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Chen J, Cui Z, Yang S, Wu C, Li W, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang J. The upregulation of annexin A2 after spinal cord injury in rats may have implication for astrocyte proliferation. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:67-76. [PMID: 27836325 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2), is a member of the annexin family of proteins that exhibit Ca2+-dependent binding to phospholipids. One attractive biological function of ANXA2 is participating in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that ANXA2 play a role in the development of the central nervous system. However, the biological function of ANXA2 after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still with limited acquaintance. In the present study, we performed a SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of ANXA2 expression in the spinal cord. Western blot analysis indicated a striking expression upregulation of ANXA2 after SCI. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed that ANXA2 immunoactivity was expressed at low levels in normal condition and increased at 5day after SCI. Double immunofluorescence staining prompted that ANXA2 immunoreactivity was found in astrocytes and neurons. Interestingly, ANXA2 expression was increased predominantly in astrocytes. We also examined the expression profiles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1 and active caspase-3 in the injured spinal cords by western blot. Co-expression of ANXA2/PCNA, ANXA2/Cyclin D1 was detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein. Importantly, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA appeared in many ANXA2-expressing cells and rare caspase-3 was observed in ANXA2-expressing cells after SCI. In addition, ANXA2 knockdown in astrocytes resulted in the increase of PCNA expression after LPS stimulation, showing that ANXA2 inhibited astrocyte proliferation after inflammation. Our data suggested that ANXA2 might play important roles in CNS pathophysiology after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saishuai Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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A functional proteomics approach to the comprehension of sarcoidosis. J Proteomics 2015; 128:375-87. [PMID: 26342673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcoidosis (Sar) is an idiopathic disease histologically typified by non-caseating epitheliod cell sarcoid granulomas. A cohort of 37 Sar patients with chronic persistent pulmonary disease was described in this study. BAL protein profiles from 9 of these Sar patients were compared with those from 8 smoker (SC) and 10 no-smoker controls (NSC) by proteomic approach. Principal Component Analysis was performed to clusterize the samples in the corresponding conditions highlighting a differential pattern profiles primarily in Sar than SC. Spot identification reveals thirty-four unique proteins involved in lipid, mineral, and vitamin Dmetabolism, and immuneregulation of macrophage function. Enrichment analysis has been elaborated by MetaCore, revealing 14-3-3ε, α1-antitrypsin, GSTP1, and ApoA1 as "central hubs". Process Network as well as Pathway Maps underline proteins involved in immune response and inflammation induced by complement system, innate inflammatory response and IL-6signalling. Disease Biomarker Network highlights Tuberculosis and COPD as pathologies that share biomarkers with sarcoidosis. In conclusion, Sar protein expression profile seems more similar to that of NSC than SC, conversely to other ILDs. Moreover, Disease Biomarker Network revealed several common features between Sar and TB, exhorting to orientate the future proteomics investigations also in comparative BALF analysis of Sar and TB.
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Pellacani C, Monari E, Zaffe D, Cuoghi A, Bellei E, Lucchi A, Bergamini S, Tomasi A, Bertoldi C. Analisi tissutale proteomica della tasca parodontale. Uno studio pilota. DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kawao N, Tamura Y, Okumoto K, Yano M, Okada K, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency delays bone repair: roles of osteoblastic proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E278-88. [PMID: 24918201 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Further development in research of bone regeneration is necessary to meet the clinical demand for bone reconstruction. Recently, we reported that plasminogen is crucial for bone repair through enhancement of vessel formation. However, the details of the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the bone repair process still remain unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of plasminogen activators on bone repair after a femoral bone defect using tPA-deficient (tPA(-/-)) and uPA-deficient (uPA(-/-)) mice. Bone repair of the femur was delayed in tPA(-/-) mice, unlike that in wild-type (tPA(+/+)) mice. Conversely, the bone repair was comparable between wild-type (uPA(+/+)) and uPA(-/-) mice. The number of proliferative osteoblasts was decreased at the site of bone damage in tPA(-/-) mice. Moreover, the proliferation of primary calvarial osteoblasts was reduced in tPA(-/-) mice. Recombinant tPA facilitated the proliferation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The proliferation enhanced by tPA was antagonized by the inhibition of endogenous annexin 2 by siRNA and by the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Vessel formation as well as the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were decreased at the damaged site in tPA(-/-) mice. Our results provide novel evidence that tPA is crucial for bone repair through the facilitation of osteoblast proliferation related to annexin 2 and ERK1/2 as well as enhancement of vessel formation related to VEGF and HIF-1α at the site of bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
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Bertoldi C, Bellei E, Pellacani C, Ferrari D, Lucchi A, Cuoghi A, Bergamini S, Cortellini P, Tomasi A, Zaffe D, Monari E. Non-bacterial protein expression in periodontal pockets by proteome analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:573-82. [PMID: 23509886 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the proteomic profile of inter-proximal pocket tissues with inter-proximal healthy tissues in the same subject to reveal proteins associated with periodontal disease in sites where periodontopathogenic bacteria were not detectable. METHODS Twenty-five healthy patients, with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis and presenting with at least one intra-bony defect next to a healthy inter-proximal site were enrolled. The periodontal defects were treated with osseous resective surgery, and the flap design included both the periodontal pockets and the neighbouring inter-proximal healthy sites. Pocket-associated and healthy tissues were harvested for proteomic analyses. RESULTS Fifteen proteins were differently expressed between pathological and healthy tissues. In particular, annexin A2, actin cytoplasmic 1, carbonic anhydrase 1 & 2; Ig kappa chain C region (two spots) and flavinreductase were overexpressed, whereas 14-3-3 protein sigma and zeta/delta, heat-shock protein beta -1 (two spots), triosephosphateisomerase, peroxiredoxin-1, fatty acid-binding protein-epidermal, and galectin-7 were underexpressed in pathological tissue. CONCLUSIONS The unbalanced functional network of proteins involved could hinder adequate tissue response to pathogenic noxa. The study of periodontal pocket tissue proteomic profile would be crucial to better understand the pathogenesis of and the therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Genetos DC, Wong A, Watari S, Yellowley CE. Hypoxia increases Annexin A2 expression in osteoblastic cells via VEGF and ERK. Bone 2010; 47:1013-9. [PMID: 20817051 PMCID: PMC4420171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated angiogenesis is critical for endochondral ossification that occurs during bone development and bone repair. Under these circumstances, VEGF production appears to be driven by low oxygen tension, under the control of the hypoxia-inducible factor-α family of transcription factors (HIF-α). Annexin 2 (AnxA2) a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein has been implicated in VEGF-mediated retinal neovascularization and is upregulated by VEGF in choroid retinal endothelial cells. AnxA2 is also expressed in cells of the osteoblast lineage and chondrocytes and may play a role in matrix mineralization. In this paper, we examined the effects of hypoxia (1% O(2)) and VEGF on the expression of AnxA2 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Hypoxia, desferrioxamine (hypoxia mimetic), and recombinant VEGF all increased AnxA2 mRNA and protein levels in osteoblastic cells. The hypoxia-induced increase in AnxA2 was inhibited by a blocking antibody to VEGF-R1; however, VEGF(120), a VEGF-R1 agonist, demonstrated no influence upon Anxa2 expression. This suggests that VEGF induction of Annexin A2 is not mediated via VEGF-R1 agonism alone but by VEGF-R1 and Neuropilin-1 or Neuropilin-2 heterodimers. In addition, we demonstrated that VEGF-stimulated changes in AnxA2 expression via a pathway involving Src and MEK kinase. These data demonstrate that AnxA2 expression in osteoblasts is under the control of VEGF, which may have implications for both angiogenesis and bone mineralization under low oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Shinya Watari
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Clare E. Yellowley, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, Tel: 530-754-6513, FAX: 530-754-0150,
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Zhang J, Habiel DM, Ramadass M, Kew RR. Identification of two distinct cell binding sequences in the vitamin D binding protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1803:623-9. [PMID: 20211661 PMCID: PMC2856814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional, albumin-like plasma protein that often requires cell surface binding to mediate some of its diverse functions. DBP binds to several different molecules on the external face of the plasma membrane indicating that it may possess distinct cell binding sequences. In this report, surface plasmon resonance was utilized to evaluate the relative binding of the human myeloid cell line U937 to immobilized recombinant expressed DBP in order to identify cell localization sequences. U937 cells showed robust binding to immobilized native DBP, but essentially no interaction when sensor chips were coated with beta(2)-microglobulin or BSA. The cell-DBP interaction was completely eliminated if cells were pretreated with soluble DBP. Recombinant DBP domains and truncated domains were next evaluated to determine the location of cell binding regions. Domains I (amino acids 1-191) and III (379-458), but not domain II (192-378), could support cell binding. Further evaluation of domain I, using truncated proteins and overlapping peptides, demonstrated that a single amino acid sequence, residues 150-172 (NYGQAPLSLLVSYTKSYLSMVGS), mediated cell binding. The domain III cell binding region was investigated using truncated versions of domain III fused to full-length domain II that served as a scaffold. These experiments indicated that the cell binding sequence is located in the first portion of that domain (379-402: ELSSFIDKGQELCADYSENTFTEY). Overlapping peptides spanning this sequence could partially block cell binding only when used in combination. We conclude that DBP contains two cell localization sequences that may be required for some of the multiple functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - David M. Habiel
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Richard R. Kew
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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