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De Lazari MGT, Viana CTR, Pereira LX, Orellano LAA, Ulrich H, Andrade SP, Campos PP. Sodium butyrate attenuates peritoneal fibroproliferative process in mice. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:146-157. [PMID: 36459573 PMCID: PMC10103766 DOI: 10.1113/ep090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Peritoneal injury can result in a persistent fibroproliferative process in the abdominal cavity, causing pain and loss of function of internal organs. This study aimed to demonstrate the use of sodium butyrate (NaBu) as a potential agent to attenuate peritoneal fibrosis induced by a synthetic matrix. What is the main finding and its importance? Our findings provide the first evidence that NaBu attenuates the inflammatory, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis axes involved in the formation of peritoneal fibrovascular tissue, indicating the potential of this compound to ameliorate peritoneal fibrosis. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the bio-efficacy of sodium butyrate (NaBu) on preventing the development of peritoneal fibrovascular tissue induced by implantation of a synthetic matrix in the abdominal cavity. Polyether-polyurethane sponge discs were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice, which were treated daily with oral administration of NaBu (100 mg/kg). Control animals received water (100 μl). After 7 days, the implants were removed for assessment of inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic markers. Compared with control values, NaBu treatment decreased mast cell recruitment/activation, inflammatory enzyme activities, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the proteins p65 and p50 of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Angiogenesis, as determined by haemoglobin content, vascular endothelial growth factor levels and the number of blood vessels in the implant, was reduced by the treatment. In NaBu-treated animals, the predominant collagen present in the abdominal fibrovascular tissue was thin collagen, whereas in control implants it was thick collagen. Transforming growth factor-β1 levels were also lower in implants of treated animals. Sodium butyrate downregulated the inflammatory, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis axes of the fibroproliferative tissue induced by the intraperitoneal synthetic matrix. This compound has potential to control/regulate chronic inflammation and adverse healing processes in the abdominal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Xavier Pereira
- Department of Experimental PathologyUniversidade Federal de São João del‐ReiDivinópolisMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General PathologyInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
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Biondo-Simões MDELP, Dall'antonia MO, Goehr MP, Biondo-Simões R, Ioshii SO, Robes RR. Valproic acid and bladder healing: an experimental study in rats. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022; 49:e20223399. [PMID: 36449944 PMCID: PMC10578821 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to recognize the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an epigenetic drug, on the bladder healing process, in rats. METHOD twenty male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: experimental (A), treated with VPA (150mg/Kg/day), and control (B) with 0.9% sodium chloridrate. Healing was analyzed on the third and seventh days, evaluating the inflammatory reaction, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. RESULTS inflammatory reaction on the third day was minimal and acute in both groups. On the seventh day, it was subacute in both groups, moderate intensity in group A and minimal in group B (p=0.0476). Collagen III intensity, marked by immunohistochemistry, was similar in both groups. Collagen I intensity on the third day was similar in both groups, but on the seventh day it was higher in experimental than control (p=0.0476). Collagen evaluation by picrosiriusred allowed to verify that the presence of collagen III was similar in both groups (p=0.3312) on the third day, and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Collagen I showed similarity on the third day (p=0.3100), and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Vessel marked with anti-SMA counting showed fewer vessels on the third (p=0.0034) and seventh day (p=0.0087) in experimental group. The lower intensity of angiogenesis was confirmed with anti-CD34, on the third day (p=0,0006) and on the seventh day (p=0,0072). CONCLUSION VPA determined alterations in the bladder healing process, in rats, with lower collagen density and less angiogenic activity, but without compromising the integrity of the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Prince Goehr
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rachel Biondo-Simões
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica - Departamento de Cirurgia - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Sérgio Ossamu Ioshii
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia da UFPR - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rogério Ribeiro Robes
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
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Rectal administration of butyrate ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice through induction of hepatocyte growth factor in the colon via the HDAC-PPARγ pathway. Life Sci 2022; 309:120972. [PMID: 36116532 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, given by oral administration or in drinking water, has been shown to improve experimental pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice despite of very low bioavailability. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics disconnection attracts us to explore its anti-PF mechanism in view of the intestinal expression of anti-PF factors. In bleomycin-induced PF in mice, rectal administration of butyrate (500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant anti-PF effect, with a maximum plasma concentration largely lower than the minimum effective concentration (1 mM) at which butyrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by lung epithelial cells and the production of extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. The rectal administration of butyrate significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the colons of PF mice, but showed no significant effect on the mRNA expression of HGF in the small intestines, lungs and livers. In colon epithelial cells, the monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC) abrogated butyrate-induced expression of HGF, indicating that butyrate functions through entering into cells. Butyrate showed no significant effect on the histone acetylation in the promoter region of HGF, suggesting that it promotes HGF expression not by directly affecting the histone deacetylation of HGF but by other pathways. GW9662, the inhibitor of PPARγ, significantly attenuated the effect of butyrate to promote the mRNA expression of HGF. Butyrate was able to enhance the acetylation of PPARγ, and a targeted mutation of lysine at the position 240 (K240) of PPARγ markedly diminished the induction of butyrate on HGF expression, suggesting that butyrate promoted HGF expression in colon epithelial cells by upregulating PPARγ K240 acetylation. In summary, rectal administration of butyrate promotes the expression of HGF in colonic epithelial cells through upregulating PPARγ acetylation via inhibition of HDAC activity. The findings of the present study provide a reasonable explanation for the anti-PF action mode of butyrate based on the 'lung-gut axis', and found that intestine-derived butyrate and HGF may be involved in the modulation of the occurrence and progression of PF.
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Collagen Remodeling along Cancer Progression Providing a Novel Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810509. [PMID: 36142424 PMCID: PMC9502421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a significant factor in cancer progression. Collagens, as the main component of the ECM, are greatly remodeled alongside cancer development. More and more studies have confirmed that collagens changed from a barrier to providing assistance in cancer development. In this course, collagens cause remodeling alongside cancer progression, which in turn, promotes cancer development. The interaction between collagens and tumor cells is complex with biochemical and mechanical signals intervention through activating diverse signal pathways. As the mechanism gradually clears, it becomes a new target to find opportunities to diagnose and treat cancer. In this review, we investigated the process of collagen remodeling in cancer progression and discussed the interaction between collagens and cancer cells. Several typical effects associated with collagens were highlighted in the review, such as fibrillation in precancerous lesions, enhancing ECM stiffness, promoting angiogenesis, and guiding invasion. Then, the values of cancer diagnosis and prognosis were focused on. It is worth noting that several generated fragments in serum were reported to be able to be biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which is beneficial for clinic detection. At a glance, a variety of reported biomarkers were summarized. Many collagen-associated targets and drugs have been reported for cancer treatment in recent years. The new targets and related drugs were discussed in the review. The mass data were collected and classified by mechanism. Overall, the interaction of collagens and tumor cells is complicated, in which the mechanisms are not completely clear. A lot of collagen-associated biomarkers are excavated for cancer diagnosis. However, new therapeutic targets and related drugs are almost in clinical trials, with merely a few in clinical applications. So, more efforts are needed in collagens-associated studies and drug development for cancer research and treatment.
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Bora V, Patel D, Johar K, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Systemic study of selected histone deacetylase inhibitors in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:240-251. [PMID: 34614370 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is mainly characterized by wasting of skeletal muscles and fat and body weight loss, along with severe complications of major organs like liver, heart, brain and bone. There can be diminishing performance of these major organs as cancer cachexia progresses, one such drastic effect on the cardiac system. In the present study, differential effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia is studied. Two models were used to induce cancer cachexia: B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and Lewis lung carcinoma cell - induced cancer cachexia. Potential of Class I HDACi entinostat, Class II HDACi MC1568, and nonspecific HDACi sodium butyrate on cardiac complications were evaluated using the cardiac hypertrophy markers, hemodynamic markers, and cardiac markers along with histopathological evaluation of heart sections by Periodic acid-Schiff staining, Masson's trichrome staining, Picro-sirius red staining, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry evaluation by vimentin and caspase 3 protein expression was evaluated. Entinostat showed promising results by attenuating the cardiac complications, and MC1568 treatment further exacerbated the cardiac complications, while non-conclusive effect were recorded after treatment with sodium butyrate. This study will be helpful in evaluating other HDACi for potential in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
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Shi R, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Xiong X, Zhang J, Xu J, Sy MS, Li C. Targeting Type I Collagen for Cancer Treatment. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:665-683. [PMID: 35225360 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Interactions between tumor cells and collagen influence every step of tumor development. Type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix and is frequently up-regulated during tumorigenesis. The binding of type I collagen to its receptors on tumor cells promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Type I collagen also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, type I collagen fragments are diagnostic markers of metastatic tumors and have prognostic value. Inhibition of type I collagen synthesis has been reported to have anti-tumor effects in animal models. However, collagen has also been shown to possess anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the roles that type I collagen plays in tumor biology are complex and tumor type-dependent. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of synthesis of type I collagen, as well as the role up-regulated type I collagen plays in various stages of cancer progression. We also discuss the role of collagen in tumor therapy. Finally, we highlight several recent approaches targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankai Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiong
- Department of Operating Room, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
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BIONDO-SIMÕES MARIADELOURDESPESSOLE, DALL’ANTONIA MOACIROLIVEIRA, GOEHR MATHEUSPRINCE, BIONDO-SIMÕES RACHEL, IOSHII SÉRGIOOSSAMU, ROBES ROGÉRIORIBEIRO. Ácido valpróico e cicatrização em bexiga: estudo experimental em ratos. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: reconhecer os efeitos do ácido valpróico (VPA), uma droga epigenética, no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos. Método: vinte ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental (A), utilizando VPA (150mg/Kg/dia), e controle (B), tratados com cloreto de sódio 0,9% por gavagem. A cicatrização da bexiga foi analisada no terceiro e sétimo dia, estudando-se a reação inflamatória, síntese de colágeno, reepitelização e angiogênese. Resultados: a reação inflamatória no terceiro dia foi mínima e aguda em ambos os grupos. No sétimo dia, foi subaguda em ambos os grupos com intensidade moderada no grupo A e mínima no grupo B (p=0,0476). A intensidade do colágeno III, marcada pela imuno-histoquímica, foi semelhante nos dois grupos, nos dois tempos estudados. A intensidade de colágeno I no terceiro dia foi semelhante nos dois grupos, e maior no sétimo dia no grupo experimental (p=0,0476). A avaliação do colágeno pelo picrosiriusred mostrou que a presença de colágeno III foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (p=0,3312) no terceiro dia, e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). O colágeno I foi semelhante no terceiro dia (p=0,3100), e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). A contagem de vasos marcados pelo anti-SMA mostrou menos vasos no terceiro (p=0,0034) e sétimo dia (p=0,0087) no grupo experimental, confirmado pelo anti-CD34, no terceiro (p=00006) e no sétimo dia (p=0,0072). Conclusão: o VPA determinou alterações no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos, com menor densidade de colágeno e menor atividade angiogênica, mas sem comprometer a integridade do órgão.
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Carlisle RE, Farooqi S, Zhang MC, Liu S, Lu C, Phan A, Brimble E, Dickhout JG. Inhibition of histone deacetylation with vorinostat does not prevent tunicamycin-mediated acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260519. [PMID: 34847196 PMCID: PMC8631648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by various mechanisms, including antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cisplatin, and radiocontrast. Tunicamycin (TM) is a nucleoside antibiotic that induces ER stress and is a commonly used model of AKI. 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is a chemical chaperone and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been shown to protect the kidney from ER stress, apoptosis, and structural damage in a tunicamycin model of AKI. The renal protection provided by 4-PBA is attributed to its ability to prevent misfolded protein aggregation and inhibit ER stress; however, the HDAC inhibitor effects of 4-PBA have not been examined in the TM-induced model of AKI. As such, the main objective of this study was to determine if histone hyperacetylation provides any protective effects against TM-mediated AKI. The FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat was used, as it has no ER stress inhibitory effects and therefore the histone hyperacetylation properties alone could be investigated. In vitro work demonstrated that vorinostat inhibited histone deacetylation in cultured proximal tubular cells but did not prevent ER stress or protein aggregation induced by TM. Vorinostat induced a significant increase in cell death, and exacerbated TM-mediated total cell death and apoptotic cell death. Wild type male mice were treated with TM (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), with or without vorinostat (50 mg/kg/day) or 4-PBA (1 g/kg/day). Mice treated with 4-PBA or vorinostat exhibited similar levels of histone hyperacetylation. Expression of the pro-apoptotic protein CHOP was induced with TM, and not inhibited by vorinostat. Further, vorinostat did not prevent any renal damage or decline in renal function caused by tunicamycin. These data suggest that the protective mechanisms found by 4-PBA are primarily due to its molecular chaperone properties, and the HDAC inhibitors used did not provide any protection against renal injury caused by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Carlisle
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salwa Farooqi
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Chan Zhang
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Liu
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy Phan
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Brimble
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Karoor V, Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Verin A, Umapathy NS, Dempsey EC, Frank DN, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9916. [PMID: 34576081 PMCID: PMC8467617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder in which local vascular inflammation leads to increased pulmonary vascular remodeling and ultimately to right heart failure. The HDAC inhibitor butyrate, a product of microbial fermentation, is protective in inflammatory intestinal diseases, but little is known regarding its effect on extraintestinal diseases, such as PH. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that butyrate is protective in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of hypoxic PH. Treatment with butyrate (220 mg/kg intake) prevented hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and permeability. A reversal effect of butyrate (2200 mg/kg intake) was observed on elevated RVH. Butyrate treatment also increased the acetylation of histone H3, 25-34 kDa, and 34-50 kDa proteins in the total lung lysates of butyrate-treated animals. In addition, butyrate decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of alveolar (mostly CD68+) and interstitial (CD68+ and CD163+) lung macrophages. Analysis of cytokine profiles in lung tissue lysates showed a hypoxia-induced upregulation of TIMP-1, CINC-1, and Fractalkine and downregulation of soluble ICAM (sICAM). The expression of Fractalkine and VEGFα, but not CINC-1, TIMP-1, and sICAM was downregulated by butyrate. In rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVEC), butyrate (1 mM, 2 and 24 h) exhibited a protective effect against TNFα- and LPS-induced barrier disruption. Butyrate (1 mM, 24 h) also upregulated tight junctional proteins (occludin, cingulin, claudin-1) and increased the acetylation of histone H3 but not α-tubulin. These findings provide evidence of the protective effect of butyrate on hypoxic PH and suggest its potential use as a complementary treatment for PH and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
| | - Nagavedi S. Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
- Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA;
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Duangchan T, Tawonsawatruk T, Angsanuntsukh C, Trachoo O, Hongeng S, Kitiyanant N, Supokawej A. Amelioration of osteogenesis in iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis imperfecta patients by endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. Life Sci 2021; 278:119628. [PMID: 34015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder primarily caused by mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, which encode type I collagen. These mutations affect the quantity and/or quality of collagen composition in bones, leading to bone fragility. Currently, there is still a lack of treatment that addresses disease-causing factors due to an insufficient understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved. MAIN METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from OI patients with glycine substitution mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 and developed into mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs). OI-derived iPS-MSCs underwent in vitro osteogenic induction to study cell growth, osteogenic differentiation capacity, mRNA expression of osteogenic and unfolded protein response (UPR) markers and apoptosis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) were examined after treatment of OI iPS-MSCs during osteogenesis. KEY FINDINGS OI-derived iPS-MSCs exhibited decreased cell growth and impaired osteogenic differentiation and collagen expression. Expression of UPR genes was increased, which led to an increase in apoptotic cell death. 4-PBA treatment decreased apoptotic cells and reduced expression of UPR genes, including HSPA5, XBP1, ATF4, DDIT3, and ATF6. Osteogenic phenotypes, including RUNX2, SPP1, BGLAP, and IBPS expression, as well as calcium mineralization, were also improved. SIGNIFICANCE MSCs differentiated from disease-specific iPSCs have utility as a disease model for identifying disease-specific treatments. In addition, the ER stress-associated UPR could be a pathogenic mechanism associated with OI. Treatment with 4-PBA alleviated OI pathogenesis by attenuating UPR markers and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinat Duangchan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chanika Angsanuntsukh
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Objoon Trachoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narisorn Kitiyanant
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Park HJ, Jeong OY, Chun SH, Cheon YH, Kim M, Kim S, Lee SI. Butyrate Improves Skin/Lung Fibrosis and Intestinal Dysbiosis in Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052765. [PMID: 33803282 PMCID: PMC7967124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Despite several studies on SSc treatments, effective treatments for SSc are still lacking. Since evidence suggests an association between intestinal microbiota and SSc, we focused on butyrate, which has beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases as a bacterial metabolite. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of sodium butyrate (SB) using a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model of SSc and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). SB attenuated bleomycin-induced dermal and lung fibrosis in mice. SB influenced fecal microbiota composition (phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, genera Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus_g2). SB controlled macrophage differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and bronchoalveolar lavage cells of mice with bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. Profibrotic and proinflammatory gene expression was suppressed by SB administration in skin. Furthermore, SB inhibited transforming growth factor β1-responsive proinflammatory expression with increased acetylation of histone 3 in HDFs. Subcutaneous SB application had antifibrogenic effects on the skin. Butyrate ameliorated skin and lung fibrosis by improving anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of SSc. Butyrate may exhibit indirect and direct anti-fibrogenic action on fibroblasts by regulating macrophage differentiation and inhibition of histone deacetylase 3. These findings suggest butyrate as an SSc treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Ok-Yi Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yun Hong Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Suhee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.-I.L.)
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.J.P.); (O.-Y.J.); (S.H.C.); (Y.H.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.-I.L.)
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12
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Hosen MJ, Hasan M, Chakraborty S, Abir RA, Zubaer A, Coucke P. Comprehensive in silico Study of GLUT10: Prediction of Possible Substrate Binding Sites and Interacting Molecules. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:117-130. [PMID: 31203799 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190613152030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and stenosis of the arteries with a propensity towards aneurysm formation and dissection. It is caused by mutations in the SLC2A10 gene that encodes the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10. The molecules transported by and interacting with GLUT10 have still not been unambiguously identified. Hence, the study attempts to identify both the substrate binding site of GLUT10 and the molecules interacting with this site. METHODS As High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of GLUT10 was not available, 3D homology model of GLUT10 in open conformation was constructed. Further, molecular docking and bioinformatics investigation were employed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Blind docking of nine reported potential in vitro substrates with this 3D homology model revealed that substrate binding site is possibly made with PRO531, GLU507, GLU437, TRP432, ALA506, LEU519, LEU505, LEU433, GLN525, GLN510, LYS372, LYS373, SER520, SER124, SER533, SER504, SER436 amino acid residues. Virtual screening of all metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database and muscle metabolites from Human Metabolite Database (HMDB) against the GLUT10 revealed possible substrates and interacting molecules for GLUT10, which were found to be involved directly or partially in ATS progression or different arterial disorders. Reported mutation screening revealed that a highly emergent point mutation (c. 1309G>A, p. Glu437Lys) is located in the predicted substrate binding site region. CONCLUSION Virtual screening expands the possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with GLUT10 and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to ATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet- 3100, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ruhshan A Abir
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Zubaer
- CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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13
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Maniar K, Singh V, Moideen A, Bhattacharyya R, Chakrabarti A, Banerjee D. Inhalational supplementation of metformin butyrate: A strategy for prevention and cure of various pulmonary disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:495-506. [PMID: 30114633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic lung diseases such as cancer, asthma, COPD and pulmonary hypertension remains unsatisfactory till date, and several strategies are being tried to control the same. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetic drug has shown promising effects in pre-clinical studies and has been subject to several trials in patients with debilitating pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical evidence for the use of metformin in these conditions is disappointing. Recent observations suggest that metformin use in diabetic patients is associated with an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome. Butyrate, similar to metformin, shows beneficial effects in pathological conditions found in pulmonary diseases. Further, the pharmacokinetic data of metformin suggests that metformin is predominantly concentrated in the gut, even after absorption. Butyrate, on the other hand, has a short half-life and thus oral supplementation of butyrate and metformin is unlikely to result in high concentrations of these drugs in the lung. In this paper, we review the pre-clinical studies of metformin and butyrate pertaining to pathologies commonly encountered in chronic lung diseases and underscore the need to administer these drugs directly to the lung via the inhalational route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Maniar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amal Moideen
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Rajasri Bhattacharyya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India.
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14
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Kondo Y, Fu J, Wang H, Hoover C, McDaniel JM, Steet R, Patra D, Song J, Pollard L, Cathey S, Yago T, Wiley G, Macwana S, Guthridge J, McGee S, Li S, Griffin C, Furukawa K, James JA, Ruan C, McEver RP, Wierenga KJ, Gaffney PM, Xia L. Site-1 protease deficiency causes human skeletal dysplasia due to defective inter-organelle protein trafficking. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121596. [PMID: 30046013 PMCID: PMC6124414 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-1 protease (S1P), encoded by MBTPS1, is a serine protease in the Golgi. S1P regulates lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, and lysosome biogenesis in mice and in cultured cells. However, how S1P differentially regulates these diverse functions in humans has been unclear. In addition, no human disease with S1P deficiency has been identified. Here, we report a pediatric patient with an amorphic and a severely hypomorphic mutation in MBTPS1. The unique combination of these mutations results in a frequency of functional MBTPS1 transcripts of approximately 1%, a finding that is associated with skeletal dysplasia and elevated blood lysosomal enzymes. We found that the residually expressed S1P is sufficient for lipid homeostasis but not for ER and lysosomal functions, especially in chondrocytes. The defective S1P function specifically impairs activation of the ER stress transducer BBF2H7, leading to ER retention of collagen in chondrocytes. S1P deficiency also causes abnormal secretion of lysosomal enzymes due to partial impairment of mannose-6-phosphate-dependent delivery to lysosomes. Collectively, these abnormalities lead to apoptosis of chondrocytes and lysosomal enzyme-mediated degradation of the bone matrix. Correction of an MBTPS1 variant or reduction of ER stress mitigated collagen-trafficking defects. These results define a new congenital human skeletal disorder and, more importantly, reveal that S1P is particularly required for skeletal development in humans. Our findings may also lead to new therapies for other genetic skeletal diseases, as ER dysfunction is common in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura Pollard
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Cathey
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Graham Wiley
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel Guthridge
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Judith A James
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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15
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Torii K, Maeshige N, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Miyoshi M, Terashi H, Usami M. Combination therapy with butyrate and docosahexaenoic acid for keloid fibrogenesis: an in vitro study. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:184-190. [PMID: 28538876 PMCID: PMC5429102 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A single, effective therapeutic regimen for keloids has not been established yet, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches is expected. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, play multiple anti-inflammatory and anticancer roles via their respective mechanisms of action. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the antifibrogenic effects of their single and combined use on keloid fibroblasts. Methods: Keloid fibroblasts were treated with butyrate (0-16 mM) and/or DHA (0-100 µM) for 48 or 96 h. Results: Butyrate inhibited cell proliferation, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type III collagen expressions, with inhibition of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β type I receptor expressions and increased prostaglandin E2 with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 expression with induction of histone acetylation. DHA inhibited α-SMA, type III collagen, and TGF-β type I receptor expressions. Then, the butyrate/DHA combination augmented the antifibrogenic effects, resulting in additional inhibition of α-SMA, type I and III collagen expressions, with strong disruption of stress fiber and apoptosis induction. Moreover, the butyrate/DHA combination inhibited the cyclooxygenase-2 expression, suggesting stronger anti-inflammatory effect than each monotherapy. Study limitations: Activation in keloid tissue is affected not only by fibroblasts but also by epithelial cells and immune cells. Evaluation of the effects by butyrate and DHA in these cells or in an in vivo study is required. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that butyrate and docosahexaenoic acid have antifibrogenic effects on keloid fibroblasts and that these may exert therapeutic effects for keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Torii
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University - Kobe, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital - Kobe, Japan
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16
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Koga Y, Maeshige N, Tabuchi H, Uemura M, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Miyoshi M, Katakami C, Usami M. Suppression of fibrosis in human pterygium fibroblasts by butyrate and phenylbutyrate. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1337-1343. [PMID: 28944189 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antifibrogenic effects of butyrate or phenylbutyrate, a chemical derivative of butyrate, in human pterygium fibroblasts. METHODS Human pterygium fibroblasts obtained from patient pterygium tissue were treated with butyrate or phenylbutyrate for 48h. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, collagen III and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and acetylated histone was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS Butyrate inhibited α-smooth muscle actin, type III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expressions, and phenylbutyrate inhibited types I and III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expressions without changing cell viability as well as both of these increased histone acetylation. These results suggested that butyrate and phenylbutyrate suppress fibrosis through a mechanism involving histone deacetylase inhibitor. CONCLUSION This indicates that butyrate or phenylbutyrate have antifibrogenic effects in human pterygium fibroblasts and could be novel types of prophylactic and/or therapeutic drugs for pterygium, especially phenylbutyrate, which does not have the unpleasant smell associated with butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Koga
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tabuchi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mikiko Uemura
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Katakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Waku 68-1, Aboshi-ku, Himeji, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-2, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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17
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18
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Kutlu O, Karaguzel E, Gurgen SG, Okatan AE, Kutlu S, Bayraktar C, Kazaz IO, Eren H. Antifibrogenic role of valproic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat penis. Andrologia 2015; 48:453-63. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Kutlu
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - E. Karaguzel
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - S. G. Gurgen
- School of Vocational Health Service; Celal Bayar University; Manisa Turkey
| | - A. E. Okatan
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - S. Kutlu
- Department of Urology; Aydin State Hospital; Aydin Turkey
| | - C. Bayraktar
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - I. O. Kazaz
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - H. Eren
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
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19
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The therapeutic effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid in maintaining proteostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 61:45-52. [PMID: 25660369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing amount of literature published on the effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in various biological systems. 4-PBA is currently used clinically to treat urea cycle disorders under the trade name Buphenyl. Recent studies however have explored 4-PBA in the context of a low weight molecular weight chemical chaperone. Its properties as a chemical chaperone prevent misfolded protein aggregation and alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. As the ER is responsible for folding proteins targeted for use in membranes or secreted out of the cell, failure of maintaining adequate ER homeostasis may lead to protein misfolding and subsequent cell and organ pathology. Accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a molecular repair response. The activation of the UPR aims to restore ER and cellular proteostasis by regulating the rate of synthesis of newly formed proteins as well as initiating molecular programs aimed to help fold or degrade misfolded proteins. If proteostasis is not restored, the UPR may initiate pro-apoptotic pathways. It is suggested that 4-PBA may help fold proteins in the ER, attenuating the activation of the UPR, and thus potentially alleviating various pathologies. This review discusses the biomedical research exploring the potential therapeutic effects of 4-PBA in various in vitro and in vivo model systems and clinical trials, while also commenting on the possible mechanisms of action.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Urban
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Humeres C, Montenegro J, Varela M, Ayala P, Vivar R, Letelier A, Olmedo I, Catalán M, Rivas C, Baeza P, Muñoz C, García L, Lavandero S, Díaz-Araya G. 4-Phenylbutyric acid prevent cytotoxicity induced by thapsigargin in rat cardiac fibroblast. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1443-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Xiao W, Chen X, Liu X, Luo L, Ye S, Liu Y. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium cells. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:646-55. [PMID: 24456602 PMCID: PMC4000116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are the major pathological changes in development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which leads to severe visual impairment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs)-mediated epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in controlling various physiological and pathological events. However, whether HDACs are involved in the regulation of proliferation and EMT in PRE cells remains unidentified. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of HDAC family (18 genes) and found that some of class I and class II HDACs were up-regulated in transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2)/TGF-β1-stimulated RPE cells. Tricostatin A (TSA), a class I and II HDAC inhibitor, suppressed the proliferation of RPE cells by G1 phase cell cycle arrest through inhibition of cyclin/CDK/p-Rb and induction of p21 and p27. In the meantime, TSA strongly prevented TGF-β2-induced morphological changes and the up-regulation of α-SMA, collagen type I, collagen type IV, fibronectin, Snail and Slug. We also demonstrated that TSA affected not only the canonical Smad signalling pathway but also the non-canonical TGF-β/Akt, MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we found that the underlying mechanism of TSA affects EMT in RPE cells also through down-regulating the Jagged/Notch signalling pathway. Therefore, this study may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of PVR, and suggests that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitors may have therapeutic value in the prevention and treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Chen X, Xiao W, Chen W, Luo L, Ye S, Liu Y. The epigenetic modifier trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e884. [PMID: 24157878 PMCID: PMC3920942 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelium cells (LECs) may contribute to anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which are important causes of visual impairment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs)-mediated epigenetic mechanism has a central role in controlling cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cells and the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, whether HDACs are involved in the regulation of proliferation and EMT in LECs remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of HDAC family (18 genes) and found that class I and II HDACs were upregulated in transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)-induced EMT in human LEC lines SRA01/04 and HLEB3. Tricostatin A (TSA), a class I and II HDAC inhibitor, suppressed the proliferation of LECs by G1 phase cell cycle arrest not only through inhibition of cyclin/CDK complexes and induction of p21 and p27, but also inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways. Meanwhile, TSA strongly prevented TGFβ2-induced upregulation of fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type IV, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug. We also demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of TSA affects EMT in LECs through inhibiting the canonical TGFβ/Smad2 and the Jagged/Notch signaling pathways. Finally, we found that TSA completely prevented TGFβ2-induced ASC in the whole lens culture semi-in vivo model. Therefore, this study may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of ASC and PCO, and suggests that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of ASC, PCO and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
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Humphrey EL, Morris GE, Fuller HR. Valproate reduces collagen and osteonectin in cultured bone cells. Epilepsy Res 2013; 106:446-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zimmerman KA, Graham LV, Pallero MA, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin regulates transforming growth factor-β-stimulated extracellular matrix production. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14584-14598. [PMID: 23564462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.447243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an emerging factor in fibrotic disease, although precise mechanisms are not clear. Calreticulin (CRT) is an ER chaperone and regulator of Ca(2+) signaling up-regulated by ER stress and in fibrotic tissues. Previously, we showed that ER CRT regulates type I collagen transcript, trafficking, secretion, and processing into the extracellular matrix (ECM). To determine the role of CRT in ECM regulation under fibrotic conditions, we asked whether CRT modified cellular responses to the pro-fibrotic cytokine, TGF-β. These studies show that CRT-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and rat and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung fibroblasts with siRNA CRT knockdown had impaired TGF-β stimulation of type I collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, fibroblasts with increased CRT expression had enhanced responses to TGF-β. The lack of CRT does not impact canonical TGF-β signaling as TGF-β was able to stimulate Smad reporter activity in CRT-/- MEFs. CRT regulation of TGF-β-stimulated Ca(2+) signaling is important for induction of ECM. CRT-/- MEFs failed to increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels in response to TGF-β. NFAT activity is required for ECM stimulation by TGF-β. In CRT-/- MEFs, TGF-β stimulation of NFAT nuclear translocation and reporter activity is impaired. Importantly, CRT is required for TGF-β stimulation of ECM under conditions of ER stress, as tunicamycin-induced ER stress was insufficient to induce ECM production in TGF-β stimulated CRT-/- MEFs. Together, these data identify CRT-regulated Ca(2+)-dependent pathways as a critical molecular link between ER stress and TGF-β fibrotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019
| | - Lauren V Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019
| | - Manuel A Pallero
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019
| | - Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019.
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Van Beneden K, Mannaerts I, Pauwels M, Van den Branden C, van Grunsven LA. HDAC inhibitors in experimental liver and kidney fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2013; 6:1. [PMID: 23281659 PMCID: PMC3564760 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been extensively studied in experimental models of cancer, where their inhibition of deacetylation has been proven to regulate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This in turn has led to the use of a variety of HDAC inhibitors in clinical trials. In recent years the applicability of HDAC inhibitors in other areas of disease has been explored, including the treatment of fibrotic disorders. Impaired wound healing involves the continuous deposition and cross-linking of extracellular matrix governed by myofibroblasts leading to diseases such as liver and kidney fibrosis; both diseases have high unmet medical needs which are a burden on health budgets worldwide. We provide an overview of the potential use of HDAC inhibitors against liver and kidney fibrosis using the current understanding of these inhibitors in experimental animal models and in vitro models of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Beneden
- Department of Human Anatomy, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Department of Cell Biology, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Pauwels
- Department of Human Anatomy, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Department of Cell Biology, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Scarpa M, Stylianou E. Epigenetics: Concepts and relevance to IBD pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1982-96. [PMID: 22407855 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to introduce the exciting field of epigenetics and to describe how it could explain the mechanisms by which environmental changes induce pathological gene expression and determine cell phenotype and function in IBD. We outline how epigenetics research in the context of a variety of clinical conditions, but mainly in cancer, has begun to define the role of multiple combinations of modifications to chromatin, diverse families of enzymes, and non-coding RNAs in determining transcriptional outcomes. These findings are applicable to understanding the context-specific events that underlie the expression of genes in diseases like IBD and have the potential to reveal new targets for improved IBD therapy. The current status of epigenetics-based therapies is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Scarpa
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Chung CL, Sheu JR, Chen WL, Chou YC, Hsiao CJ, Hsiao SH, Hsu MJ, Cheng YW, Hsiao G. Histone deacetylase inhibitor m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide attenuates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:437-45. [PMID: 22033265 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0118oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), primarily up-regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, is essential in the development of fibrosis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was shown to modulate gene expression and fibrogenesis in various tissues. However, the implications of HDAC in terms of PAI-1 expression and pleural fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide (CBHA), a hybrid-polar HDAC inhibitor, on the TGF-β1-induced expression of PAI-1 in a human pleural mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A). MeT-5A cells were treated with TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of CBHA. We assayed the expression and stability of PAI-1 mRNA and protein, PAI-1 promoter activity, the activation of Smad signaling, the protein-protein interactions of Smads with transcriptional cofactors Sp1 and coactivator p300, and the expression of the mRNA-stabilizing protein nucleolin. The results indicate that CBHA significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression, and attenuated PAI-1 promoter activity in MeT-5A cells. CBHA abrogated TGF-β1-induced Smad4 nuclear translocation, but not Smad2/3 activation. Furthermore, the association of Smad4 with p300, but not with Sp1, was disrupted by CBHA. Alternatively, CBHA suppressed TGF-β1-induced nucleolin expression, and thereby destabilized PAI-1 mRNA and decreased PAI-1 protein concentrations. These findings suggest that the inhibition of HDAC activity by CBHA may attenuate PAI-1 expression through the modulation of cellular signaling at multiple levels. Given the down-regulating effect of CBHA on PAI-1 expression, HDAC inhibitors should be tested further in animal models as potential therapeutic agents for pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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Ayala P, Montenegro J, Vivar R, Letelier A, Urroz PA, Copaja M, Pivet D, Humeres C, Troncoso R, Vicencio JM, Lavandero S, Díaz-Araya G. Attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress using the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid prevents cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 92:97-104. [PMID: 22101259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in various diseases. In the human heart, ischemia/reperfusion has been correlated to ER stress, and several markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) participate during cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we used isoproterenol (ISO) injection as a model for in vivo cardiac fibrosis. ISO induced significant cardiomyocyte loss and collagen deposition in the damaged areas of the endocardium. These responses were accompanied by an increase in the protein levels of the luminal ER chaperones BIP and PDI, as well as an increase in the UPR effector CHOP. The use of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) prevented the activation of the UPR, the increase in luminal chaperones and also, leads to decreased collagen deposition, cardiomyocyte loss into the damaged zones. Our results suggest that cardiac damage and fibrosis induced in vivo by the beta-adrenergic agonist ISO are tightly related to ER stress signaling pathways, and that increasing the ER luminal folding capacity with exogenously administrated 4-PBA is a powerful strategy for preventing the development of cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, 4-PBA might prevent the loss of cardiomyocytes. Our data suggests that the attenuation of ER stress pathways with pharmacological compounds such as the chemical chaperone 4-PBA can prevent the development of cardiac fibrosis and adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayala
- FONDAP CEMC, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Fuller HR, Man NT, Lam LT, Shamanin VA, Androphy EJ, Morris GE. Valproate and Bone Loss: iTRAQ Proteomics Show that Valproate Reduces Collagens and Osteonectin in SMA Cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4228-33. [DOI: 10.1021/pr1005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R. Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
| | - Nguyen Thi Man
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
| | - Le Thanh Lam
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
| | - Vladimir A. Shamanin
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
| | - Elliot J. Androphy
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
| | - Glenn E. Morris
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 328, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-2324
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Brooks WW, Shen S, Conrad CH, Goldstein RH, Deng LL, Bing OHL. Transcriptional changes associated with recovery from heart failure in the SHR. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:390-401. [PMID: 20547165 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify biological pathways associated with myocardial recovery from heart failure (HF), gene profiling and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were examined in left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats with HF (SHR-F) with no treatment, following treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, and treatment with captopril combined with the short chain fatty acid derivative phenylbutyrate. Failing hearts demonstrated depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, while ventricular volume and mass increased. Captopril treatment alone prevented further deterioration but did not improve myocardial function; relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed relative to untreated SHR-F. Gene sets identified by GSEA as downregulated with captopril treatment compared to SHR-F group included those related to hypoxia and reactive oxygen species, while upregulated gene sets included G protein signaling. Treatment with phenylbutyrate alone did not improve survival (no animals in this group survived the 30 day treatment period), while phenylbutyrate combined with captopril increased survival and significantly improved cardiac function in vivo and in vitro. Normalized microarray data identified 780 genes that demonstrated a combined treatment effect of which 258 genes were modified with HF. Fatty acid metabolism and ion transport were among the most significantly upregulated pathways in the combined treatment group compared to untreated SHR with HF, whereas those related to oxidative stress, growth, inflammation, protein degradation, and TGF-beta signaling were downregulated. These findings demonstrate improved myocardial function and regression of cardiac hypertrophy, and identify many HF related gene sets altered with phenylbutyrate and captopril treatment, but not captopril alone. These results characterize gene sets associated with recovery from HF, and suggest that phenylbutyrate may be a potentially effective adjunctive treatment, together with captopril, by synergistically modulating pathways that contribute to restoration of contractile function of the failing SHR heart.
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Abstract
Acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins provides a key mechanism for controlling signaling and gene expression in heart and kidney. Pharmacological inhibition of protein deacetylation with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has shown promise in preclinical models of cardiovascular and renal disease. Efficacy of HDAC inhibitors appears to be governed by pleiotropic salutary actions on a variety of cell types and pathophysiological processes, including myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and occurs at compound concentrations below the threshold required to elicit toxic side effects. We review the roles of acetylation/deacetylation in the heart and kidney and provide rationale for extending HDAC inhibitors into clinical testing for indications involving these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Bush
- Gilead Colorado Inc, 3333 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
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Hodges SJ, Yoo JJ, Mishra N, Atala A. The effect of epigenetic therapy on congenital neurogenic bladders--a pilot study. Urology 2010; 75:868-72. [PMID: 20138341 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that human smooth muscle cells derived from neurogenic bladders produce more collagen in vitro than smooth muscle cells derived from normal bladders, and that epigenetic therapy may normalize this increased collagen production. METHODS Human smooth muscle cells from normal (n = 3) and neurogenic bladders (n = 3) were cultured in normal culture media and at different concentrations of the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A, valproic acid, and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-aza). Collagen type I and III gene expression was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction after varying doses of drug exposure. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue. RESULTS The smooth muscle cells from neurogenic bladders released significantly more collagen than the normal bladder cells (mean 4.1 vs 1.8 microg/mL in control media) when grown in normal conditions. Treatment with trichostatin A at 50 ng/mL decreased the collagen level in cells from neurogenic bladders to almost normal levels (2.1 microg/mL). In addition, valproic acid treatment decreased collagen types I and III gene expression relative to controls, with maximal effect at 300 mg/mL. These treatments had little effect on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Histone deacetylase inhibitors decreased collagen production of smooth muscle cells from neurogenic bladders in vitro. These agents may be a means of effectively preventing bladder fibrosis in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Hodges
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Joanna F, van Grunsven LA, Mathieu V, Sarah S, Sarah D, Karin V, Tamara V, Vera R. Histone deacetylase inhibition and the regulation of cell growth with particular reference to liver pathobiology. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:2990-3005. [PMID: 19583816 PMCID: PMC4516460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activity of genes largely depends on the accessibility of specific chromatin regions to transcriptional regulators. This process is controlled by diverse post-transcriptional modifications of the histone amino termini of which reversible acetylation plays a vital role. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are responsible for the addition of acetyl groups and histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the reverse reaction. In general, though not exclusively, histone acetylation is associated with a positive regulation of transcription, whereas histone deacetylation is correlated with transcriptional silencing. The elucidation of unequivocal links between aberrant action of HDACs and tumorigenesis lies at the base of key scientific importance of these enzymes. In particular, the potential benefit of HDAC inhibition has been confirmed in various tumour cell lines, demonstrating antiproliferative, differentiating and pro-apoptotic effects. Consequently, the dynamic quest for HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) as a new class of anticancer drugs was set off, resulting in a number of compounds that are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Ironically, the knowledge with respect to the expression pattern and function of individual HDAC isoenzymes remains largely elusive. In the present review, we provide an update of the current knowledge on the involvement of HDACs in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes in the liver, being the main site for drug metabolism within the body. Focus lies on the involvement of HDACs in the regulation of growth of normal and transformed hepatocytes and the transdifferentiation process of stellate cells. Furthermore, extrapolation of our present knowledge on HDAC functionality towards innovative treatment of malignant and non-malignant, hyperproliferative and inflammatory disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraczek Joanna
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium.
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Fang M, Kong X, Li P, Fang F, Wu X, Bai H, Qi X, Chen Q, Xu Y. RFXB and its splice variant RFXBSV mediate the antagonism between IFNgamma and TGFbeta on COL1A2 transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:4393-406. [PMID: 19465385 PMCID: PMC2715248 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines secreted by infiltrating immune cells during atherogenesis modulate vascular remodeling. One exemplary event is the antagonism between transformed growth factor (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on the transcriptional control of type I collagen gene (COL1A2). Previously we have reported that IFN-γ up-regulates regulatory factor for X-box B (RFXB) to repress collagen transcription while down-regulates the expression of RFXBSV, a splice variant of RFXB that blocks collagen repression in fibroblasts. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β abrogated COL1A2 repression by IFN-γ through altering the relative expression of RFXB and RFXBSV. Unlike RFXB, RFXBSV did not bind to the collagen promoter and competed with RFXB for the co-repressor histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), limiting HDAC2 recruitment to the collagen transcription start site as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Over-expression of RFXB by lentiviral infection in HASMCs enhanced HDAC2 enlistment, promoted histone deacetylation surrounding the collagen site by IFN-γ, and blocked the TGF-β antagonism, a pattern reversed by RFXBSV infection. On the contrary, silencing of RFXB, but not both RFXB and RFXBSV, expression promoted the TGF-β antagonism. Thus, we have identified a novel mechanism whereby TGF-β antagonizes the IFN-γ repression of collagen transcription in HASMCs and as such provided new insights into antiatherogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Bülow R, Fitzner B, Sparmann G, Emmrich J, Liebe S, Jaster R. Antifibrogenic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on pancreatic stellate cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:1747-57. [PMID: 17889833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are essentially involved in pancreatic fibrogenesis and considered as a target for antifibrotic therapies. Here, we have analyzed the effects of three histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), sodium butyrate, sodium valproate (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA), on profibrogenic activities of PSC and elucidated molecular targets of HDACI action. Therefore, cultured PSCs were exposed to HDACI. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and trypan blue staining assays. Exhibition of the myofibroblastic PSC phenotype was monitored by immunofluorescence analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. [(3)H]-proline incorporation into acetic acid-soluble proteins was measured to quantify collagen synthesis. Levels of mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. Protein expression, phosphorylation and acetylation were analyzed by immunoblotting, and gel shift assays were performed to study DNA binding of nuclear proteins. HDACI enhanced histone H3 acetylation in a dose-dependent manner. In the same dose range, they strongly inhibited cell proliferation, alpha-SMA expression and collagen synthesis. A significantly increased rate of cell death was observed in response to TSA at 1 microM. While all three HDACI inhibited mRNA expression of endothelin-1, only VPA significantly reduced expression of transforming growth factor-beta1. Both mediators exert autocrine profibrogenic effects on PSC. Furthermore, HDACI-treated PSC displayed a diminished DNA binding of AP-1, a key transcription factor in profibrogenic signaling. Together, the results suggest that HDACI exert antifibrogenic effects on PSC. Interruption of AP-1 signaling and autocrine loops enhancing PSC activation might be key mechanisms of HDACI action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bülow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, E.-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Glenisson W, Castronovo V, Waltregny D. Histone deacetylase 4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1572-82. [PMID: 17610967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a crucial cytokine triggering myofibroblastic (MF) differentiation, a process involved in tissue healing as well as in pathologic conditions such as fibrosis and cancer. Together with cell shape modifications, TGFbeta1-mediated differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is characteristically associated with the neo-expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA), a cytoskeletal protein that enhances their contractile activity. Several cellular differentiation programs have been linked to epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including gene methylation and histone acetylation. Herein, we sought to investigate the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) in TGFbeta1-induced MF differentiation. We found that TSA, a global inhibitor of class I and class II HDACs, prevented alpha-SMA transcript and protein expression and morphological changes mediated by TGFbeta1 in cultured human skin fibroblasts. In order to identify the HDAC(s) participating in MF differentiation, the impact of specific HDAC silencing (HDAC1 through HDAC8) using RNA interference was investigated in fibroblasts exposed to TGFbeta1. Among the eight HDACs tested, silencing of HDAC4, HDAC6, and HDAC8 expression impaired TGFbeta1-induced alpha-SMA expression. HDAC4 silencing most efficiently abrogated alpha-SMA expression and also prevented TGFss1-mediated morphological changes. Forced down-regulation of HDAC4 stimulated the expression of 5'-TG-3'-Interacting Factor (TGIF) and TGIF2 homeoproteins, two known endogenous repressors of the TGFbeta signaling pathway, but not of the inhibitory Smad7. Collectively, these data suggest that HDAC4 is an essential epigenetic regulator of MF differentiation and unveil HDAC4 as a potential target for treating MF-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Glenisson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, University of Liège, Belgium
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De L Karlson T, Whiting CV, Bland PW. Proinflammatory cytokine synthesis by mucosal fibroblasts from mouse colitis is enhanced by interferon-gamma-mediated up-regulation of CD40 signalling. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147:313-23. [PMID: 17223973 PMCID: PMC1810481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut mesenchymal fibroblasts form complex phenotypical and functional populations. They participate actively in homeostatic maintenance of the extracellular matrix, epithelial barrier function, repair mechanisms and leucocyte migration. In inflammation, they become activated, change matrix expression and synthesize proinflammatory mediators. Subpopulations of mucosal fibroblasts express CD40 and the aim of this study was to define its role in their proinflammatory function. Stable primary fibroblast lines derived from normal mouse colon and inflamed colon from CD4(+) CD45RB(high)-transplanted SCID mice were used as models to explore the role of mucosal fibroblast CD40 in the inflammatory process. Phenotype correlated with in situ fibroblast phenotype in the tissues of origin. Lines from both sources co-expressed CD40 and Thy1.2 independently of alpha-smooth muscle actin. A subpopulation of CD40(+) fibroblasts from normal colon expressed CD40 at high levels and expression was enhanced by interferon (IFN)-gamma treatment, whereas all CD40(+) fibroblasts from colitis expressed at low levels and expression was unaffected by IFN-gamma treatment. Despite lower-level expression of CD40 by cells from colitis, they secreted constitutively interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C chemokine (CCL)2. Ligation of CD40 enhanced secretion of these mediators and induced secretion of CCL3. CD40 in cells from colitis was more responsive to ligation than CD40 on cells from normal tissue and this sensitivity was amplified selectively by the action of IFN-gamma. We conclude that the inflammatory milieu in colitis induces long-lasting changes in phenotype and proinflammatory function in colonic fibroblasts. In particular, proinflammatory signalling from fibroblast CD40 is amplified synergistically by the Th1 effector T cell cytokine, IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De L Karlson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Sakimura R, Tanaka K, Yamamoto S, Matsunobu T, Li X, Hanada M, Okada T, Nakamura T, Li Y, Iwamoto Y. The Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Induction of Differentiation in Chondrosarcoma Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:275-82. [PMID: 17200366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histologically, chondrosarcomas represent the degree of chondrogenic differentiation, which is associated with the prognosis of the disease. Histone acetylation and deacetylation play key roles in the regulation of chondrocytic differentiation. Here, we describe the antitumor effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as differentiating reagents on chondrosarcomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, depsipeptide, on the growth of chondrosarcoma cell lines. We also investigated the modulation of the expression levels of extracellular matrix genes and the induction of phenotypic change in chondrosarcoma cells treated with depsipeptide. Finally, we examined the antitumor effect of depsipeptide on chondrosarcoma in vivo. RESULTS Depsipeptide inhibited the growth of chondrosarcoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. HDAC inhibitors increased the expression of the alpha1 chain of type II collagen (COL2A1) gene due to the enhanced histone acetylation in the promoter and enhancer. Depsipeptide also up-regulated the expressions of aggrecan and the alpha2 chain of type XI collagen (COL11A2) mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, long-term treatment with a low dose of depsipeptide resulted in the induction of differentiation into hypertrophic phenotype, as shown by the increment of the alpha1 chain of type X collagen (COL10A1) expression in chondrosarcoma cells. In vivo studies and histologic analyses confirmed that depsipeptide significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced differentiation into the hypertrophic and mineralized state in chondrosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that HDAC inhibitors may be promising reagents for use as a differentiating chemotherapy against chondrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Sakimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan
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Yoshikawa M, Hishikawa K, Marumo T, Fujita T. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta1 in human renal epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 18:58-65. [PMID: 17135397 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulating gene expressions by modulating chromatin structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to have an antifibrogenic effect in some organs, such as the liver, skin, and lung, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the kidney, bone morphologic protein 7 (BMP-7) and hepatocyte growth factor are reported to antagonize TGF-beta1-induced tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but nothing is known concerning the effect of HDAC inhibitors on EMT. It was shown that trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, prevented TGF-beta1-induced EMT in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Treatment with TGF-beta1 induced morphologic changes such as EMT in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, co-treatment with TSA completely prevented TGF-beta1-induced morphologic changes and significantly prevented TGF-beta1-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of collagen type I. Treatment with TSA did not alter TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 but induced several inhibitory factors of TGF-beta1 signals, such as inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2) and BMP-7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that histone acetylation was involved in the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of Id2 and BMP-7. These results suggest that TSA and other HDAC inhibitors could be new therapeutic agents for tubular EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University Hospital of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Huang S, Wettlaufer SH, Hogaboam C, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M. Prostaglandin E(2) inhibits collagen expression and proliferation in patient-derived normal lung fibroblasts via E prostanoid 2 receptor and cAMP signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L405-13. [PMID: 17028262 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled fibroblast activation is one of the hallmarks of fibrotic lung disease. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been shown to inhibit fibroblast migration, proliferation, collagen deposition, and myofibroblast differentiation in the lung. Understanding the mechanisms for these effects may provide insight into the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. Previous work has focused on commercially available fibroblast cell lines derived from tissue whose precise origin and histopathology are often unknown. Here, we sought to define the mechanism of PGE(2) inhibition in patient-derived fibroblasts from peripheral lung verified to be histologically normal. Fibroblasts were grown from explants of resected lung, and proliferation and collagen I expression was determined following treatment with PGE(2) or modulators of its receptors and downstream signaling components. PGE(2) inhibited fibroblast proliferation by 33% and collagen I expression by 62%. PGE(2) resulted in a 15-fold increase in intracellular cAMP; other cAMP-elevating agents inhibited collagen I in a manner similar to PGE(2). These effects were reproduced by butaprost, a PGE(2) analog selective for the cAMP-coupled E prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor, but not by selective EP3 or EP4 agonists. Fibroblasts expressed both major cAMP effectors, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP-1 (Epac-1), but only a selective PKA agonist was able to appreciably inhibit collagen I expression. Treatment with okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, potentiated the effects of PGE(2). Our data indicate that PGE(2) inhibits fibroblast activation in primary lung fibroblasts via binding of EP2 receptor and production of cAMP; inhibition of collagen I proceeds via activation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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