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Maleki-Hajiagha A, Shafie A, Maajani K, Amidi F. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on female fertility and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and animal studies. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:163. [PMID: 39127677 PMCID: PMC11316280 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative stress (OS) plays a harmful role in female reproduction and fertility. Several studies explored various dietary interventions and antioxidant supplements, such as astaxanthin (AST), to mitigate the adverse effects of OS on female fertility. Ameliorative effects of AST on female fertility and the redox status of reproductive organs have been shown in several animal and clinical studies. OBJECTIVES The main objective of present systematic review and meta-analysis of both animal and clinical studies was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the effects of AST on female fertility and reproductive outcomes. The effect of AST on redox status, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in reproductive organs were included as the secondary outcomes. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, until January 1, 2024, using specified search terms related to AST, female reproductive performance, and infertility, considering the diverse synonyms found in the literature for interventional studies that compared oral AST supplementation with placebo or control in human or animal models. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias. We pooled the results using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity and quality of evidence. We descriptively reported the data from animal models, as meta-analysis was not possible. DATA ANALYSIS The meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that AST significantly increased the oocyte maturation rate (MD: 8.40, 95% CI: 4.57 to 12.23, I2: 0%) and the total antioxidant capacity levels in the follicular fluid (MD: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06, I2: 0%). The other ART and pregnancy outcomes and redox status markers did not show statistically significant changes. The animal studies reported ameliorative effects of AST on redox status, inflammation, apoptosis, and ovarian tissue histomorphology. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that AST supplementation may improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes by enhancing oocyte quality and reducing OS in the reproductive organs. However, the evidence is limited by the heterogeneity, risk of bias, and small sample size of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahid Shafie
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadije Maajani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran.
- Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yu M, Fan R, Wang D, Han Y, Dai X, Yang SM. Tannic acid alleviates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced ovarian damage in Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2261-2272. [PMID: 38630174 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties present in various plants. In this study, we explored the protective effect of TA against ovarian oxidative stress in Brandt's voles and its underlying mechanism. At various doses, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) was intraperitoneally injected into Brandt's voles to simulate ovarian oxidative stress. Thereafter, various doses of TA were intragastrically administered to examine the protective effect of TA against 3-NPA-induced ovarian damage. Changes in inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress-related factors were investigated through various biochemical and histological techniques. Ovarian oxidative stress was successfully induced by the intraperitoneal administration of 12.5 mg/kg 3-NPA for 18 days. As a result, the ovarian coefficient decreased and ovarian tissue fibrosis was induced. TA treatment effectively alleviated the increase in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels; the decrease in estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels; and the decline in fertility induced by 3-NPA. Compared to that in the 3-NPA group, TA decreased the expression of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1 and LC3, as well as the level of apoptosis. It also activated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, downregulated PTEN and p-NF-κB expression, and upregulated Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TA could inhibit autophagy via the regulation of AKT/mTOR signaling, suppressing oxidative damage and inflammatory responses through Nrf2 to alleviate 3-NPA-induced ovarian damage. Collectively, the current findings highlight the protective effects of TA in Brandt's vole, where it promotes the maintenance of normal ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Ruiyang Fan
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Daochen Wang
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Yang
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Duan H, Yang S, Yang S, Zeng J, Yan Z, Zhang L, Ma X, Dong W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Hu J, Xiao L. The mechanism of curcumin to protect mouse ovaries from oxidative damage by regulating AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155468. [PMID: 38471315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of granulosa cell apoptosis in ovarian disease. Curcumin has various biological roles, but its potential role in protecting granulosa cells from oxidative damage remains unidentified. PURPOSE The study revealed the protective effect of curcumin on granulosa cell survival under oxidative stress, and explored its mode of action. STUDY DESIGN The protective effect of curcumin on oxidative stress-induced ovarian cell apoptosis was evaluated in vivo and in vitro, and the role of autophagy and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in this process was also demonstrated. METHODS First, mice were injected to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA, 20 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days to establish the ovarian oxidative stress model, at same time, curcumin (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) was given orally. Thereafter, functional changes, cell apoptosis, and autophagy in ovarian tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, TUNEL assays, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, oxidative stress model of granulosa cells was established with H2O2in vitro and treated with curcumin. The underlying mechanisms of curcumin to protect the apoptosis under oxidative stress in vitro were determined using western blotting and TUNEL assays. RESULTS In our study, after curcumin treatment, the mouse ovarian function disorder under 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress recovered significantly, and ovarian cell apoptosis decreased. H2O2 induced granulosa cell apoptosis in vitro, and curcumin antagonized this process. Autophagy contributes to tissue and cell survival under stress. We therefore examined the role of autophagy in this process. According to the in vivo and in vitro results, curcumin restored autophagy under oxidative stress. The autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) exhibited the same effect as curcumin, whereas the autophagy activator (rapamycin) antagonized the effect of curcumin. In addition, the study found that the AMPK/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in curcumin- mediated autophagy to protect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings for the first time systematically revealed a new mechanism through which curcumin protects ovarian granulosa cells from oxidative stress-induced damage through AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and suggested that it can be a new therapeutic direction for female ovarian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jianlin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Weitao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Longfei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Liang J, Gao Y, Feng Z, Zhang B, Na Z, Li D. Reactive oxygen species and ovarian diseases: Antioxidant strategies. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102659. [PMID: 36917900 PMCID: PMC10023995 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly produced in mitochondria and are involved in various physiological activities of the ovary through signaling and are critical for regulating the ovarian cycle. Notably, the imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system contributes to the development of ovarian diseases. These contradictory effects have critical implications for potential antioxidant strategies that aim to scavenge excessive ROS. However, much remains to be learned about how ROS causes various ovarian diseases to the application of antioxidant therapy for ovarian diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms of ROS generation and maintenance of homeostasis in the ovary and its associated physiological effects. Additionally, we have highlighted the pathological mechanisms of ROS in ovarian diseases and potential antioxidant strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yingzhuo Gao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Jiang D, Sun Q, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Kang L, Wang Z, Wang X, An X, Ji C, Ling W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Kang B. Effects of exogenous spermidine on autophagy and antioxidant capacity in ovaries and granulosa cells of Sichuan white geese. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad301. [PMID: 37698248 PMCID: PMC10588823 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can inhibit ovarian senescence induced by oxidative stress and regulate follicle development and atresia, but its mechanism is still unclear. Exogenous spermidine can induce autophagy and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this experiment, oxidative stress in Sichuan white geese ovaries and follicular granulosa cells (GCs) was caused by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) and spermidine was added to explore the effect of exogenous spermidine inducing autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Research results showed that putrescine, spermidine and spermine contents in goose ovaries in the group treated with spermidine combined with 3-NPA were 2.70, 1.94, and 1.70 times higher than those in the group treated with 3-NPA, respectively (P < 0.05). The contents of spermidine and spermine in GCs were 1.37 and 0.89 times higher in the spermidine in combination with the 3-NPA group than in the 3-NPA group, respectively (P < 0.05). LC3 and p62 were mainly expressed in the follicular granulosa layer. The LC3-II/I ratio and p62 level in GCs in the spermidine combined with 3-NPA treatment group were 1.37 and 0.77 times higher than that of the 3-NPA treatment group, respectively (P < 0.05). 3-NPA treatment significantly increased ROS level and the apoptosis rate in GCs, while the combined treatment of spermidine and 3-NPA reversed this change (P < 0.05). In conclusion, spermidine alleviated the oxidative damage induced by 3-NPA by improving the antioxidant capacity of ovaries and follicular GCs of Sichuan white geese and may be alleviated by inducing autophagy in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weikang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Otocka-Kmiecik A. Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142842. [PMID: 35889799 PMCID: PMC9318174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Allethrin Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy Associated with the Oxidative Stress-Related PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Developing Rat Ovaries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126397. [PMID: 35742842 PMCID: PMC9224321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased concern regarding the reduction in female fertility and the impressive numbers of women undergoing fertility treatment support the existence of environmental factors beyond inappropriate programming of developing ovaries. Among these factors are pyrethroids, which are currently some of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide. The present study was performed to investigate the developmental effects of the pyrethroid-based insecticide allethrin on ovarian function in rat offspring in adulthood. We mainly focused on the roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and the related pathways in ovarian injury. Thirty-day-old Wistar albino female rats were intragastrically administered 0 (control), 34.2 or 68.5 mg/kg body weight allethrin after breeding from Day 6 of pregnancy until delivery. We found that allethrin-induced ovarian histopathological damage was accompanied by elevations in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, the number of autophagosomes in allethrin-treated ovaries was higher, and this increase was correlated with the upregulated expression of genes and proteins related to the autophagic marker LC-3. Furthermore, allethrin downregulated the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in allethrin-treated ovaries compared with control ovaries. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that exposure to the pyrethroid-based insecticide allethrin adversely affects both the follicle structure and function in rat offspring during adulthood. Specifically, allethrin can induce excessive oxidative stress and defective autophagy-related apoptosis, probably through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and these effects may contribute to ovarian dysfunction and impaired fertility in female offspring.
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