1
|
Song J, Liu G, Jiang J. A novel prediction method for protein DNA-binding residues based on neighboring residue correlations. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Song
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Guixia Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jingqing Jiang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, Dong C, Chen M, Chen Y, Gu A, Xia Y, Sun H, Li Z, Wang Y. Effects of monobutyl phthalate on steroidogenesis through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein regulated by transcription factors in mouse Leydig tumor cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:875-84. [PMID: 25903692 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most widely used phthalate esters, and it is ubiquitous in the environment. DBP and its major metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), change steroid biosynthesis and impair male reproductive function. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the steroid biosynthesis disruption by MBP is still unclear. METHODS We analyzed the progesterone production, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA, protein expression, and DNA-binding affinity of transcription factors (SF-1 and GATA-4). RESULTS Our results reveal that MBP inhibited progesterone production. At the same time, StAR mRNA and protein were decreased after MBP exposure. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that DNA-binding affinity of transcription factors (SF-1 and GATA-4) was decreased in a dose-dependent manner after MBP treatments. Western blot tests next confirmed that protein of SF-1 was decreased, but GATA-4 protein was unchanged. However, phosphorylated GATA-4 protein was decreased with 800 μM of MBP. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an important and novel mechanism whereby SF-1 and GATA-4 may regulate StAR during MBP-induced steroidogenesis disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Dong C, Chen M, Lu J, Han X, Qiu L, Chen Y, Qin J, Li X, Gu A, Xia Y, Sun H, Li Z, Wang Y. Low-dose monobutyl phthalate stimulates steroidogenesis through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein regulated by SF-1, GATA-4 and C/EBP-beta in mouse Leydig tumor cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:72. [PMID: 23889939 PMCID: PMC3734203 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitous use of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of the most widely used plasticizers, results in extensive exposure to humans and the environment. DBP and its major metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), may alter steroid biosynthesis and their exposure may lead to damage to male reproductive function. Low-doses of DBP/MBP may result in increased steroidogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of possible effects of low-dose MBP on steroidogenesis remain unclear. The aim of present study was to elaborate the role of transcription factors and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in low-dose MBP-induced distruption of steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1 cells). METHODS In the present study, MLTC-1 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 g/L sodium bicarbonate. Progesterone level was examined by I125-pregesterone Coat-A-Count radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. mRNA and protein levels were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. DNA-binding of several transcription factors was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS In this study, various doses of MBP (0, 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), or 10(-6) M) were added to the medium followed by stimulation of MLTC-1 cells with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The results showed that MBP increased progesterone production and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA and protein levels. However, the protein levels of cytochrome P450scc and 3 beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) were unchanged after MBP treatment. EMSA assay showed that DNA-binding of steroidogenic factors 1(SF-1), GATA-4 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBP-beta) was increased in a dose-dependent manner after MBP exposure. Western blot tests were next employed and confirmed that the protein levels of SF-1, GATA-4 and C/EBP-beta were also increased. Additionally, western blot tests confirmed the expression of DAX-1, negative factor of SF-1, was dose-dependently down regulated after MBP exposure, which further confirmed the role of SF-1 in MBP-stimulated steroid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we firstly delineated the regulation of StAR by transcription factors including SF-1, GATA-4 and C/EBP-beta maybe critical mechanism involved in low-dose MBP-stimulated steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Congcong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yansu Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murray V, Nguyen TV, Chen JK. The use of automated sequencing techniques to investigate the sequence selectivity of DNA-damaging agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:1-8. [PMID: 22416919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the use of automated DNA sequencing techniques to determine the sequence specificity of compounds that interact with DNA is discussed. The sequence specificity of a DNA-damaging agent is an essential element in determining the cellular mechanism of action of a drug. A number of DNA-damaging compounds are mutagenic, carcinogenic, as well as being widely used as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The distribution of lesions in a sequence of DNA can give vital clues in the determination of the precise mechanism of interaction of the agent with DNA. The DNA sequence specificity of a number of DNA-damaging agents has been delineated using automated DNA sequencing technology, and these studies are discussed in this review. The current state-of-the-art methodology involves capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection usually on an Applied Biosystems ABI 3730 capillary sequencer. This current technique has higher resolution, greater sensitivity, higher precision, more rapid separation times, is safer and easier to perform than previous methods. The two main methods to determine the DNA sequence selectivity of compounds that interact with DNA are described: end labelling and the polymerase stop assay. The interaction of the antitumour drug, bleomycin, with DNA is utilized to illustrate the recent technological advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuhl AJ, Ross SM, Gaido KW. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, but not steroidogenic factor-1, modulates the phthalate-induced dysregulation of rat fetal testicular steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5851-64. [PMID: 17884934 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged in utero exposure of fetal male rats to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) can result in a feminized phenotype characterized by malformed epididymides, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and retained thoracic nipples, among others. These symptoms likely result, in part, from decreased expression of steroidogenic enzymes and, therefore, reduced testosterone biosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these changes in gene expression profiles are unknown. To understand these mechanisms in rats, in vivo DNase footprinting was adapted to provide a semiquantitative map of changes in DNA-protein interactions in the promoter region of steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory, scavenger receptor B-1, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, and cytochrome P450 17A1, that are down-regulated after an in utero DBP exposure. Regions with altered DNase protection were coordinated with a specific DNA binding protein event by EMSA, and binding activity confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results demonstrated altered DNase protection at regions mapping to CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (c/ebp beta) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed declines in DNA-protein interactions of c/ebp beta in DBP treated animals, whereas SF-1 was reduced in both diethyl phthalate (nontoxic) and DBP (toxic) treatments. These results suggest that inhibition of c/ebp beta, and not SF-1, is critical in DBP induced inhibition of steroidogenic genes. In addition, these observations suggest a pathway redundancy in the regulation of steroidogenesis in fetal testis. In conclusion, this study presents a snapshot of changes in the structure of transcriptional machinery and proposes a mechanism of action resulting from DBP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Kuhl
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|