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Guo L, Li H, Fan T, Ma Y, Wang L. Synergistic efficacy of curcumin and anti-programmed cell death-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 279:119359. [PMID: 33753114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks near the top in the global list of malignancies causing cancer-related death. Recently, combination therapy has gained popularity in treating this cancer. We tried to investigate the efficacy of combined treatment with curcumin and anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) in HCC. Hep3B cells were treated with different concentrations of curcumin, followed by determination of Hep3B cell proliferation and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. Then, Hep3B cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), after which the Hep3B cell growth and immune activity were detected following treatment with curcumin and/or anti-PD-1. Besides, we investigated the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on lymphocyte activation and the interaction between E1A binding protein P300 (P300), histone acetylation, TGF-β1, and thrombin. Additionally, the synergistic role of curcumin and anti-PD-1 in mouse models of HCC was studied. Curcumin retarded Hep3B cell growth and reduced surface PD-L1 expression in Hep3B cells. After co-culture of Hep3B cells and PBMCs, curcumin had a synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 to slow Hep3B cell proliferation, activate lymphocytes, inhibit immune evasion, and down-regulate TGF-β1 expression. Functionally, curcumin inhibited thrombin to reduce P300-induced histone acetylation in the TGF-β1 promoter region, and anti-PD-1 suppressed binding of PD-1 and PD-L1 to promote immune activity; the combination of the two showed better in vitro anti-cancer effects. In vivo, curcumin combined with anti-PD-1 also lowered HCC growth rate and improved the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, the combination of curcumin and anti-PD-1 is synergistically effective in the treatment of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Infection, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infection, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Infection, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
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Al Bitar S, Gali-Muhtasib H. The Role of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 cip1/waf1 in Targeting Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101475. [PMID: 31575057 PMCID: PMC6826572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 mediates various biological activities by sensing and responding to multiple stimuli, via p53-dependent and independent pathways. p21 is known to act as a tumor suppressor mainly by inhibiting cell cycle progression and allowing DNA repair. Significant advances have been made in elucidating the potential role of p21 in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the involvement of p21 in multiple signaling pathways, its dual role in cancer, and the importance of understanding its paradoxical functions for effectively designing therapeutic strategies that could selectively inhibit its oncogenic activities, override resistance to therapy and yet preserve its tumor suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
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Kelley MD, Phomakay R, Lee M, Niedzwiedz V, Mayo R. Retinoic acid receptor gamma impacts cellular adhesion, Alpha5Beta1 integrin expression and proliferation in K562 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178116. [PMID: 28552962 PMCID: PMC5446131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between cellular adhesion and proliferation is complex; however, integrins, particularly the α5β1 subset, play a pivotal role in orchestrating critical cellular signals that culminate in cellular adhesion and growth. Retinoids modify the expression of a variety of adhesive/proliferative signaling proteins including α5β1 integrins; however, the role of specific retinoic acid receptors involved in these processes has not been elucidated. In this study, the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists on K562 cellular adhesion, proliferation, and α5β1 integrin cell surface expression was investigated. RARγ agonist exposure increased K562 cellular adhesion to RGD containing extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and FN-120 in a time- and concentration dependent manner, while RARα or RARβ agonist treatment had no effect on cellular adhesion. Due to the novel RARγ- dependent cellular adhesion response exhibited by K562 cells, we examined α5 and β1 integrin subunit expression when K562 cells were exposed to retinoid agonists or vehicle for 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours. Our data demonstrates no differences in K562 cell surface expression of the α5 integrin subunit when cells were exposed to RARα, RARβ, or RARγ agonists for all time points tested. In contrast, RARγ agonist exposure resulted in an increase in cell surface β1 integrin subunit expression within 48 hours that was sustained at 72 and 96 hours. Finally, we demonstrate that while exposure to RARα or RARβ agonists have no effect on K562 cellular proliferation, the RARγ agonist significantly dampens K562 cellular proliferation levels in a time- and concentration- dependent manner. Our study is the first to report that treatment with a RARγ specific agonist augments cellular adhesion to α5β1 integrin substrates, increases cell surface levels of the β1 integrin subunit, and dampens cellular proliferation in a time and concentration dependent manner in a human erythroleukemia cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Raynin Phomakay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Madison Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Victoria Niedzwiedz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Mayo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, United States of America
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Koo BH, Kim Y, Je Cho Y, Kim DS. Distinct roles of transforming growth factor-β signaling and transforming growth factor-β receptor inhibitor SB431542 in the regulation of p21 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:413-423. [PMID: 26187313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities. Autocrine TGF-β signaling supports tumor survival and growth in certain types of cancer, and the TGF-β signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for these types of cancer. TGF-β induces p21 expression, and p21 is considered as an oncogene as well as a tumor suppressor, due to its anti-apoptotic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that autocrine TGF-β signaling maintains the expression of p21 at levels that can support cell growth. To verify this hypothesis, we sought to examine p21 expression and cell growth in various cancer cells following the inhibition of autocrine TGF-β signaling using siRNAs targeting TGF-β signaling components and SB431542, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. Results from the present study show that p21 expression and cell growth were reduced by knockdown of TGF-β signaling components using siRNA in MDA-MB231 and A549 cells. Cell growth was also reduced in p21 siRNA-transfected cells. Downregulation of p21 expression induced cellular senescence in MDA-MB231 cells but did not induce apoptosis in both cells. These data suggest that autocrine TGF-β signaling is required to sustain p21 levels for positive regulation of cell cycle. On the other hand, treatment with SB431542 up-regulated p21 expression while inhibiting cell growth. The TGF-β signaling pathway was not associated with the SB431542-mediated induction of p21 expression. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was downregulated by treatment with SB431542, and p21 expression was increased by Sp1 knockdown. These findings suggest that downregulation of Sp1 expression is responsible for SB43154-induced p21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hun Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Je Cho
- R & D Center, EyeGene Inc., Seoul 120-113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo-Sik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Cui W, Huang Z, He H, Gu N, Qin G, Lv J, Zheng T, Sugimoto K, Wu Q. MiR-1188 at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatoma cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1416-27. [PMID: 25694452 PMCID: PMC4395123 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-1188 at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain is a novel player in hepatocellular carcinoma. MiR-1188 expression was found to be decreased in hepatoma cells, and, when overexpressed, miR-1188 inhibited Bcl2 and Sp1 expression, suppressed cell proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has frequently been reported in cancer studies; miRNAs play roles in development, progression, metastasis, and prognosis. Recent studies indicate that the miRNAs within the Dlk1-Dio3 genomic region are involved in the development of liver cancer, but the role of miR-1188 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the pathway by which it exerts its function remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miR-1188 is significantly down-regulated in mouse hepatoma cells compared with normal liver tissues. Enhanced miR-1188 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibits the tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo. Moreover, overexpressed miR-1188 promotes apoptosis, enhances caspase-3 activity, and also up-regulates the expression of Bax and p53. MiR-1188 directly targets and negatively regulates Bcl-2 and Sp1. Silencing of Bcl-2 and Sp1 exactly copies the proapoptotic and anti-invasive effects of miR-1188, respectively. The expression of apoptosis- and invasion-related genes, such as Vegfa, Fgfr1, and Rprd1b, decreases after enhancement of miR-1188, as determined by gene expression profiling analysis. Taken together, our results highlight an important role for miR-1188 as a tumor suppressor in hepatoma cells and imply its potential role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Hongjuan He
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Geng Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Jie Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Kenkichi Sugimoto
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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Vizza D, Perri A, Lofaro D, Toteda G, Lupinacci S, Leone F, Gigliotti P, Papalia T, Bonofiglio R. Exposure to nerve growth factor worsens nephrotoxic effect induced by Cyclosporine A in HK-2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80113. [PMID: 24244623 PMCID: PMC3820545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophin that promotes cell growth, differentiation, survival and death through two different receptors: TrkANTR and p75NTR. Nerve growth factor serum concentrations increase during many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease and, particularly, in renal transplant. Considering that nerve growth factor exerts beneficial effects in the treatment of major central and peripheral neurodegenerative diseases, skin and corneal ulcers, we asked whether nerve growth factor could also exert a role in Cyclosporine A-induced graft nephrotoxicity. Our hypothesis was raised from basic evidence indicating that Cyclosporine A-inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT pathway increases nerve growth factor expression levels. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the damage exerted by Cyclosporine A in tubular renal cells, HK-2. Our results showed that in HK-2 cells combined treatment with Cyclosporine A + nerve growth factor induced a significant reduction in cell vitality concomitant with a down-regulation of Cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p21 levels respect to cells treated with Cyclosporine A alone. Moreover functional experiments showed that the co-treatment significantly up-regulated human p21promoter activity by involvement of the Sp1 transcription factor, whose nuclear content was negatively regulated by activated NFATc1. In addition we observed that the combined exposure to Cyclosporine A + nerve growth factor promoted an up-regulation of p75 NTR and its target genes, p53 and BAD leading to the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, the chemical inhibition of p75NTR down-regulated the intrinsic apoptotic signal. We describe two new mechanisms by which nerve growth factor promotes growth arrest and apoptosis in tubular renal cells exposed to Cyclosporine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Vizza
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Perri
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Lofaro
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Toteda
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Simona Lupinacci
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Leone
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Gigliotti
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Papalia
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Renzo Bonofiglio
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Zhao F, Zhang JB, Cai TJ, Liu XQ, Liu MC, Ke T, Chen JY, Luo WJ. Manganese induces p21 expression in PC12 cells at the transcriptional level. Neuroscience 2012; 215:184-95. [PMID: 22542671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a common environmental and occupational pollutant. Excessive intake of manganese can cause toxicity known as manganism. Recently it has been demonstrated that unusual expression of cell cycle proteins and aberrant cell cycle progression in the central nervous system are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The present studies were initiated to investigate whether p21 are induced after manganese exposure and its potential effects in vitro, with particular attention being given to understand the underlying regulatory mechanism of p21 induction by manganese in this process. We found that manganese induced DAergic cells injury and upregulation of p21 levels in nigrostriatal regions. Treatment of the PC12 cells with manganese resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent loss of cell viability. Analysis of cell cycle profile indicated that manganese blocked cell cycle progression by arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, manganese treatment resulted in an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of p21, but did not have the same effect on other related factors. Silencing p21 by RNA interference showed a marked reversal of both G2/M arrest and the decrease in cell viability induced by manganese. Manganese did not stabilize the p21 protein and mRNA, and caused a marked increase in p21 mRNA levels together with an increase in its promoter activity, indicating a transcriptional mechanism. Overall, the in vivo and in vitro data suggest that exposure to manganese can increase p21 levels. An altered cell cycle status of PC12 cells can be induced by manganese through p21 up-regulation, and the induction of p21 occurs at the transcriptional level via promoter activation and mRNA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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9
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrins, which are heterodimeric membrane glycoproteins, consist of a family of cell-surface receptors mediating cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. Analysis of tumor-associated integrins has revealed an important relationship between integrins and tumor development, bringing new insights into integrin-based cancer therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide and integrins appeal to be a novel group of potential therapeutic targets for HCC. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current knowledge of integrins involved in HCC and the potential of integrin-targeted drugs in HCC therapy. A brief introduction on the structure, biological function and regulatory mechanism of integrins is given. The distinct expression patterns and biological functions of HCC-associated integrins are described. Finally, the current situation of integrin-based therapies in HCC and other tumor types are extensively discussed in the light of their implications in preclinical and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION To date, increasing numbers of integrin-targeted drugs are undergoing development and they exhibit diverse effects in cancer clinical trials. Tumor heterogeneity should be emphasized in developing effective integrin-targeted drugs specific for HCC. A better understanding of how integrins cooperatively function in HCC will assist in designing more successful integrin-targeted therapeutic drugs and corresponding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wu
- Fudan University, Institute of Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Li M, Luo RZ, Chen JW, Cao Y, Lu JB, He JH, Wu QL, Cai MY. High expression of transcriptional coactivator p300 correlates with aggressive features and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2011; 9:5. [PMID: 21205329 PMCID: PMC3022728 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that p300 participates in the regulation of a wide range of cell biological processes and mutation of p300 has been identified in certain types of human cancers. However, the expression dynamics of p300 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical/prognostic significance are unclear. METHODS In this study, the methods of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to investigate protein/mRNA expression of p300 in HCCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, spearman's rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Up-regulated expression of p300 mRNA and protein was observed in the majority of HCCs by RT-PCR and Western blotting, when compared with their adjacent non-malignant liver tissues. According to the ROC curves, the cutoff score for p300 high expression was defined when more than 60% of the tumor cells were positively stained. High expression of p300 was examined in 60/123 (48.8%) of HCCs and in 8/123 (6.5%) of adjacent non-malignant liver tissues. High expression of p300 was correlated with higher AFP level, larger tumor size, multiplicity, poorer differentiation and later stage (P < 0.05). In univariate survival analysis, a significant association between overexpression of p300 and shortened patients' survival was found (P = 0.001). In different subsets of HCC patients, p300 expression was also a prognostic indicator in patients with stage II (P = 0.007) and stage III (P = 0.011). Importantly, p300 expression was evaluated as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P = 0.021). Consequently, a new clinicopathologic prognostic model with three poor prognostic factors (p300 expression, AFP level and vascular invasion) was constructed. The model could significantly stratify risk (low, intermediate and high) for overall survival (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a basis for the concept that high expression of p300 in HCC may be important in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype, suggesting that p300 overexpression, as examined by IHC, is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with HCC. The combined clinicopathologic prognostic model may become a useful tool for identifying HCC patients with different clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
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Jung YS, Qian Y, Chen X. Examination of the expanding pathways for the regulation of p21 expression and activity. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1003-12. [PMID: 20100570 PMCID: PMC2860671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1) was originally identified as an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, a mediator of p53 in growth suppression and a marker of cellular senescence. p21 is required for proper cell cycle progression and plays a role in cell death, DNA repair, senescence and aging, and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Although transcriptional regulation is considered to be the initial control point for p21 expression, there is growing evidence that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations play a critical role in p21 expression and activity. This review will briefly discuss the activity of p21 and focus on current knowledge of the determinants that control p21 transcription, mRNA stability and translation, and protein stability and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sam Jung
- Center for Comparative Oncology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- Center for Comparative Oncology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Center for Comparative Oncology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Escoubet-Lozach L, Lin IL, Jensen-Pergakes K, Brady HA, Gandhi AK, Schafer PH, Muller GW, Worland PJ, Chan KWH, Verhelle D. Pomalidomide and lenalidomide induce p21 WAF-1 expression in both lymphoma and multiple myeloma through a LSD1-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7347-56. [PMID: 19738071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lenalidomide and pomalidomide have both been evaluated clinically for their properties as anticancer agents, with lenalidomide being available commercially. We previously reported that both compounds cause cell cycle arrest in Burkitt's lymphoma and multiple myeloma cell lines by increasing the level of p21(WAF-1) expression. In the present study, we unravel the molecular mechanism responsible for p21(WAF-1) up-regulation using Namalwa cells as a human lymphoma model. We show that the increase of p21(WAF-1) expression is regulated at the transcriptional level through a mechanism independent of p53. Using a combination of approaches, we show that several GC-rich binding transcription factors are involved in pomalidomide-mediated up-regulation of p21(WAF-1). Furthermore, we report that p21(WAF-1) up-regulation is associated with a switch from methylated to acetylated histone H3 on p21(WAF-1) promoter. Interestingly, lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) silencing reduced both pomalidomide and lenalidomide up-regulation of p21(WAF-1), suggesting that this histone demethylase is involved in the priming of the p21(WAF-1) promoter. Based on our findings, we propose a model in which pomalidomide and lenalidomide modify the chromatin structure of the p21(WAF-1) promoter through demethylation and acetylation of H3K9. This effect, mediated via LSD1, provides GC-rich binding transcription factors better access to DNA, followed by recruitment of RNA polymerase II and transcription activation. Taken together, our results provide new insights on the mechanism of action of pomalidomide and lenalidomide in the regulation of gene transcription, imply possible efficacy in p53 mutated and deleted cancer, and suggest new potential clinical uses as an epigenetic therapy.
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Fang Z, Yao W, Fu Y, Wang LY, Li Z, Yang Y, Shi Y, Qiu S, Fan J, Zha X. Increased integrin α5β1heterodimer formation and reduced c-Jun expression are involved in integrin β1overexpression-mediated cell growth arrest. J Cell Biochem 2009; 109:383-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Murzik U, Hemmerich P, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Ulbricht T, Bussen W, Hentschel J, von Eggeling F, Melle C. Rad54B targeting to DNA double-strand break repair sites requires complex formation with S100A11. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2926-35. [PMID: 18463164 PMCID: PMC2441681 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-11-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A11 is involved in a variety of intracellular activities such as growth regulation and differentiation. To gain more insight into the physiological role of endogenously expressed S100A11, we used a proteomic approach to detect and identify interacting proteins in vivo. Hereby, we were able to detect a specific interaction between S100A11 and Rad54B, which could be confirmed under in vivo conditions. Rad54B, a DNA-dependent ATPase, is described to be involved in recombinational repair of DNA damage, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Treatment with bleomycin, which induces DSBs, revealed an increase in the degree of colocalization between S100A11 and Rad54B. Furthermore, S100A11/Rad54B foci are spatially associated with sites of DNA DSB repair. Furthermore, while the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) was increased in parallel with DNA damage, its protein level was drastically down-regulated in damaged cells after S100A11 knockdown. Down-regulation of S100A11 by RNA interference also abolished Rad54B targeting to DSBs. Additionally, S100A11 down-regulated HaCaT cells showed a restricted proliferation capacity and an increase of the apoptotic cell fraction. These observations suggest that S100A11 targets Rad54B to sites of DNA DSB repair sites and identify a novel function for S100A11 in p21-based regulation of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Murzik
- *Core Unit Chip Application (CUCA), Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fritz Lipmann Institut (FLI), Leibniz Institute for Age Research, 07708 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fritz Lipmann Institut (FLI), Leibniz Institute for Age Research, 07708 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Ulbricht
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fritz Lipmann Institut (FLI), Leibniz Institute for Age Research, 07708 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Wendy Bussen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06515
| | - Julia Hentschel
- *Core Unit Chip Application (CUCA), Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- *Core Unit Chip Application (CUCA), Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Melle
- *Core Unit Chip Application (CUCA), Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07740 Jena, Germany
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