|
1
|
Matzhold EM, Körmöczi GF, Banfi C, Schönbacher M, Drexler-Helmberg C, Steinmetz I, Berghold A, Schlenke P, Wagner GE, Stoisser A, Kleinhappl B, Mayr WR, Wagner T. Lower Levels of ABO Anti-A and Anti-B of IgM, IgG and IgA Isotypes in the Serum but Not the Saliva of COVID-19 Convalescents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154513. [PMID: 35956128 PMCID: PMC9369710 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ABO type O, naturally possessing anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their serum, are underrepresented among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with healthy controls. The ABO antibodies might play a role in the viral transmission. Therefore, we aimed to quantify anti-A/anti-B, including their subclasses IgM, IgG and IgA, in the serum and saliva of Caucasians (n = 187) after mild COVID-19 to compare them with individuals who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Two samples were collected within two months after the diagnosis (median days: 44) and two months later. ABO antibodies were determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, total IgA in saliva and antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 were tested by ELISA. COVID-19 convalescents had significantly lower levels of anti-A/anti-B IgM, IgG and IgA in their serum than control subjects (p < 0.001). Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in saliva. ABO antibody levels remained stable over the period considered. No relation of ABO to the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was observed. Total IgA was lower in convalescents than in controls (p = 0.038). Whereas ABO antibodies in the saliva may not contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, individual pre-existing high serum concentrations of anti-A/anti-B may have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Matzhold
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-81438
| | - Günther F. Körmöczi
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Marlies Schönbacher
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Camilla Drexler-Helmberg
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Gabriel E. Wagner
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Anja Stoisser
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Barbara Kleinhappl
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Wolfgang R. Mayr
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Wasiluk T, Bujno M, Rybinska K, Rogowska A, Zebrowska A, Boczkowska-Radziwon B, Piszcz J, Bolkun L, Radziwon P. No increase in anti-A isohemagglutinin titer after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective cohort analysis of group O apheresis platelet donors. J Clin Apher 2021; 36:882-885. [PMID: 34590725 PMCID: PMC8646388 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The risk of a hemolytic reaction during the transfusion of ABO non‐identical PC is determined by the presence of natural anti‐A IgM antibodies, the titer of which may increase after infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the titer of anti‐A isohemagglutinins in platelet concentrate (PC) obtained by apheresis from group O donors who experienced SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and to compare the titer before and after infection. A retrospective single‐center analysis of 21 PC donors with a previous COVID‐19 history was performed. The results showed neither a statistically important increase in the anti‐A IgM antibody titers nor a significant correlation between the anti‐A IgM antibody level and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2S1 antibody titer in the donors with an asymptomatic or mild COVID‐19. Further population‐based studies on anti‐A titers are necessary for a comprehensive assessment of this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasiluk
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Rogowska
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Jaroslaw Piszcz
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bolkun
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|