish as a highly efficient additional in vivo model for functional studies of the skeleton. Looking to the future, this expanding repertoire of tools offers the hope of accurately defining the major genetic signals which contribute to osteoporosis. This may in turn lead to the identification of additional therapeutic targets, and ultimately new treatments for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josine L. Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James R. Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie J. Gilbert
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet E. Compston
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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25
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Pharmacological Manipulation of Early Zebrafish Skeletal Development Shows an Important Role for Smad9 in Control of Skeletal Progenitor Populations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020277. [PMID: 33668680 PMCID: PMC7918065 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and other conditions associated with low bone density or quality are highly prevalent, are increasing as the population ages and with increased glucocorticoid use to treat conditions with elevated inflammation. There is an unmet need for therapeutics which can target skeletal precursors to induce osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. Genes associated with high bone mass represent interesting targets for manipulation, as they could offer ways to increase bone density. A damaging mutation in SMAD9 has recently been associated with high bone mass. Here we show that Smad9 labels groups of osteochondral precursor cells, which are not labelled by the other Regulatory Smads: Smad1 or Smad5. We show that Smad9+ cells are proliferative, and that the Smad9+ pocket expands following osteoblast ablation which induced osteoblast regeneration. We further show that treatment with retinoic acid, prednisolone, and dorsomorphin all alter Smad9 expression, consistent with the effects of these drugs on the skeletal system. Taken together these results demonstrate that Smad9+ cells represent an undifferentiated osteochondral precursor population, which can be manipulated by commonly used skeletal drugs. We conclude that Smad9 represents a target for future osteoanabolic therapies.
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26
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Pickering ME, Ltaief-Boudrigua A, Feurer E, Collet C, Chapurlat R. A new LRP6 variant and Camurati-Engelmann-like disease. Bone 2021; 143:115706. [PMID: 33164853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Camurati-Engelmann disease is a rare autosomal dominant bone dysplasia belonging to the group of craniotubular hyperostoses. Genetic analysis classically shows mutation on TGFβ1 gene. CASE REPORT A young woman was hospitalized with intense pain in lower limbs, associated to radiographic hyperostosis and sclerosis of the long bones. RESULTS Mutation on LRP6 has recently been associated to high bone mass. In this case report, a rare missense variant on LRP6 gene was associated to radiographic features of Camurati-Engelmann. CONCLUSIONS More studies should be conducted to assess the pathological role of this variant in Camurati-Engelmann-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eva Pickering
- Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France.
| | - Aicha Ltaief-Boudrigua
- Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France
| | - Elodie Feurer
- Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France; Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, cedex 03, France
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Hartley A, Hardcastle SA, Frysz M, Parkinson J, Paternoster L, McCloskey E, Poole KES, Javaid MK, Aye M, Moss K, Williams M, Tobias JH, Gregson CL. Increased development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in individuals with high bone mass: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:4. [PMID: 33407835 PMCID: PMC7788917 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with high bone mass (HBM) have a greater odds of prevalent radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA), reflecting an association with bone-forming OA sub-phenotypes (e.g. osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis). As the role of bone mineral density (BMD) in hip OA progression is unclear, we aimed to determine if individuals with HBM have increased incidence and/or progression of bone-forming OA sub-phenotypes. METHODS We analysed an adult cohort with and without HBM (L1 and/or total hip BMD Z-score > + 3.2) with pelvic radiographs collected at baseline and 8-year follow-up. Sub-phenotypes were graded using the OARSI atlas. Superior/inferior acetabular/femoral osteophyte and medial/superior joint space narrowing (JSN) grades were summed and Δosteophyte and ΔJSN derived. Pain and functional limitations were quantified using the WOMAC questionnaire. Associations between HBM status and change in OA sub-phenotypes were determined using multivariable linear/logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, height, total body fat mass, follow-up time and baseline sub-phenotype grade. Generalised estimating equations accounted for individual-level clustering. RESULTS Of 136 individuals, 62% had HBM at baseline, 72% were female and mean (SD) age was 59 (10) years. HBM was positively associated with both Δosteophytes and ΔJSN (adjusted mean grade differences between individuals with and without HBM βosteophyte = 0.30 [0.01, 0.58], p = 0.019 and βJSN = 0.10 [0.01, 0.18], p = 0.019). Incident subchondral sclerosis was rare. HBM individuals had higher WOMAC hip functional limitation scores (β = 8.3 [0.7, 15.98], p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS HBM is associated with the worsening of hip osteophytes and JSN over an average of 8 years, as well as increased hip pain and functional limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Hartley
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Sarah A Hardcastle
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Monika Frysz
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Parkinson
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre For Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kenneth E S Poole
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mo Aye
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Katie Moss
- Centre for Rheumatology, St George's Hospital, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin Williams
- Department of Radiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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28
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Kaliya-Perumal AK, Carney TJ, Ingham PW. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: current concepts from bench to bedside. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/9/dmm046441. [PMID: 32988985 PMCID: PMC7522019 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a disorder characterised by the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue. Acquired HO typically occurs in response to trauma and is relatively common, yet its aetiology remains poorly understood. Genetic forms, by contrast, are very rare, but provide insights into the mechanisms of HO pathobiology. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is the most debilitating form of HO. All patients reported to date carry heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding activin A receptor type I (ACVR1). These mutations cause dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, leading to HO at extraskeletal sites including, but not limited to, muscles, ligaments, tendons and fascia. Ever since the identification of the causative gene, developing a cure for FOP has been a focus of investigation, and studies have decoded the pathophysiology at the molecular and cellular levels, and explored novel management strategies. Based on the established role of BMP signalling throughout HO in FOP, therapeutic modalities that target multiple levels of the signalling cascade have been designed, and some drugs have entered clinical trials, holding out hope of a cure. A potential role of other signalling pathways that could influence the dysregulated BMP signalling and present alternative therapeutic targets remains a matter of debate. Here, we review the recent FOP literature, including pathophysiology, clinical aspects, animal models and current management strategies. We also consider how this research can inform our understanding of other types of HO and highlight some of the remaining knowledge gaps. Summary: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare disease characterised by progressive heterotopic bone formation. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the recent literature on this debilitating condition and discuss approaches to solving this clinical puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Tom J Carney
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore
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29
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Valenti MT, Marchetto G, Mottes M, Dalle Carbonare L. Zebrafish: A Suitable Tool for the Study of Cell Signaling in Bone. Cells 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 32824602 PMCID: PMC7465296 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies using the zebrafish model organism have been performed. Zebrafish, providing genetic mutants and reporter transgenic lines, enable a great number of studies aiming at the investigation of signaling pathways involved in the osteoarticular system and at the identification of therapeutic tools for bone diseases. In this review, we will discuss studies which demonstrate that many signaling pathways are highly conserved between mammals and teleost and that genes involved in mammalian bone differentiation have orthologs in zebrafish. We will also discuss as human diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Gaucher disease can be investigated in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Giulia Marchetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
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30
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Abstract
The phenotypic trait of high bone mass (HBM) is an excellent example of the nexus between common and rare disease genetics. HBM may arise from carriage of many 'high bone mineral density [BMD]'-associated alleles, and certainly the genetic architecture of individuals with HBM is enriched with high BMD variants identified through genome-wide association studies of BMD. HBM may also arise as a monogenic skeletal disorder, due to abnormalities in bone formation, bone resorption, and/or bone turnover. Individuals with monogenic disorders of HBM usually, though not invariably, have other skeletal abnormalities (such as mandible enlargement) and thus are best regarded as having a skeletal dysplasia rather than just isolated high BMD. A binary etiological division of HBM into polygenic vs. monogenic, however, would be excessively simplistic: the phenotype of individuals carrying rare variants of large effect can still be modified by their common variant polygenic background, and by the environment. HBM disorders-whether predominantly polygenic or monogenic in origin-are not only interesting clinically and genetically: they provide insights into bone processes that can be exploited therapeutically, with benefits both for individuals with these rare bone disorders and importantly for the many people affected by the commonest bone disease worldwide-i.e., osteoporosis. In this review we detail the genetic architecture of HBM; we provide a conceptual framework for considering HBM in the clinical context; and we discuss monogenic and polygenic causes of HBM with particular emphasis on anabolic causes of HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Celia L. Gregson, ; Emma L. Duncan,
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Celia L. Gregson, ; Emma L. Duncan,
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Brommage R, Ohlsson C. High Fidelity of Mouse Models Mimicking Human Genetic Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:934. [PMID: 32117046 PMCID: PMC7010808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 2019 International Skeletal Dysplasia Society nosology update lists 441 genes for which mutations result in rare human skeletal disorders. These genes code for enzymes (33%), scaffolding proteins (18%), signal transduction proteins (16%), transcription factors (14%), cilia proteins (8%), extracellular matrix proteins (5%), and membrane transporters (4%). Skeletal disorders include aggrecanopathies, channelopathies, ciliopathies, cohesinopathies, laminopathies, linkeropathies, lysosomal storage diseases, protein-folding and RNA splicing defects, and ribosomopathies. With the goal of evaluating the ability of mouse models to mimic these human genetic skeletal disorders, a PubMed literature search identified 260 genes for which mutant mice were examined for skeletal phenotypes. These mouse models included spontaneous and ENU-induced mutants, global and conditional gene knockouts, and transgenic mice with gene over-expression or specific base-pair substitutions. The human X-linked gene ARSE and small nuclear RNA U4ATAC, a component of the minor spliceosome, do not have mouse homologs. Mouse skeletal phenotypes mimicking human skeletal disorders were observed in 249 of the 260 genes (96%) for which comparisons are possible. A supplemental table in spreadsheet format provides PubMed weblinks to representative publications of mutant mouse skeletal phenotypes. Mutations in 11 mouse genes (Ccn6, Cyp2r1, Flna, Galns, Gna13, Lemd3, Manba, Mnx1, Nsd1, Plod1, Smarcal1) do not result in similar skeletal phenotypes observed with mutations of the homologous human genes. These discrepancies can result from failure of mouse models to mimic the exact human gene mutations. There are no obvious commonalities among these 11 genes. Body BMD and/or radiologic dysmorphology phenotypes were successfully identified for 28 genes by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). Forward genetics using ENU mouse mutagenesis successfully identified 37 nosology gene phenotypes. Since many human genetic disorders involve hypomorphic, gain-of-function, dominant-negative and intronic mutations, future studies will undoubtedly utilize CRISPR/Cas9 technology to examine transgenic mice having genes modified to exactly mimic variant human sequences. Mutant mice will increasingly be employed for drug development studies designed to treat human genetic skeletal disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Great progress is being made identifying mutant genes responsible for human rare genetic skeletal disorders and mouse models for genes affecting bone mass, architecture, mineralization and strength. This review organizes data for 441 human genetic bone disorders with regard to heredity, gene function, molecular pathways, and fidelity of relevant mouse models to mimic the human skeletal disorders. PubMed weblinks to citations of 249 successful mouse models are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Robert Brommage
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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