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Xu Z, Han S, Chen H, Han L, Dong X, Tu M, Tan Z, Du M, Li T. Nutritional properties and osteogenic activity of simulated digestion components and peptides from Larimichthys crocea. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112238. [PMID: 36596160 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish provides a range of health benefits due to its nutritional and bioactive components. However, the bioactive peptides derived from Larimichthys crocea proteins were not fully investigated, especially the beneficial effects related to bone growth in vitro. In this study, the water extract protein was subjected to the simulated in vitro digestion process, and the osteogenic effect of enzymatic hydrolysate at different digestion stages was evaluated by the proliferation of osteoblast. The protein hydrolyzates of group pepsin treatment for 1 h and pepsin treatment for 2 h showed higher osteogenic activity in vitro. Two peptides including IERGDVVVQDSPSD from pepsin treatment for 1 h and RGDLGIEIPTEK from pepsin treatment for 2 h were identified, which revealed eminent effects in terms of promoting osteoblast proliferation and enhancing ALP activity. Moreover, the available nutrients in the proteins were determined by the molecular weight distribution and free amino acid composition. Those peptides also showed stronger interaction with RGD than integrins. Therefore, the peptides from Larimichthys crocea can be used as an effective ingredient for promoting bone growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116029, China; Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shiying Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lingyu Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xiufang Dong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116029, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Fan L, Lin X, Zou L, Li Y, Ge X, Fu W, Zhang Z, Xiao K, Lv H. Functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold promotes dental pulp regeneration. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34768244 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RADA16-I is an ion-complementary self-assembled peptide with a regular folded secondary conformation and can be assembled into an ordered nanostructure. Dentonin is an extracellular matrix phosphate glycoprotein functional peptide motif-containing RGD and SGDG motifs. In this experiment, we propose to combine RAD and Dentonin to form a functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold. Furthermore, we expect that the RAD with the addition of functional motif Dentonin can promote pulp regeneration. The study analyzed the physicochemical properties of RAD/Dentonin through circular dichroism, morphology scanning, and rheology. Besides, we examined the scaffold's biocompatibility by immunofluorescent staining, CCK-8 method, Live/Dead fluorescent staining, and 3D reconstruction. Finally, we applied ALP activity assay, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of RAD/Dentonin on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that RAD/Dentonin spontaneously assembles into a hydrogel with aβ-sheet-based nanofiber network structure.In vitro, RAD/Dentonin has superior biocompatibility and enhances adhesive proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization deposition of hDPSCs. In conclusion, the novel self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin is a new scaffold material suitable for cell culture and has promising applications as a scaffold for endodontic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Fan
- The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Ge
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuancheng Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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3
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McGuire D, Bowes M, Brett A, Segal NA, Miller M, Rosen D, Kumagai Y. Study TPX-100-5: intra-articular TPX-100 significantly delays pathological bone shape change and stabilizes cartilage in moderate to severe bilateral knee OA. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:242. [PMID: 34535197 PMCID: PMC8447757 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TPX-100, a promotor of osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation, is a potential osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. This retrospective study compared MRI 3D femoral bone shape changes (B-scores) after intra-articular TPX-100 or placebo and analyzed the relationship between cartilage thickness and bone shape change over 12 months. Methods One hundred and four participants with bilateral moderate to severe knee cartilage defects were randomized to receive TPX-100 (200 mg) or placebo. Each subject’s contralateral placebo-treated knee served as a paired internal control. After MRI quality control, 78/93 subjects (84%; 156 knees) were analyzed for quantitative femoral B-score and cartilage thickness. All analyses were performed centrally, blind to treatment assignment and clinical data. Results TPX-100-treated knees (n = 78) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pathologic bone shape change compared with placebo-treated knees at 6 and 12 months: 0.0298 (95% C.I. − 0.037, 0.097) vs 0.1246 (95% C.I. 0.067, 0.182) (P = 0.02), and 0.0856 (95% C.I. 0.013, 0.158) vs. 0.1969 (95% C.I. 0.123, 0.271) (P = 0.01), respectively. The correlation between bone shape change and medial and total tibiofemoral cartilage thickness changes at 12 months was statistically significant in TPX-100-treated knees (P < 0.01). Conclusions This is the first report of a potential therapy demonstrating a significant effect on bone shape measured by B-score in knee OA. These data, in combination with previously reported statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in WOMAC physical function versus placebo, support TPX-100 as a candidate for disease modification in knee OA. Trial registration NIH ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01925261. Registered 15 August 2013 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02622-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neil A Segal
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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4
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Amso Z, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:579-640. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Amso
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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5
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Reijnders CMA, van Essen HW, van Rens BTTM, van Beek JHGM, Ylstra B, Blankenstein MA, Lips P, Bravenboer N. Increased expression of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) in cortical bone of the rat tibia after mechanical loading: identification by oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79672. [PMID: 24255709 PMCID: PMC3821845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal integrity in humans and animals is maintained by daily mechanical loading. It has been widely accepted that osteocytes function as mechanosensors. Many biochemical signaling molecules are involved in the response of osteocytes to mechanical stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in the translation of mechanical stimuli into bone formation. The four-point bending model was used to induce a single period of mechanical loading on the right tibia, while the contra lateral left tibia served as control. Six hours after loading, the effects of mechanical loading on gene-expression were determined with microarray analysis. Protein expression of differentially regulated genes was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Nine genes were found to exhibit a significant differential gene expression in LOAD compared to control. MEPE, Garnl1, V2R2B, and QFG-TN1 olfactory receptor were up-regulated, and creatine kinase (muscle form), fibrinogen-B beta-polypeptide, monoamine oxidase A, troponin-C and kinesin light chain-C were down-regulated. Validation with real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed the up-regulation of MEPE and the down-regulation of creatine kinase (muscle form) and troponin-C in the loaded tibia. Immunohistochemistry showed that the increase of MEPE protein expression was already detectable six hours after mechanical loading. In conclusion, these genes probably play a role during translation of mechanical stimuli six hours after mechanical loading. The modulation of MEPE expression may indicate a connection between bone mineralization and bone formation after mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne M. A. Reijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib W. van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte T. T. M. van Rens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. G. M. van Beek
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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6
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Rowe PSN. The chicken or the egg: PHEX, FGF23 and SIBLINGs unscrambled. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:355-75. [PMID: 22573484 PMCID: PMC3389266 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The eggshell is an ancient innovation that helped the vertebrates' transition from the oceans and gain dominion over the land. Coincident with this conquest, several new eggshell and noncollagenous bone-matrix proteins (NCPs) emerged. The protein ovocleidin-116 is one of these proteins with an ancestry stretching back to the Triassic. Ovocleidin-116 is an avian homolog of Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and belongs to a group of proteins called Small Integrin-Binding Ligand Interacting Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). The genes for these NCPs are all clustered on chromosome 5q in mice and chromosome 4q in humans. A unifying feature of the SIBLING proteins is an Acidic Serine Aspartate-Rich MEPE (ASARM)-associated motif. The ASARM motif and the released ASARM peptide play roles in mineralization, bone turnover, mechanotransduction, phosphate regulation and energy metabolism. ASARM peptides and motifs are physiological substrates for phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX), a Zn metalloendopeptidase. Defects in PHEX are responsible for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. PHEX interacts with another ASARM motif containing SIBLING protein, Dentin Matrix Protein-1 (DMP1). DMP1 mutations cause bone-renal defects that are identical with the defects caused by loss of PHEX function. This results in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR). In both X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and ARHR, increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) expression occurs, and activating mutations in FGF23 cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). ASARM peptide administration in vitro and in vivo also induces increased FGF23 expression. This review will discuss the evidence for a new integrative pathway involved in bone formation, bone-renal mineralization, renal phosphate homeostasis and energy metabolism in disease and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S N Rowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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7
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Cho YD, Kim WJ, Yoon WJ, Woo KM, Baek JH, Lee G, Kim GS, Ryoo HM. Wnt3a stimulatesMepe,Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, expression directly by the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and indirectly through the stimulation of autocrine Bmp-2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2287-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Rowe PSN. Regulation of bone-renal mineral and energy metabolism: the PHEX, FGF23, DMP1, MEPE ASARM pathway. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2012; 22:61-86. [PMID: 22339660 PMCID: PMC3362997 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v22.i1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More than 300 million years ago, vertebrates emerged from the vast oceans to conquer gravity and the dry land. With this transition, new adaptations occurred that included ingenious changes in reproduction, waste secretion, and bone physiology. One new innovation, the egg shell, contained an ancestral protein (ovocleidin-116) that likely first appeared with the dinosaurs and was preserved through the theropod lineage in modern birds and reptiles. Ovocleidin-116 is an avian homolog of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and belongs to a group of proteins called short integrin-binding ligand-interacting glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). These proteins are all localized to a defined region on chromosome 5q in mice and chromosome 4q in humans. A unifying feature of SIBLING proteins is an acidic serine aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM). Recent research has shown that the ASARM motif and the released ASARM peptide have regulatory roles in mineralization (bone and teeth), phosphate regulation, vascularization, soft-tissue calcification, osteoclastogenesis, mechanotransduction, and fat energy metabolism. The MEPE ASARM motif and peptide are physiological substrates for PHEX, a zinc metalloendopeptidase. Defects in PHEX are responsible for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP). There is evidence that PHEX interacts with another ASARM motif containing SIBLING protein, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1). DMP1 mutations cause bone and renal defects that are identical with the defects caused by a loss of PHEX function. This results in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR). In both HYP and ARHR, increased FGF23 expression plays a major role in the disease and in autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR), FGF23 half-life is increased by activating mutations. ASARM peptide administration in vitro and in vivo also induces increased FGF23 expression. FGF23 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of cytokines, which surfaced 500 million years ago with the boney fish (i.e., teleosts) that do not contain SIBLING proteins. In terrestrial vertebrates, FGF23, like SIBLING proteins, is expressed in the osteocyte. The boney fish, however, are an-osteocytic, so a physiological bone-renal link with FGF23 and the SIBLINGs was cemented when life ventured from the oceans to the land during the Triassic period, approximately 300 million years ago. This link has been revealed by recent research that indicates a competitive displacement of a PHEX-DMP1 interaction by an ASARM peptide that leads to increased FGF23 expression. This review discusses the new discoveries that reveal a novel PHEX, DMP1, MEPE, ASARM peptide, and FGF23 bone-renal pathway. This pathway impacts not only bone formation, bone-renal mineralization, and renal phosphate homeostasis but also energy metabolism. The study of this new pathway is relevant for developing therapies for several diseases: bone-teeth mineral loss disorders, renal osteodystrophy, chronic kidney disease and bone mineralization disorders (CKD-MBD), end-stage renal diseases, ectopic arterial-calcification, cardiovascular disease renal calcification, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S N Rowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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9
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Wang H, Kawashima N, Iwata T, Xu J, Takahashi S, Sugiyama T, Suda H. MEPE Activated by Furin Promotes Pulpal Cell Adhesion. J Dent Res 2011; 90:529-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510391057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is predominantly expressed in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and odontoblasts and plays key biological roles in bone and dentin metabolism. Post-translational modifications are essential for its activation. This study tested the hypothesis that MEPE is activated through proteolytic processing by furin in dental pulp. MEPE was present in three sizes, 1 full-length and 2 cleaved fragments; the cleavage site was 146R↓147. The proprotein convertase family, particularly furin, was a candidate enzyme. Introducing a substitution at the cleavage site inhibited hydrolysis, but there was no cleavage of MEPE expressed in furin-deficient LoVo cells. Therefore, furin is a strong candidate for the proteolytic cleavage of MEPE. The C-terminal cleavage product promoted cell adhesion via its RGD motif. These results indicate that proteolytic processing by furin may activate MEPE during its secretion from odontoblasts and may play important roles in dentinogenesis and pulpal homeostasis. Abbreviations: MEPE, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; PTM, post-translational modifications; OLC, odontoblast-lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.G. Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - N. Kawashima
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School
- GCOE Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1–5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8549, Japan
| | - T. Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
| | - J. Xu
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School
| | | | - T. Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - H. Suda
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School
- GCOE Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1–5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8549, Japan
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10
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Yamashita M, Lazarov M, Jones AA, Mealey BL, Mellonig JT, Cochran DL. Periodontal Regeneration Using an Anabolic Peptide With Two Carriers in Baboons. J Periodontol 2010; 81:727-36. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Cho YD, Yoon WJ, Woo KM, Baek JH, Lee G, Cho JY, Ryoo HM. Molecular regulation of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein expression by bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25230-40. [PMID: 19617624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.008391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is mainly expressed in mineralizing tissues, and its C-terminal proteolytic cleavage product is an acidic-serine-asparate-rich-MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) that is a strong regulator of body phosphate metabolism and mineralization. There is sufficient data supporting a role for MEPE protein function in mineralization, however, little is known about the regulation of MEPE gene expression. As bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is one of the most important signals for calvarial mineralization and MEPE expression is higher in mineralized tissues, we attempted to uncover a regulatory circuit between BMP-2 and MEPE expression. Mepe expression is very low in proliferating MC3T3-E1 cells, but is dramatically increased in the mineralization stage and is strongly stimulated by treatment with BMP-2, even in proliferating cells. Overexpression and knock-down experiments of Smads, Dlx5, and Runx2 indicated that they are indispensable mediators of BMP-2-induced Mepe expression. In contrast, Msx2 showed strong inhibition of Mepe transcription. PHEX is an enzyme that prevents the release of the ASARM motif, a mineralization inhibitor, from the MEPE molecule. Thus, the MEPE/PHEX ratio may be a good indicator of mineralization progression because we found that the mRNA ratio and protein levels were low when osteoblasts were actively differentiating to the mineralization stage and the ratio was high when the cells reached the mineralization stage when it is assumed that osteocytes may protect themselves and make a space to survive from the mineralized matrix by releasing the ASARM motif. Collectively, MEPE expression is bone cell-specific and induced by the BMP-2 signaling pathway. In addition, the MEPE/PHEX ratio of the cell could be a very important barometer indicating the progression of tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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12
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Sprowson AP, McCaskie AW, Birch MA. ASARM-truncated MEPE and AC-100 enhance osteogenesis by promoting osteoprogenitor adhesion. J Orthop Res 2008; 26:1256-62. [PMID: 18383145 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is a member of the SIBLING (Small Integrin-Binding Ligand, N-linked Glycoprotein) family of secreted glycophosphoproteins. Several previous studies have demonstrated that MEPE and its peptide motif, AC-100, may regulate bone mass and influence osteoblast activity, suggesting its potential for inclusion in novel therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing osteogenesis. Our study uses in vitro approaches to assess how adhesion of nonadherent cells is influenced by MEPE and whether response to MEPE is dependent on the maturity of osteoblastic cells. Truncated MEPE (ASARM removed) or AC-100 enhanced the adhesion, spreading, and focal complex formation of unadhered osteoblastic cells leading to increased differentiation and bone formation after 28 days of culture. Furthermore, addition of truncated MEPE or AC-100 to mature osteoblasts had no significant effect on bone formation. Our data supports an action for truncated MEPE and AC-100 in altering the physiology of immature poorly adherent cells which subsequently influences the way in which these cells interact with a substrate to facilitate their survival and/or commitment to the osteoblast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sprowson
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute for Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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13
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Six N, Septier D, Chaussain-Miller C, Blacher R, DenBesten P, Goldberg M. Dentonin, a MEPE fragment, initiates pulp-healing response to injury. J Dent Res 2007; 86:780-5. [PMID: 17652210 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated extracellular matrix proteins, including matrix extracellular phosphoprotein (MEPE), are involved in the formation and mineralization of dental tissues. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Dentonin, a synthetic peptide derived from MEPE, to promote the formation of reparative dentin. Agarose beads, either soaked with Dentonin or unloaded, were implanted into the pulps of rat molars, and examined 8, 15, and 30 days after treatment. At day 8, Dentonin promoted the proliferation of pulp cells, as visualized by PCNA-labeling. RP59-positive osteoblast progenitors were located around the Dentonin-soaked beads. PCNA- and RP59-labeling were decreased at day 15, while osteopontin, weakly labeled at day 8, was increased at 15 days, but dentin sialoprotein was undetectable at any time. At 8 days, precocious reparative dentin formation occurred in pulps containing Dentonin-soaked beads, with formation slowing after 15 days. These results suggest that Dentonin affects primarily the initial cascade of events leading to pulp healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Six
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Remodelage des Tissus Orofaciaux, EA 2496, Groupe Matrices Extracellulaires et Biominéralisation, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris 5, 92120 Montrouge, France
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14
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Li X, Liu H, Qin L, Tamasi J, Bergenstock M, Shapses S, Feyen JHM, Notterman DA, Partridge NC. Determination of dual effects of parathyroid hormone on skeletal gene expression in vivo by microarray and network analysis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33086-97. [PMID: 17690103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705194200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation when injected daily but causes severe bone loss with continuous infusion. The mechanism of its paradoxical effects is still elusive. In this study, we compared changes in the gene expression profile in bone induced by intermittent or continuous treatment with three different PTH peptides, PTH-(1-34), -(1-31), and -(3-34), in Sprague-Dawley female rats. PTH-(1-34) regulated numerous genes (approximately 1,000), but differentially, in both regimes. PTH-(1-31) regulated a similar number of genes in the intermittent regimen but fewer in the continuous regimen, consistent with its less potent catabolic effect. PTH-(3-34) regulated very few genes in both regimes, which suggests the protein kinase C pathway plays a limited role in mediating the dual effects of PTH, whereas the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway appears to predominate. In the intermittent treatment, many genes encoding signaling mediators, transcription factors, cytokines, and proteases/protease inhibitors are regulated rapidly and cyclically with each PTH injection; genes associated with skeletal development show a slowly accruing pattern of expression. With continuous treatment, some genes are regulated from 6 h, and the mRNA levels are sustained with a longer infusion, whereas others show a kinetic decrease and then increase later. Significant up-regulation of genes stimulating osteoclastogenesis in the anabolic regime suggests a provocative and paradoxical theme for the anabolic effect of PTH that a full anabolic response requires a transient up-regulation of genes classically associated with a resorptive response. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed on the microarray data. A novel signaling network was established that is differentially regulated in the two PTH treatment regimes. Key regulators are suggested to be AREG, CCL2, WNT4, and cAMP-responsive element modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Abstract
A major unmet need in the medical field today is the availability of suitable treatments for the ever-increasing incidence of osteoporosis and the treatment of bone deficit conditions. Although therapies exist which prevent bone loss, the options are extremely limited for patients once a substantial loss of skeletal bone mass has occurred. Patients who have reduced bone mass are predisposed to fractures and further morbidity. The FDA recently approved PTH (1-34) (Teriparatide) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis after both preclinical animal and clinical human studies indicated it induces bone formation. This is the only approved bone anabolic agent available but unfortunately it has limited use, it is relatively expensive and difficult to administer. Consequently, the discovery of low cost orally available bone anabolic agents is critical for the future treatment of bone loss conditions. The intricate process of bone formation is co-ordinated by the action of many different bone growth factors, some stored in bone matrix and others released into the bone microenvironment from surrounding cells. Although all these factors play important roles, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) clearly play a central role in both bone cartilage formation and repair. Recent research into the regulation of the BMP pathway has led to the discovery of a number of small molecular weight compounds as candidate bone anabolic agents. These agents may usher in a new wave of more innovative and versatile treatments for osteoporosis as well as orthopedic and dental indications.
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16
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Liu YJ, Shen H, Xiao P, Xiong DH, Li LH, Recker RR, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: a 2004 update. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1511-35. [PMID: 16995806 PMCID: PMC1829484 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes comprehensively the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of December 2004. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published review covering the available data up to the end of 2002. Evidence from candidate gene association studies and genome-wide linkage studies in humans, as well as quantitative trait locus mapping animal models are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. An important extension of this update is incorporation of functional genomic studies (including DNA microarrays and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, in light of the rapid advances and the promising prospects of the field. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Liu
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dong-Hai Xiong
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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