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Seong H, Resnick B, Holmes S, Galik E, Breman RB, Fortinsky RH, Zhu S. Exploring Factors Associated With Resilience and Physical Activity in Older Men and Women Post-Hip Fracture. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:627-637. [PMID: 38105620 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231221640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test a model of factors associated with resilience and physical activity post-hip fracture and compare model fit between men and women. We used data from the seventh Baltimore Hip Study that included 339 participants. Model testing indicated that health status (men: β = .237, p = .002; women: β = .265, p = <.001), depression (men: β = -.245, p = .001; women: β = -.241, p = <.001), and optimism (men: β = .320, p = <.001; women: β = .282, p = <.001) were associated with resilience in men and women, but resilience was only associated with physical activity in men (β = .203, p = .038) and not in women. Social interaction was related to physical activity only among women (β = .206, p = .044). This study provides support for the relationship between resilience and physical activity at least among men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shijun Zhu
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Hou X, Tian F. Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1006527. [PMID: 36992874 PMCID: PMC10040558 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip fracture is the most devastating type of osteoporosis-related fracture, and is a major worldwide public health problem with a high socioeconomic burden, morbidity rate, and mortality rate. Thus, it is crucial to uncover the risk factors and protective factors to create a hip fracture prevention strategy. In addition to a briefly review of some well accepted risk and protective factors of hip fracture, this review mainly summarized the recent advances in the identification of emerging risk or protective factors for hip fracture, in terms of regional differences in medical services, diseases, drugs, mechanical load, neuromuscular mass, genes, blood types, cultural differences. This review provides a comprehensive review of the associated factors and effective prevention measures for hip fracture, and discusses issues that need further investigation. These issues include the determination of the influencing mechanism of risk factors triggering hip fracture and their interlinked correlation with other factors, as well as the confirmation or correction of emerging factors associated with hip fracture, particularly those that are still controversial. These recent findings will aid in optimizing the strategy for preventing hip fracture.
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Lorentzon M, Abrahamsen B. Osteoporosis epidemiology using international cohorts. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2022; 34:280-288. [PMID: 35758867 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the most important new cohort studies within osteoporosis and their bearing on clinical management and directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS We identified a collection of new observational cohort studies - including new reports from already established large cohorts - and intervention studies providing new insights into osteoporosis pathophysiology, risk finding, intervention, and treatment barriers. SUMMARY Recent cohort studies in osteoporosis highlight the importance of timely identification and treatment of people who are at high risk of suffering osteoporotic fractures. Physical performance is a strong indicator of fracture risk and one that is tightly linked to a number of chronic conditions, not least inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in case finding may involve opportunistic screening for low bone mineral density and vertebral fractures of radiology images obtained for other purposes, polygenic risk scores, and routinely collected medication and comorbidity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Lorentzon
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Holbæk Hospital, Department of Medicine, Holbæk, Denmark
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wherry SJ, Swanson CM, Kohrt WM. Acute catabolic bone metabolism response to exercise in young and older adults: A narrative review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 157:111633. [PMID: 34826573 PMCID: PMC10103539 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is recommended for cardiometabolic benefits and to preserve or improve bone health, especially for older adults at increased risk of fracture. However, exercise interventions have modest benefits on areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and exercise can lead to bone loss in young athletes under certain conditions. In this narrative review, we discuss evidence for a disruption in calcium homeostasis during exercise that may diminish the skeletal benefits of exercise. Topics include 1) a general overview of the effects of exercise on aBMD; 2) discussion of the exercise-induced disruption in calcium homeostasis; 3) factors that influence the magnitude of the exercise-induced disruption in calcium homeostasis, including age, sex, and exercise mode, intensity, and duration; 4) oral calcium supplementation to minimize the exercise-induced disruption in calcium homeostasis; and 5) potential for exercise-induced increase in parathyroid hormone to be both catabolic and anabolic to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Wherry
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America.
| | - Christine M Swanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America; VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Alvarez-Bueno C, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Torres-Costoso A, Nuñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effectiveness of Pilates and Yoga to improve bone density in adult women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251391. [PMID: 33961670 PMCID: PMC8104420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing population brings about the appearance of age-related health disorders, such as osteoporosis or osteopenia. These disorders are associated with fragility fractures. The impact is greater among postmenopausal women due to an acceleration of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. OBJECTIVE To estimate the effectiveness of Pilates or Yoga on BMD in adult women. METHODS Five electronics databases were searched up to April 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and pre-post studies were included. The main outcome was BMD. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effects model was used to pool data from primary studies. Subgroup analyses based on the type of exercise were conducted. RESULTS Eleven studies including 591 participants aged between 45 and 78 years were included. The mean length of the interventions ranged from 12 to 32 weeks, and two studies were performed for a period of at least one year. The pooled effect size for the effect of the intervention (Pilates/Yoga) vs the control group was 0.07 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.19; I2 = 0.0%), and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18; I2 = 18.4%) for the secondary analysis of the pre-post intervention. CONCLUSIONS Despite of the non-significant results, the BMD maintenance in the postmenopausal population, when BMD detrimental is expected, could be understood as a positive result added to the beneficial impact of Pilates-Yoga in multiple fracture risk factors, including but not limited to, strength and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Movi-Fitness S.L, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Escuela de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Kang DW, Wang SM, Um YH, Na HR, Kim NY, Han K, Lee CU, Lim HK. Differential Risk of Incident Fractures Depending on Intensity and Frequency of Physical Activity According to Cognitive Status: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:572466. [PMID: 33364244 PMCID: PMC7753209 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.572466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of fractures in subjects with various degrees of cognitive impairments. Recently, there has been growing recognition of the vital effect of physical activity (PA) on delay and prevention of fractures in older adults. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal intensity and frequency of PA needed to prevent fractures in cognitively preserved older adults (CP), participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and dementia patients using a large-scale nationwide cohort study. Methods: Data from a nationwide health screening program for individuals at the transitional age of 66 years were used in this study. A total of 968,240 subjects was enrolled, followed from 2007 to 2014, and classified as CP (n = 759,874), SCD (n = 195,365), or dementia group (n = 13,001). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by demographic and known risk factors for fractures were evaluated to identify the impact of various frequency and intensity PA on the occurrence of hip, vertebral, and limb fractures. Results: In CP participants, the most noticeable reduction of hip and vertebral fracture risk was shown in those performing vigorous-intensity PA at least three times per week. In the SCD group, the risk decrement in hip and vertebral fractures was most prominent in subjects who performed multiple-intensity PAs at least three times a week regardless of intensity. In the dementia group, only high-frequency walking and high-frequency & multiple-intensity PA decreased the risk of hip fractures compared with absence of PA. Conclusion: These findings suggest a role for various PA intensity and frequency levels to prevent hip and vertebral fractures according to cognitive status. Further study is needed to validate the effects of PA intensity and frequency proposed in this study on fractures according to cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ran Na
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nak-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Rees M, Angioli R, Coleman RL, Glasspool RM, Plotti F, Simoncini T, Terranova C. European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) and International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS) position statement on managing the menopause after gynecological cancer: focus on menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:428-433. [PMID: 32046979 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, it is estimated that about 1.3 million new gynecological cancer cases are diagnosed each year. For 2018, the predicted annual totals were cervix uteri 569 847, corpus uteri 382 069, ovary 295 414, vulva 44 235, and vagina 17 600. Treatments include hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. These can result in loss of ovarian function and, in women under the age of 45 years, early menopause. The aim of this position statement is to set out an individualized approach to the management, with or without menopausal hormone therapy, of menopausal symptoms and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women with gynecological cancer. Our methods comprised a literature review and consensus of expert opinion. The limited data suggest that women with low-grade, early-stage endometrial cancer may consider systemic or topical estrogens. However, menopausal hormone therapy may stimulate tumor growth in patients with more advanced disease, and non-hormonal approaches are recommended. Uterine sarcomas may be hormone dependent, and therefore estrogen and progesterone receptor testing should be undertaken to guide decisions as to whether menopausal hormone therapy or non-hormonal strategies should be used. The limited evidence available suggests that menopausal hormone therapy, either systemic or topical, does not appear to be associated with harm and does not decrease overall or disease-free survival in women with non-serous epithelial ovarian cancer and germ cell tumors. Caution is required with both systemic and topical menopausal hormone therapy in women with serous and granulosa cell tumors because of their hormone dependence, and non-hormonal options are recommended as initial therapy. There is no evidence to contraindicate the use of systemic or topical menopausal hormone therapy by women with cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer, as these tumors are not considered to be hormone dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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