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Cooke CB, Barrington C, Baillie-Benson P, Nichols J, Moris N. Gastruloid-derived primordial germ cell-like cells develop dynamically within integrated tissues. Development 2023; 150:dev201790. [PMID: 37526602 PMCID: PMC10508693 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the early embryonic precursors of gametes - sperm and egg cells. PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) can currently be derived in vitro from pluripotent cells exposed to signalling cocktails and aggregated into large embryonic bodies, but these do not recapitulate the native embryonic environment during PGC formation. Here, we show that mouse gastruloids, a three-dimensional in vitro model of gastrulation, contain a population of gastruloid-derived PGCLCs (Gld-PGCLCs) that resemble early PGCs in vivo. Importantly, the conserved organisation of mouse gastruloids leads to coordinated spatial and temporal localisation of Gld-PGCLCs relative to surrounding somatic cells, even in the absence of specific exogenous PGC-specific signalling or extra-embryonic tissues. In gastruloids, self-organised interactions between cells and tissues, including the endodermal epithelium, enables the specification and subsequent maturation of a pool of Gld-PGCLCs. As such, mouse gastruloids represent a new source of PGCLCs in vitro and, owing to their inherent co-development, serve as a novel model to study the dynamics of PGC development within integrated tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Cooke
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
- Abcam, Discovery Drive, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AX, UK
| | | | - Peter Baillie-Benson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Wellcome Trust – MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust – MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naomi Moris
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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2
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Beth Payne L, Tewari BP, Dunkenberger L, Bond S, Savelli A, Darden J, Zhao H, Willi C, Kanodia R, Gude R, Powell MD, Oestreich KJ, Sontheimer H, Dal-Pra S, Chappell JC. Pericyte Progenitor Coupling to the Emerging Endothelium During Vasculogenesis via Connexin 43. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e96-e114. [PMID: 35139658 PMCID: PMC8957572 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular pericytes stabilize blood vessels and contribute to their maturation, while playing other key roles in microvascular function. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about involvement of their precursors in the earliest stages of vascular development, specifically during vasculogenesis. METHODS We combined high-power, time-lapse imaging with transcriptional profiling of emerging pericytes and endothelial cells in reporter mouse and cell lines. We also analyzed conditional transgenic animals deficient in Cx43/Gja1 (connexin 43/gap junction alpha-1) expression within Ng2+ cells. RESULTS A subset of Ng2-DsRed+ cells, likely pericyte/mural cell precursors, arose alongside endothelial cell differentiation and organization and physically engaged vasculogenic endothelium in vivo and in vitro. We found no overlap between this population of differentiating pericyte/mural progenitors and other lineages including hemangiogenic and neuronal/glial cell types. We also observed cell-cell coupling and identified Cx43-based gap junctions contributing to pericyte-endothelial cell precursor communication during vascular assembly. Genetic loss of Cx43/Gja1 in Ng2+ pericyte progenitors compromised embryonic blood vessel formation in a subset of animals, while surviving mutants displayed little-to-no vessel abnormalities, suggesting a resilience to Cx43/Gja1 loss in Ng2+ cells or potential compensation by additional connexin isoforms. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that a distinct pericyte lineage emerges alongside vasculogenesis and directly communicates with the nascent endothelium via Cx43 during early vessel formation. Cx43/Gja1 loss in pericyte/mural cell progenitors can induce embryonic vessel dysmorphogenesis, but alternate connexin isoforms may be able to compensate. These data provide insight that may reshape the current framework of vascular development and may also inform tissue revascularization/vascularization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Bhanu P. Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Logan Dunkenberger
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Samantha Bond
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Alyssa Savelli
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Caroline Willi
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Ronak Kanodia
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Rosalie Gude
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sophie Dal-Pra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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3
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Almahmoudi R, Salem A, Hadler-Olsen E, Svineng G, Salo T, Al-Samadi A. The effect of interleukin-17F on vasculogenic mimicry in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2223-2232. [PMID: 33743555 PMCID: PMC8177764 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. Recently, we reported that extracellular interleukin-17F (IL-17F) correlates with better disease-specific survival in OTSCC patients and has promising anticancer effects in vitro. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of an alternative vasculogenic system by aggressive tumor cells, which is implicated in treatment failure and poor survival of cancer patients. We sought to confirm the formation of VM in OTSCC and to investigate the effect of IL-17F on VM formation. Here, we showed that highly invasive OTSCC cells (HSC-3 and SAS) form tube-like VM on Matrigel similar to those formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Interestingly, the less invasive cells (SCC-25) did not form any VM structures. Droplet-digital PCR, FACS, and immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of CD31 mRNA and protein in OTSCC cells. Additionally, in a mouse orthotopic model, HSC-3 cells expressed VE-cadherin (CD144) but lacked Von Willebrand Factor. We identified different patterns of VM structures in patient samples and in an orthotopic OTSCC mouse model. Similar to the effect produced by the antiangiogenic drug sorafenib, IL-17F inhibited the formation of VM structures in vitro by HSC-3 and reduced almost all VM-related parameters. In conclusion, our findings indicate the presence of VM in OTSCC and the antitumorigenic effect of IL-17F through its effect on the VM. Therefore, targeting IL-17F or its regulatory pathways may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in patients with OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeia Almahmoudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunbjørg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu P, Wu Y, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Yang J, Wang M, Wang B, Luo G, He W, Cheng B. Platelet-rich plasma accelerates skin wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa028. [PMID: 32821743 PMCID: PMC7427034 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested to be effective for wound healing. However, evidence for its use in patients with acute and chronic wounds remains insufficient. The aims of this study were to comprehensively examine the effectiveness, synergy and possible mechanism of PRP-mediated improvement of acute skin wound repair. METHODS Full-thickness wounds were made on the back of C57/BL6 mice. PRP or saline solution as a control was administered to the wound area. Wound healing rate, local inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were measured at days 3, 5, 7 and 14 after skin injury. The biological character of epidermal stem cells (ESCs), which reflect the potential for re-epithelialization, was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PRP strongly improved skin wound healing, which was associated with regulation of local inflammation, enhancement of angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. PRP treatment significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-1β. An increase in the local vessel intensity and enhancement of re-epithelialization were also observed in animals with PRP administration and were associated with enhanced secretion of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. Moreover, PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the migration and proliferation of primary cultured ESCs, and these effects were accompanied by the differentiation of ESCs into adult cells following the changes of CD49f and keratin 10 and keratin 14. CONCLUSION PRP improved skin wound healing by modulating inflammation and increasing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism needs to be investigated in the future. Our data provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of PRP in wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaguang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zengjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Zhao X, Liu L, An T, Xian M, Luckanagul JA, Su Z, Lin Y, Wang Q. A hydrogen sulfide-releasing alginate dressing for effective wound healing. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:85-94. [PMID: 31901456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For wounds with heavy exudate levels, a dressing that can help to absorb wound exudate and improve the wound healing process is highly desired. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gasotransmitter that can improve angiogenesis which is crucial for wound healing. In this study, a functional sodium alginate (SA) dressing with H2S-releasing property (SA/JK-1) was fabricated by incorporating JK-1 molecule, a pH-dependent H2S donor, into SA sponge. The resultant SA/JK-1 sponge provided a moist and protective healing environment and was capable of releasing H2S consistently under acidic pH condition by absorbing exudate at the wound interface. The H2S release of JK-1 donor was prolonged by the SA sponge compared with JK-1 in solution. Cell study in vitro indicated that SA/JK-1 not only exhibited good cyto-compatibility, but also improved fibroblast proliferation and migration. In addition, the effects of the SA/JK-1 dressing on wound healing was evaluated using an in vivo full thickness dermal defect model, which revealed that SA/JK-1 can significantly improve wound healing process with enhanced granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis, due to the H2S released from JK-1. Taken together, our results showed that SA dressing doped with H2S donor could potentially serves as an effective wound healing strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The gasotransmitter H2S has been proven to improve the wound healing process in nanofibrous dressing due to its biological functions on angiogenesis. However, for non-healing wounds with heavy exudates, a wound dressing that can absorb wound exudates and controlled gasotransmitter release to improve the wound healing process is still in urgent need. Here we fabricated a sodium alginate (SA) sponge incorporated with H2S donor JK-1 (SA/JK-1), which showed strong water uptake capability, and released H2S under acidic condition. The SA/JK-1 sponge exhibited biocompatibility to fibroblasts and promoted cell migration in vitro, and exhibited obviously positive influence on wound healing in vivo. This H2S donor doped alginate wound dressing represents a promising strategy for treatment of non-healing wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Tiezhu An
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Zhaohui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Morphological characteristics of vasculogenic mimicry and its correlation with EphA2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3414. [PMID: 30833656 PMCID: PMC6399224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically deregulated tumor cells generate vascular channels by vasculogenic mimicry (VM) that is independent of endothelial blood vessels. The morphological characteristics of VM and the role of EphA2 in the formation of VM were evaluated in 144 clinical samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and AGS gastric cancer cell line. It has long been believed that VM consists of PAS-positive basement membrane and CD31/CD34-negative cells. Interestingly, we found that the luminal surface of gastric tumor cells that form VM channels showed PAS-positive reaction, and that the involvement of CD31/CD34-positive tumor cells in the formation of VM channels. Highly aggressive tumor cells that formed VM were found to express CD31 or CD34, implicating the angiogenic and vasculogenic potential of the genetically deregulated tumor cells. VM occurrence was positively correlated with high expression of EphA2 in our patient cohort, and the indispensable role of EphA2 in VM formation was identified by gene silencing in AGS cells. We also report that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumor cells were involved in the formation of VM channels in EBV-associated gastric cancer samples. Overall, our results suggest that EphA2 signaling promotes tumor metastasis by inducing VM formation during gastric tumorigenesis.
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7
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Razavi SM, Yahyaabadi R. Comparative Study of Correlation between Angiogenesis Markers (CD31) and Ki67 Marker with Behavior of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Immunohistochemistry Technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2279-2283. [PMID: 30139237 PMCID: PMC6171410 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is generally considered a non-neoplastic lesion. However, some cases show aggressive behavior like neoplasms. Based on clinical observations, a number of researchers have classified this lesion into aggressive and non- aggressive types. This study was aimed to investigate the association between clinical behavior and histopathological features using immunohistochemical vascular CD31 and cellular proliferation Ki67 markers. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, 50 CGCGs, including 25 aggressive and 25 non-aggressive types were selected according to Chuong’s classification. The samples were then subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze positivity for CD31 and Ki67 markers. Numbers of blood vessels and percentage proliferation of underlying fibroendothelial cells were assessed, and the obtained results were analyzed with the t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCG lesions in the mean incidences of Ki67 (p=0.044). and CD31 (p=0.003) positivity. Conclusion: The present evaluation of expression rates for the vascular CD31 and cellular proliferation Ki67 markers showed there might be a positive relation between the clinical features and histopathology of CGCG. Furthermore, clinical behavior may be predicted based on features such as the number of blood vessels and proliferation of fibroendothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Razavi
- Dental Material Research Center. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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8
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Comparison of Teratoma Formation between Embryonic Stem Cells and Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells by Molecular Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7906531. [PMID: 29765423 PMCID: PMC5889892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7906531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With their properties of self-renewal and differentiation, embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great promises for regenerative therapy. However, teratoma formation and ethical concerns of ES cells may restrict their potential clinical applications. Currently, parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells have attracted the interest of researchers for its self-renewing and pluripotent differentiation while eliciting less ethic concerns. In this study, we established a model with ES and pES cells both stably transfected with a double-fusion reporter gene containing renilla luciferase (Rluc) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) to analyze the mechanisms of teratoma formation. Transgenic Vegfr2-luc mouse, which expresses firefly luciferase (Fluc) under the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Vegfr2-luc), was used to trace the growth of new blood vessel recruited by transplanted cells. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of Rluc/Fluc provides an effective tool in estimating the growth and angiogenesis of teratoma in vivo. We found that the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis capacity of ES cells were higher than those of pES cells, in which VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway plays an important role. In conclusion, pES cells have the decreased potential of teratoma formation but meanwhile have similar differentiating capacity compared with ES cells. These data demonstrate that pES cells provide an alternative source for ES cells with the risk reduction of teratoma formation and without ethical controversy.
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9
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VE-Cadherin regulates the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells via LIF/Stat3 signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2018; 158:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Kao CW, Cheng PH, Wu PT, Wang SW, Chen IC, Cheng NC, Yang KC, Yu J. Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogels incorporated with angiogenic peptides promote differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The superhydrophilic and ultralow biofouling properties as well as the resistance to foreign-body reaction make zwitterionic polymer promising in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wei Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - I.-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Surgery
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology
- College of Oral Medicine
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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11
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Huan Q, Wang Y, Yang L, Cui Y, Wen J, Chen J, Chen ZJ. Expression and function of the ID1 gene during transforming growth factor-β1-induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to endothelial cells. Cell Reprogram 2014; 17:59-68. [PMID: 25549282 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ID1 can mediate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1)-induced (and Smad-dependent) migration in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the role that ID1 plays during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into ECs induced by TGF-β1 remains unclear. In this study, a hESC differentiation model that recapitulates the developmental steps of vasculogenesis during the early stages of embryonic development was used to explore this question. We found that TGF-β1 increases endothelial cell differentiation and inhibits endothelial tube formation. Furthermore, at an early stage of differentiation, TGF-β1 may induce in vitro differentiation of hESCs into ECs by inhibiting expression of ID1, while at a later stage of differentiation, TGF-β1 may stimulate the proliferation and migration of ECs via the ALK1/Smad1/5/ID1 pathway. Downregulation of ID1 by gene silencing can lead to acceleration of TGF-β1-induced hESC differentiation into ECs and inhibition of proliferation and migration of ECs. This study may reveal some mechanisms of in vivo vasculogenesis in the early stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huan
- 1 Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Hospital affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan, 250001, People's Republic of China
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12
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Endothelial progenitor cells as a possible component of stem cell niche to promote self-renewal of mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:235-43. [PMID: 25239147 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells dwell at the "stem cell niche" to accomplish a series of biological processes. The composition of the niche should be determined because the insufficient understanding of this feature limits the development in the study of stem cells. We showed in our study on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that the MSCs first neighbored to CD31(+) cells, which proved to be endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and formed a group of cell colony before they exerted their biological functions. It was further proved that EPCs have close interactions with MSCs and promoted the self-renewal of the MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Together with these achievements, we hypothesized that EPCs may be a possible biological component of the MSC stem cell niche and affect the biological processes of MSCs.
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Chun SY, Kwon JB, Chae SY, Lee JK, Bae JS, Kim BS, Kim HT, Yoo ES, Lim JO, Yoo JJ, Kim WJ, Kim BW, Kwon TG. Combined injection of three different lineages of early-differentiating human amniotic fluid-derived cells restores urethral sphincter function in urinary incontinence. BJU Int 2014; 114:770-83. [PMID: 24841807 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a triple combination of early-differentiated cells derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) would show synergistic effects in urethral sphincter regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We early-differentiated hAFSCs into muscle, neuron and endothelial progenitor cells and then injected them into the urethral sphincter region of pudendal neurectomized ICR mice, as single-cell, double-cell or triple-cell combinations. Urodynamic studies and histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses were performed. RESULTS Urodynamic study showed significantly improved leak point pressure in the triple-cell-combination group compared with the single-cell- or double-cell-combination groups. These functional results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses, as evidenced by the formation of new striated muscle fibres and neuromuscular junctions at the cell injection site. Molecular analysis showed higher target marker expression in the retrieved urethral tissue of the triple-cell-combination group. The injection of early-differentiated hAFSCs suppressed in vivo host CD8 lymphocyte aggregations and did not form teratoma. The nanoparticle-labelled early-differentiated hAFSCs could be tracked in vivo with optical imaging for up to 14 days after injection. CONCLUSION Our novel concept of triple-combined early-differentiated cell therapy for the damaged sphincter may provide a viable option for incontinence treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Effects of mechanical and chemical stimuli on differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into endothelial cells. Int J Artif Organs 2013; 36:663-73. [PMID: 23918273 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that application of the micromechanical environment that target cells experience in vivo enhances functionality of differentiated cells. Vascular endothelial cells, functioning at the interface of the blood-vessel wall, are vital to the performance of the cardiovascular system. They are subject to shear and tensile stresses induced by blood flow and pressure, respectively. This study investigated effects of shear/tensile stresses on endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) utilizing a custom-made bioreactor capable of applying both shear and tensile stresses. The loading values of 10% cyclic stretch, 0-2.5 dyn/cm² cyclic shear stress, and combined loadings were used. To examine the extent of mechanical and chemical stimuli in acquisition of endothelial characteristics by ASCs, the expression of three major endothelial genes were quantified when ASCs were treated by three loading regimes and endothelial growth factor for three different durations (1, 2, and 7 days). In general, cyclic stretch decreased expression of FLK-1 and vWF, while cyclic shear elevated expression levels. The combined loading regime had minor effects on the expression of the two markers. All types of loadings significantly enhanced the expression level of VE-cadherin with the most prominent increase by combined loading. It was concluded that applying different loading regimes assists in adjusting the expression level of endothelial markers to achieve functional endothelial cells for cardiovascular engineering.
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Rademakers T, Douma K, Hackeng TM, Post MJ, Sluimer JC, Daemen MJAP, Biessen EAL, Heeneman S, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Plaque-Associated Vasa Vasorum in Aged Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Exhibit Proatherogenic Functional Features In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:249-56. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Neovascularization of human atherosclerotic plaques is implicated in plaque progression and destabilization, although its functional implications are yet unresolved. Here, we aimed to elucidate functional and morphological properties of plaque microvessels in mice in vivo.
Methods and Results—
Atherosclerotic carotid arteries from aged (>40 weeks) apolipoprotein E–deficient mice were imaged in vivo using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. Two distinct groups of vasa vasorum microvessels were observed at sites of atherosclerosis development (median diameters of 18.5 and 5.9 μm, respectively), whereas microvessels within the plaque could only rarely be found. In vivo imaging showed ongoing angiogenic activity and injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran confirmed active perfusion. Plaque vasa vasorum showed increased microvascular leakage, combined with a loss of endothelial glycocalyx. Mean blood flow velocity in plaque-associated vasa vasorum was reduced by ±50% compared with diameter-matched control capillaries, whereas mean blood flow was reduced 8-fold. Leukocyte adhesion and extravasation were increased 6-fold in vasa vasorum versus control capillaries.
Conclusion—
Using a novel in vivo functional imaging strategy, we showed that plaque-associated vasa vasorum were angiogenically active and, albeit poorly, perfused. Moreover, plaque-associated vasa vasorum showed increased permeability, reduced blood flow, and increased leukocyte adhesion and extravasation (ie, characteristics that could contribute to plaque progression and destabilization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Kim Douma
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Mark J. Post
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Mat J. A. P. Daemen
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Sylvia Heeneman
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
| | - Marc A. M. J. van Zandvoort
- From the Departments of Pathology (T.R., J.C.S, M.J.A.P.D., E.A.L.B., S.H.), Biomedical Engineering (K.D.), Radiology (K.D.), Biochemistry (T.M.H.), Physiology (M.J.P.), and Molecular Cell Biology (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Department of Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (M.A.M.J.v.Z.), RWTA Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen,
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Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, regulating the tone of the vascular wall, and its interaction with circulating blood elements. Alterations in endothelial functions facilitate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and permit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and platelet aggregation. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction is an early event in disease processes including atherosclerosis, and because of its critical role in vascular health, the endothelium is worthy of the intense focus it has received. However, there are limitations to studying human endothelial function in vivo, or human vascular segments ex vivo. Thus, methods for endothelial cell (EC) culture have been developed and refined. Recently, methods to derive ECs from pluripotent cells have extended the scientific range of human EC studies. Pluripotent stem cells may be generated, expanded, and then differentiated into ECs for in vitro studies. Constructs for molecular imaging can also be employed to facilitate tracking these cells in vivo. Furthermore, one can generate patient-specific ECs to study the effects of genetic or epigenetic alterations on endothelial behavior. Finally, there is the opportunity to apply these cells for vascular therapy. This review focuses on the generation of ECs from stem cells; their characterization by genetic, histological, and functional studies; and their translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Tak Wong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Liang X, Mei Y, Huang X, Shen G, Zhu D, Yu Y, Wang J, Lou Y. Junctophilin 2 knockdown interfere with mitochondrium status in ESC-CMs and cardiogenesis of ES cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2884-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Noghero A, Arese M, Bussolino F, Gualandris A. Mature endothelium and neurons are simultaneously derived from embryonic stem cells by 2D in vitro culture system. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2200-15. [PMID: 21070596 PMCID: PMC4394229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The connections existing between vessels and nerves go beyond the structural architecture of vascular and nervous systems to comprise cell fate determination. The analysis of functional/molecular links that interconnect endothelial and neural commitments requires a model in which the two differentiation programs take place at the same time in an artificial controllable environment. To this regard, this work presents an in vitro model to differentiate embryonic stem (ES) cells simultaneously into mature neurons and endothelial cells. Murine ES cells are differentiated within an artificial environment composed of PA6 stromal cells and a serum-free medium. Upon these basal culture conditions ES cells preferentially differentiate into neurons. The addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) to the medium allows the simultaneous maturation of neurons and endothelial cells, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 drives endothelial differentiation to the disadvantage of neural commitment. The responsiveness of the system to exogenous cytokines was confirmed by genes expression analysis that revealed a significant up-regulation of endothelial genes in presence of FGF2 and a massive down-regulation of the neural markers in response to BMP4. Furthermore, the role played by single genes in determining endothelial and neural fate can be easily explored by knocking down the expression of the target gene with lentiviruses carrying the corresponding shRNA sequence. The possibility to address the neural and the endothelial fate separately or simultaneously by exogenous stimuli combined with an efficient gene silencing strategy make this model an optimal tool to identify environmental signals and genes pathways involved in both endothelial and neural specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Noghero
- Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Zhang Z, Zhao M, Wang J, Ding Y, Dai X, Li Y. Oral administration of skin gelatin isolated from Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) enhances wound healing in diabetic rats. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:696-711. [PMID: 21673883 PMCID: PMC3111176 DOI: 10.3390/md9050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Care for diabetic wounds remains a significant clinical problem. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of skin gelatin from Chum Salmon on defective wound repair in the skin of diabetic rats. Full-thickness excisional skin wounds were made in 48 rats, of which 32 were diabetes. The diabetic rats were orally treated daily for 14 days with skin gelatin from Chum Salmon (2 g/kg) or its vehicle. Sixteen non-diabetic control rats received the same amount of water as vehicle-treated non-diabetic rats. Rats were killed to assess the rate of wound closure, microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hydroxyproline (HP) contents in wound tissues and nitrate in plasma and wound tissue at 7 and 14 days after wounding. Skin gelatin-treated diabetic rats showed a better wound closure, increased MVD, VEGF, hyproxyproline and NO contents and a reduced extent of inflammatory response. All parameters were significant (P < 0.05) in comparison to vehicle-treated diabetic group. In light of our finding that skin gelatin of Chum Salmon promotes skin wound repair in diabetic rats, we propose that oral administration of Chum Salmon skin gelatin might be a beneficial method for treating wound disorders associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-10-82801177; Fax: +86-10-82801177
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Li Z, Hu S, Ghosh Z, Han Z, Wu JC. Functional characterization and expression profiling of human induced pluripotent stem cell- and embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1701-10. [PMID: 21235328 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With regard to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), in which adult cells are reprogrammed into embryonic-like cells using defined factors, their functional and transcriptional expression pattern during endothelial differentiation has yet to be characterized. In this study, hiPSCs and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were differentiated using the embryoid body method, and CD31(+) cells were sorted. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) and hESC-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) demonstrated similar endothelial gene expression patterns. We showed functional vascular formation by hiPSC-ECs in a mouse Matrigel plug model. We compared the gene profiles of hiPSCs, hESCs, hiPSC-ECs, hESC-ECs, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using whole genome microarray. Our analysis demonstrates that gene expression variation of hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs contributes significantly to biological differences between hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs as well as to the "distances" among hiPSCs, hESCs, hiPSC-ECs, hESC-ECs, and HUVECs. We further conclude that hiPSCs can differentiate into functional endothelial cells, but with limited expansion potential compared with hESC-ECs; thus, extensive studies should be performed to explore the cause and extent of such differences before clinical application of hiPSC-ECs can begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5344, USA
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21
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Barruet E, Hadadeh O, Peiretti F, Renault VM, Hadjal Y, Bernot D, Tournaire R, Negre D, Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Binétruy B. p38 mitogen activated protein kinase controls two successive-steps during the early mesodermal commitment of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:1233-46. [PMID: 20954847 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate in vitro into all cell lineages. We previously found that the p38 mitogen activated kinase (p38MAPK) pathway controls the commitment of ES cells toward either cardiomyogenesis (p38 on) or neurogenesis (p38 off ). In this study, we show that p38α knock-out ES cells do not differentiate into cardiac, endothelial, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle lineages. Reexpression of p38MAPK in these cells partially rescues their mesodermal differentiation defects and corrects the high level of spontaneous neurogenesis of knock-out cells. Wild-type ES cells were treated with a p38MAPK-specific inhibitor during the differentiation process. These experiments allowed us to identify 2 early independent successive p38MAPK functions in the formation of mesodermal lineages. Further, the first one correlates with the regulation of the expression of Brachyury, an essential mesodermal-specific transcription factor, by p38MAPK. In conclusion, by genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that p38MAPK activity is essential for the commitment of ES cell into cardiac, endothelial, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle mesodermal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Inserm U626, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
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Hamed S, Egozi D, Kruchevsky D, Teot L, Gilhar A, Ullmann Y. Erythropoietin improves the survival of fat tissue after its transplantation in nude mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13986. [PMID: 21085572 PMCID: PMC2981551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous transplanted fat has a high resorption rate, providing a clinical challenge for the means to reduce it. Erythropoietin (EPO) has non-hematopoietic targets, and we hypothesized that EPO may improve long-term fat graft survival because it has both pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties. We aimed to determine the effect of EPO on the survival of human fat tissue after its transplantation in nude mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Human fat tissue was injected subcutaneously into immunologically-compromised nude mice, and the grafts were then treated with either 20 IU or 100 IU EPO. At the end of the 15-week study period, the extent of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and histology were assessed in the fat grafts. The results were compared to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated fat grafts. The weight and volume of the EPO-treated grafts were higher than those of the PBS-treated grafts, whose weights and volumes were not different from those of the VEGF-treated grafts. EPO treatment also increased the expression of angiogenic factors and microvascular density, and reduced inflammation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in the fat grafts. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that stimulation of angiogenesis by a cluster of angiogenic factors and decreased fat cell apoptosis account for potential mechanisms that underlie the improved long-term survival of fat transplants following EPO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Hamed
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Yue W, Pi QM, Zhang WJ, Zhou GD, Cui L, Liu W, Cao Y. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, and Flk-1 mark distinct populations of mouse embryonic stem cells during differentiation toward hematopoietic/endothelial cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1937-48. [PMID: 20491542 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and most hematopoietic cells express platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), which is the cell surface protein also expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. To better understand how PECAM-1(+) ES cells differentiate into PECAM-1(+) hematopoietic cells/ECs, 3 cell surface markers, PECAM-1, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), and Flk-1, were utilized to dissect the developmental process during ES cell differentiation in vitro. Undifferentiated ES cells expressed PECAM-1, with a majority of them coexpressing SSEA-1. During ES cell differentiation, expression of PECAM-1 decreased to give rise to PECAM-1⁻/SSEA-1(+) cells, which represented epiblast stem cells. Subsequently, Flk-1-expressing cells developed from PECAM-1⁻/SSEA-1(+) cells, becoming SSEA-1⁻/Flk-1(+) through the downregulation of SSEA-1 expression. Following this, a second wave of PECAM-1 expression, which represented the mature hematopoietic cells/ECs, developed from Flk-1(+) cells. Also, a small portion of PECAM-1(+)/SSEA-1(+) cells, which represented the residual undifferentiated ES cells, were consistently observed in long-term differentiated embryoid bodies. This work revealed a sequential change in PECAM-1, SSEA-1, and Flk-1 expression during ES cell differentiation; therefore, they could be valuable cell surface markers for isolating cells at distinct developmental stages in ES cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Kim H, Cho HJ, Kim SW, Liu B, Choi YJ, Lee J, Sohn YD, Lee MY, Houge MA, Yoon YS. CD31+ cells represent highly angiogenic and vasculogenic cells in bone marrow: novel role of nonendothelial CD31+ cells in neovascularization and their therapeutic effects on ischemic vascular disease. Circ Res 2010; 107:602-14. [PMID: 20634489 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.218396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow (BM) cells play an important role in physiological and therapeutic neovascularization. However, it remains unclear whether any specific uncultured BM cell populations have higher angiogenic and vasculogenic activities. Moreover, there has been controversy regarding the vasculogenic ability of BM cells. OBJECTIVE Preliminary flow cytometric analysis showed that CD31, traditionally a marker for endothelial cells, is expressed in certain nonendothelial BM mononuclear cells in both human and mouse. Based on the conserved CD31 expression in the axis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) to endothelial cells, we further sought to determine the comprehensive vasculogenic and angiogenic characteristics of human and mouse BM-derived CD31(+) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that all CD31(+) cells derived from BM were CD45(+) and expressed markers for both HSC/HPCs and endothelial cells. Comprehensive gene expression analyses revealed that BM-CD31(+) cells expressed higher levels of angiogenic genes than CD31(-) cells. Endothelial progenitor cells, as well as HSC/HPCs, were almost exclusively confined to the CD31(+) cell fraction, and culture of CD31(+) cells under defined conditions gave rise to endothelial cells. Finally, injection of CD31(+) cells into ischemic hindlimb repaired ischemia, increased expression of angiogenic and chemoattractive factors, and, in part, directly contributed to vasculogenesis, as demonstrated by both 3D confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that BM-CD31(+) cells represent highly angiogenic and vasculogenic cells and can be a novel and highly promising source of cells for cell therapy to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyongbum Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Hamed S, Ullmann Y, Masoud M, Hellou E, Khamaysi Z, Teot L. Topical Erythropoietin Promotes Wound Repair in Diabetic Rats. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:287-94. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li Z, Wilson KD, Smith B, Kraft DL, Jia F, Huang M, Xie X, Robbins RC, Gambhir SS, Weissman IL, Wu JC. Functional and transcriptional characterization of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells for treatment of myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8443. [PMID: 20046878 PMCID: PMC2795856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) has the potential to provide an unlimited source of cells for novel transplantation therapies of ischemic diseases by supporting angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, the endothelial differentiation efficiency of the conventional embryoid body (EB) method is low while the 2-dimensional method of co-culturing with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) require animal product, both of which can limit the future clinical application of hESC-ECs. Moreover, to fully understand the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy, investigators must be able to track the functional biology and physiology of transplanted cells in living subjects over time. METHODOLOGY In this study, we developed an extracellular matrix (ECM) culture system for increasing endothelial differentiation and free from contaminating animal cells. We investigated the transcriptional changes that occur during endothelial differentiation of hESCs using whole genome microarray, and compared to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also showed functional vascular formation by hESC-ECs in a mouse dorsal window model. Moreover, our study is the first so far to transplant hESC-ECs in a myocardial infarction model and monitor cell fate using molecular imaging methods. CONCLUSION Taken together, we report a more efficient method for derivation of hESC-ECs that express appropriate patterns of endothelial genes, form functional vessels in vivo, and improve cardiac function. These studies suggest that hESC-ECs may provide a novel therapy for ischemic heart disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kitchener D. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Smith
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Kraft
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Fangjun Jia
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Robbins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu N, Lu M, Feng XM, Ma FX, Fang ZH, Tian XM, Ren Q, Zhang L, Liu B, Huang PP, Liu L, Han ZC. Exogenous Nanog alleviates but is insufficient to reverse embryonic stem cells differentiation induced by PI3K signaling inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:1041-7. [PMID: 19229869 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PI3K signaling pathway plays a significant role in embryonic stem cells (ES cells) self-renewal. Overexpression of Nanog maintains mouse ES cells pluripotency independent of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). However, little is known about the effect of PI3K signaling pathway on ES cells with Nanog overexpression. Our experiments aimed to explore the relationship between PI3K signaling pathway and Nanog expression in ES cells. We observed the effect of LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K pathway, on wild-type J1 cells and Nanog overexpressing (Ex-Nanog) J1 cells in the presence or absence of LIF. With LY294002 treatment, both of them lost their ES features even in the presence of LIF. But the differentiation induced by LY294002 on Ex-Nanog J1 cells was slighter lower than that on wild-type J1 cells. These results indicate that inhibition of PI3K pathway induces mouse ES cells differentiation. Exogenous Nanog sustains mouse ES cells pluripotency independent of LIF, and alleviates the differentiation induced by LY294002. But it is insufficient to totally reverse the differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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28
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Locke M, Windsor J, Dunbar PR. Human adipose-derived stem cells: isolation, characterization and applications in surgery. ANZ J Surg 2009; 79:235-44. [PMID: 19432707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.04852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ideal stem cell for use in functional tissue engineering needs to be abundantly available, harvested with minimal morbidity, differentiated reliably down various pathways and able to be transplanted safely and efficaciously. Adult human adipose tissue contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells, termed 'adipose-derived stem cells' (ASC), which seem to fulfil most, if not all, of these criteria. ASC can be harvested readily, safely, and in relative abundance by modern liposuction techniques. They are capable of differentiating into other mesenchymal tissue types, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes and osteoblasts. They also show angiogenic properties, with recent evidence of a potential role in healing radiotherapy-damaged tissue, possibly due to their secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. Similarly, they may have a role in healing chronic wounds, and as such are being investigated in phase 1 trials for their ability to aid healing of recurrent Crohn's fistulae. Subsequently they have a wide range of potential clinical uses in all fields of surgery. This article reviews the current and potential clinical applications of ASC in relation to surgery, as well as methods for their isolation, differentiation and molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Locke
- Dunbar Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences,University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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29
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Imaging survival and function of transplanted cardiac resident stem cells. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1229-40. [PMID: 19341866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to characterize resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and investigate their therapeutic efficacy in myocardial infarction by molecular imaging methods. BACKGROUND CSCs have been isolated and characterized in vitro. These cells offer a provocative method to regenerate the damaged myocardium. However, the survival kinetics and function of transplanted CSCs have not been fully elucidated. METHODS CSCs were isolated from L2G85 transgenic mice (FVB strain background) that constitutively express both firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescence protein reporter gene. CSCs were characterized in vitro and transplanted in vivo into murine infarction models. Multimodality noninvasive imaging techniques were used to assess CSC survival and therapeutic efficacy for restoration of cardiac function. RESULTS CSCs can be isolated from L2G85 mice, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed expression of resident CSC markers (Sca-1, c-Kit) and mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD90, CD106). Afterwards, 5 x 10(5) CSCs (n = 30) or phosphate-buffered saline control (n = 15) was injected into the hearts of syngeneic FVB mice undergoing left anterior descending artery ligation. Bioluminescence imaging showed poor donor cell survival by week 8. Echocardiogram, invasive hemodynamic pressure-volume analysis, positron emission tomography imaging with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no significant difference in cardiac contractility and viability between the CSC and control group. Finally, postmortem analysis confirmed transplanted CSCs integrated with host cardiomyocytes by immunohistology. CONCLUSIONS In a mouse myocardial infarction model, Sca-1-positive CSCs provide no long-term engraftment and benefit to cardiac function as determined by multimodality imaging.
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30
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Liu N, Feng X, Fang Z, Ma F, Lu S, Lu M, Han Z. Identification of genes regulated by nanog which is involved in ES cells pluripotency and early differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:2348-62. [PMID: 18442017 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nanog plays an important role in embryonic stem (ES) cells pluripotency and self-renewal, yet the precise mechanism through which Nanog accomplishes this important function remains unclear. To understand comprehensive molecular mechanism by which Nanog mediates, we identified genome-wide molecular changes upon silencing Nanog in ES cells by using microarray technology. In order to downregulate Nanog expression efficiently, four siRNAs were designed on the basis of the conserved Nanog sequence and their effects on the Nanog expression were tested. Among these four siRNAs, Nanog-siRNA-P1 was found to be most effective. Once Nanog was downregulated, ES cells underwent differentiation by showing morphological change and decreased proliferation rate. Microarray analysis was then used to identify the altered gene expression after Nanog was silenced. A series of differentially expressed genes due to reduced expression of Nanog was identified as Nanog-related genes. These genes identified here could provide insights into the roles of Nanog in ES cells self-renewal and early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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31
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Seifert T, Stoelting S, Wagner T, Peters SO. Vasculogeneic maturation of E14 embryonic stem cells with evidence of early vascular endothelial growth factor independency. Differentiation 2008; 76:857-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Gualandris A, Noghero A, Geuna M, Arese M, Valdembri D, Serini G, Bussolino F. Microenvironment drives the endothelial or neural fate of differentiating embryonic stem cells coexpressing neuropilin-1 and Flk-1. FASEB J 2008; 23:68-78. [PMID: 18757501 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The observation that the architecture of the cardiovascular and nervous systems is drawn by common guidance cues and the closeness between neural progenitors and endothelial cells in the vascular niche strongly suggests the existence of links between endothelial and neural cell fates. We identified an embryonic stem cell-derived discrete, nonclonal cell population expressing the two vascular endothelial growth factor receptors neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and Flk1 that differentiates in vitro toward endothelial or neural phenotypes depending on microenvironmental cues. When microinjected in the chick embryo, Nrp1(+) cells integrate within the host, developing vessels and brain, and acquire endothelial and neural markers, respectively. These results show that precursors of endothelial cells and precursors of neural cells arise from the same pool of differentiating embryonic stem cells and share the expression of Nrp1 and Flk1. These data reinforce the parallelism between vascular and nervous system at the level of cell fate and commitment and open new perspective in regenerative medicine of neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gualandris
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
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Bergom C, Paddock C, Gao C, Holyst T, Newman DK, Newman PJ. An alternatively spliced isoform of PECAM-1 is expressed at high levels in human and murine tissues, and suggests a novel role for the C-terminus of PECAM-1 in cytoprotective signaling. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1235-42. [PMID: 18388311 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.025163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ig-ITIM family member PECAM-1 is expressed in vascular and endothelial cells, and its functions include suppression of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Previous studies have identified distinct PECAM-1 cytoplasmic domain splice variants at the mRNA, but not protein, level. Several relatively abundant mRNA isoforms lack exon 15 (Delta15) and would theoretically encode a protein with a truncated cytoplasmic domain and a unique C-terminal sequence. Using a novel rabbit polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes Delta15 PECAM-1, we found that the Delta15 PECAM-1 isoform was expressed in human tissues, including brain, testes and ovary. This isoform was also expressed on the cell surface of human platelets, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the Jurkat T-cell leukemia, human erythroleukemia (HEL) and U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, murine platelets and lung lysates demonstrated abundant amounts of exon-15-deficient PECAM-1. Functional studies revealed that Delta15 PECAM-1 retains both its homophilic binding capacity and its ability to signal by means of its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains. Delta15 PECAM-1 was unable, however, to protect against apoptosis induced by overexpression of Bax or treatment with the chemotherapy agent etoposide. These studies suggest a novel role for the PECAM-1 C-terminus in cytoprotective signaling and highlight a need for further characterization of expression of PECAM-1 isoforms in normal and malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bergom
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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34
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Wo YB, Zhu DY, Hu Y, Wang ZQ, Liu J, Lou YJ. Reactive oxygen species involved in prenylflavonoids, icariin and icaritin, initiating cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1536-50. [PMID: 17985362 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The significant promoting effects of some prenylflavonoids on cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway were investigated. The most effective differentiation was facilitated by icariin (ICA), followed by icaritin (ICT), while desmethylicaritin (DICT) displayed the weakest but still significant inducible effect. Contrarily, DICT demonstrated the strongest anti-oxidative activity while ICA displayed only little in vitro, which was well matched with the hydroxyl (OH) numbers and the positions in the molecular structures. Therefore, ROS signaling cascades were assumed to be involved in prenylflavonoids induced cardiomyogenesis. Treatment with ICA, intracellular ROS in embryoid bodies was rapidly elevated, which was abolished by the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin; elimination of intracellular ROS by vitamin E or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibited ICA induced cardiomyogenesis; ROS-sensitive extracellular-regulated kinase 1, 2 (ERK1, 2) and p38 activation were further observed, the cardiomyogenesis was significantly inhibited in the presence of ERK1, 2 or p38 inhibitor U0126 or SB203580, indicating the roles of NADPH-ROS-MAPKs signaling cascades in prenylflavonoids induced cardiac differentiation. There was no difference in Nox4 NADPH oxidase expression between ICA and ICT treatments, however, ROS concentration in EBs after ICT administration was lower than that after ICA treatment, followed by less activation of ERK1, 2, and p38. These results revealed that the significant promoting effects of prenylflavonoids on cardiac differentiation was at least partly via ROS signaling cascades, and the facilitating abilities preferentially based on the nature of prenylflavonoids themselves, but anti-oxidative activity determined by the OH numbers and the positions in the structures do influence the cardiomyogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bo Wo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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35
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Involvement of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation in icariin promoted cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:59-66. [PMID: 18423597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Icariin has been reported to facilitate the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into cardiomyocytes; however, the mechanism on cardiomyogenic cell lineage differentiation has not been fully elucidated yet. In the present studies, an underlying signaling network including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, 2 (ERK1, 2), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors c-jun and c-fos was assumed in icariin induced cardiomyogenesis. Icariin rapidly activated p38 and ERK1, 2 in embryoid bodies, treatment with p38 antagonist 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole (SB203580) or ERK1, 2 inhibitor 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene (U0126) significantly abolished icariin induced cardiac commitment, MEF2C gene expression and nuclear translocation, as well as cardiac-specific protein alpha-actinin expression, indicating that p38 and ERK1, 2 are specifically involved in icariin stimulated cardiomyogenic cell lineage differentiation of ES cells. Further, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB p65 translocation to the nucleus appeared rapidly when embryoid bodies exposed to icariin, and the expression of IkappaBalpha or NF-kappaB p65 in cytoplasm was decreased concomitantly. Moreover, icariin increased c-jun and c-fos mRNA and protein expression. Either SB203580 or U0126 displayed inhibitory effect on icariin induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. It could be concluded that p38 and ERK1, 2 are activated in a coordinated manner, which in turn contribute to NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation in icariin induced cardiomyogenic cell lineage differentiation of mouse ES cells.
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36
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Li Z, Suzuki Y, Huang M, Cao F, Xie X, Connolly AJ, Yang PC, Wu JC. Comparison of reporter gene and iron particle labeling for tracking fate of human embryonic stem cells and differentiated endothelial cells in living subjects. Stem Cells 2008; 26:864-73. [PMID: 18218820 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are pluripotent stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into virtually all cell types. Thus, they hold tremendous potential as cell sources for regenerative therapies. The concurrent development of accurate, sensitive, and noninvasive technologies capable of monitoring hES cells engraftment in vivo can greatly expedite basic research prior to future clinical translation. In this study, hES cells were stably transduced with a lentiviral vector carrying a novel double-fusion reporter gene that consists of firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescence protein. Reporter gene expression had no adverse effects on cell viability, proliferation, or differentiation to endothelial cells (human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells [hESC-ECs]). To compare the two popular imaging modalities, hES cells and hESC-ECs were then colabeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles before transplantation into murine hind limbs. Longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed persistent MR signals in both cell populations that lasted up to 4 weeks. By contrast, bioluminescence imaging indicated divergent signal patterns for hES cells and hESC-ECs. In particular, hESC-ECs showed significant bioluminescence signals at day 2, which decreased progressively over the following 4 weeks, whereas bioluminescence signals from undifferentiated hES cells increased dramatically during the same period. Post-mortem histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed teratoma formation after injection of undifferentiated hES cells but not hESC-ECs. From these data taken together, we concluded that reporter gene is a better marker for monitoring cell viability, whereas iron particle labeling is a better marker for high-resolution detection of cell location by MR. Furthermore, transplantation of predifferentiated rather than undifferentiated hES cells would be more suited for avoiding teratoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjin Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5344, USA
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Wu CC, Chao YC, Chen CN, Chien S, Chen YC, Chien CC, Chiu JJ, Linju Yen B. Synergism of biochemical and mechanical stimuli in the differentiation of human placenta-derived multipotent cells into endothelial cells. J Biomech 2008; 41:813-21. [PMID: 18190919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There have been intensive studies on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into endothelial cells. We investigated the endothelial differentiation of placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs), a population of CD34(-)/CD133(-)/Flk-1(-) cells. PDMCs were cultured in basal media or media containing endothelial growth factors (EGM), including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), for 3 days and then subjected to shear stress of 6 or 12dyn/cm(2) for 24h. Culture of PDMCs in EGM under static conditions resulted in significant increases in VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1) and receptor-2 (Flk-1) expression. Application of shear stress at 12dyn/cm(2) to these cells led to significant increases in their expression of von Willebrand Factor and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 at both the gene and protein levels. Shear stress at 6dyn/cm(2) had lesser effects. Uptakes of acetylated low-density lipoproteins as well as formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel were significantly increased after subjecting to shear stress of 12dyn/cm(2) for 24h. Our findings suggest that the combined use of endothelial growth factors and high shear stress is synergistic for the endothelial differentiation of PDMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Wu
- Cardiovascular and Blood Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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38
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An in situ hybridization-based screen for heterogeneously expressed genes in mouse ES cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2007; 8:181-98. [PMID: 18178135 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Zscan4 showed heterogeneous expression patterns in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. To identify genes that show similar expression patterns, we carried out high-throughput in situ hybridization assays on ES cell cultures for 244 genes. Most of the genes are involved in transcriptional regulation, and were selected using microarray-based comparisons of gene expression profiles in ES and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells versus differentiated cell types. Pou5f1 (Oct4, Oct3/4) and Krt8 (EndoA) were used as controls. Hybridization signals were detected on ES cell colonies for 147 genes (60%). The majority (136 genes) of them showed relatively homogeneous expression in ES cell colonies. However, we found that two genes unequivocally showed Zscan4-like spotted expression pattern (spot-in-colony pattern; Whsc2 and Rhox9). We also found that nine genes showed relatively heterogeneous expression pattern (mosaic-in-colony pattern: Zfp42/Rex1, Rest, Atf4, Pa2g4, E2f2, Nanog, Dppa3/Pgc7/Stella, Esrrb, and Fscn1). Among these genes, Zfp42/Rex1 showed unequivocally heterogeneous expression in individual ES cells prepared by the CytoSpin. These results show the presence of different types or states of cells within ES cell cultures otherwise thought to be undifferentiated and homogeneous, suggesting a previously unappreciated complexity in ES cell cultures.
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Prandini MH, Desroches-Castan A, Feraud O, Vittet D. No evidence for vasculogenesis regulation by angiostatin during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2007; 213:27-35. [PMID: 17450519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the formation of blood vessels proceeds by both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Both processes appear to be finely regulated. To date, factors and genes involved in the negative regulation of embryonic vasculogenesis remain largely unknown. Angiostatin is a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen that acts as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the potential role of angiostatin during early stages of embryonic stem (ES) cell endothelial in vitro differentiation, as a model of vasculogenesis. We found an early expression of the known angiostatin binding sites (angiomotin, alphav integrin and c-met oncogene) during ES cell differentiation. Nevertheless, we did not detect any significant effect of angiostatin on mesoderm induction and on differentiation commitment into cells of the endothelial lineage. In both control and angiostatin-treated conditions, the temporal and extent of formation of the Flk1 positive and Flk-1/CD31 (PECAM-1) positive cell populations were not significantly different. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments of endothelial gene expression (Flk-1, PECAM-1 and tie-2) confirm a lack of interference with early steps of endothelial differentiation in embryoid bodies. No evidence for an angiostatin effect on endothelial cord-like formation could be detected at later differentiation stages. On the other hand, angiostatin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial sprouting from embryoid bodies cultured in three dimensional type I collagen gels. Taken together, these findings support a selective inhibitory effect on the sprouting angiogenesis response for angiostatin during embryonic vascular development.
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Mallet C, Vittet D, Feige JJ, Bailly S. TGFbeta1 induces vasculogenesis and inhibits angiogenic sprouting in an embryonic stem cell differentiation model: respective contribution of ALK1 and ALK5. Stem Cells 2006; 24:2420-7. [PMID: 17071858 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a multipotent cytokine that is involved in the regulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the actions of TGFbeta1 on vascular cells in vitro and in vivo are extremely complex and still incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TGFbeta1 and its two type I receptors, activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) and ALK5, in an embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation model that recapitulates the developmental steps of vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis. We show that TGFbeta1 increases endothelial cell differentiation in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-independent manner and inhibits endothelial tube formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that undifferentiated ESCs express ALK5 but do not express ALK1, with ALK1 being expressed only after day 5 of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that constitutively active forms of ALK1 and ALK5 both inhibit growth factor-induced endothelial sprouting from embryoid bodies. In conclusion, the use of this ESC differentiation model allowed us to propose the following model: at early stages of development, TGFbeta1, through the ALK5 receptor, is provasculogenic in a VEGF-independent manner. Later, in differentiated endothelial cells in which both ALK1 and ALK5 are expressed, both receptors are implicated in inhibition of sprouting angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Activin Receptors, Type II
- Animals
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/embryology
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryonic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mallet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) EMI 01-05, Département Réponse et Dynamique Cellulaires (DRDC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Grenoble, France
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