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Gravina T, Boggio CMT, Gorla E, Racca L, Polidoro S, Centonze S, Ferrante D, Lunghi M, Graziani A, Corà D, Baldanzi G. Role of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1877. [PMID: 37509516 PMCID: PMC10377028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play dual roles in cell transformation and immunosurveillance. According to cancer expression databases, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits significant overexpression of multiple DGK isoforms, including DGKA, DGKD and DGKG, without a precise correlation with specific AML subtypes. In the TGCA database, high DGKA expression negatively correlates with survival, while high DGKG expression is associated with a more favorable prognosis. DGKA and DGKG also feature different patterns of co-expressed genes. Conversely, the BeatAML and TARGET databases show that high DGKH expression is correlated with shorter survival. To assess the suitability of DGKs as therapeutic targets, we treated HL-60 and HEL cells with DGK inhibitors and compared cell growth and survival with those of untransformed lymphocytes. We observed a specific sensitivity to R59022 and R59949, two poorly selective inhibitors, which promoted cytotoxicity and cell accumulation in the S phase in both cell lines. Conversely, the DGKA-specific inhibitors CU-3 and AMB639752 showed poor efficacy. These findings underscore the pivotal and isoform-specific involvement of DGKs in AML, offering a promising pathway for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Notably, the DGKA and DGKH isoforms emerge as relevant players in AML pathogenesis, albeit DGKA inhibition alone seems insufficient to impair AML cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gravina
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Teresa Boggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Gorla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Centonze
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Monia Lunghi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28110 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Potential role of diacylglycerol kinases in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1637-1658. [PMID: 32608491 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism promoting exacerbated immune responses in allergy and autoimmunity as well as those blunting the immune control of cancer cells are of primary interest in medicine. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key modulators of signal transduction, which blunt diacylglycerol (DAG) signals and produce phosphatidic acid (PA). By modulating lipid second messengers, DGK modulate the activity of downstream signaling proteins, vesicle trafficking and membrane shape. The biological role of the DGK α and ζ isoforms in immune cells differentiation and effector function was subjected to in deep investigations. DGK α and ζ resulted in negatively regulating synergistic way basal and receptor induced DAG signals in T cells as well as leukocytes. In this way, they contributed to keep under control the immune response but also downmodulate immune response against tumors. Alteration in DGKα activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of genetic perturbations of the immune function such as the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 and localized juvenile periodontitis. These findings suggested a participation of DGK to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several immune-mediated diseases and prompted several researches aiming to target DGK with pharmacologic and molecular strategies. Those findings are discussed inhere together with experimental applications in tumors as well as in other immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
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DGKα in Neutrophil Biology and Its Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225673. [PMID: 31766109 PMCID: PMC6887790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play a key role in phosphoinositide signaling by removing diacylglycerol and generating phosphatidic acid. Besides the well-documented role of DGKα and DGKζ as negative regulators of lymphocyte responses, a robust body of literature points to those enzymes, and specifically DGKα, as crucial regulators of leukocyte function. Upon neutrophil stimulation, DGKα activation is necessary for migration and a productive response. The role of DGKα in neutrophils is evidenced by its aberrant behavior in juvenile periodontitis patients, which express an inactive DGKα transcript. Together with in vitro experiments, this suggests that DGKs may represent potential therapeutic targets for disorders where inflammation, and neutrophils in particular, plays a major role. In this paper we focus on obstructive respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but also rare genetic diseases such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Indeed, the biological role of DGKα is understudied outside the T lymphocyte field. The recent wave of research aiming to develop novel and specific inhibitors as well as KO mice will allow a better understanding of DGK's role in neutrophilic inflammation. Better knowledge and pharmacologic tools may also allow DGK to move from the laboratory bench to clinical trials.
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Wang L, Sun Y, Sun Y, Meng L, Xu X. First case of AML with rare chromosome translocations: a case report of twins. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:458. [PMID: 29688850 PMCID: PMC5913884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia is different from solid tumor by harboring genetic rearrangements that predict prognosis and guide treatment strategy. PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and KMT2A-rearrangement are common genetic rearrangements that drive the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). By contrast, rare genetic rearrangements may also contribute to leukemogenesis but are less summarized. CASE PRESENTATION Here we reported rare fusion genes ZNF717-ZNF37A, ZNF273-DGKA, and ZDHHC2-TTTY15 in a 47-year-old AML-M4 patient with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) discovered by whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the patient's healthy sibling as a sequencing control. CONCLUSION This is, to our knowledge, the first case of AML with fusion gene ZNF717-ZNF37A, ZNF273-DGKA, and ZDHHC2-TTTY15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- The School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Hematology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, 32803, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Stem Cell Lab of the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China. .,College of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, #1 Building Room 610, 288 Shenglidong Street, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261042, People's Republic of China.
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Burgos RCR, Červinková K, van der Laan T, Ramautar R, van Wijk EP, Cifra M, Koval S, Berger R, Hankemeier T, van der Greef J. Tracking biochemical changes correlated with ultra-weak photon emission using metabolomics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:237-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Wang WF, Ma L, Liu MY, Zhao TT, Zhang T, Yang YB, Cao HX, Han XH, Li DS. A novel function for fibroblast growth factor 21: stimulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation. Endocrine 2015; 49:385-95. [PMID: 25542183 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a major paracrine and endocrine regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that FGF-21 is also a potent mediator of innate immunity. Double-staining flow cytometry identified neutrophils and monocytes as the main sources of FGF-21 among circulating leukocytes. Functional assays showed that FGF-21 stimulates phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells and monocytic THP-1 cells. The mechanism of action of FGF-21 was observed to involve FGF receptor activation, signal transduction through the PI3K/Akt pathway, and stimulation of NADPH oxidase activity. This study indicates that FGF-21 could be an attractive target for the management of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-fei Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China,
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Baldanzi G. Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinases as a physiological way to promote diacylglycerol signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 55:39-49. [PMID: 24582387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol is a key regulator of cell physiology, controlling the membrane recruitment and activation of signaling molecules. Accordingly, diacylglycerol generation and metabolism are strictly controlled, allowing for localized regulation of its concentration. While the increased production of diacylglycerol upon receptor triggering is well recognized, the modulation of diacylglycerol metabolism by diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) is less characterized. Some agonists induce DGK activation and recruitment to the plasma membrane, promoting diacylglycerol metabolism to phosphatidic acid. Conversely, several reports indicate that signaling pathways that selectively inhibits DGK isoforms can enhance cellular diacylglycerol levels and signal transduction. For example, the impairment of DGKθ activity by RhoA binding to the catalytic domain represents a conserved mechanism controlling diacylglycerol signaling from Caenorhabditis elegans motoneurons to mammalian hepatocytes. Similarly, DGKα activity is inhibited in lymphocytes by TCR signaling, thus contributing to a rise in diacylglycerol concentration for downstream signaling. Finally, DGKμ activity is inhibited by ischemia-reperfusion-generated reactive oxygen species in airway endothelial cells, promoting diacylglycerol-mediated ion channel opening and edema. In those systems, DGKs provide a gatekeeper function by blunting diacylglycerol levels or possibly establishing permissive domains for diacylglycerol signaling. In this review, I discuss the possible general relevance of DGK inhibition to enhanced diacylglycerol signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- University "A. Avogadro" del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Liu LH, Zhou YJ, Ding L, Zhang SZ, Sun J, Cao JG. Induction of apoptosis by VB1 in breast cancer cells: the role of reactive oxygen species and Bcl-2 family proteins. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:423-30. [PMID: 24276280 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the EVn-50 mixture of vitexins (lignan compounds) containing the purified vitexin (neolignan) compound, 6-hydroxy-4(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl‑7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaldehyde, termed VB1, exhibits potent anticancer activity through the induction of apoptosis in several types of cancer cells, including MDA-MB‑231 cells. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which VB1 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB‑231 cells have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, to our knowledge, we provide for the first time mechanistic evidence that VB1-induced apoptosis in the human breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231, is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of caspases and the modulation of the expression of myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1 (Mcl‑1), B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) proteins. The silencing of Mcl-1 by RNA interference enhanced VB1-induced apoptosis. In addition, VB1 did not induce ROS generation or apoptosis in the immortalized non‑cancerous breast cell line, MCF-10A. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying VB1-induced apoptosis, and highlight VB1 as a promising candidate for the therapy of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Liu
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lan Ding
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Zhi Zhang
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sun
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Batista EL, Kantarci AI, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Alternative splicing generates a diacylglycerol kinase α transcript that acts as a dominant-negative modulator of superoxide production in localized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 85:934-43. [PMID: 24171497 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diacylglycerol (DAG), levels of which are tightly regulated by diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), is a lipid mediator linked to key biologic functions. Members of the DGK family undergo alternative splicing, generating the protein diversity necessary to control different intracellular DAG pools. DGKα function is altered in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), suggesting a genetic basis. Here, the authors assess DGKα spliced transcripts in human LAgP neutrophils. METHODS In an expression library of a patient with LAgP, PMNs were screened for different DGKα transcripts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and in vitro expression assays were performed to assess the fate of different transcripts on protein translocation and superoxide production in human leukemia cells (HL-60) and COS-7 cells. RESULTS A DGKα transcript that lacks exon 10 (DGKαΔ10) and generates a premature stop codon and a truncated protein was identified as being upregulated in LAgP neutrophils. In vitro assays revealed that DGKαΔ10 translocation occurred even in the absence of important regulatory motifs. Transfection of HL-60 neutrophil-like cells with the DGKαΔ10 spliced variant induced an increase in the stimulated production of superoxide anion replicating the phenotype of LAgP PMNs. CONCLUSION DGKαΔ10 can act as a dominant-negative transcript that can modulate superoxide production and provides an example of genetic regulation of the inflammatory response that may be relevant to human inflammatory diseases such as LAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraldo L Batista
- Department of Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences and Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; previously, Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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Sato M, Liu K, Sasaki S, Kunii N, Sakai H, Mizuno H, Saga H, Sakane F. Evaluations of the selectivities of the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitors R59022 and R59949 among diacylglycerol kinase isozymes using a new non-radioactive assay method. Pharmacology 2013; 92:99-107. [PMID: 23949095 DOI: 10.1159/000351849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten mammalian diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isozymes (α-κ) have been identified. Recent studies have revealed that DGK isozymes play pivotal roles in a wide variety of pathophysiological functions. Thus, it is important to be able to easily check DGK activity in each pathophysiological event. Moreover, the conventional DGK assay is quite laborious because it requires the use of a radioisotope and thin-layer chromatography including multiple extraction steps. In order to minimize the laborious procedures, we established a non-radioactive, single well, two-step DGK assay system. We demonstrated that, compared to the conventional method, the new assay system has comparable sensitivity and much higher efficiency, and is effective in detecting potential agents with high reliability (Z'-factor = 0.69 ± 0.12; n = 3). Using the newly developed assay, we comprehensively evaluated the DGK isozyme selectivities of commercially available DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949, in vitro. We found that among 10 isozymes, R59022 strongly inhibited type I DGKα and moderately attenuated type III DGKε and type V DGKθ, and that R59949 strongly inhibited type I DGK α and γ, and moderately attenuated type II DGK δ and κ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Chen H, Zhang B, Yuan X, Yao Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Zheng Q. Isoliquiritigenin-induced effects on Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defence in the HL-60 cell monocytic differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:1215-24. [PMID: 23881796 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of redox homeostasis in differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) induced by isoliquiritigenin (ISL) through modulation of the nuclear erythroid-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Morphological changes, cell surface markers CD11b/CD14, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing ability were used to determine the differentiation of HL-60, and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thiobarbituric acid test was utilised to determine the levels of malondialdehyde production in ISL-treated HL-60. The study determines and presents the redox state of the ratio of reduced/oxidised glutathione as a consequence of progression from differentiation in HL-60. Expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) inhibitors, apocynin (APO), and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were used for the preliminary study to determine the potential downstream targets regulated by NADPH oxidase in ISL-induced HL-60 differentiation. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between ISL exposure and the characteristics of HL-60 differentiation, namely, morphology changes, NBT reductive activities, and expression levels of surface antigens CD11b/CD14. Intercellular redox homeostasis changes toward oxidation during drug exposure are necessary to support ISL-induced differentiation. The unique expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in the differentiation of HL-60 recorded a statistically significant and dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05), which were suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor, APO, and DPI. ISL as a differentiation-inducing agent with mechanisms involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway to modulate intercellular redox homeostasis, and thus, facilitate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Life Science School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
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The critical role of redox homeostasis in shikonin-induced HL-60 cell differentiation via unique modulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:781516. [PMID: 23119122 PMCID: PMC3478756 DOI: 10.1155/2012/781516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among various cancer cell lines, the leukemia cell line HL-60 was most sensitive to Shikonin, with evidence showing both the prooxidative activities and proapoptotic effects of micromolar concentrations of Shikonin. However, the mechanism involved in the cytotoxicity of Shikonin in the submicromolar range has not been fully characterized. Using biochemical and free radical biological experiments in vitro, we identified the prodifferentiated profiles of Shikonin and evaluated the redox homeostasis during HL-60 differentiation. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between Shikonin exposure and the characteristics of HL-60 differentiation in terms of morphology changes, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductive activity, and the expression level of surface antigens CD11b/CD14. During drug exposure, intercellular redox homeostasis changes towards oxidation are necessary to support Shikonin-induced differentiation, which was proven by additional enzymatic and non-enzymatic redox modulators. A statistically significant and dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) was recorded with regard to the unique expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in HL-60 cells undergoing late differentiation, which were restored with further antioxidants employed with the Shikonin treatment. Our research demonstrated that Shikonin is a differentiation-inducing agent, and its mechanisms involve the Nrf2/ARE pathway to modulate the intercellular redox homeostasis, thus facilitating differentiation.
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Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022-induced autophagy and apoptosis in the neuronal cell line NG108-15. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang XH, Zheng X, Cao JG, Xiang HL, Liu F, Lv Y. 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells involves ROS and JNK. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3385-93. [PMID: 20632440 PMCID: PMC2904884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether the apoptotic activities of 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC) involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC).
METHODS: HepG2, Bel-7402 and L-02 cell lines were cultured in vitro and the apoptotic effects of BrMC were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM) after propidium iodide (PI) staining, caspase-3 activity using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. ROS production was evaluated by FCM after dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) probe labeling. The phosphorylation level of JNK and c-Jun protein was analyzed by Western blotting.
RESULTS: FCM after PI staining showed a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of the sub-G1 cell population (P < 0.05), reaching 39.0% ± 2.8% of HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment with BrMC at 10 μmol/L. The potency of BrMC to HepG2 and Bel-7402 (32.1% ± 2.6%) cells was found to be more effective than the lead compound, chrysin (16.2% ± 1.6% for HepG2 cells and 11.0% ± 1.3% for Bel-7402 cell) at 40 μmol/L and similar to 5-flurouracil (33.0% ± 2.1% for HepG2 cells and 29.3% ± 2.3% for Bel-7402 cells) at 10 μmol/L. BrMC had little effect on human embryo liver L-02 cells, with the percentage of sub-G1 cell population 5.4% ± 1.8%. Treatment of HepG2 cells with BrMC for 48 h also increased the levels of active caspase-3, in a concentration-dependent manner. z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, prevented the activation of caspase-3. Treatment with BrMC at 10 μmol/L for 48 h resulted in the formation of a DNA ladder. Treatment of cells with BrMC (10 μmol/L) increased mean fluorescence intensity of DCHF-DA in HepG2 cells from 7.2 ± 1.12 at 0 h to 79.8 ± 3.9 at 3 h and 89.7 ± 4.7 at 6 h. BrMC did not affect ROS generation in L-02 cells. BrMC treatment failed to induce cell death and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 cells pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (10 mmol/L). In addition, in HepG2 cells treated with BrMC (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μmol/L) for 12 h, JNK activation was observed. Peak JNK activation occurred at 12 h post-treatment and this activation persisted for up to 24 h. The expression of phosphorylated JNK and c-Jun protein after 12 h with BrMC-treated cells was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine and SP600125 pre-treatment, but GW9662 had no effect. SP600125 substantially reduced BrMC-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation of HepG2 cells. N-acetylcysteine and GW9662 also attenuated induction of cell death and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 cells treated with BrMC.
CONCLUSION: BrMC induces apoptosis of HCC cells by ROS generation and sustained JNK activation.
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Neto BAD, Lapis AAM, Mancilha FS, Batista Jr. EL, Netz PA, Rominger F, Basso LA, Santos DS, Dupont J. On the selective detection of duplex deoxyribonucleic acids by 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole fluorophores. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:967-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b919155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mérida I, Avila-Flores A, García J, Merino E, Almena M, Torres-Ayuso P. Diacylglycerol kinase alpha, from negative modulation of T cell activation to control of cancer progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 49:174-88. [PMID: 19534031 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Dornelles FN, Santos DS, Van Dyke TE, Calixto JB, Batista EL, Campos MM. In Vivo Up-Regulation of Kinin B1 Receptors after Treatment with Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide in Rat Paw. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:756-63. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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18
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Sánchez Y, Amrán D, de Blas E, Aller P. Regulation of genistein-induced differentiation in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells (HL60, NB4) Protein kinase modulation and reactive oxygen species generation. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:384-96. [PMID: 19038232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While it has been reported that genistein induces differentiation in multiple tumour cell models, the signalling and regulation of isoflavone-provoked differentiation are poorly known. We here demonstrate that genistein causes G(2)/M cycle arrest and expression of differentiation markers in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells (HL60, NB4), and cooperates with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in inducing differentiation, while ATRA attenuates the isoflavone-provoked toxicity. Genistein rapidly stimulates Raf-1, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation/activation, but does not stimulate and instead causes a late decrease in Akt phosphorylation/activation which is attenuated by ATRA. Both differentiation and G(2)/M arrest are attenuated by MEK/ERK inhibitors (PD98059, U0126) and ERK1-/ERK2-directed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, but not by the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Genistein stimulates p21(waf1/cip1) and cyclin B1 expression, phosphorylation/activation of ATM and Chk2 kinases, and Tyr15-phosphorylation/inactivation of Cdc2 (Cdk1) kinase, and these effects are attenuated by MEK/ERK inhibitors, while LY294002 also attenuates ERK and ATM phosphorylation. Caffeine abrogates the genistein-provoked G(2)/M blockade and alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins, and also suppresses differentiation. Finally, genistein causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation, but the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine fails to prevent ERK activation, G(2)/M arrest, and differentiation induction. By contrast, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and p38-MAPK inhibitor attenuate the apoptosis-sensitizing (pro-apoptotic) action of genistein when combined with the antileukaemic agent arsenic trioxide. In summary, genistein-induced differentiation in acute myeloid leukaemia cells is a ROS-independent, Raf-1/MEK/ERK-mediated and PI3K-dependent response, which is coupled and co-regulated with G(2)/M arrest, but uncoupled to the pro-apoptotic action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Omori K, Ohira T, Uchida Y, Ayilavarapu S, Batista EL, Yagi M, Iwata T, Liu H, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Van Dyke TE. Priming of neutrophil oxidative burst in diabetes requires preassembly of the NADPH oxidase. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:292-301. [PMID: 18390927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1207832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus results in the priming of neutrophils leading to oxidative stress that is, in part, responsible for diabetic complications. p47phox, a NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit, is a key protein in the assembly of the NADPH oxidase leading to superoxide generation. Little is known about the priming mechanism of oxidative pathways in neutrophils of people with diabetes. In this study, the kinetics of p47phox activation was investigated by comparing neutrophils from diabetic and healthy subjects, and the mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced changes was studied by using neutrophil-like HL-60 cells as a model. In resting neutrophils from diabetic subjects, p47phox prematurely translocates to the cell membrane and preassembles with p22phox, a NADPH oxidase membrane subunit. This premature p47phox translocation and preassembly with p22phox were also observed in HL-60 cells cultured with high glucose (HG; 25 mM) and with the specific ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), S100B. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK, was the primary signaling pathway, as evidenced by PD98059 suppressing the translocation of p47phox in HL-60 cells incubated with HG and S100B. HL-60 cells cultured in HG and S100B exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in fMLP-induced superoxide generation compared with those cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM). These data suggest that HG and increased AGE prime neutrophils and increase oxidative stress inducing the translocation of p47phox to the cell membrane and preassembly with p22phox by stimulating a RAGE-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 100 East Newton Street, Suite 107, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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20
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Nobuhisa T, Naomoto Y, Okawa T, Takaoka M, Gunduz M, Motoki T, Nagatsuka H, Tsujigiwa H, Shirakawa Y, Yamatsuji T, Haisa M, Matsuoka J, Kurebayashi J, Nakajima M, Taniguchi S, Sagara J, Dong J, Tanaka N. Translocation of heparanase into nucleus results in cell differentiation. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:535-40. [PMID: 17284253 PMCID: PMC11158264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that heparanase, one of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, which plays a critical role in cancer progression, is located not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. Here we identified nuclear translocation of heparanase as a key step in cell differentiation. We applied an in vitro differentiation model of HL-60 cells with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in which nuclear translocation of heparanase was observed using immunohistochemical analysis. In this system, nuclear translocation of heparanase was abolished by inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), suggesting the involvement of HSP90 in translocation of heparanase. We further confirmed that overexpression of active form of heparanase induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, although the catalytic negative form of heparanase did not. Therefore we speculate that nuclear translocation of enzymatically active heparanase may be involved in cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that a novel function of heparanase upon cell differentiation would raise a potential new strategy for cancer therapy of promyeloid leukemia and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Nobuhisa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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21
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Hughes PJ, Brown G. 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated stimulation of steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cell lines requires VDRnuc-mediated activation of the RAS/RAF/ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:590-617. [PMID: 16440327 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) stimulates the activity of steroid sulphatase (STS) in myeloid cells [Hughes et al., 2001, 2005]. This was attenuated by inhibitors of phospholipase D (PLD) (n-butanol, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, C(2)-ceramide) and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) (propranolol and chlorpromazine), but was unaffected by inhibitors of phospholipase C. The 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced STS activity was also attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase Calpha and protein kinase Cdelta (Go 6976, HBDDE and rottlerin), but not by an inhibitor of protein kinase Cbeta (LY379196). Additionally, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced STS activity was attenuated by inhibitors of RAS (manumycin A), RAF (GW5074), MEK (PD098059 and U1026) and JNK (SP600125), but not p38 (PD169316). 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) produced a rapid and long lasting stimulation of the ERK-MAP kinase signalling cascade in HL60 myeloid leukaemic cells. This 'non-genomic' effect of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) blocked by pharmacological antagonists of nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDR(nuc)) and does not appear to require hetero-dimerisation with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR). Inhibitors of the Src tyrosine kinase (PP1), RAS (manumycin A), RAS-RAF interactions (sulindac sulphide and RAS inhibitory peptide), RAF (GW5074 or chloroquine), and protein kinase Calpha (HBDDE) abrogated the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in ERK-MAP kinase activity. Taken together, these results show that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)/VDR(nuc) activation of the RAS/RAF/ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway plays an important role in augmenting STS activity in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Hughes PJ, Zhao Y, Chandraratna RA, Brown G. Retinoid-mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARalpha and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase pathways. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:327-50. [PMID: 16178010 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid stimulate the activity of steroid sulfatase in HL60 acute myeloid leukemia cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Neither of these 'natural retinoids' augmented steroid sulfatase activity in a HL60 sub-line that expresses a dominant-negative retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha). Experiments with synthetic RAR and RXR agonists and antagonists suggest that RARalpha/RXR heterodimers play a role in the retinoid-stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity. The retinoid-driven increase in steroid sulfatase activity was attenuated by inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD), but not by inhibitors of phospholipase C. Experiments with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) show that PKCalpha and PKCdelta play an important role in modulating the retinoid-stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells. Furthermore, we show that pharmacological inhibition of the RAF-1 and ERK MAP kinases blocked the retinoid-stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells and, by contrast, inhibition of the p38-MAP kinase or JNK-MAP kinase had no effect. Pharmacological inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and PDK-1 also abrogated the retinoid-stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells. These results show that crosstalk between the retinoid-stimulated genomic and non-genomic pathways is necessary to increase steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Matsubara T, Shirai Y, Miyasaka K, Murakami T, Yamaguchi Y, Ueyama T, Kai M, Sakane F, Kanoh H, Hashimoto T, Kamada S, Kikkawa U, Saito N. Nuclear Transportation of Diacylglycerol Kinase γ and Its Possible Function in the Nucleus. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:6152-64. [PMID: 16407189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509873200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) convert diacylglycerol (DG) to phosphatidic acid, and both lipids are known to play important roles in lipid signal transduction. Thereby, DGKs are considered to be a one of the key players in lipid signaling, but its physiological function remains to be solved. In an effort to investigate one of nine subtypes, we found that DGKgamma came to be localized in the nucleus with time in all cell lines tested while seen only in the cytoplasm at the early stage of culture, indicating that DGKgamma is transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The nuclear transportation of DGKgamma didn't necessarily need DGK activity, but its C1 domain was indispensable, suggesting that the C1 domain of DGKgamma acts as a nuclear transport signal. Furthermore, to address the function of DGKgamma in the nucleus, we produced stable cell lines of wild-type DGKgamma and mutants, including kinase negative, and investigated their cell size, growth rate, and cell cycle. The cells expressing the kinase-negative mutant of DGKgamma were larger in size and showed slower growth rate, and the S phase of the cells was extended. These findings implicate that nuclear DGKgamma regulates cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Matsubara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biosignal Research Center, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501
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