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Kempf CL, Sammani S, Bermudez T, Song JH, Hernon VR, Hufford MK, Burt J, Camp SM, Dudek SM, Garcia JG. Critical Role for the Lung Endothelial Non‐Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Isoform in the Severity of Inflammatory Murine Lung Injury. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12061. [PMID: 35514774 PMCID: PMC9063969 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Kempf
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jin H. Song
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | | | - Matthew K. Hufford
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jessica Burt
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
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Pellowe AS, Sauler M, Hou Y, Merola J, Liu R, Calderon B, Lauridsen HM, Harris MR, Leng L, Zhang Y, Tilstam PV, Pober JS, Bucala R, Lee PJ, Gonzalez AL. Endothelial cell-secreted MIF reduces pericyte contractility and enhances neutrophil extravasation. FASEB J 2019; 33:2171-2186. [PMID: 30252532 PMCID: PMC6338650 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800480r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophil extravasation contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Pericytes (PCs) have been implicated in the regulation of neutrophil transmigration, and previous work demonstrates that endothelial cell (EC)-derived signals reduce PC barrier function; however, the signaling mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for EC-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in inhibiting PC contractility and facilitating neutrophil transmigration. With the use of micro-ELISAs, RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry, we found that ECs secrete MIF, and PCs upregulate CD74 in response to TNF-α. We demonstrate that EC-derived MIF decreases PC contractility on 2-dimensional silicone substrates via reduction of phosphorylated myosin light chain. With the use of an in vitro microvascular model of the human EC-PC barrier, we demonstrate that MIF decreases the PC barrier to human neutrophil transmigration by increasing intercellular PC gap formation. For the first time, an EC-specific MIF knockout mouse was used to investigate the effects of selective deletion of EC MIF. In a model of acute lung injury, selective deletion of EC MIF decreases neutrophil infiltration to the bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue and simultaneously decreases PC relaxation by increasing myosin light-chain phosphorylation. We conclude that paracrine signals from EC via MIF decrease PC contraction and enhance PC-regulated neutrophil transmigration.-Pellowe, A. S., Sauler, M., Hou, Y., Merola, J., Liu, R., Calderon, B., Lauridsen, H. M., Harris, M. R., Leng, L., Zhang, Y., Tilstam, P. V., Pober, J. S., Bucala, R., Lee, P. J., Gonzalez, A. L. Endothelial cell-secreted MIF reduces pericyte contractility and enhances neutrophil extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Pellowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan Merola
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebecca Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brenda Calderon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Holly M. Lauridsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mariah R. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pathricia V. Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patty J. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjelica L. Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Nahar A, Kadokawa H. Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in bovine oviducts is higher in the postovulatory phase than during the oestrus and luteal phase. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1521-1529. [PMID: 27465152 DOI: 10.1071/rd15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the bovine oviduct is important for early embryogenesis has not been well substantiated. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that bovine oviduct expresses higher levels of MIF during the post-ovulation phase. Both ampullary and isthmic samples were collected from Japanese black heifers during oestrus (Day 0; n=5), postovulation (Day 3; n=6) and luteal phase (Days 9-12; n=5). MIF mRNA and protein were extracted from the ampullary and isthmic samples and their levels measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis respectively. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen ampullary and isthmic sections using antibodies against MIF. MIF mRNA and protein expression was higher in the postovulatory phase than during oestrus and the luteal phase (P<0.05). Fluorescent immunohistochemistry confirmed that in all phases of the oestrous cycle evaluated, the primary site of MIF expression in the ampulla and isthmus was the tunica mucosa. In conclusion, the bovine ampulla and isthmus have higher MIF expression during the postovulatory phase. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of MIF in bovine oviducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrafun Nahar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 753-8515, Japan
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4
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-Induced Autophagy Contributes to Thrombin-Triggered Endothelial Hyperpermeability in Sepsis. Shock 2018; 50:103-111. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Non-muscular myosin light chain kinase triggers intermittent hypoxia-induced interleukin-6 release, endothelial dysfunction and permeability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13664. [PMID: 29057883 PMCID: PMC5651916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) which alters endothelial function, induces inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular diseases. The non-muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) isoform contributes to endothelial cell-cell junction opening. Deletion of nmMLCK protects mice from death in septic shock models and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. The aim of the study was to analyze the implication of nmMLCK in IH-induced vascular inflammation. Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to 6 hours of IH in absence or presence of nmMLCK inhibitors, ML-7 (5 µM) or PIK (150 µM). IH increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, p65-NFκB activation and IL-6 secretion. While nmMLCK inhibition did not prevent IH-induced ROS production and p65-NFκB activation, it decreased NO production and partially prevented IL-6 secretion. IH-induced IL-6 secretion and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated vesicles re-organization were inhibited in presence of the inhibitor of protein secretion, brefeldin A, or ML-7. IH increased monocytes transendothelial migration that was partially prevented by ML-7. Finally, IH reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine of aortas from wild-type but not those taken from nmMLCK-deficient mice. These results suggest that nmMLCK participates to IH-induced endothelial dysfunction resulting from cytokines secretion and endothelial permeability.
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6
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Nahar A, Kadokawa H. Suppressed expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the oviducts of lean and obese cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:655-62. [PMID: 25426961 DOI: 10.1071/rd14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oviducts synthesise macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to promote sperm capacitation and embryogenesis. This study aimed to test a hypothesis that the oviducts of obese cows may express MIF at a lower level than those of normal and lean cows. Ampullar and isthmic oviduct sections were collected from lean (n=5; body condition score (BCS) on a 5-point scale, 2.5), normal (n=6; BCS, 3.0) and obese (n=5; BCS, 4.0) Japanese Black cows. MIF mRNA and protein were extracted from ampullae and isthmuses and their levels measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen sections of ampullae and isthmuses by using antibodies to MIF. MIF mRNA and protein expression were lower in the obese and lean groups than in the normal group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the primary site of MIF expression in the ampulla and isthmus is the tunica mucosa. In conclusion, obese cows have suppressed MIF expression in the ampullae and isthmuses of their oviducts, as hypothesised, but, unexpectedly, MIF expression was also lower in lean cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrafun Nahar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 1677-1, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 1677-1, Japan
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7
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Khapchaev AY, Shirinsky VP. Myosin Light Chain Kinase MYLK1: Anatomy, Interactions, Functions, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1676-1697. [PMID: 28260490 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791613006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the results of molecular and cellular investigations of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, MYLK1), the key regulator of cell motility. The structure and regulation of a complex mylk1 gene and the domain organization of its products is presented. The interactions of the mylk1 gene protein products with other proteins and posttranslational modifications of the mylk1 gene protein products are reviewed, which altogether might determine the role and place of MLCK in physiological and pathological reactions of cells and entire organisms. Translational potential of MLCK as a drug target is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Khapchaev
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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Vilitkevich EL, Khapchaev AY, Kudryashov DS, Nikashin AV, Schavocky JP, Lukas TJ, Watterson DM, Shirinsky VP. Phosphorylation Regulates Interaction of 210-kDa Myosin Light Chain Kinase N-terminal Domain with Actin Cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1288-97. [PMID: 26567572 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) is a multifunctional protein involved in myosin II activation and integration of cytoskeletal components in cells. MLCK210 possesses actin-binding regions both in the central part of the molecule and in its N-terminal tail domain. In HeLa cells, mitotic protein kinase Aurora B was suggested to phosphorylate MLCK210 N-terminal tail at serine residues (Dulyaninova, N. G., and Bresnick, A. R. (2004) Exp. Cell Res., 299, 303-314), but the functional significance of the phosphorylation was not established. We report here that in vitro, the N-terminal actin-binding domain of MLCK210 is located within residues 27-157 (N27-157, avian MLCK210 sequence) and is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Aurora B at serine residues 140/149 leading to a decrease in N27-157 binding to actin. The same residues are phosphorylated in a PKA-dependent manner in transfected HeLa cells. Further, in transfected cells, phosphomimetic mutants of N27-157 showed reduced association with the detergent-stable cytoskeleton, whereas in vitro, the single S149D mutation reduced N27-157 association with F-actin to a similar extent as that achieved by N27-157 phosphorylation. Altogether, our results indicate that phosphorylation of MLCK210 at distinct serine residues, mainly at S149, attenuates the interaction of MLCK210 N-terminus with the actin cytoskeleton and might serve to regulate MLCK210 microfilament cross-linking activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Vilitkevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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9
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Shen K, Ramirez B, Mapes B, Shen GR, Gokhale V, Brown ME, Santarsiero B, Ishii Y, Dudek SM, Wang T, Garcia JGN. Structure-Function Analysis of the Non-Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase (nmMLCK) Isoform by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling: Influence of MYLK Variants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130515. [PMID: 26111161 PMCID: PMC4482139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The MYLK gene encodes the multifunctional enzyme, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), involved in isoform-specific non-muscle and smooth muscle contraction and regulation of vascular permeability during inflammation. Three MYLK SNPs (P21H, S147P, V261A) alter the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the non-muscle isoform of MLCK (nmMLCK) and are highly associated with susceptibility to acute lung injury (ALI) and asthma, especially in individuals of African descent. To understand the functional effects of SNP associations, we examined the N-terminal segments of nmMLCK by 1H-15N heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy, a 2-D NMR technique, and by in silico molecular modeling. Both NMR analysis and molecular modeling indicated SNP localization to loops that connect the immunoglobulin-like domains of nmMLCK, consistent with minimal structural changes evoked by these SNPs. Molecular modeling analysis identified protein-protein interaction motifs adversely affected by these MYLK SNPs including binding by the scaffold protein 14-3-3, results confirmed by immunoprecipitation and western blot studies. These structure-function studies suggest novel mechanisms for nmMLCK regulation, which may confirm MYLK as a candidate gene in inflammatory lung disease and advance knowledge of the genetic underpinning of lung-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Shen
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Ramirez
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brandon Mapes
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Grace R. Shen
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- College of Pharmacy and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Brown
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bernard Santarsiero
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mathew B, Jacobson JR, Siegler JH, Moitra J, Blasco M, Xie L, Unzueta C, Zhou T, Evenoski C, Al-Sakka M, Sharma R, Huey B, Bulent A, Smith B, Jayaraman S, Reddy NM, Reddy SP, Fingerle-Rowson G, Bucala R, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Weichselbaum RR, Garcia JGN. Role of migratory inhibition factor in age-related susceptibility to radiation lung injury via NF-E2-related factor-2 and antioxidant regulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:269-78. [PMID: 23526214 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0291oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular injury and increased vascular leakage are prominent features of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), and often follow cancer-associated thoracic irradiation. Our previous studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the gene (MIF) encoding macrophage migratory inhibition factor (MIF), a multifunctional pleiotropic cytokine, confer susceptibility to acute inflammatory lung injury and increased vascular permeability, particularly in senescent mice. In this study, we exposed wild-type and genetically engineered mif(-/-) mice to 20 Gy single-fraction thoracic radiation to investigate the age-related role of MIF in murine RILI (mice were aged 8 wk, 8 mo, or 16 mo). Relative to 8-week-old mice, decreased MIF was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue of 8- to 16-month-old wild-type mice. In addition, radiated 8- to 16-month-old mif(-/-) mice exhibited significantly decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total antioxidant concentrations with progressive age-related decreases in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor involved in antioxidant gene up-regulation in response to reactive oxygen species. This was accompanied by decreases in both protein concentrations (NQO1, GCLC, and heme oxygenase-1) and mRNA concentrations (Gpx1, Prdx1, and Txn1) of Nrf2-influenced antioxidant gene targets. In addition, MIF-silenced (short, interfering RNA) human lung endothelial cells failed to express Nrf2 after oxidative (H2O2) challenge, an effect reversed by recombinant MIF administration. However, treatment with an antioxidant (glutathione reduced ester), but not an Nrf2 substrate (N-acetyl cysteine), protected aged mif(-/-) mice from RILI. These findings implicate an important role for MIF in radiation-induced changes in lung-cell antioxidant concentrations via Nrf2, and suggest that MIF may contribute to age-related susceptibility to thoracic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Mathew
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7227, USA
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11
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Ait-Belgnaoui A, Durand H, Cartier C, Chaumaz G, Eutamene H, Ferrier L, Houdeau E, Fioramonti J, Bueno L, Theodorou V. Prevention of gut leakiness by a probiotic treatment leads to attenuated HPA response to an acute psychological stress in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1885-95. [PMID: 22541937 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal barrier impairment is incriminated in the pathophysiology of intestinal gut disorders associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Increased intestinal permeability associated with upload of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation induces depressive symptoms. Gut microbiota and probiotics alter behavior and brain neurochemistry. Since Lactobacillus farciminis suppresses stress-induced hyperpermeability, we examined whether (i) L. farciminis affects the HPA axis stress response, (ii) stress induces changes in LPS translocation and central cytokine expression which may be reversed by L. farciminis, (iii) the prevention of "leaky" gut and LPS upload are involved in these effects. METHODS At the end of the following treatments female rats were submitted to a partial restraint stress (PRS) or sham-PRS: (i) oral administration of L. farciminis during 2 weeks, (ii) intraperitoneal administration of ML-7 (a specific myosin light chain kinase inhibitor), (iii) antibiotic administration in drinking water during 12 days. After PRS or sham-PRS session, we evaluated LPS levels in portal blood, plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and colonic paracellular permeability (CPP). RESULTS PRS increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone; hypothalamic CRF and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression; CPP and portal blood concentration of LPS. L. farciminis and ML-7 suppressed stress-induced hyperpermeability, endotoxemia and prevented HPA axis stress response and neuroinflammation. Antibiotic reduction of luminal LPS concentration prevented HPA axis stress response and increased hypothalamic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION The attenuation of the HPA axis response to stress by L. farciminis depends upon the prevention of intestinal barrier impairment and decrease of circulating LPS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Ait-Belgnaoui
- Neuro-Gastroentérologie and Nutrition Team, TOXALIM, UMR 1331-INRA/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Tauseef M, Knezevic N, Chava KR, Smith M, Sukriti S, Gianaris N, Obukhov AG, Vogel SM, Schraufnagel DE, Dietrich A, Birnbaumer L, Malik AB, Mehta D. TLR4 activation of TRPC6-dependent calcium signaling mediates endotoxin-induced lung vascular permeability and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1953-68. [PMID: 23045603 PMCID: PMC3478927 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung vascular endothelial barrier disruption and the accompanying inflammation are primary pathogenic features of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the basis for the development of both remains unclear. Studies have shown that activation of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels induces Ca(2+) entry, which is essential for increased endothelial permeability. Here, we addressed the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) intersection with TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) in mediating lung vascular leakage and inflammation. We find that the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs in a TLR4-dependent manner. Moreover, deletion of TRPC6 renders mice resistant to endotoxin-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation, and protects against sepsis-induced lethality. TRPC6 induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs, which is secondary to the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) induced by LPS. Ca(2+) entry mediated by TRPC6, in turn, activates the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), which not only increases lung vascular permeability but also serves as a scaffold to promote the interaction of myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1R-associated kinase 4, which are required for NF-κB activation and lung inflammation. Our findings suggest that TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) entry into ECs, secondary to TLR4-induced DAG generation, participates in mediating both lung vascular barrier disruption and inflammation induced by endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, 2 Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 61605, USA
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Xie L, Qiao X, Wu Y, Tang J. β-Arrestin1 mediates the endocytosis and functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16428. [PMID: 21283538 PMCID: PMC3026819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, regulating inflammatory and immune responses. MIF binds to cell surface receptor CD74, resulting in both rapid and sustained ERK activation. It was reported that MIF-induced rapid ERK activation requires its co-receptor CD44. But the exact mechanism underlying sustained ERK activation is not well understood. In the current study, we described a detailed mechanism of MIF mediated sustained ERK activation. We found that β-arrestin1, a scaffold protein involved in the activation of the MAPK cascade, interacts with CD74 upon MIF stimulation, resulting in CD74-mediated MIF endocytosis in a chlorpromazine (CPZ)-sensitive manner. β-arrestin1 is also involved in endocytotic MIF signaling, leading to sustained ERK activation. Therefore β-arrestin1 plays a central role in coupling MIF endocytosis to sustained ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Xie
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yuan JXJ, Garcia JG, West JB, Hales CA, Rich S, Archer SL. Genomics of Acute Lung Injury and Vascular Barrier Dysfunction. TEXTBOOK OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122529 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating syndrome of diffuse alveolar damage that develops via a variety of local and systemic insults such as sepsis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. It is interestingly to note that only a subset of individuals exposed to potential ALI-inciting insults develop the disorder and the severity of the disease varies from complete resolution to death. In addition, ALI susceptibility and severity are also affected by ethnicity as evidenced by the higher mortality rates observed in African-American ALI patients compared with other ethnic groups in the USA. Moreover, marked differences in strain-specific ALI responses to inflammatory and injurious agents are observed in preclinical animal models. Together, these observations strongly indicate genetic components to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. The identification of genes contributing to ALI would potentially provide a better understanding of ALI pathobiology, yield novel biomarkers, identify individuals or populations at risk, and prove useful for the development of novel and individualized therapies. Genome-wide searches in animal models have identified a number of quantitative trait loci that associate with ALI susceptibility. In this chapter, we utilize a systems biology approach combining cellular signaling pathway analysis with population- based association studies to review established and suspected candidate genes that contribute to dysfunction of endothelial cell barrier integrity and ALI susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Departments of Medicine, COMRB Rm. 3131 (MC 719), University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, 60612 Illinois USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- 310 Admin.Office Building (MC 672), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1737 W. Polk Street, Suite 310, Chicago, 60612 Illinois USA
| | - John B. West
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0623 California USA
| | - Charles A. Hales
- Dept. Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114 Massachusetts USA
| | - Stuart Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637 Illinois USA
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637 Illinois USA
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Dudek SM, Chiang ET, Camp SM, Guo Y, Zhao J, Brown ME, Singleton PA, Wang L, Desai A, Arce FT, Lal R, Van Eyk JE, Imam SZ, Garcia JGN. Abl tyrosine kinase phosphorylates nonmuscle Myosin light chain kinase to regulate endothelial barrier function. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4042-56. [PMID: 20861316 PMCID: PMC2982111 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-10-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identified multiple novel c-Abl–mediated nmMLCK phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy and examined their influence on nmMLCK function and human lung endothelial barrier regulation. The data indicate an essential role for Abl kinase in vascular barrier regulation via phosphorylation of nmMLCK and the actin-binding protein cortactin. Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK), a multi-functional cytoskeletal protein critical to vascular homeostasis, is highly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. We identified multiple novel c-Abl–mediated nmMLCK phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy analysis (including Y231, Y464, Y556, Y846) and examined their influence on nmMLCK function and human lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier regulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of nmMLCK increased kinase activity, reversed nmMLCK-mediated inhibition of Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization, and enhanced binding to the critical actin-binding phosphotyrosine protein, cortactin. EC challenge with sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a potent barrier-enhancing agonist, resulted in c-Abl and phosphorylated nmMLCK recruitment into caveolin-enriched microdomains, rapid increases in Abl kinase activity, and spatial targeting of c-Abl to barrier-promoting cortical actin structures. Conversely, reduced c-Abl expression in EC (siRNA) markedly attenuated S1P-mediated cortical actin formation, reduced the EC modulus of elasticity (assessed by atomic force microscopy), reduced nmMLCK and cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, and attenuated S1P-mediated barrier enhancement. These studies indicate an essential role for Abl kinase in vascular barrier regulation via posttranslational modification of nmMLCK and strongly support c-Abl-cortactin-nmMLCK interaction as a novel determinant of cortical actin-based cytoskeletal rearrangement critical to S1P-mediated EC barrier enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Dudek
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Allosteric inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor revealed by ibudilast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11313-8. [PMID: 20534506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1002716107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AV411 (ibudilast; 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyridine) is an antiinflammatory drug that was initially developed for the treatment of bronchial asthma but which also has been used for cerebrovascular and ocular indications. It is a nonselective inhibitor of various phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and has varied antiinflammatory activity. More recently, AV411 has been studied as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of neuropathic pain and opioid withdrawal through its actions on glial cells. As described herein, the PDE inhibitor AV411 and its PDE-inhibition-compromised analog AV1013 inhibit the catalytic and chemotactic functions of the proinflammatory protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Enzymatic analysis indicates that these compounds are noncompetitive inhibitors of the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) tautomerase activity of MIF and an allosteric binding site of AV411 and AV1013 is detected by NMR. The allosteric inhibition mechanism is further elucidated by X-ray crystallography based on the MIF/AV1013 binary and MIF/AV1013/HPP ternary complexes. In addition, our antibody experiments directed against MIF receptors indicate that CXCR2 is the major receptor for MIF-mediated chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Wadgaonkar R, Somnay K, Garcia JG. Thrombin induced secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its effect on nuclear signaling in endothelium. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:1279-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Gao L, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Stockton-Porter M, Watkins T, Gao P, Chi P, Muñoz M, Watson H, Dunston G, Togias A, Hansel N, Sevransky J, Maloney JP, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Brower R, Garcia JGN, Grigoryev DN, Cheadle C, Beaty TH, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene that confer risk of severe sepsis are associated with a lower risk of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1111-8. [PMID: 17472811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) is a multifunctional protein involved in regulation of airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of MYLK gene variants in asthma among African Caribbean and African American populations. METHODS We performed association tests between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MYLK gene and asthma susceptibility and total serum IgE concentrations in 2 independent, family-based populations of African descent. Previously we identified variants/haplotypes in MYLK that confer risk for sepsis and acute lung injury; we compared findings from our asthma populations to findings in the African American sepsis and acute lung injury groups. RESULTS Significant associations between MYLK SNPs and asthma and total serum IgE concentrations were observed in the African Caribbean families: a promoter SNP (rs936170) in the smooth muscle form gave the strongest association (P = .009). A haplotype including rs936170 corresponding to the actin-binding activity of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle forms was negatively associated with asthma (eg, decreased risk) in both the American (P = .005) and Caribbean families (P = .004), and was the same haplotype that conferred risk for severe sepsis (P = .002). RNA expression studies on PBMCs and rs936170 suggested a significant decrease in MYLK expression among patients with asthma with this variant (P = .025). CONCLUSION MYLK polymorphisms may function as a common genetic factor in clinically distinct diseases involving bronchial smooth muscle contraction and inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Genetic variants in MYLK are significantly associated with both asthma and sepsis in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Gao L, Flores C, Ma SF, Miller EJ, Moitra J, Moreno L, Wadgaonkar R, Simon B, Brower R, Sevransky J, Tuder RM, Maloney JP, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Yates CR, Meduri GU, Ye SQ, Barnes KC, Garcia JG. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute lung injury: expression, biomarker, and associations. Transl Res 2007; 150:18-29. [PMID: 17585860 PMCID: PMC1989118 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine central to the response to endotoxemia, is a putative biomarker in acute lung injury (ALI). To explore MIF as a molecular target and candidate gene in ALI, the MIF gene and protein expression were examined in murine and canine models of ALI (high tidal volume mechanical ventilation, endotoxin exposure) and in patients with either sepsis or sepsis-induced ALI. MIF gene expression and protein levels were significantly increased in each ALI model, with serum MIF levels significantly higher in patients with either sepsis or ALI compared with healthy controls (African- and European-descent). The association of 8 MIF gene polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) (within a 9.7-kb interval on chromosome 22q11.23) with the development of sepsis and ALI in European-descent and African-descent populations was studied next. Genotyping in 506 DNA samples (sepsis patients, sepsis-associated ALI patients, and healthy controls) revealed haplotypes located in the 3' end of the MIF gene, but not individual SNPs, associated with sepsis and ALI in both populations. These data, generated via functional genomic and genetic approaches, suggest that MIF is a relevant molecular target in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Flores
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jaideep Moitra
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liliana Moreno
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Brett Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roy Brower
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Sevransky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James P. Maloney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc Moss
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Shanholtz
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C. Ryan Yates
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Shui Q. Ye
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Carusio N, Wangensteen R, Ohlmann P, Loichot C, Tesse A, Chalupsky K, Lobysheva I, Haiech J, Watterson DM, Andriantsitohaina R. Protection against endotoxic shock as a consequence of reduced nitrosative stress in MLCK210-null mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:439-46. [PMID: 17255312 PMCID: PMC1851870 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the consequences of deletion of the long isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) on the cardiovascular changes induced by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation puncture using MLCK210-/- mice. Here, we provide evidence that deletion of MLCK210 enhanced survival after intraperitoneal injection of LPS or cecal ligation puncture. LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agents was completely prevented in aorta from MLCK210-/- mice. This was associated with a decreased up-regulation of nuclear facor-kappaB expression and activity, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and level of oxidative stress in the vascular media. Furthermore, LPS-induced increase of nitric oxide production in the circulation and tissues (including heart, liver, and lung) that was correlated with an increased expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase was also reduced in MLCK210-/- mice. These data demonstrate a role for MLCK210 in endotoxin shock injury associated with oxidative and nitrosative stresses and vascular hyporeactivity.
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Winner M, Koong AC, Rendon BE, Zundel W, Mitchell RA. Amplification of tumor hypoxic responses by macrophage migration inhibitory factor-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization. Cancer Res 2007; 67:186-93. [PMID: 17210698 PMCID: PMC2941512 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension-mediated transcription by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) has been reported to facilitate tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and metastatic adaptation. One previously described target of hypoxia-mediated transcription is the cytokine/growth factor macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In studies designed to better understand hypoxia-stimulated MIF function, we have discovered that not only is MIF induced by hypoxia in pancreatic adenocarcinoma but MIF is also necessary for maximal hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha expression. Cells lacking MIF are defective in hypoxia- and prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor-induced HIF-1alpha stabilization and subsequent transcription of glycolytic and angiogenic gene products. Moreover, COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5), a component of the COP9 signalosome previously reported to functionally interact with MIF, has recently been shown to interact with and stabilize HIF-1alpha. Our results indicate that MIF interacts with CSN5 in pancreatic cancer cells and that MIF-depleted cells display marked defects in hypoxia-induced CSN5/HIF-1alpha interactions. This functional interdependence between HIF-1alpha and MIF may represent an important and previously unrecognized pro-tumorigenic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Winner
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Albert C. Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Beatriz E. Rendon
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wayne Zundel
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert A. Mitchell
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Morand EF, Leech M, Bernhagen J. MIF: a new cytokine link between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5:399-410. [PMID: 16628200 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is well established as a key cytokine in immuno-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation is now also recognized as having a crucial role in atherosclerosis, and recent evidence indicates that MIF could also be important in this disease. Here, we review the role of MIF in rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, discuss the ways in which MIF and its relationship with glucocorticoids could link these diseases, and consider the potential of MIF as a new therapeutic target for small-molecule and antibody-based anti-cytokine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Institute for Medical Research, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Gao L, Grant A, Halder I, Brower R, Sevransky J, Maloney JP, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Yates CR, Meduri GU, Shriver MD, Ingersoll R, Scott AF, Beaty TH, Moitra J, Ma SF, Ye SQ, Barnes KC, Garcia JGN. Novel polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene confer risk for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 34:487-95. [PMID: 16399953 PMCID: PMC2644210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0404oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of acute lung injury (ALI) is poorly understood. The myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene encodes the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase isoform, a multifunctional protein involved in the inflammatory response (apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis). To examine MYLK as a novel candidate gene in sepsis-associated ALI, we sequenced exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 2 kb of 5' UTR of the MYLK, which revealed 51 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Potential association of 28 MYLK SNPs with sepsis-associated ALI were evaluated in a case-control sample of 288 European American subjects (EAs) with sepsis alone, subjects with sepsis-associated ALI, or healthy control subjects, and a sample population of 158 African American subjects (AAs) with sepsis and ALI. Significant single locus associations in EAs were observed between four MYLK SNPs and the sepsis phenotype (P<0.001), with an additional SNP associated with the ALI phenotype (P=0.03). A significant association of a single SNP (identical to the SNP identified in EAs) was observed in AAs with sepsis (P=0.002) and with ALI (P=0.01). Three sepsis risk-conferring haplotypes in EAs were defined downstream of start codon of smooth muscle MYLK isoform, a region containing putative regulatory elements (P<0.001). In contrast, multiple haplotypic analyses revealed an ALI-specific, risk-conferring haplotype at 5' of the MYLK gene in both European and African Americans and an additional 3' region haplotype only in African Americans. These data strongly implicate MYLK genetic variants to confer increased risk of sepsis and sepsis-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, W604, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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