1
|
Zhang J, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Yang K, Zhao Y, Zhou Q, Yang Z, Yang R, Ning R, Liu T, Deng L, Xi X, Xu X, Jiang M. Phillygenin prevents osteoclast differentiation and bone loss by targeting RhoA. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1863-1881. [PMID: 38358766 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa tea is a popular traditional Chinese medicine decoction for its healthy and therapeutic benefits. However, its effects in bone metabolism were not clear. In recent study, we uncovered anti-osteoclastogenesis property of Phillygenin (Phi), a compound abundant in Forsythia suspensa leaves, and aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Phi on bone metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Lipopolysaccharides-induced murine calvaria osteolysis and ovariectomy-induced bone loss animal models were used to identify the bone-protective effect of Phi in vivo and micro-CT, pQCT, and TRAP staining were applied. We used CCK8, TUNEL, BrdU, and TRAP staining to evaluate the efficacy of Phi on the proliferation and formation of OCs in primary mBMMs. RNA sequence, activity-based protein profiling, molecular docking, G-LISA, and WB were used to inspect the target and underlying mechanism of Phi's actions in mBMMs. We found Phi significantly inhibited bone resorption in vivo and inhibited mBMMs osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) was identified as the direct target of Phi. It counteracted the effects of RhoA activator and acted as a RhoA inhibitor. By targeting RhoA, Phi modulated Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) activity and regulated its downstream NF-κB/NFATc1/c-fos pathway. Furthermore, Phi depressed the disassembling of F-actin ring through cofilin and myosin1a. Our findings provided Phi as a potential option for treating bone loss diseases by targeting RhoA and highlighted the importance of F. suspensa as a preventive approach in bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Gars Santoni B, Niggli L, Dolder S, Loeffel O, Sblendorio GA, Maazouz Y, Alexander DTL, Heuberger R, Stähli C, Döbelin N, Bowen P, Hofstetter W, Bohner M. Influence of the sintering atmosphere on the physico-chemical properties and the osteoclastic resorption of β-tricalcium phosphate cylinders. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:566-578. [PMID: 37595772 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely used materials for bone graft substitution is β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; β-Ca3(PO4)2). β-TCP is typically produced by sintering in air or vacuum. During this process, evaporation of phosphorus (P) species occurs, leading to the formation of a calcium-rich alkaline layer. It was recently shown that the evaporation of P species could be prevented by co-sintering β-TCP with dicalcium phosphate (DCPA; CaHPO4; mineral name: monetite). The aim of this study was to see how a change of sintering atmosphere could affect the physico-chemical and biological properties of β-TCP. For this purpose, three experimental groups were considered: β-TCP cylinders sintered in air and subsequently polished to remove the surface layer (control group); the same polished cylinders after subsequent annealing at 500 °C in air to generate a calcium-rich alkaline layer (annealed group); and finally, β-TCP cylinders sintered in a monetite-rich atmosphere and subsequently polished (monetite group). XPS analysis confirmed that cylinders from the annealed group had a significantly higher Ca/P molar ratio at their surface than that of the control group while this ratio was significantly lower for the cylinders from the monetite group. Sintering β-TCP in the monetite-rich atmosphere significantly reduced the grain size and increased the density. Changes of surface composition affected the activity of osteoclasts seeded onto the surfaces, since annealed β-TCP cylinders were significantly less resorbed than β-TCP cylinders sintered in the monetite-rich atmosphere. This suggests that an increase of the surface Ca/P molar ratio leads to a decrease of osteoclastic resorption. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Minimal changes of surface and bulk (< 1%) composition have major effects on the ability of osteoclasts to resorb β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), one of the most widely used ceramics for bone substitution. The results presented in this study are thus important for the calcium phosphate community because (i) β-TCP may have up to 5% impurities according to ISO and ASTM standards and still be considered to be "pure β-TCP", (ii) β-TCP surface properties are generally not considered during biocompatibility assessment and (iii) a rationale can be proposed to explain the various inconsistencies reported in the literature on the biological properties of β-TCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Le Gars Santoni
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luzia Niggli
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dolder
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Loeffel
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle A Sblendorio
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Construction Materials, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Physics, Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yassine Maazouz
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Physics, Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman Heuberger
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stähli
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Döbelin
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Paul Bowen
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Construction Materials, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bohner
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu G, Chen W, Tang CY, McVicar A, Edwards D, Wang J, McConnell M, Yang S, Li Y, Chang Z, Li YP. Knockout and Double Knockout of Cathepsin K and Mmp9 reveals a novel function of Cathepsin K as a regulator of osteoclast gene expression and bone homeostasis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5522-5538. [PMID: 36147479 PMCID: PMC9461675 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins play a role in regulation of cell function through their presence in the cell nucleus. However, the role of Cathepsin K (Ctsk) as an epigenetic regulator in osteoclasts remains unknown. Our data demonstrated that Ctsk-/-Mmp9-/- mice have a striking phenotype with a 5-fold increase in bone volume compared with WT. RNA-seq analysis of Ctsk-/- , Mmp9-/- and Ctsk-/-/Mmp9-/- osteoclasts revealed their distinct functions in gene expression regulation, including reduced Cebpa expression, increased Nfatc1 expression, and in signaling pathways activity regulation. Western blots and qPCR data validated these changes. ATAC-seq profiling of Ctsk-/- , Mmp9-/-, and Ctsk-/-/Mmp9-/- osteoclasts indicated the changes resulted from reduced chromatin openness in the promoter region of Cebpa and increased chromatin openness in Nfatc1 promoter in Ctsk-/-/Mmp9-/- osteoclasts compared to that in osteoclasts of WT, Ctsk/- and Mmp9-/- . We found co-localization of Ctsk with c-Fos and cleavage of H3K27me3 in wild-type osteoclasts. Remarkably, cleavage of H3K27me3 was blocked in osteoclasts of Ctsk-/- and Ctsk-/-/Mmp9-/- mice, suggesting that Ctsk may epigenetically regulate distinctive groups of genes' expression by regulating proteolysis of H3K27me3. Ctsk-/-/Mmp9-/- double knockout dramatically protects against ovariectomy induced bone loss. We found that Ctsk may function as an essential epigenetic regulator in modulating levels of H3K27me3 in osteoclast activation and maintaining bone homeostasis. Our study revealed complementary and unique functions of Ctsk as epigenetic regulators for maintaining osteoclast activation and bone homeostasis by orchestrating multiple signaling pathways and targeting both Ctsk and Mmp9 is a novel therapeutic approach for osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - Abigail McVicar
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Diep Edwards
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Jinwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China,✉ Corresponding author: Yi-Ping Li, E-mail: ; and Zhijie Chang,
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA,✉ Corresponding author: Yi-Ping Li, E-mail: ; and Zhijie Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Le Gars Santoni B, Niggli L, Dolder S, Loeffel O, Sblendorio G, Heuberger R, Maazouz Y, Stähli C, Döbelin N, Bowen P, Hofstetter W, Bohner M. Effect of minor amounts of β-calcium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite on the physico-chemical properties and osteoclastic resorption of β-tricalcium phosphate cylinders. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:222-235. [PMID: 34901541 PMCID: PMC8636826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP), one of the most used bone graft substitutes, may contain up to 5 wt% foreign phase according to standards. Typical foreign phases include β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). Currently, the effect of small amounts of impurities on β-TCP resorption is unknown. This is surprising since pyrophosphate is a very potent osteoclast inhibitor. The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of small β-CPP fractions (<1 wt%) on the in vitro osteoclastic resorption of β-TCP. A minor aim was to examine the effect of β-CPP and HA impurities on the physico-chemical properties of β-TCP powders and sintered cylinders. Twenty-six batches of β-TCP powder were produced with a Ca/P molar ratio varying between 1.440 and 1.550. Fifteen were further processed to obtain dense and polished β-TCP cylinders. Finally, six of them, with a Ca/P molar ratio varying between 1.496 (1 wt% β-CPP) and 1.502 (1 wt% HA), were incubated in the presence of osteoclasts. Resorption was quantified by white-light interferometry. Osteoclastic resorption was significantly inhibited by β-CPP fraction in a linear manner. The presence of 1% β-CPP reduced β-TCP resorption by 40%, which underlines the importance of controlling β-CPP content when assessing β-TCP biological performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Le Gars Santoni
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Niggli
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - S. Dolder
- University of Bern, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O. Loeffel
- RMS Foundation, Materials Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - G.A. Sblendorio
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Construction Materials Laboratory, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Heuberger
- RMS Foundation, Materials Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Y. Maazouz
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - C. Stähli
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - N. Döbelin
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - P. Bowen
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Construction Materials Laboratory, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W. Hofstetter
- University of Bern, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Bohner
- RMS Foundation, Bioceramics and Biocompatibility Group, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544, Bettlach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian H, Jiang T, Yang K, Ning R, Wang T, Zhou Q, Qian N, Huang P, Guo L, Jiang M, Xi X, Xu X, Deng L. α-Asarone Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Against Oestrogen-Deficiency Induced Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:780590. [PMID: 35370648 PMCID: PMC8971932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.780590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as low bone mineral density which features over activated osteoclasts (OCs) and bone resorption. Targeting excessive OCs activity is thought to be an effective therapeutic approach for OP treatment. α-asarone (ASA), a compound from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Acorus tatarinowii, has been widely used as a therapeutic agent against several diseases such as epilepsy, cough, bronchitis and asthma for many years. Recently, it was reported that ASA-derived lignins which were purified from Acorus tatarinowii root tissues effectively suppressed both RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Besides, a classic Chinese formulation Bajitianwan (BJTW) which consisted of root and rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott also showed positive effects on age-related bone loss. In the present study, we aimed to study the effects of ASA on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. As illustrated by TRAP staining, ASA was capable of inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, not only at an early-stage, but also in the late-stage. Besides, it also effectively suppressed bone resorption of mature OCs in a pit resorption assay. The formation of F-actin ring during osteoclastogenesis, which was important in OCs bone-resorption, was impaired as well. Subsequent mechanism experiments exposed that ASA inhibited osteoclastogenesis related genes in a time-dependent manner through AKT, p38 and NF-κB, followed by NFATc1/c-fos signaling pathway. Notably, our in vivo study uncovered that ASA was capable of improving the bone microstructure in oestrogen-deficiency induced OP models. Thus, our current work highlighted the important role of an old drug ASA in bone metabolism especially in OCs differentiation. ASA may find its potential as a lead compound to treat excessive OCs activity-induced bone loss diseases and more structure optimization is further needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niandong Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Jiang, ; Xiaobing Xi, ; Xing Xu,
| | - Xiaobing Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Jiang, ; Xiaobing Xi, ; Xing Xu,
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Jiang, ; Xiaobing Xi, ; Xing Xu,
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Human osteoclastogenesis in Epstein-Barr virus-induced erosive arthritis in humanized NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249340. [PMID: 33793647 PMCID: PMC8029598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), do not infect mice, which
is challenging for biomedical research. We have previously reported that EBV
infection induces erosive arthritis, which histologically resembles rheumatoid
arthritis, in humanized NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull
(hu-NOG) mice; however, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Osteoclast-like
multinucleated cells were observed during bone erosion in this mouse model, and
therefore, we aimed to determine whether the human or mouse immune system
activated bone erosion and analyzed the characteristics and origin of the
multinucleated cells in hu-NOG mice. Sections of the mice knee joint tissues
were immunostained with anti-human antibodies against certain osteoclast
markers, including cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).
Multinucleated cells observed during bone erosion stained positively for human
cathepsin K and MMP-9. These results indicate that human osteoclasts primarily
induce erosive arthritis during EBV infections. Human osteoclast development
from hematopoietic stem cells transplanted in hu-NOG mice remains unclear. To
confirm their differentiation potential into human osteoclasts, we cultured bone
marrow cells of EBV-infected hu-NOG mice and analyzed their characteristics.
Multinucleated cells cultured from the bone marrow cells stained positive for
human cathepsin K and human MMP-9, indicating that bone marrow cells of hu-NOG
mice could differentiate from human osteoclast progenitor cells into human
osteoclasts. These results indicate that the human immune response to EBV
infection may induce human osteoclast activation and cause erosive arthritis in
this mouse model. Moreover, this study is the first, to our knowledge, to
demonstrate human osteoclastogenesis in humanized mice. We consider that this
model is useful for studying associations of EBV infections with rheumatoid
arthritis and human bone metabolism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanji S, Sarkar R, Pramanik A, Kshirsagar S, Greene CJ, Das H. Dental pulp-derived stem cells inhibit osteoclast differentiation by secreting osteoprotegerin and deactivating AKT signalling in myeloid cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2390-2403. [PMID: 33511706 PMCID: PMC7933945 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, critically regulate bone resorption and remodelling in both homeostasis and pathology. Various immune and non‐immune cells help initiating activation of myeloid cells for differentiation, whereas hyper‐activation leads to pathogenesis, and mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Herein, we show the efficacy of dental pulp–derived stem cells (DPSCs) in limiting RAW 264.7 cell differentiation and underlying molecular mechanism, which has the potential for future therapeutic application in bone‐related disorders. We found that DPSCs inhibit induced OC differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells when co‐cultured in a contact‐free system. DPSCs reduced expression of key OC markers, such as NFATc1, cathepsin K, TRAP, RANK and MMP‐9 assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence detection methods. Furthermore, quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that DPSCs mediated M2 polarization of RAW 264.7 cells. To define molecular mechanisms, we found that osteoprotegerin (OPG), an OC inhibitory factor, was up‐regulated in RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of DPSCs. Moreover, DPSCs also constitutively secrete OPG that contributed in limiting OC differentiation. Finally, the addition of recombinant OPG inhibited OC differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner by reducing the expression of OC differentiation markers, NFATc1, cathepsin K, TRAP, RANK and MMP9 in RAW 264.7 cells. RNAKL and M‐CSF phosphorylate AKT and activate PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway during osteoclast differentiation. We further confirmed that OPG‐mediated inhibition of the downstream activation of PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway was similar to the DPSC co‐culture–mediated inhibition of OC differentiation. This study provides novel evidence of DPSC‐mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kanji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Ripon Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Asmita Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Carl J Greene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anshida VP, Kumari RA, Murthy CS, Samuel A. Extracellular matrix degradation by host matrix metalloproteinases in restorative dentistry and endodontics: An overview. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:352-360. [PMID: 33456247 PMCID: PMC7802866 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_34_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of over 25 secreted and membrane-bound enzymes responsible for pericellular substrate degeneration. In response to injury, they play key roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodeling. They have been isolated from dentin, odontoblasts, pulp and periapical tissue. They play a major role in the formation of dentin matrix and secondary and tertiary dentin. These are also responsible for releasing dentinal growth factors. MMP family proteins elicit a dual role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, stimulating protective innate and/or adaptive immune functions, as well as tissue destruction. The main organic component of tooth structure is collagen, and MMPs that degrade collagen and the extracellular matrix have been implicated in the progression of dental caries, dental erosion as well as degradation of the hybrid layer. MMPs have also been shown to be active in pulpitis, and studies have shown that they can be used as diagnostic markers of pulpal and periapical inflammation. This review describes the role of MMPs in dental caries, dental erosion, bond stability as well as in pulpal and periapical inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V P Anshida
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Anitha Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethana S Murthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Samuel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jastrzebski S, Kalinowski J, Mun S, Shin B, Adapala NS, Jacome-Galarza CE, Mirza F, Aguila HL, Drissi H, Sanjay A, Canalis E, Lee SK, Lorenzo JA. Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Deletion Causes Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis in Response to Inflammatory Signals through a Notch2-Dependent Mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:105-116. [PMID: 31109956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) was transiently induced in cultured osteoclast precursor cells. Therefore, we examined the bone phenotype and response to resorptive stimuli of PAR1-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Bones and bone marrow-derived cells from PAR1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed using microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, in vitro cultures, and RT-PCR. Osteoclastic responses to TNF-α (TNF) challenge in calvaria were analyzed with and without a specific neutralizing Ab to the Notch2-negative regulatory region (N2-NRR Ab). In vivo under homeostatic conditions, there were minimal differences in bone mass or bone cells between PAR1 KO and WT mice. However, PAR1 KO myeloid cells demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenesis in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) or the combination of RANKL and TNF. Strikingly, in vivo osteoclastogenic responses of PAR1 KO mice to TNF were markedly enhanced. We found that N2-NRR Ab reduced TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO mice to WT levels without affecting WT responses. Similarly, in vitro N2-NRR Ab reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO cells to WT levels without altering WT responses. We conclude that PAR1 functions to limit Notch2 signaling in responses to RANKL and TNF and moderates osteoclastogenic response to these cytokines. This effect appears, at least in part, to be cell autonomous because enhanced osteoclastogenesis was seen in highly purified PAR1 KO osteoclast precursor cells. It is likely that this pathway is involved in regulating the response of bone to diseases associated with inflammatory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sehwan Mun
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Bongjin Shin
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | | | - Faryal Mirza
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Joseph A Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030; .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MacLauchlan S, Zuriaga MA, Fuster JJ, Cuda CM, Jonason J, Behzadi F, Duffen JP, Haines GK, Aprahamian T, Perlman H, Walsh K. Genetic deficiency of Wnt5a diminishes disease severity in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:166. [PMID: 28724439 PMCID: PMC5518154 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to bone erosion and joint dysfunction. Despite the recent successes of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), there is still clinical need for understanding the development and molecular etiology of RA. Wnts are developmental morphogens whose roles in adult pathology are poorly characterized. Wnt5a is a member of the non-canonical family of Wnts that modulates a wide range of cell processes, including differentiation, migration, and inflammation. Wnt5a has been implicated as a possible contributor to arthritis and it is upregulated in synovial fibroblasts from RA patients. METHODS We investigated the role of endogenous Wnt5a in RA. Tamoxifen-inducible, Wnt5a knockout (Wnt5a cKO) mice and littermate controls were monitored for arthritis development and joint pathology using the K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) model. To explore a role of Wnt5a in osteoclast fusion, bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) were differentiated in vitro. RESULTS Wnt5a cKO mice were resistant to arthritis development compared to control littermates as assessed by ankle thickness and histologic measurements. Some parameters of inflammation were reduced in the Wnt5a cKO mice, including the extent of polymononuclear cell infiltration and extra-articular inflammation. Wnt5a cKO mice also exhibited less cartilage destruction and a reduction in osteoclast activity with concomitant reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 in the arthritic joints. Treatment of BMDMs with Wnt5a enhanced osteoclast fusion and increased the expression of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein (DCSTAMP) and MMP9, that are necessary for osteoclast formation and activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Wnt5a modulates the development of arthritis by promoting inflammation and osteoclast fusion, and provide the first mouse genetic evidence of a role for endogenous Wnt5a in autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan MacLauchlan
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Maria A. Zuriaga
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - José J. Fuster
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Carla M. Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M338 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jennifer Jonason
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Fernanda Behzadi
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Jennifer Parker Duffen
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - G. Kenneth Haines
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Tamar Aprahamian
- Renal Section, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St, Boston, MA USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M338 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-611, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bone Resorption, Remodeling, and Repair. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:203-303. [PMID: 28662823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major protease family responsible for the cleavage of the matrisome (global composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome) and proteins unrelated to the ECM, generating bioactive molecules. These proteins drive ECM remodeling, in association with tissue-specific and cell-anchored inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK, respectively). In the bone, the ECM mediates cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, nucleation of mineralization, and the immobilization of growth factors to protect them from damage or degradation. Since the first description of an MMP in bone tissue, many other MMPs have been identified, as well as their inhibitors. Numerous functions have been assigned to these proteins, including osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, bone formation, solubilization of the osteoid during bone resorption, osteoclast recruitment and migration, and as a coupling factor in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation. In this review, we will discuss the functions of MMPs and their inhibitors in bone cells, during bone remodeling, pathological bone resorption (osteoporosis and bone metastasis), bone repair/regeneration, and emergent roles in bone bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia B S Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction (LabMec), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (InMetro), Bioengineering Laboratory, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Dental School, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clarke SA, Martin J, Nelson J, Hornez JC, Bohner M, Dunne N, Buchanan F. Surrogate Outcome Measures of In Vitro Osteoclast Resorption of β Tricalcium Phosphate. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27930865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of porosity to calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone repair has created a new challenge when measuring bioresorption in vitro, rendering traditional outcome measures redundant. The aim of this study is to identify a surrogate endpoint for use with 3D scaffolds. Murine RAW 264.7 cells are cultured on dense discs of β-tricalcium phosphate in conditions to stimulate osteoclast (OC) formation. Multinucleated OCs are visible from day 6 with increases at days 8 and 10. Resorption pits are first observed at day 6 with much larger pits visible at days 8, 10, and 12. The concentration of calcium ions in the presence of cells is significantly higher than cell-free cultures at days 3 and 9. Using linear regression analysis, Ca ion release could account for 35.9% of any subsequent change in resorption area. The results suggest that Ca ion release is suitable to measure resorption of a beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic substrate in vitro. This model could replace the more accepted resorption pit assay in circumstances where quantification of pits is not possible, e.g., when characterizing 3D tissue engineered bone scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Medical Biology Centre; 97, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Joanne Martin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - John Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences; Queens University Belfast; MBC, 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Marc Bohner
- Skeletal Substitutes Group; RMS Foundation; Bischmattstr. 12 CH-2544 Bettlach Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - Fraser Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hikida T, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Yoshino T, Kasai K. Comparisons of orthodontic root resorption under heavy and jiggling reciprocating forces during experimental tooth movement in a rat model. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:228-41. [PMID: 27478800 PMCID: PMC4965594 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root mobility due to reciprocating movement of the tooth (jiggling) may exacerbate orthodontic root resorption (ORR). "Jiggling" describes mesiodistal or buccolingual movement of the roots of the teeth during orthodontic treatment. In the present study, buccolingual movement is described as "jiggling." We aimed to investigate the relationship between ORR and jiggling and to test for positive cell expression in odontoclasts in resorbed roots during experimental tooth movement (jiggling) in vivo. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control, heavy force (HF), optimal force (OF), and jiggling force (JF) groups. The expression levels of cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein, interleukin (IL)-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1; an IL-8-related protein in rodents), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin protein in the dental root were determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On day 21, a greater number of root resorption lacunae, which contained multinucleated odontoclasts, were observed in the palatal roots of rats in the JF group than in rats from other groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the numbers of cathepsin K-positive and MMP-9-positive odontoclasts in the JF group on day 21. Immunoreactivities for IL-6, CINC-1, and RANKL were stronger in resorbed roots exposed to jiggling than in the other groups on day 21. Negative reactivity was observed in the controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that jiggling may induce ORR via inflammatory cytokine production during orthodontic tooth movement, and that jiggling may be a risk factor for ORR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshino
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao A, Wang X, Yu H, Li N, Hou Y, Yu W. Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the expression of EphA2 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:228-34. [PMID: 26559065 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) as the major pathogenic bacterium of chronic periodontitis can cause alveolar bone resorption. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is its main virulence factor. The Eph family plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. In this study, the effects of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the expression of EphA2 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells were separately cultured in osteoblast-conditioned medium and osteoclast-conditioned medium to induce their differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 1 μg/mL of Pg-LPS 3, 7, and 14 d later, while RAW264.7 cells were treated with 10 μg/mL of Pg-LPS 1, 3, and 5 d later. The results have shown that Pg-LPS increased the expression of EphA2 both in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, decreased the expression of osteogenic-related genes (ALP, Sp7), and increased the expression of osteoclast-related genes (MMP9, c-fos, ACP5, CtsK, and NFATc1). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining illustrated that Pg-LPS promoted osteoclast differentiation and decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, analysis indicates that, when treated with Pg-LPS, the expression of EphA2 is upregulated while the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts was reduced and increased, respectively. Our data suggest that EphA2 is closely related to the formation of osteoblasts and resorption of osteoclast and is likely to play an role in bone resorption induced in chronic periodontitis. These findings may provide information on new targets for prevention and treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aichao Gao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xichao Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixian Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jain A, Bahuguna R. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in dental caries, pulp and periapical inflammation: An overview. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:212-8. [PMID: 26605147 PMCID: PMC4623218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of more than 25 secreted and membrane bound enzymes that represent class of enzymes responsible for degradation of pericellular substrates. They have been isolated from dentine, odontoblasts, pulp and periapical tissue. They play an important role in dentine matrix formation, modulating caries progression and secondary dentine formation. Earlier microbial proteolytic enzymes were believed to be responsible for degradation of dentine organic matrix, but lately the accumulated body of evidence suggests that MMPs have an important role in the process. During normal tissue modelling, differentiation during development, in modulating the cell behaviour, maintaining homeostasis and in numerous extracellular pathologic conditions, MMPs tends to be an equally important participant. Odontoblasts secrete some of the essential MMPs for both physiologic and pathologic conditions. MMPs also appear to be a participant in the process of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Although they tend to have low expression and activity in adult tissues but at the onset of any destructive pathologic process, their production shoots up. They appear to have a significant presence during times of inflammation in the periapical region as well. We take a look at the various factors and evidence pointing towards the role of MMPs in the progression of caries, pulpal and periapical inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Jain
- Professor & HOD, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences & Research, Bhilai, India
| | - Rachana Bahuguna
- Professor & HOD, Department of Pedodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences & Research, Bhilai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Satué M, Ramis JM, Monjo M. Cholecalciferol synthesized after UV-activation of 7-dehydrocholesterol onto titanium implants inhibits osteoclastogenesisin vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2280-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Satué
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences; Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS); University of Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Joana M. Ramis
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences; Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS); University of Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences; Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS); University of Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ertugrul AS, Dursun R, Dundar N, Avunduk MC, Hakki SS. MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in oral lichen planus patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:843-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
18
|
Cowan RW, Singh G. Giant cell tumor of bone: a basic science perspective. Bone 2013; 52:238-46. [PMID: 23063845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Comprehending the pathogenesis of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is of critical importance for developing novel targeted treatments for this locally-aggressive primary bone tumor. GCT is characterized by the presence of large multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells distributed amongst mononuclear spindle-like stromal cells and other monocytes. The giant cells are principally responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumor. However, the spindle-like stromal cells chiefly direct the pathology of the tumor by recruiting monocytes and promoting their fusion into giant cells. The stromal cells also enhance the resorptive ability of the giant cells. This review encompasses many of the attributes of GCT, including the process of giant cell formation and the mechanisms of bone resorption. The significance of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the development of GCT and the importance of proteases, including numerous matrix metalloproteinases, are highlighted. The mesenchymal lineage of the stromal cells and the origin of the hematopoietic monocytes are also discussed. Several aspects of GCT that require further understanding, including the etiology of the tumor, the mechanisms of metastases, and the development of an appropriate animal model, are also considered. By exploring the current status of GCT research, this review accentuates the significant progress made in understanding the biology of the tumor, and discusses important areas for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Cowan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen D, Zhang X, Guo Y, Shi S, Mao X, Pan X, Cheng T. MMP-9 inhibition suppresses wear debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis through downregulation of RANK/RANKL in a murine osteolysis model. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1417-23. [PMID: 23027468 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wear debris-induced osteolysis in periprosthetic tissue with aseptic loosening is a serious problem after total joint arthroplasty. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is expressed in osteoclast cells that surround loosening peri-implant tissue, but the molecular mechanism of MMP-9 action in wear debris-induced osteolysis remains ambiguous. We used a murine osteolysis model to examine the hypothesis that administration of an MMP-9 inhibitor reduces the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and, thereby, suppressesdebris-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Experiments were performed in 3 groups of 15 mice: a control, a titanium (Ti) and a Ti plus tetracycline group. To provoke inflammatory osteolysis, calvarial bone was implanted from syngeneic littermates, followed by injection of Ti particles into established air pouches for all groups except the control. Tetracycline was administered daily by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, and PBS was administered by i.p. injection to the control and Ti groups. Mice were sacrificed 14 days after bone-Ti implantation. Pouch membranes with the intact bone implants were collected for histological and molecular analysis. Tetracycline had minimum effect on the expression of MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but it decreased gene activation and inhibited the expression of RANK and RANKL, thereby inhibiting Ti-particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Tetracycline decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the pouch tissues. Our results in the murine osteolysis model suggest that through the downregulation of RANK/RANKL, tetracycline significantly inhibits debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Its use in clinical practice may help prevent complications experienced by patients who have undergone total joint arthroplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The involvement of oxidants and NF-κB in cytokine-induced MMP-9 synthesis by bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:673-88. [PMID: 22410640 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The activity of immune cells affects the balance between bone mineralization and resorption carried out by the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. This study was aimed at determining the possible interaction between inflammatory conditions and collagen type I degrading MMP (mainly MMP-2 and MMP-9) synthesis and secretion in rat osteoprogenitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed using primary rat bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitors during their advanced osteogenesis. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis and secretion in osteoprogenitors. RESULTS Results indicated that both synthesis and secretion of MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -8, -9, and -13) were significantly induced after pro-inflammatory cytokine treatments, except MMP-2, whose levels remained unchanged. NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells) inhibition assays showed that induced MMP-9 secretion by inflammatory cytokines was mediated by activation of NF-κB via the classical pathway and that oxidants play a significant role in this signal transduction pathway. In contrast, no such effect was observed for synthesis of MMP-2. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the possibility that inflammatory processes may trigger osteoblasts to absorb bone by secreting elevated levels of MMPs capable of degrading collagen type I, especially MMP-9 which is upregulated due to increased NF-κB transcription activity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rucci N, Millimaggi D, Mari M, Del Fattore A, Bologna M, Teti A, Angelucci A, Dolo V. Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand Enhances Breast Cancer–Induced Osteolytic Lesions through Upregulation of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer/CD147. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6150-60. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Cerri PS, Pereira-Júnior JA, Biselli NB, Sasso-Cerri E. Mast cells and MMP-9 in the lamina propria during eruption of rat molars: quantitative and immunohistochemical evaluation. J Anat 2010; 217:116-25. [PMID: 20557403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During the active tooth eruption process, structural changes in the lamina propria are necessary to provide extracellular matrix remodelling and for the establishment of the eruptive pathway. A large number of resident cells, recruited cells and proteases have been demonstrated in the eruptive process, but the participation of MMP-9 and mast cells has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we set out to evaluate the intensity of MMP-9 immunoexpression, the frequency of mast cells and the correlation between the incidence of mast cells and bone resorption in different phases of tooth eruption. Fragments of maxilla containing first molars, obtained from 9-, 11-, 13- and 16-day-old rats, were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Sagittal sections were stained with Masson's trichrome or submitted to the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase method for quantification of osteoclasts. Sections stained by 1% toluidine blue were used for quantification of metachromatic mast cells mm(-2) of lamina propria. The expression of MMP-9 in the lamina propria was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In the 9-day-old rats, the lamina propria contained few mast cells and occasional osteoclasts were found in the bone surface overlying the occlusal portion of the tooth germs. Otherwise, a significant increase in the number of mast cells was observed in the intra-osseous phase of tooth eruption (11-day-old rats), period in which numerous TRAP-positive osteoclasts were found in the bone surface. MMP-9 immunolabelling was detected in fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophage-like cells of the lamina propria in all ages studied. However, an enhanced immunolabelling was evident in the advanced phase of tooth eruption (16-day-old rats). During the intra-osseous phase, the parallel between the high frequency of both mast cells and osteoclasts suggests that mast cells could exert a paracrine function on the osteoclasts and then stimulate bone resorption. The immunoexpression of MMP-9 in different cells of lamina propria, including mast cells, indicates that this enzyme participates in the degradation of ECM, mainly during late phase of mucosal penetration. Thus mast cells and MMP-9 are involved in the complex process of degradation of the eruptive pathway extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wilson TJ, Nannuru KC, Singh RK. Cathepsin G-mediated activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 at the tumor-bone interface promotes transforming growth factor-beta signaling and bone destruction. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1224-33. [PMID: 19671689 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling has been observed at the tumor-bone interface of mammary tumor-induced osteolytic lesions despite no observed transcriptional up-regulation of TGF-beta. To this point, the mechanism for enhanced TGF-beta signaling remains unclear. The bulk of TGF-beta that is released at the tumor-bone interface is in an inactive form secondary to association with beta-latency-associated protein and latency TGF-beta binding protein. We hypothesized that the observed increase in TGF-beta signaling is due to increased cathepsin G-dependent, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta. MMP9 is capable of activating latent TGF-beta, and we observed that decreased production of MMP9 was associated with reduced TGF-beta signaling. Similar to TGF-beta, MMP9 is released in an inactive form and requires proteolytic activation. We showed that cathepsin G, which we have previously shown to be up-regulated at the tumor-bone interface, is capable of activating pro-MMP9. Inhibition of cathepsin G in vivo significantly reduced MMP9 activity, increased the ratio of latent TGF-beta to active TGF-beta, and reduced the level of TGF-beta signaling. Our proposed model based on these results is that cathepsin G is up-regulated through tumor-stromal interactions and activates pro-MMP9, active MMP9 cleaves and releases active TGF-beta, and active TGF-beta can then promote tumor growth and enhance osteoclast activation and subsequent bone resorption. Thus, for the first time, we have identified cathepsin G and MMP9 as proteases involved in enhanced TGF-beta signaling at the tumor-bone interface of mammary tumor-induced osteolytic lesions and have identified these proteases as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Soltanoff CS, Yang S, Chen W, Li YP. Signaling networks that control the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone cells. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2009; 19:1-46. [PMID: 19191755 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v19.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the two major bone cells involved in the bone remodeling process. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation while osteoclasts are the bone-resorbing cells. The major event that triggers osteogenesis and bone remodeling is the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into differentiating osteoblast cells and monocyte/macrophage precursors into differentiating osteoclasts. Imbalance in differentiation and function of these two cell types will result in skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteopetrosis, periodontal disease, and bone cancer metastases. Osteoblast and osteoclast commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent advances in molecular and genetic studies using gene targeting in mice enable a better understanding of the multiple factors and signaling networks that control the differentiation process at a molecular level. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast cell lineage commitment and differentiation. Understanding the signaling networks that control the commitment and differentiation of bone cells will not only expand our basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal development but will also aid our ability to develop therapeutic means of intervention in skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Soltanoff
- Department of Cytokine Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacLauchlan S, Skokos EA, Meznarich N, Zhu DH, Raoof S, Shipley JM, Senior RM, Bornstein P, Kyriakides TR. Macrophage fusion, giant cell formation, and the foreign body response require matrix metalloproteinase 9. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 85:617-26. [PMID: 19141565 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1008588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo fusion to form multinucleated giant cells in several pathologic conditions, including the foreign body response (FBR). We detected high levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during macrophage fusion in vitro and in foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) in vivo. Wild-type (WT) bone marrow-derived macrophages were induced to fuse with IL-4 in the presence of MMP-9 function-blocking antibodies and displayed reduced fusion. A similar defect, characterized by delayed shape change and abnormal morphology, was observed in MMP-9 null macrophages. Analysis of the FBR in MMP-9 null mice was then pursued to evaluate the significance of these findings. Specifically, mixed cellulose ester disks and polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted s.c. in MMP-9 null and WT mice and excised 2-4 weeks later. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses indicated equal macrophage recruitment between MMP-9 null and WT mice, but FBGC formation was compromised in the former. In addition, MMP-9 null mice displayed abnormalities in extracellular matrix assembly and angiogenesis. Consistent with a requirement for MMP-9 in fusion, we also observed reduced MMP-9 levels in MCP-1 null macrophages, previously shown to be defective in FBGC formation. Collectively, our studies show abnormalities in MMP-9 null mice during the FBR and suggest a role for MMP-9 in macrophage fusion.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lombardi F, Fasciglione GF, D’Apice MR, Vielle A, D’Adamo M, Sbraccia P, Marini S, Borgiani P, Coletta M, Novelli G. Increased release and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with mandibuloacral dysplasia type A, a rare premature ageing syndrome. Clin Genet 2008; 74:374-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Chia WT, Chen YW, Cheng LY, Lee HS, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. MMP-9 mRNA as a Therapeutic Marker in Acute and Chronic Stages of Arthritis Induced by Type II Collagen Antibody. J Formos Med Assoc 2008; 107:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(08)60143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
28
|
Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulates MMP-9 synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells-derived osteoprogenitors. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 129:589-97. [PMID: 18274772 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An intimate interplay exists between the bone and the immune system, which has been recently termed osteoimmunology. The activity of immune cells affects the intrinsic balance of bone mineralization and resorption carried out by the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The aim of this study was to determine the possible interaction between inflammatory-induced conditions and matrix metalloproteinases-2,-9 (MMP-2,-9) synthesis and secretion by bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells during advanced stages of osteogenesis. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in the presence of osteogenic supplements in order to direct the cells towards the osteogenic differentiation lineage. At the late stages of osteogenesis, assessed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, cultures were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). Biochemical, histochemical and molecular biology techniques were used to discern the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on MMP-2,-9 synthesis and secretion. Results indicated that MMP-9 synthesis and secretion were significantly induced after exposure to the cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha) treatment, while MMP-2 levels remained unchanged. These results indicate that in response to inflammatory processes, osteoblasts, in addition to osteoclasts, can also be involved and contribute to the process of active bone resorption by secretion and activation of MMPs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsuchiya M, Akiba Y, Takahashi I, Sasano Y, Kashiwazaki J, Tsuchiya S, Watanabe M. Comparison of expression patterns of cathepsin K and MMP-9 in odontoclasts and osteoclasts in physiological root resorption in the rat molar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:89-100. [DOI: 10.1679/aohc.71.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | | | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Jun Kashiwazaki
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shinobu Tsuchiya
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field combining the exciting fields of osteology and immunology. An observation that contributed enormously to the emergence of osteoimmunology was the accelerated bone loss caused by inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), which is the main regulator of osteoclastogenesis, was found to be the primary culprit responsible for the enhanced activation of osteoclasts: activated T cells directly and indirectly increased the expression of RANKL, and thereby promoted osteoclastic activity. Excessive bone loss is not only present in inflammatory diseases but also in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that the very prevalent skeletal disorder osteoporosis is associated with alterations in the immune system. Meanwhile, numerous connections have been discovered in osteoimmunology beyond merely the actions of RANKL. These include the importance of osteoblasts in the maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell niche and in lymphocyte development as well as the functions of immune cells participating in osteoblast and osteoclast development. Furthermore, research is being done investigating cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors and co-stimulatory molecules which are shared by both systems. Research in osteoimmunology promises the discovery of new strategies and the development of innovative therapeutics to cure or alleviate bone loss in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in osteoporosis. This review gives an introduction to bone remodeling and the cells governing that process and summarizes the most recent discoveries in the interdisciplinary field of osteoimmunology. Furthermore, an alternative large animal model will be discussed and the pathophysiological alterations of the immune system in osteoporosis will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Aging Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sundaram K, Nishimura R, Senn J, Youssef RF, London SD, Reddy SV. RANK ligand signaling modulates the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression during osteoclast differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2006; 313:168-78. [PMID: 17084841 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is tightly regulated by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a type IV collagenase is highly expressed in osteoclast cells and plays an important role in degradation of extracellular matrix; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate MMP-9 gene expression are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that RANKL signaling induces MMP-9 gene expression in osteoclast precursor cells. We further show that RANKL regulates MMP-9 gene expression through TRAF6 but not TRAF2. Interestingly, blockade of p38 MAPK activity by pharmacological inhibitor, SB203580 increases MMP-9 activity whereas ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 decreases RANKL induced MMP-9 activity in RAW264.7 cells. These data suggest that RANKL differentially regulates MMP-9 expression through p38 and ERK signaling pathways during osteoclast differentiation. Transient expression of MMP-9 gene (+1 to -1174 bp relative to ATG start codon) promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids in RAW264.7 cells and RANKL stimulation showed significant increase (20-fold) of MMP-9 gene promoter activity; however, there is no significant change with respect to +1 bp to -446 bp promoter region and empty vector transfected cells. These results indicated that MMP-9 promoter sequence from -446 bp to -1174 bp relative to start codon is responsive to RANKL stimulation. Sequence analysis of the mouse MMP-9 gene promoter region further identified the presence of binding motif (-1123 bp to -1153 bp) for the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) transcription factor. Inhibition of NFATc1 using siRNA and VIVIT peptide inhibitor significantly decreased RANKL stimulation of MMP-9 activity. We further confirm by oligonucleotide pull-down assay that RANKL stimuli enhanced NFATc1 binding to MMP-9 gene promoter element. In addition, over-expression of constitutively active NFAT in RAW264.7 cells markedly increased (5-fold) MMP-9 gene promoter activity in the absence of RANKL. Taken together, our results suggest that RANKL signals through TRAF6 and that NFATc1 is a downstream effector of RANKL signaling to modulate MMP-9 gene expression during osteoclast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sundaram
- Charles P. Darby Children's Research Institute, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Keles GC, Gunes S, Sumer AP, Sumer M, Kara N, Bagci H, Koprulu H. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promoter Gene Polymorphism With Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1510-4. [PMID: 16945027 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are related to tissue destruction and remodeling events in periodontal diseases. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of human MMP-9 gene is associated with the risk of some inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between MMP-9 promoter polymorphism and severe generalized chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population. METHODS Samples of venous blood and DNA were obtained from 70 severe generalized chronic periodontitis patients and 70 healthy subjects. The alleles of the C/T polymorphism at position -1562 in the promoter region of the MMP-9 gene were distinguished by cutting with the SphI restriction enzyme. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, and data were analyzed by the chi2 test. RESULTS There was a significant difference in MMP-9 genotypes between chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls. The odds ratios for the CT genotype and the combination of CT and TT genotypes were 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.93; P=0.02) and 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 016 to 0.85; P=0.01) relative to the subjects with the CC genotype, respectively. CONCLUSION MMP-9 promoter gene polymorphism seems to be associated with severe generalized chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Cayir Keles
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ishibashi O, Niwa S, Kadoyama K, Inui T. MMP-9 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide exerts an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption by suppressing cell migration. Life Sci 2006; 79:1657-60. [PMID: 16806280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in osteoclastic bone resorption by facilitating migration of osteoclastic cells toward bone surface through matrices. Of MMPs identified so far, MMP-9 is likely the most important proteinase for the action, since osteoclasts express this enzyme at a tremendously high level. However, no direct evidence has been provided to demonstrate its contribution to bone resorption. In this study, to address this point, we used an MMP-9 antisense phosphothiorate oligodeoxynucleotide (S-ODN), which was shown to inhibit the protein synthesis of MMP-9 efficiently. We demonstrated that the antisense S-ODN inhibited osteoclastic pit formation on matrigel-coated dentine slices in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum reduction of total pit volume by 53% at 10 microM. These results, taken together, suggest that MMP-9 is involved in osteoclastic bone resorption process possibly by facilitating migration of osteoclasts through proteoglican-rich matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ishibashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Makowski GS, Ramsby ML. Autoactivation profiles of calcium-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in inflammatory synovial fluid: effect of pyrophosphate and bisphosphonates. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 358:182-91. [PMID: 15921672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), gelatinase A and B, in synovial fluid is typical in inflammatory connective tissue diseases especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because MMPs are synthesized as latent proforms, a pathophysiologic understanding of MMP regulation has focused on mechanisms of activation that remain to date largely unresolved. METHODS Synovial fluid was collected by aseptic aspiration from RA patients and incubated with and without physiologic levels of calcium and other modifiers (pyrophosphate, bisphosphonates, and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), under conditions that activate MMPs. MMP-2 and -9 were then characterized by substrate gel electrophoresis (gelatin zymography) to resolve both latent and activated 'partially proteolyzed' forms. RESULTS Gelatin zymography revealed that RA synovial fluid contained latent neutrophil MMP-9 (92, 130, 225 kDa) and fibroblast MMP-2 (72 kDa). A small amount of activated MMP-2 (64 kDa) was also noted. Incubation of synovial fluid without calcium resulted in MMP-9 activation to 87, 116, and 209 kDa forms. MMP-9 activation was, however, substantially delayed in the presence of physiologic calcium (2.5 mmol/l). MMP-2 did not demonstrate any appreciable activation with or without physiologic calcium. MMP-9 activation likely occurred via an autoactivation mechanism since it was susceptible to inhibition by the tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1). Pyrophosphate and bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate) were ineffective in blocking synovial fluid MMP-9 autoactivation. Some early MMP-9 activation was noted with alendronate despite the presence of physiologic calcium. DISCUSSION Although RA synovial fluid contained abundant MMP-2 and MMP-9, only MMP-9 underwent autoactivation to lower molecular weight forms. MMP-9 was transiently stable in the presence of physiologic calcium concentration, whereas autoactivation was more pronounced without exogenous calcium. The apparent lack of MMP-2 autoactivation with or without calcium, likely resulted from the coexistence of its bound endogenous inhibitor, TIMP-2. The role of differential autoactivation of MMPs activity in inflammatory arthritic disease is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Makowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, MC-2235, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-2235, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pratap J, Javed A, Languino LR, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. The Runx2 osteogenic transcription factor regulates matrix metalloproteinase 9 in bone metastatic cancer cells and controls cell invasion. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:8581-91. [PMID: 16166639 PMCID: PMC1265732 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.19.8581-8591.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runx2 (Cbfa1/AML3) transcription factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) are key regulators of growth plate maturation and bone formation. The genes for both proteins are characteristic markers of breast and prostate cancer cells that metastasize to bone. Here we experimentally addressed the compelling question of whether Runx2 and MMP are functionally linked. By cDNA expression array analysis, we identified MMP9 as a novel downstream target of Runx2. Like that of MMP13, MMP9 expression is nearly depleted in Runx2 mutant mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the recruitment of Runx2 to the MMP9 promoter. We show by mutational analysis that the Runx2 site mediates transactivation of the MMP9 promoter in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and nonosseous (HeLa) cells. The overexpression of Runx2 by adenovirus delivery in nonmetastatic (MCF-7) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines significantly increases the endogenous levels of MMP9. The knockdown of Runx2 by RNA interference decreases MMP9 expression, as well as that of other Runx2 target genes, including the genes for MMP13 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, we have demonstrated using a cell invasion assay that Runx2-regulated MMP9 levels are functionally related to the invasion properties of cancer cells. These results are consistent with Runx2 control of multiple genes that contribute to the metastatic properties of cancer cells and their activity in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Models, Biological
- Models, Genetic
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptional Activation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parikka V, Väänänen A, Risteli J, Salo T, Sorsa T, Väänänen HK, Lehenkari P. Human mesenchymal stem cell derived osteoblasts degrade organic bone matrix in vitro by matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2005; 24:438-47. [PMID: 16098718 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some recent studies have suggested that cells of mesenchymal origin might participate in the organic bone matrix dissolution. In the present study, collagen synthesis and degradation by human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived cells were studied at early stage of osteoblast differentiation using a special two-stage in vitro culture model. In this model, cells were cultured on bovine bone slices, which were first resorbed by osteoclasts. Synthesis of type I collagen was markedly enhanced when mesenchymal cells were cultured on bone matrix. After thorough osteoclast removal, MSC derived cells were capable of degrading the organic bone matrix, and caused a release of type I collagen degradation product (ICTP) into the culture medium. This was inhibited by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, while cysteine proteinase inhibitor or estrogen had no inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis or gelatin zymography confirmed the presence of MMP-2, -8, -13 and -14, but not MMP-1 or -9, in the differentiated cells. 17beta-Estradiol was found to increase the expression of MMP-2 and -14 by these cells. Finally, scanning electron microscopy showed that the differentiating human MSCs were capable of degrading organic bone matrix remnants from the bottom of the resorption lacunae. These data support the hypothesis that collagen cleavage by the same cells that are subsequently responsible for bone formation is MMP mediated process and is an important step coupling bone formation into bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilhelmiina Parikka
- Department of Anatomy, Institution of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20250 Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Judex S, Zhong N, Squire ME, Ye K, Donahue LR, Hadjiargyrou M, Rubin CT. Mechanical modulation of molecular signals which regulate anabolic and catabolic activity in bone tissue. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:982-94. [PMID: 15597385 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms that regulate bone's adaptive response to alterations in load bearing may potentiate the discovery of interventions to curb osteoporosis. Adult female mice (BALB/cByJ) were subjected to catabolic (disuse) and anabolic (45 Hz, 0.3g vibration for 10 min/day) signals, and changes in the mRNA levels of thirteen genes were compared to altered indices of bone formation. Age-matched mice served as controls. Following 4 days of disuse, significant (P = 0.05) decreases in mRNA levels were measured for several genes, including collagen type I (-55%), osteonectin (-44%), osterix (-36%), and MMP-2 (-36%) all of which, after 21 days, had normalized to control levels. In contrast, expression of several genes in the vibrated group, which failed to show significant changes at 4 days, demonstrated significant increases after 21 days, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (39%, P = 0.07), MMP-2 (54%), and receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) (32%). Correlations of gene expression patterns across experimental conditions and time points allowed the functional clustering of responsive genes into two distinct groups. Each cluster's specific regulatory role (formation vs. resorption) was reinforced by the 60% suppression of formation rates caused by disuse, and the 55% increase in formation rates stimulated by mechanical signals (P < 0.05). These data confirm the complexity of the bone remodeling process, both in terms of the number of genes involved, their interaction and coordination of resorptive and formative activity, and the temporal sensitivity of the processes. More detailed spatial and temporal correlations between altered mRNA levels and tissue plasticity may further delineate the molecules responsible for the control of bone mass and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Judex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2580, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ishikawa T, Nishigaki F, Miyata S, Hirayama Y, Minoura K, Imanishi J, Neya M, Mizutani T, Imamura Y, Ohkubo Y, Mutoh S. Prevention of progressive joint destruction in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, FR217840. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 508:239-47. [PMID: 15680277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) has been implicated in joint destruction of chronic arthritis diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. FR217840 (2R)-1-([5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxamide is a potent, orally active synthetic MMP inhibitor that inhibits human collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13), gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and membrane type MMP (MT-MMP) (MT1-MMP/MMP-14). FR217840 also inhibits rat collagenase and gelatinase. We studied the effect of FR217840 on a rat adjuvant induced arthritis model. Although oral administration (days 1-21) of FR217840 (3.2, 10, 32 mg/kg) to adjuvant injected Lewis rats did not affect inflammation, as indicated by both hind paw swelling and histological inflammatory infiltration, FR217840 suppressed both bone destruction and serum pyridinoline content in a dose-dependent manner. Also, FR217840 (32 mg/kg) reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cell number in the ankle joints of rats with arthritis. These results indicate that FR217840 successfully suppressed joint destruction and suggest that FR217840 may have potential as a novel anti-rheumatic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishikawa
- Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boumah CE, Selvamurugan N, Partridge NC. Transcription in the osteoblast: regulatory mechanisms utilized by parathyroid hormone and transforming growth factor-beta. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 80:287-321. [PMID: 16164977 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(05)80007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Boumah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Andersen TL, del Carmen Ovejero M, Kirkegaard T, Lenhard T, Foged NT, Delaissé JM. A scrutiny of matrix metalloproteinases in osteoclasts: evidence for heterogeneity and for the presence of MMPs synthesized by other cells. Bone 2004; 35:1107-19. [PMID: 15542036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diseases and knockout mice stress the importance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skeletal turnover. Our study aims at clarifying which MMPs are expressed by osteoclasts. Previous analyses of this basic question led to conflicting reports in the literature. In the present study, we used a variety of approaches: PCR, Northern blots, Slot blots, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. We analyzed osteoclasts in culture as well as osteoclasts in native bone at different locations and compared mouse and rabbit osteoclasts. Osteoclasts express MMP-9 and -14 in all conditions, although to a variable extent, and they are able to synthesize MMP-3, -10, and -12, at least under some circumstances. The induction of a given MMP in osteoclasts is influenced by its environment (e.g., osteoclast culture vs. native bone, and various sites within the same bone) and depends on the species (e.g., mouse vs. rabbit). Osteoclasts show high amounts of MMP-2 and -13 protein presumably made to a large extent by other cells, thereby documenting how proteinases of nonosteoclastic origin may contribute to osteoclast activities and giving insight in why the resorptive activity of purified osteoclasts appears insensitive to MMP inhibitors. Our study shows that the confusion about osteoclastic MMPs in the literature reflects the remarkable ability of osteoclasts to adapt to their environment, as required by the structural or functional diversity of bone tissue. Our observations provide basic information needed for understanding the emerging role of MMPs in controlling cell signaling and bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andersen
- Nordic Bioscience/Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Herlev/Ballerup, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamada Y, Ando F, Niino N, Shimokata H. Association of a polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene with bone mineral density in Japanese men. Metabolism 2004; 53:135-7. [PMID: 14767860 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is implicated in bone remodeling. A - 1562C--> T polymorphism in the promoter of the MMP-9 gene (MMP9) has been shown to influence gene transcription. The possible relation of this polymorphism to bone mineral density (BMD) was examined in 1,114 Japanese men and 1,087 women. BMD for the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter, or Ward's triangle was significantly lower in the combined group of men with the CT or TT genotypes or in men with the CT genotype than in those with the CC genotype. No significant differences in BMD among MMP9 genotypes were observed in premenopausal or postmenopausal women. The -1562C-->T polymorphism of MMP9 was thus associated with BMD in Japanese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Gene Therapy, Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nakamura H, Sato G, Hirata A, Yamamoto T. Immunolocalization of matrix metalloproteinase-13 on bone surface under osteoclasts in rat tibia. Bone 2004; 34:48-56. [PMID: 14751562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 (an interstitial collagenase also called collagenase 3) is involved in degradation of extracellular matrix in various tissues. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we investigated localization of MMP-13 in rat tibia, to clarify the role of MMP-13 in bone resorption. MMP-13 reactivity was mainly seen on bone surfaces under osteoclasts, and in some osteocytes and their lacunae near osteoclasts. However, immunoreactivity was not seen in chondrocytes or osteoclasts. MMP-13 was also localized on cement lines in the epiphysis. In the growth plate erosion zone, perivascular cells showed MMP-13 reactivity. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that MMP-13 was localized on the bone surfaces, under the ruffled borders and some clear zones of osteoclasts. Gold-labeled MMP-13 was closely associated with collagen fibrils. Gold labeling was also detected in Golgi apparatus of osteocytes adjacent to osteoclasts and bone lining cells. Western blotting showed that MMP-13 was mainly associated with mineralized bone matrix. These findings suggest that MMP-13 synthesized and secreted by osteoblast-lineage cells is localized under the ruffled borders of osteoclasts. MMP-13 may play an important role in degradation of type I collagen in bone matrix, acting in concert with cathepsin K and MMP-9 produced by osteoclasts. MMP-13 in perivascular cells may be involved in removal of cartilage matrix proteins such as type II collagen and aggrecan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma J, Kitti U, Hanemaaijer R, Teronen OP, Sorsa TA, Natah S, Tensing EK, Konttinen YT. Gelatinase B is associated with peri-implant bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003; 14:709-13. [PMID: 15015946 DOI: 10.1046/j.0905-7161.2003.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clear whether gelatinase B is associated with peri-implant bone loss (PBL). Peri-implant sulcus fluid was collected from 46 implant sites in 12 patients. These sites were also characterized using modified Gingival Index (mGI). Activated and total gelatinase B levels, measured using a modified urokinase assay, showed correlation with PBL (n = 46, Spearman's rank correlation test). Activated and total gelatinase B values were significantly higher in PBL > 3 mm group (n = 6) compared to PBL < 1 mm (n = 29) and 1 < PBL < 3 mm (n = 11) groups (rank sum test). Activated gelatinase B level in mGI > 0.5 group (n = 24) was clearly higher compared to mGI = 0 (n = 13) and < or = 0.5 (n = 9) groups (Rank sum test). We conclude that gelatinase B is associated with PBL. Activation of gelatinase B together with elevated mGI eventually reflect active phases of peri-implantitis and may prove to be diagnostically useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Biomedicum/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sasaki T. Differentiation and functions of osteoclasts and odontoclasts in mineralized tissue resorption. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:483-95. [PMID: 12879416 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation and functions of osteoclasts (OC) are regulated by osteoblast-derived factors such as receptor activator of NFKB ligand (RANKL) that stimulates OC formation, and a novel secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily, osteoprotegerin (OPG), that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. In examination of the preosteoclast (pOC) culture, pOCs formed without any additives expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), but showed little resorptive activity. pOC treated with RANKL became TRAP-positive OC, which expressed intense vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase and exhibited prominent resorptive activity. Such effects of RANKL on pOC were completely inhibited by addition of OPG. OPG inhibited ruffled border formation in mature OC and reduced their resorptive activity, and also induced apoptosis of some OC. Although OPG administration significantly reduced trabecular bone loss in the femurs of ovariectomized (OVX) mice, the number of TRAP-positive OC in OPG-administered OVX mice was not significantly decreased. Rather, OPG administration caused the disappearance of ruffled borders and decreased H(+)-ATPase expression in most OC. OPG deficiency causes severe osteoporosis. We also examined RANKL localization and OC induction in periodontal ligament (PDL) during experimental movement of incisors in OPG-deficient mice. Compared to wild-type OPG (+/+) littermates, after force application, TRAP-positive OC were markedly increased in the PDL and alveolar bone was severely destroyed in OPG-deficient mice. In both wild-type and OPG-deficient mice, RANKL expression in osteoblasts and fibroblasts became stronger by force application. These in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that RANKL and OPG are important regulators of not only the terminal differentiation of OC but also their resorptive function. To determine resorptive functions of OC, we further examined the effects of specific inhibitors of H(+)-ATPase, bafilomycin A1, and lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsins), E-64, on the ultrastructure, expression of these enzymes and resorptive functions of cultured OC. In bafilomycin A1-treated cultures, OC lacked ruffled borders, and H(+)-ATPase expression and resorptive activity were significantly diminished. E-64 treatment did not affect the ultrastructure and the expression of enzyme molecules in OC, but significantly reduced resorption lacuna formation, by inhibition of cathepsin activity. Lastly, we examined the expression of H(+)-ATPase, cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in odontoclasts (OdC) during physiological root resorption in human deciduous teeth, and found that there were no differences in the expression of these molecules between OC and OdC. RANKL was also detected in stromal cells located on resorbing dentine surfaces. This suggests that there is a common mechanism in cellular resorption of mineralized tissues such as bone and teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Sasaki
- Department of Oral Histology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bosetti M, Renò F, Bracco P, Costa L, Cannas M. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxidation reduces metalloproteinase 2 secretion in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro: a mechanism of modulation of extracellular matrix. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:698-705. [PMID: 12601782 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sterilization with gamma rays induced high oxidation levels both on the surface and in the bulk that alter its structure and mechanical properties. The oxidation process of gamma-radiated UHMWPE induces a reduction of molecular weight and, consequently, a less abrasive resistance that has been related, among others, to the failure of UHMWPE in vivo. To explain the role of cells in such events, human osteoblast-like cells were seeded onto UHMWPE and oxidized UHMWPE discs. Cellular viability and morphology were evaluated along with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production and activity. Oxidized UHMWPE did not induce any significant cytotoxic effects as observed by lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the nonoxidized form; no changes in the cell morphology after 4 and 8 days proliferation were observed. In growth medium metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase-A, MMP-2) was produced and released by osteoblast-like cells. We observed that cells grown onto oxidized UHMWPE discs decreased the release and activity of MMP-2 after 4 and 8 days culture compared to cells grown on control and non-oxidized UHMWPE discs; metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase-B, MMP-9) release was not significantly influenced. The absence of cytotoxic and morphological effects in the presence of a down-regulation of MMP-2 release and activity suggest that oxidized polyethylene surfaces may modulate matrix remodeling and, consequently, bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bosetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Makowski GS, Ramsby ML. Zymographic analysis of latent and activated forms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in synovial fluid: correlation to polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and in response to infection. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 329:77-81. [PMID: 12589968 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), and gelatinase A and B participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins in a variety of inflammatory connective tissue diseases including arthritis. METHODS Synovial fluid was collected by aseptic aspiration from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, infected joint, septic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Synovial fluid was subjected to cell count with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) differential, Gram staining and culture as necessary. MMP-2 and -9 were characterized by substrate gel electrophoresis (gelatin zymography) to resolve latent and activated 'partially proteolyzed' forms. RESULTS Gelatin zymography revealed that MMP-9 (92, 130, 225 kDa) in synovial fluid was associated with extent of white blood cell infiltration specifically PMNs. In contrast, fibroblast MMP-2 (72 kDa) was present in all synovial fluids irrespective of PMN count. No MMP-9 was detected in the osteoarthritic specimen with low PMN count. Higher PMN count was associated with the presence of activated MMPs, especially in specimens that were confirmed culture positive. Activated synovial fluid MMPs persisted despite resolution of infection. DISCUSSION Latent and activated MMP-2 and MMP-9 in synovial fluids fluctuate in proportion to PMN infiltration and specifically in response to infection. The presence of activated MMPs post-therapy would suggest that use of specific MMP inhibitors be indicated to eliminate activated MMPs that apparently persist post-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Makowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-2235, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Linsuwanont B, Takagi Y, Ohya K, Shimokawa H. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and protein during deciduous tooth resorption in bovine odontoclasts. Bone 2002; 31:472-8. [PMID: 12398942 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, or gelatinase B) is an extracellular proteinase that is highly expressed in osteoclasts and has been postulated to play an important role in their resorptive activity. Although MMP-9 has been reported to play a role in bone resorption, the association of this enzyme during deciduous tooth resorption has not yet been clarified. The purpose of the present study was to increase our understanding of the role of MMP-9 during deciduous tooth resorption. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and northern blot analysis of total RNAs extracted from bovine root-resorbing tissues, which lie between the root of a deciduous tooth and its permanent successor, revealed the expression of mRNA for MMP-9 in the tissue. These results indicate that MMP-9 may be involved in the process of deciduous tooth resorption. In addition, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were also performed to identify the cells that produced MMP-9 in bovine root-resorbing tissue. MMP-9 mRNA was highly expressed in odontoclasts that were aligned along the surface of the tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the predominant localization of MMP-9 in odontoclasts. The present data demonstrate that odontoclasts in deciduous root resorption express MMP-9, which may participate in proteolysis during root resorption of deciduous tooth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Linsuwanont
- Developmental Oral Health Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parikka V, Lehenkari P, Sassi ML, Halleen J, Risteli J, Härkönen P, Väänänen HK. Estrogen reduces the depth of resorption pits by disturbing the organic bone matrix degradation activity of mature osteoclasts. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5371-8. [PMID: 11713237 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decreased E2 levels after menopause cause bone loss through increased penetrative resorption. The reversal effect of E2 substitution therapy is well documented in vivo, although the detailed mechanism of action is not fully understood. To study the effects of E2 on bone resorption, we developed a novel in vitro bone resorption assay in which degradation of inorganic and organic matrix could be measured separately. E2 treatment significantly decreased the depth of resorption pits, although the area resorbed was not changed. Electron microscopy further revealed that the resorption pits were filled with nondegraded collagen, suggesting that E2 disturbed the organic matrix degradation. Two major groups of proteinases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine proteinases, have been suggested to participate in organic matrix degradation by osteoclasts. We show here that MMP-9 released a cross-linked carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen from bone collagen, and cathepsin K released another C-terminal fragment, the C-terminal cross-linked peptide of type I collagen. E2 significantly inhibited the release of the C-terminal cross-linked peptide of type I collagen into the culture medium without affecting the release of cross-linked carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in osteoclast cultures. These results suggest that organic matrix degradation is initiated by MMPs and continued by cysteine proteases; the latter event is regulated by E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Parikka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oshiro T, Shibasaki Y, Martin TJ, Sasaki T. Immunolocalization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand in odontoclasts during physiological root resorption of human deciduous teeth. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2001; 264:305-11. [PMID: 11596012 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular mechanisms of physiological root resorption in human deciduous teeth, the authors examined the immunocytochemical localization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and receptor activator of NFKB ligand (RANKL) in odontoclasts. H+-ATPase, cathepsin K, and MMP-9 are the most important enzymes for decalcification of apatite crystals and degradation of type-I collagen. In addition, RANKL is one of the key regulatory molecules in osteoclast formation and functions. Odontoclasts developed extensive ruffled borders and clear zones apposed to the resorbing root dentine surfaces. On immunoelectron microscopy, the expression of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase was detected along the limiting membranes of pale vacuoles and the ruffled border membranes of odontoclasts. Cathepsin K in odontoclasts was localized within pale vacuoles, lysosomes, the extracellular canals of ruffled borders, and the underlying resorbing dentine surfaces. MMP-9 localization in odontoclasts was similar to those of cathepsin K. RANKL was detected in both mononuclear stromal cells and odontoclasts located on resorbing dentine surfaces. These results suggest that (1) odontoclasts are directly involved in decalcification of apatite crystals by active extrusion of proton ions mediated by H+-ATPase and (2) extracellular degradation of dentine type-I collagen by both cathepsin K and MMP-9, and (3) odontoclast differentiation and activity are regulated, at least in part, by RANKL, possibly produced by mononuclear stromal cells and odontoclasts themselves in the resorbing tissues. Thus, the cellular mechanisms of physiological root resorption appear to be quite similar to those of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Oshiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Llavaneras A, Ramamurthy NS, Heikkilä P, Teronen O, Salo T, Rifkin BR, Ryan ME, Golub LM, Sorsa T. A combination of a chemically modified doxycycline and a bisphosphonate synergistically inhibits endotoxin-induced periodontal breakdown in rats. J Periodontol 2001; 72:1069-77. [PMID: 11525440 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemically modified non-antimicrobial tetracyclines (CMTs) have been shown to inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase (and other matrix metalloproteinase, MMP) activity and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In the current study, suboptimal doses of CMT-8 (a non-antimicrobial chemically modified doxycycline) and a bisphosphonate (clodronate, an anti-bone resorption compound) were administered daily, either as a single agent or as a combination therapy, to rats with experimental periodontitis induced by repeated injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) into the gingiva. At the end of the 1-week protocol, the gingival tissues were dissected, extracted, and the extracts analyzed for MMPs (collagenases and gelatinases) and for elastase, and the defleshed jaws were morphometrically analyzed for alveolar bone loss. RESULTS LPS injection significantly (P<0.001) increased alveolar bone loss and increased collagenase (MMP-8), gelatinase (MMP-9), and elastase activities. Treatment of the LPS-injected rats with suboptimal CMT-8 alone or suboptimal clodronate alone produced slight reductions in the tissue-destructive proteinases and no significant reductions in alveolar bone loss. However, a combination of suboptimal CMT-8 and clodronate "normalized" the pathologically elevated levels of MMPs, elastase, and alveolar bone loss, indicating synergistic inhibition of tissue breakdown in this animal model of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Combination of a CMT and a bisphosphonate may be a useful treatment to optimally suppress periodontal destruction and tooth loss and in other tissue-destructive inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Llavaneras
- Central University of Venezuela School of Dentistry and School of Pharmacy, Caracas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|