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Ratanachamnong P, Phivthong-Ngam L, Namchaiw P. Daily White kwao krua dietary supplement alleviates LDL oxidative susceptibility, plasma LDL level and improves vasculature in a hypercholesterolemia rabbit model. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:496-503. [PMID: 32953566 PMCID: PMC7484953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM White kwao krua is an edible plant that grows in Southeast Asia. It is very rich in natural phytoestrogens. Previous clinical studies revealed that the use of White kwao krua as a hormone replacement therapy has beneficial effects on the lipid profile of menopause women. In this present study, we utilized the hypercholesterolemia rabbit model to demonstrate the effect of White kwao krua on the daily intake of high-fat diet. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE We induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits by feeding with high-fat diet (1% cholesterol-containing diet). The animals were maintained 12 weeks for the experimentation. The White kwao krua supplement was administered 100 mg/kg/day, and the effects were monitored comparing with Statins and turmeric. Blood was collected periodically to monitor the plasma cholesterol level and the oxidative susceptibility of isolated LDL-cholesterol. At the end of the experiment, the aorta was collected from the animal and performed endothelial-dependent relaxation and endothelial-independent relaxation assays. The relative ratio of intima to media layer was microscopically evaluated from hematoxylin/eosin-stained tissues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We showed that the White kwao krua supplement reduced LDL-cholesterol about 40% compared with high-fat diet consumption alone. Administration of White kwao krua had significantly prolonged the susceptibility of LDL-cholesterol to oxidation. Besides, it led to the improvement of vascular function by recovering endothelium-dependent relaxation and alleviating vascular structure impairment induced by high-fat dietary intake. Together, we suggest that White kwao krua should be used as a dietary supplement to reduce the atherogenesis in high-fat dietary consumption. SECTION Dietary therapy/nutrients supplements. TAXONOMY Inflammation, Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poommaree Namchaiw
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, Thailand
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Chen WM, Shaw LH, Chang PJ, Tung SY, Chang TS, Shen CH, Hsieh YY, Wei KL. Hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol against ethanol-induced oxidative stress through induction of superoxide dismutase in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1231-1238. [PMID: 27073428 PMCID: PMC4812565 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol (RSV) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in vivo, and investigate the underlying mechanisms by which RSV exerts its anti-oxidative effects on hepatic cells. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Untreated control, ethanol-treated, RSV-treated, and ethanol + RSV-treated. The plasma lipid profile, hepatic lipid accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed. HepG2 cells were used as a cellular model to analyze the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the RSV-mediated protection of ethanol-induced oxidative stress. In C57BL/6J mice, ethanol caused a significant increase in plasma triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation (P<0.05), whereas RSV notably increased SOD activity. In HepG2 cells, SOD activity was enhanced in the RSV-treated HepG2 cells, whereas the activity of CAT and GPx was not affected. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that RSV significantly increased SOD protein and mRNA expression levels (P<0.05). Using a transient transfection assay, PPARγ was observed to participate in the regulation of SOD gene expression in RSV-administered HepG2 cells. To conclude, the results from the present study suggest that RSV may contribute towards the protection of hepatic cells from ethanol-induced oxidative stress via the induction of SOD activity and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lee-Hsin Shaw
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chein-Heng Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Liang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Belba A, Cortelazzo A, Andrea G, Durante J, Nigi L, Dotta F, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Leoncini R, Guerranti R, Ponchietti R. Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: Association with the impairment of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:70-8. [PMID: 26500005 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that exists an association of non-diabetic and diabetic patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED) with lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. DESIGN AND METHODS Clinical and laboratory characteristics in non-diabetic (n = 30, middle age range: 41–55.5 years; n = 25, old age range: 55.5–73), diabetic ED patients (n = 30, age range: 55.5–75 years) and diabetic patients (n = 25, age range: 56–73.25), were investigated. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins and to evaluate their oxidative posttranslational modifications. RESULTS A decreased level of high-density lipoproteins in all ED patients (P < 0.001, C.I. 0.046–0.10), was detected by routine laboratory tests. Proteomic analysis showed a significant decreased expression (P < 0.05) of 5 apolipoproteins (i.e. apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein A4, apolipoprotein J, apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein A1) and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, 50% of which are more oxidized proteins. Exclusively for diabetic ED patients, oxidative posttranslational modifications for prealbumin, serum albumin, serum transferrin and haptoglobin markedly increased. CONCLUSIONS Showing evidence for decreased expression of apolipoproteins in ED and the remarkable enhancement of oxidative posttranslational modifications in diabetes-associated ED, considering type 2 diabetes mellitus and age as independent risk factors involved in the ED pathogenesis, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress appear to exert a complex interplay in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arben Belba
- Urological and Andrological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortelazzo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giansanti Andrea
- Urological and Andrological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Durante
- Urological and Andrological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerranti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Ponchietti
- Urological and Andrological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
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Chiang AN, Wu HL, Yeh HI, Chu CS, Lin HC, Lee WC. Antioxidant effects of black rice extract through the induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Lipids 2006; 41:797-803. [PMID: 17120934 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our ex vivo study revealed that BRE had significantly stronger ability to inhibit LDL oxidation than white rice extract (WRE). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether black rice extract (BRE) supplementation might ameliorate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in HepG2 cells and in C57BL/6 mice. In the cellular study, superoxide anions (O2*-) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the BRE group were significantly suppressed. The BRE group also showed significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities by 161.6% and 73.4%, respectively. The major components responsible for the free-radical-scavenging and antioxidative properties might be cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride and peonidin-3-O-glucuside chloride. In the animal study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (control, BRE, and WRE). Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher, and thiobarbituric, acid-reactive substances were significantly lower in the BRE group, whereas plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were not affected by BRE supplementation. Increased hepatic SOD and CAT activities were observed in BRE-treated mice as compared to the control mice. However, no changes were detected for the protein expression of antioxidant enzymes by Western blot analysis. Our data suggest that antioxidative effects exerted by BRE are mediated through decreases in free-radical generation as well as increases in SOD and CAT activities both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee WS, Baek YI, Kim JR, Cho KH, Sok DE, Jeong TS. Antioxidant activities of a new lignan and a neolignan from Saururus chinensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5623-8. [PMID: 15482936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new diarylbutane lignan, 2'-hydroxy dihydroguaiaretic acid (4), and a known 8-O-4'-type neolignan, machilin D (5), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the underground parts of Saururus chinensis. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-antioxidant activity in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay (4: IC(50)=3.3 microM and 5: IC(50)=3.8 microM), the lag time of conjugated diene production, the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of ox-LDL, the apoB-100 fragmentation on copper-mediated LDL oxidation and the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation, and radical DPPH scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Song Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oun, Yusong, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Mabile L, Lefebvre C, Lavigne J, Boulet L, Davignon J, Lussier-Cacan S, Bernier L. Secreted apolipoprotein E reduces macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation in an isoform-dependent way. J Cell Biochem 2004; 90:766-76. [PMID: 14587032 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As an inflammatory cell, the macrophage produces various oxidizing agents, such as free radical species. These can modify LDL as a secondary effect and doing so may favor atherogenic processes. Any molecule able to counteract these reactions would be of much benefit, especially if secreted by the macrophage itself at the lesion site. Such is the case for apolipoprotein E (apoE), which has been shown to exert antioxidant properties in some studies, mostly in relation to Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant potential of the various isoforms of apoE (E2, E3, and E4) using a metal-induced LDL oxidation system with exogenous recombinant apoE and an in vitro model of macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. We found that all three isoforms had an antioxidant capacity. However, whereas apoE2 was the most protective isoform in the cell-free system, the opposite was observed in apoE-transfected J774 macrophages. In the latter model, cellular cholesterol efflux was found to be more important with apoE2, possibly explaining the larger quantity of oxidative indices observed in the medium. It is proposed that the antioxidant property of apoE results from a balance between direct apoE antioxidant capacities, such as the ability to trap free radicals, and potentially pro-oxidative indirect events associated with cholesterol efflux from cells. Our observations add to the therapeutic potential of apoE. However, they also suggest the need for more experiments in order to achieve careful selection of the apoE isoform to be targeted, especially in the perspective of apoE transgene use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mabile
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jeong TS, Kim KS, Kim JR, Cho KH, Lee S, Lee WS. Novel 3,5-diaryl pyrazolines and pyrazole as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2719-23. [PMID: 15125921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 4a-j and 5 were synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3a-j and hydrazine and showed significant LDL-antioxidant activities in the TBARS assay, the lag time of conjugated diene production, the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of ox-LDL, the apoB-100 fragmentation, and the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. Among compounds 4a-j and 5, 4a was found to be the most active compound as an inhibitor of LDL oxidation and 4a (IC50 = 0.1 microM) was 6-fold more potent than probucol (IC50 = 0.6 microM) in the TBARS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sook Jeong
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
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Kirschbaum B. Correlation Studies of Plasma Paraoxonase Activity and Uric Acid Concentration with AAPH-Induced Erythrocyte Hemolysis in Hemodialysis Patients. Artif Organs 2004; 28:259-64. [PMID: 15046624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.47294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid possesses antioxidant properties and is an important determinant of total plasma antioxidant capacity. Uric acid concentrations tend to be elevated in patients with renal failure requiring maintenance hemodialysis but are abruptly reduced by the dialysis procedure itself. Paraoxonase (PON1), an enzyme which circulates in association with high density lipoprotein (HDL), confers protection against free radicals by limiting the oxidation of phospholipids. The relationship between pre- and postdialysis uric acid concentration, PON1 activity, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and the resistance of erythrocytes from hemodialysis patients to hemolysis induced by the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was studied. Red cells were washed free of plasma prior to the assay, and no plasma was added to the hemolysis assay tubes. Postdialysis erythrocytes were found to be more susceptible to hemolysis compared to blood samples obtained at the initiation of the session (784 +/- 713 vs. 256 +/- 256 micro mol/L hemoglobin released after 60 min incubation and 1530 +/- 696 vs. 1354 +/- 757 micro mol/L at 90 min). Hemolysis correlated negatively with the concentration of uric acid and positively with PON1 arylesterase activity but not with HDL-C level in the corresponding plasma samples. There was a strong negative correlation between uric acid and PON1 in predialysis blood samples (r2 = 0.4, P < 0.001). The conclusion is that the reciprocal relationship between uric acid and PON1 may reflect a mechanism that protects erythrocytes from subsequent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Kirschbaum
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Perrella J, Berco M, Cecutti A, Gerulath A, Bhavnani BR. Potential role of the interaction between equine estrogens, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the prevention of coronary heart and neurodegenerative diseases in postmenopausal women. Lipids Health Dis 2003; 2:4. [PMID: 12848896 PMCID: PMC194865 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 06/20/2003] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse relationship between the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been reported. In contrast, oxidized HDL (oHDL) has been shown to induce neuronal death and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD. In the present study we have investigated a: the effect of various equine estrogens on HDL oxidation, b: the inhibition of LDL oxidation by HDL and c: the effect of these estrogens on LDL oxidation in the presence of HDL. RESULTS All 11 equine estrogens tested protected the HDL from oxidation in a concentration dependant manner. Equilenin, 17beta-dihydroequilenin, and 17alpha-dihydroequilenin (Delta6-8-estrogens) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of HDL oxidation. Some of the novel ring B unsaturated estrogens were 2.5 to 4 times more potent inhibitors of HDL oxidation than 17beta-estradiol. HDL was found to delay LDL oxidation. The protection of LDL oxidation by HDL is enhanced by the addition of estrogen, with equilenin being again more potent than 17beta-estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Equine estrogens can differentially inhibit the oxidation of HDL with the Delta6-8-estrogens being the most potent antioxidants. The ability of estrogens to enhance HDL's antioxidant activity is to our knowledge the first report of an interaction of estrogen with HDL that results in the delay or inhibition of LDL oxidation. This may be another mechanism by which estrogens may reduce the risk of CHD and neurodegenerative diseases in healthy and younger postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Perrella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA – M5B 1W8
| | - Mauricio Berco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA – M5B 1W8
| | - Anthony Cecutti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA – M5B 1W8
| | - Alan Gerulath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA – M5B 1W8
| | - Bhagu R Bhavnani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA – M5B 1W8
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