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Gao Y, Zheng K, Kang M, Xu J, Ning Y, Hu W, Li K, Kang Y, Xu C. Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line (SCCOHT-CH-1) and PDX models derived from Chinese patients of small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2214-2227. [PMID: 37535222 PMCID: PMC10587334 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that poses a significant clinical challenge due to its grim prognosis. Unfortunately, only three SCCOHT cell lines are currently available for scientific research. In this study, we have successfully established a novel SCCOHT cell line from a recurrent lesion of a SCCOHT patient, named SCCOHT-CH-1. We comprehensively characterized the novel cell line by employing techniques such as morphological observation, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, clone formation assay, short tandem repeat sequence (STR) analysis, karyotype analysis, immunohistochemical staining, western blot assay, and xenograft tumor formation assay. SCCOHT-CH-1 cells were small circular and had a unique STR profile. The population-doubling time of SCCOHT-CH-1 was 33.02 h. The cell line showed potential migratory and invasive ability. Compared with another SCCOHT cell line COV434, SCCOHT-CH-1 exhibited higher expression of AKT, VIM, and CCND1. At the same time, SCCOHT-CH-1 has the ability of tumorigenesis in vivo. We also successfully constructed three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCCOHT, which were pathologically diagnosed to be consistent with the primary tumor, accompanied by loss of SAMRCA4 protein expression. The establishment of SCCOHT-CH-1 cell line and PDX models from Chinese people represent a pivotal step toward unraveling the molecular mechanism of SCCOHT and fostering the development of targeted interventions to tackle this challenging malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kewei Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingyi Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ke Li
- Cancer Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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2
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Karnezis AN, Chen SY, Chow C, Yang W, Hendricks WPD, Ramos P, Briones N, Mes-Masson AM, Bosse T, Gilks CB, Trent JM, Weissman B, Huntsman DG, Wang Y. Re-assigning the histologic identities of COV434 and TOV-112D ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 160:568-578. [PMID: 33328126 PMCID: PMC10039450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of effective cancer treatments depends on the availability of cell lines that faithfully recapitulate the cancer in question. This study definitively re-assigns the histologic identities of two ovarian cancer cell lines, COV434 (originally described as a granulosa cell tumour) and TOV-112D (originally described as grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma), both of which were recently suggested to represent small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), based on their shared gene expression profiles and sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitors. METHODS For COV434 and TOV-112D, we re-reviewed the original pathology slides and obtained clinical follow-up on the patients, when available, and performed immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and additional diagnostic markers on the original formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical material, when available. For COV434, we further performed whole exome sequencing and validated SMARCA4 mutations by Sanger sequencing. We studied the growth of the cell lines at baseline and upon re-expression of SMARCA4 in vitro for both cell lines and evaluated the serum calcium levels in vivo upon injection into immunodeficient mice for COV434 cells. RESULTS The available morphological, immunohistochemical, genetic, and clinical features indicate COV434 is derived from SCCOHT, and TOV-112D is a dedifferentiated carcinoma. Transplantation of COV434 into mice leads to increased serum calcium level. Re-expression of SMARCA4 in either COV434 and TOV-112D cells suppressed their growth dramatically. CONCLUSIONS COV434 represents a bona fide SCCOHT cell line. TOV-112D is a dedifferentiated ovarian carcinoma cell line.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Cell Dedifferentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/pathology
- DNA Helicases/analysis
- DNA Helicases/deficiency
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Mice
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shary Yuting Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Winnie Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William P D Hendricks
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Natalia Briones
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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The ATPase module of mammalian SWI/SNF family complexes mediates subcomplex identity and catalytic activity-independent genomic targeting. Nat Genet 2019; 51:618-626. [PMID: 30858614 PMCID: PMC6755913 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations to mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes have been widely implicated as driving events in cancer1. One such perturbation is the dual loss of the SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 ATPase subunits in small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT)2–5, SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas6 and dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas7. However, the consequences of dual ATPase subunit loss on mSWI/SNF complex subunit composition, chromatin targeting, DNA accessibility and gene expression remain unknown. Here we identify an ATPase module of subunits that is required for functional specification of BAF and PBAF subcomplexes. Using SMARCA4/2 ATPase mutant variants, we define the catalytic activity -dependent and -independent contributions of the ATPase module to the targeting of BAF and PBAF complexes on chromatin genome-wide. Finally, by linking distinct mSWI/SNF complex target sites to tumor-suppressive gene expression programs, we clarify the transcriptional consequences of SMARCA4/2 dual loss in SCCOHT.
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Xue Y, Meehan B, Macdonald E, Venneti S, Wang XQD, Witkowski L, Jelinic P, Kong T, Martinez D, Morin G, Firlit M, Abedini A, Johnson RM, Cencic R, Patibandla J, Chen H, Papadakis AI, Auguste A, de Rink I, Kerkhoven RM, Bertos N, Gotlieb WH, Clarke BA, Leary A, Witcher M, Guiot MC, Pelletier J, Dostie J, Park M, Judkins AR, Hass R, Levine DA, Rak J, Vanderhyden B, Foulkes WD, Huang S. CDK4/6 inhibitors target SMARCA4-determined cyclin D1 deficiency in hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma of the ovary. Nat Commun 2019; 10:558. [PMID: 30718512 PMCID: PMC6361890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in SMARCA4 (BRG1), a key SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling gene, underlie small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT). To reveal its druggable vulnerabilities, we perform kinase-focused RNAi screens and uncover that SMARCA4-deficient SCCOHT cells are highly sensitive to the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6). SMARCA4 loss causes profound downregulation of cyclin D1, which limits CDK4/6 kinase activity in SCCOHT cells and leads to in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to CDK4/6 inhibitors. SCCOHT patient tumors are deficient in cyclin D1 yet retain the retinoblastoma-proficient/p16INK4a-deficient profile associated with positive responses to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Thus, our findings indicate that CDK4/6 inhibitors, approved for a breast cancer subtype addicted to CDK4/6 activation, could be repurposed to treat SCCOHT. Moreover, our study suggests a novel paradigm whereby critically low oncogene levels, caused by loss of a driver tumor suppressor, may also be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Brian Meehan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Macdonald
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0605, USA
| | - Xue Qing D Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3JI, Canada
| | - Petar Jelinic
- Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tim Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Geneviève Morin
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michelle Firlit
- Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Regina Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jay Patibandla
- Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sat University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andreas I Papadakis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Aurelie Auguste
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, INSERM U981, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Iris de Rink
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M Kerkhoven
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Blaise A Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, INSERM U981, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Michael Witcher
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Hospital/Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Josée Dostie
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3JI, Canada.
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Otte A, Yang Y, von der Ohe J, Melzer C, Hillemanns P, Feuerhake F, Hass R. SCCOHT tumors acquire chemoresistance and protection by interacting mesenchymal stroma/stem cells within the tumor microenvironment. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2453-2463. [PMID: 27748897 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug testing of SCCOHT-1 and BIN-67 tumor cells revealed synergistic growth-inhibition of >95% in vitro with a combination of foretinib and FK228. Application of this drug combination in vivo in NODscid mice-induced SCCOHT-1GFP tumors was associated with ~6-fold reduction in tumor mass within 10 days, whereby synergistic effects of the two compounds remained undetectable compared to previous results with foretinib treatment alone. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a reduced vascularization and a lower amount of proliferating cells in the treated tumors. Surprisingly, a simultaneous significant accumulation of extracellular matrix structures with positive elastin-van Gieson staining was observed following foretinib/FK228 exposure. Expression analysis of treated animal tumors exhibited various changes including increased mouse transcript levels of elastin, laminin, and fibronectin. In parallel, markers for mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC) including CD73 and CD90 were detectable in all mouse tumors suggesting a possible involvement of these cells in extracellular matrix restructure. Indeed, incubation of MSC with FK228 or foretinib/FK228 demonstrated morphologic alterations and enhanced expression of laminin and fibronectin. Moreover, a co-culture of MSC with lentiviral-labeled SCCOHT-1GFP cells contributed to protection of the tumor cells against FK228-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, explant cultures of SCCOHT-1GFP-induced tumors acquired an increased resistance to FK228 and a combination of foretinib/FK228 in contrast to foretinib alone. Together, these data suggested that FK228-mediated extracellular matrix protein expression by MSC contributes to increased protection and enhanced resistance of SCCOHT tumors which could represent a more general mechanism of MSC during drug-induced alterations of a tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Otte
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Catharina Melzer
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Otte A, Rauprich F, von der Ohe J, Yang Y, Kommoss F, Feuerhake F, Hillemanns P, Hass R. c-Met inhibitors attenuate tumor growth of small cell hypercalcemic ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT) populations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31640-58. [PMID: 26436697 PMCID: PMC4741630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A cellular model (SCCOHT-1) of the aggressive small cell hypercalcemic ovarian carcinoma demonstrated constitutive chemokine and growth factor production including HGF. A simultaneous presence of c-Met in 41% SCCOHT-1 cells suggested an autocrine growth mechanism. Expression of c-Met was also observed at low levels in the corresponding BIN-67 cell line (6.5%) and at high levels in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (NIH:OVCAR-3 (84.4%) and SK-OV-3 (99.3%)). Immunohistochemistry of c-Met expression in SCCOHT tumors revealed a heterogeneous distribution between undetectable levels and 80%. Further characterization of SCCOHT-1 and BIN-67 cells by cell surface markers including CD90 and EpCAM demonstrated similar patterns with differences to the ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. HGF stimulation of SCCOHT-1 cells was associated with c-Met phosphorylation at Tyr1349 and downstream Thr202/Tyr204 phosphorylation of p44/42 MAP kinase. This HGF-induced signaling cascade was abolished by the c-Met inhibitor foretinib. Cell cycle analysis after foretinib treatment demonstrated enhanced G2 accumulation and increasing apoptosis within 72 h. Moreover, the IC50 of foretinib revealed 12.4 nM in SCCOHT-1 cells compared to 411 nM and 481 nM in NIH:OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells, respectively, suggesting potential therapeutic effects. Indeed, SCCOHT-1 and BIN-67 tumor xenografts in NODscid mice exhibited an approximately 10-fold and 5-fold reduced tumor size following systemic application of foretinib, respectively. Furthermore, foretinib-treated tumors revealed a significantly reduced vascularization and little if any c-Met-mediated signal transduction. Similar findings of reduced proliferative capacity and declined tumor size were observed after siRNA-mediated c-Met knock-down in SCCOHT-1 cells demonstrating that in vivo inhibition of these pathways contributed to an attenuation of SCCOHT tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Otte
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Finn Rauprich
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kommoss
- Synlab MVZ Pathologie Mannheim GmbH, Referral Center for Gynecopathology, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Otte A, Rauprich F, Hillemanns P, Park-Simon TW, von der Ohe J, Hass R. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic approach for a small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcaemic type using a SCCOHT-1 cellular model. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:126. [PMID: 25103190 PMCID: PMC4249738 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) which preferably affects young women during regenerative age represents a rare and aggressive form of ovarian tumors with poor prognosis and lacks an efficient therapy. Methods and results In vitro chemotherapy testing in a fluorescence assay using a recently developed cellular model from a recurrent SCCOHT revealed sensitivity for certain epothilones, methotrexate and topotecan whereas little if any cytotoxicity was observed with other chemotherapeutics including platin-based compounds. In particular, epothilone B demonstrated a high sensitivity in contrast to ixabepilone with only little detectable effects. Western blot and cell cycle analysis revealed that the epothilone B sensitivity was associated with increased Ser15 phosphorylation of p53, a significant G1 and G2 cell cycle accumulation and subsequent cell death in subG1 phase. Moreover, tubulinβ3 expression in SMARCA4/BRG1-defective SCCOHT-1 in contrast to other ovarian cancer cells was also affected during chemotherapy treatment. Increased extracellular Ca2+ levels further enhanced the epothilone B cytotoxicity in SCCOHT-1 cells. These in vitro effects were also confirmed in vivo in NOD/scid mouse xenografts demonstrating an attenuated tumor growth in epothilone B / Ca2+-treated mice. After 4d of subsequent treatment, the tumor sizes were reduced by about 90% as compared to continuously growing control tumors. In parallel, a hypercalcemia in control tumor-carrying mice was reverted to normal serum Ca2+ levels after epothilone B / Ca2+ therapy. Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrated anti-tumorigenic effects of epothilone B / Ca2+ in SCCOHT providing a focused therapeutic approach against this rare disease and arising recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical, University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, Hannover, D - 30625, Germany.
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8
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Germline and somatic SMARCA4 mutations characterize small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type. Nat Genet 2014; 46:438-43. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gamwell LF, Gambaro K, Merziotis M, Crane C, Arcand SL, Bourada V, Davis C, Squire JA, Huntsman DG, Tonin PN, Vanderhyden BC. Small cell ovarian carcinoma: genomic stability and responsiveness to therapeutics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:33. [PMID: 23433318 PMCID: PMC3635907 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biology of small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), which is a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, is poorly understood. Tumourigenicity, in vitro growth characteristics, genetic and genomic anomalies, and sensitivity to standard and novel chemotherapeutic treatments were investigated in the unique SCCOHT cell line, BIN-67, to provide further insight in the biology of this rare type of ovarian cancer. Method The tumourigenic potential of BIN-67 cells was determined and the tumours formed in a xenograft model was compared to human SCCOHT. DNA sequencing, spectral karyotyping and high density SNP array analysis was performed. The sensitivity of the BIN-67 cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents and to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and the JX-594 vaccinia virus was tested. Results BIN-67 cells were capable of forming spheroids in hanging drop cultures. When xenografted into immunodeficient mice, BIN-67 cells developed into tumours that reflected the hypercalcemia and histology of human SCCOHT, notably intense expression of WT-1 and vimentin, and lack of expression of inhibin. Somatic mutations in TP53 and the most common activating mutations in KRAS and BRAF were not found in BIN-67 cells by DNA sequencing. Spectral karyotyping revealed a largely normal diploid karyotype (in greater than 95% of cells) with a visibly shorter chromosome 20 contig. High density SNP array analysis also revealed few genomic anomalies in BIN-67 cells, which included loss of heterozygosity of an estimated 16.7 Mb interval on chromosome 20. SNP array analyses of four SCCOHT samples also indicated a low frequency of genomic anomalies in the majority of cases. Although resistant to platinum chemotherapeutic drugs, BIN-67 cell viability in vitro was reduced by >75% after infection with oncolytic viruses. Conclusions These results show that SCCOHT differs from high-grade serous carcinomas by exhibiting few chromosomal anomalies and lacking TP53 mutations. Although BIN-67 cells are resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents, their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses suggests that their therapeutic use in SCCOHT should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Gamwell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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10
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Wang X, Nakamura M, Mori I, Takeda K, Nakamura Y, Utsunomiya H, Yoshimura G, Sakurai T, Kakudo K. Calcitonin receptor gene and breast cancer: quantitative analysis with laser capture microdissection. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 83:109-17. [PMID: 14997041 DOI: 10.1023/b:brea.0000010703.59483.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence indicating that calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is involved in cell growth, differentiation and tissue development. Using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), we have investigated CTR mRNA expression in 60 primary breast cancers, including 14 pairs of matched cancers and unaffected ductal epithelia from the same patients. Our results demonstrate that CTR mRNA was constantly expressed in normal ductal epithelium and in breast cancer. In the 14 cases where matched samples were available, a decrease in CTR mRNA expression was found in 9 breast cancers (64.3%), an increased CTR expression in 2 cases (14.3%) and no significant change in 3 cases (21.4%). In 60 cases of primary breast cancers, decreased CTR expression was found in 44 (73.3%), increased CTR expression was detected in 10 cases (16.7%) and no change was observed in 6 cases (10%). Decreased CTR expression was found more often in cases with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0498) and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.0179). Also there was a decreased CTR expression in cases with an extensive intraductal component (p = 0.0543) and a high nuclear grade (p = 0.1934), although this was not statistically significant. Overall, we conclude that CTR mRNA was constantly expressed in unaffected ductal epithelium, whereas decreased CTR mRNA expression was frequently found in breast cancers, particularly in cases with lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion. These results suggest that CTR might be of great potential significance in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
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11
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Pondel M. Calcitonin and calcitonin receptors: bone and beyond. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:405-22. [PMID: 11298188 PMCID: PMC2517743 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Accepted: 10/05/2000] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT), a 32 amino acid peptide hormone produced primarily by the thyroid, and its receptor (CTR) are well known for their ability to regulate osteoclast mediated bone resorption and enhance Ca2+ excretion by the kidney. However, recent studies now suggest that CT and CTRs may play an important role in a variety of processes as wide ranging as embryonic/foetal development and sperm function/physiology. In this review article, CT and CTR gene transcription, signal transduction and function are addressed. The effects of CT on the physiology of a variety of organ systems are discussed and the relationship between polymorphisms in the CTR gene and bone mineral density (BMD)/osteoporosis is examined. Recent studies demonstrating the ability of receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) to post-translationally modify the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) are detailed and studies employing transgenic mouse technology to determine the temporal and tissue specific transcriptional activity of the CTR gene in vivo are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pondel
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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12
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Jagger C, Gallagher A, Chambers T, Pondel M. The porcine calcitonin receptor promoter directs expression of a linked reporter gene in a tissue and developmental specific manner in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 1999; 140:492-9. [PMID: 9886862 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.1.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the porcine calcitonin (CT) receptor (pCTR) promoter in transgenic mice. A construct containing 2.1 kb pCTR 5' flanking region, fused to a beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene, was employed for the production of transgenic mice. At 11.5 days of development lacZ expression was observed in the embryonic brain and spinal cord. By 15.5 days post fertilization, lacZ expression was detected in the developing mammary gland, external ear, cartilage primordium of the humerus, and anterior naris (nostril). RT-PCR on RNA from these fetal tissues showed endogenous mouse CTR (mCTR) expression. In neonatal and adult transgenics, lacZ expression was silenced, except in brain, spinal cord, and testis (adults only). Endogenous mCTR gene expression and pCTR promoter activity were corepressed in the same tissues from adult mice. No pCTR promoter activity was detected in the kidney or bone of transgenic animals. This suggests that additional DNA sequences may be required for pCTR promoter activity in these tissues. From these results, we conclude that the pCTR promoter is active only in tissues expressing endogenous mCTR. Many of the these tissues represent previously unknown sites of CTR gene expression. Finally, the developmental regulation of pCTR/mCTR in tissues such as breast and cartilage primordium suggests that CTRs may play a role in the morphogenesis of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jagger
- Department of Histopathology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Brown EM, Segre GV, Goldring SR. Serpentine receptors for parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and extracellular calcium ions. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1996; 10:123-61. [PMID: 8734454 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-351x(96)80346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The cloning of the receptors for PTH, CT and extracellular calcium ions represents a significant advance in the elucidation of the mechanisms through which extracellular calcium ions are regulated. All are members of the superfamily of GPCR, and the inclusion of the Ca2+o-sensing receptor in this superfamily documents that extracellular calcium ions can serve as an extracellular first messenger, in addition to subserving their better known role as a key intracellular second messenger. Furthermore, it has proved possible to identify several human diseases that result from inactivating or activating mutations in the PTH or Ca2+o-sensing receptor. Finally, the availability of these cloned receptors will enable many more studies on structure-function relationships for these receptors as well as clarifying their tissue distribution, regulation and roles in health and disease. It may also be possible to design novel therapeutic agents that permit manipulation of the receptors when their function is abnormal.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Mutation
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
- Receptors, Calcitonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Calcitonin/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin/physiology
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone/chemistry
- Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone/physiology
- Second Messenger Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Brown
- Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gorn AH, Lin HY, Yamin M, Auron PE, Flannery MR, Tapp DR, Manning CA, Lodish HF, Krane SM, Goldring SR. Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human calcitonin receptor from an ovarian carcinoma cell line. J Clin Invest 1992; 90:1726-35. [PMID: 1331173 PMCID: PMC443230 DOI: 10.1172/jci116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A human ovarian small cell carcinoma line (BIN-67) expresses abundant calcitonin (CT) receptors (CTR) (143,000 per cell) that are coupled, to adenylate cyclase. The dissociation constants (Kd) for the CTRs on these BIN-67 cells is approximately 0.42 nM for salmon CT and approximately 4.6 nM for human CT. To clone a human CTR (hCTR), a BIN-67 cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe from a porcine renal CTR (pCTR) that we recently cloned. One positive clone of 3,588 bp was identified. Transfection of this cDNA into COS cells resulted in expression of receptors with high affinity for salmon CT (Kd = approximately 0.44 nM) and for human CT (Kd = approximately 5.4 nM). The expressed hCTR was coupled to adenylate cyclase. Northern analysis with the hCTR cDNA probe indicated a single transcript of approximately 4.2 kb. The cloned cDNA encodes a putative peptide of 490 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. The amino acid sequence of the hCTR is 73% identical to the pCTR, although the hCTR contains an insert of 16 amino acids between transmembrane domain I and II. The structural differences may account for observed differences in binding affinity between the porcine renal and human ovarian CTRs. The CTRs are closely related to the receptors for parathyroid hormone-parathyroid hormone-related peptide and secretin; these receptors comprise a distinct family of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors. Interestingly, the hCTR sequence is remotely related to the cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum (21% identical), but is not significantly related to other G protein-coupled receptor sequences now in the data bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gorn
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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Young RH, Clement PB. An appreciation of Robert E. Scully, MD, and an introduction to a symposium in his honor on recent advances in gynecologic pathology. Hum Pathol 1991; 22:737-46. [PMID: 1869259 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Young
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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Farley JR, Hall SL, Tarbaux NM. Calcitonin (but not calcitonin gene-related peptide) increases mouse bone cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and increases mouse bone formation, alone and in combination with fluoride. Calcif Tissue Int 1989; 45:214-21. [PMID: 2509008 DOI: 10.1007/bf02556040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have shown that salmon calcitonin had direct effects to increase parameters associated with embryonic chicken bone formation and to increase mouse and chicken osteoblast-line cell proliferation. The current studies demonstrate increased cell proliferation (i.e., [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA and tetrazolium salt reduction/deposition) in the osteoblastic murine cell line MC-3T3-E1 in response to salmon calcitonin (P less than 0.005) and to human calcitonin (P less than 0.005), but not to human calcitonin gene-related peptide. The current studies also show that salmon calcitonin increased several indices of murine bone formation. We found that 72 hours of exposure to salmon calcitonin [at 5 mU/ml-about 0.37 nM; mU/ml = milliunits of calcitonin activity/ml incubation medium (at 4,000 U/mg protein)] increased net 45Ca deposition (121% of control, P less than 0.05), net [3H]-proline incorporation 149% of control, P less than 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase activity (146% of control, P less than 0.01), in neonatal mouse half-calvaria. The calcitonin-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was not affected by co-incubation with 1 nM parathyroid hormone. Co-incubation with fluoride (which also increased net [3H]-proline incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity in neonatal mouse half-calvaria, P less than 0.05, for each) enhanced the osteogenic response to low-dose calcitonin, (i.e., co-incubation with fluoride shifted the biphasic calcitonin dose-response curve to a range of lower calcitonin concentrations). The calcitonin-fluoride combinations had proportional effects on net [3H]-proline incorporation and alkaline phosphatase in the treated mouse calvaria (r = 0.78, P less than 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Farley
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California
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