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Ke K, Lin J, Huang N, Yan L, Liao R, Yang W. Transthyretin promotes the invasion of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma by tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1888. [PMID: 37688511 PMCID: PMC10598247 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor stemness, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Evidence suggested that transthyretin (TTR) influenced the prolifetation and invasion functions of different tumors and play an essential role in the tumor microenvironment. AIMS To investigate the involvement of TTR in TAMs affecting the invasion of cHCC-CCA. METHODS AND RESULTS Data sets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using R software, and modules associated with cHCC-CCA were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Human THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages and then co-cultured with HCCC9810 cells and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment of cHCC-CAA. In addition, small interfering RNA against TTR was transfected into HCCC9810 cells, and recombinant TTR and ERK and AKT-specific inhibitors were added to HCCC9810 cells, respectively; after that, the levels of NF-κB protein and phosphorylated ERK and AKT were measured. The invasive abilities of HCCC9810 cells were also tested. One hundred forty-five DEGs were associated with cHCC-CCA, of which TTR was up-regulated. Turquoise modules containing TTR in WGCNA were most significantly associated with cHCC-CCA. TTR was highly expressed in HCCC9810 compared to Huh-28. HCCC9810 showed enhanced invasive capacity after co-culture with TNF-α + macrophages (p < .05). After interfering with TTR, the invasive ability of HCCC9810 was diminished, accompanied by decreased expression of NF-κB, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT (p < .05). After treating HCCC9810 with ERK and AKT-specific inhibitors, the invasive ability of HCCC9810 was diminished, accompanied by decreased expression of NF-κB and TTR (p < .05). CONCLUSION TTR can promote the invasive ability of cHCC-CCA by regulating AKT/NF-κB and ERK pathways with the assistance of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ke
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Junqing Lin
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Leye Yan
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Rihua Liao
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Weizhu Yang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
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2
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Keeratichamroen S, Subhasitanont P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Weeraphan C, Saharat K, Sritana N, Kantathavorn N, Wiriyaukaradecha K, Sricharunrat T, Paricharttanakul NM, Auewarakul C, Svasti J, Srisomsap C. Identification of potential cervical cancer serum biomarkers in Thai patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3815-3826. [PMID: 32391095 PMCID: PMC7204490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in females worldwide. Serum biomarkers are important tools for diagnosis, disease staging, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrence in different types of cancer. However, only a small number of established biomarkers have been used for clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer. Therefore, the identification of minimally invasive, sensitive and highly specific biomarkers for detection of cervical cancer may improve outcomes. In the present pilot study, changes in disease-relevant proteins in 31 patients with cervical cancer were compared with 16 healthy controls. The Human 14 Multiple Affinity Removal system was used to deplete the 14 most abundant serum proteins to decrease sample complexity and to enrich proteins that exhibited decreased levels of abundance in the serum samples. Immunoaffinity-depleted serum samples were analyzed by in-gel digestion, followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and data processing. Automated quantitative western blot assays and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the differential protein expression levels between the two groups. Capillary electrophoresis-based western blot analysis was performed to quantitatively determine serum levels of the candidate biomarkers. Significantly increased levels of α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) were detected, whereas the levels of transthyretin (TTR), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and multimerin-1 (MMRN1) were significantly decreased in patients with cervical cancer compared with the healthy controls. ROC curve analysis indicated that the sensitivity and specificity was improved through the combination of the 6 candidate biomarkers. In summary, the results demonstrated that 6 candidate biomarkers (A1AT, PYCR2, TTR, ApoA-I, VDBP and MMRN1) exhibited significantly different expression between serum samples from healthy controls and patients with cervical cancer. These proteins may represent potential biomarkers for distinguishing patients with cervical cancer from healthy controls and for differentiation of patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Churat Weeraphan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittirat Saharat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Sritana
- Molecular and Genomic Research Laboratory, Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nuttavut Kantathavorn
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Women's Health Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangpol Wiriyaukaradecha
- Molecular and Genomic Research Laboratory, Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Sricharunrat
- Pathology Laboratory Unit, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Research and International Relations Division, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chantragan Srisomsap
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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3
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Intuyod K, Armartmuntree N, Jusakul A, Sakonsinsiri C, Thanan R, Pinlaor S. Current omics-based biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:997-1005. [PMID: 31566016 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the biliary tract. CCA generally has a low incidence worldwide but incidence is typically high in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in northeastern Thailand, where small liver-fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection is endemic. CCA has a poor prognosis as most CCA patients present with advanced stages. Poor prognosis and worse outcomes are due to the lack of specific and early-stage CCA biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the use of CCA tissues, serum and bile samples as sources of diagnostic and prognostic markers by using -omics approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The current state of the discovery of molecular candidates and their potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CCA are summarized and discussed. Expert opinion: Various potential molecules have been discovered, some of which have been verified as diagnostic biomarkers for CCA. However, most identified molecules require much further evaluation to help us find markers with high specificity, low cost and ease-of-use in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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4
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Wei J, Jin M, Shao Y, Ning Z, Huang J. High preoperative serum prealbumin predicts long-term survival in resected esophageal squamous cell cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7997-8003. [PMID: 31692569 PMCID: PMC6716569 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to explore the prognostic role of preoperative prealbumin in resectedesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A total of 1374 resected ESCC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Serum for prealbumin analyses was taken within 1-3 days before the operation. Overall survival (OS) was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method; the univariate log-rank test and the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate the prognostic role of prealbumin. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the prediction accuracy of prealbumin and albumin for OS. Results Finally, 532 patients were included in this study. The 5-year OS rate was favourable for the high prealbumin group versus the median and low prealbumin groups (58.1% vs 44.6% and 31.1%, respectively; P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified serum prealbumin, T stage, N stage, differentiation and albumin as independent prognostic factors for OS. ROC curves indicated that prealbumin may be superior to albumin as a prognostic predictor in ESCC patients, but the difference between the two AUCs was not statistically significant (P=0.068). Conclusion Prealbumin is an independent prognostic factor and a prognostic indicator of postoperative outcomes in ESCC patients. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wasenang W, Chaiyarit P, Proungvitaya S, Limpaiboon T. Serum cell-free DNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as a biomarker that may aid in differential diagnosis between cholangiocarcinoma and other biliary diseases. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:39. [PMID: 30832707 PMCID: PMC6399934 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer of the bile duct epithelial cell lining. The misdiagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases may occur due to the similarity of clinical manifestations and blood tests resulting in inappropriate or delayed treatment. Thus, an accurate and less-invasive method for differentiating CCA from other biliary diseases is inevitable. METHODS We quantified methylation of OPCML, HOXA9, and HOXD9 in serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of CCA patients and other biliary diseases using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Their potency as differential biomarkers between CCA and other biliary diseases was also evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The significant difference of methylation levels of OPCML and HOXD9 was observed in serum cfDNA of CCA compared to other biliary diseases. Assessment of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as differential biomarkers of CCA and other biliary diseases showed the area under curve (AUC) of 0.850 (0.759-0.941) for OPCML which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 80.00%, 90.00%, 88.88%, 81.81%, and 85.00%, respectively. The AUC of HOXD9 was 0.789 (0.686-0.892) with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 67.50%, 90.00%, 87.09%, 73.46%, and 78.75%, respectively. The combined marker between OPCML and HOXD9 showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 62.50%, 100%, 100%, and 72.72%, respectively, which may be helpful to prevent a misdiagnosis between CCA and other biliary diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the application of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 for differential diagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases due to its less invasiveness and clinically practical method which may benefit the patients by preventing the misdiagnosis of CCA and avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawan Wasenang
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ponlatham Chaiyarit
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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6
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Tshering G, Dorji PW, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1788-1797. [PMID: 29637880 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor of the bile duct, is a major public health problem in many Southeast Asian countries, particularly Thailand. The slow progression makes it difficult for early diagnosis and most patients are detected in advanced stages. This study aimed to review all relevant articles related to the biomarkers for the diagnosis of CCA and point out potential biomarkers. A thorough search was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect for CCA biomarker articles. Required data were extracted. A total of 46 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and had none of the exclusion criteria were included in the analysis (17, 22, 3, 4, and 1 articles on blood, tissue, bile, both blood and tissue, and urine biomarkers, respectively). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), either alone or in combination with other biomarkers, are the most commonly studied biomarkers in the serum. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 47.2% to 98.2% and 89.7% to 100%, respectively. However, in the tissue, gene methylations and DNA-related markers were the most studied CCA biomarkers. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 58% to 87% and 98% to 100%, respectively. Some articles investigated biomarkers both in blood and tissues, particularly CA19-9 and CEA, with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 33% to 100% and 50% to 97.7%, respectively. Although quite a number of biomarkers with a potential role in the early detection of CCA have been established, it is difficult to single out any particular marker that could be used in the routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyem Tshering
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Palden Wangyel Dorji
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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7
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Xie C, Aloreidi K, Patel B, Ridgway T, Thambi-Pillai T, Timmerman G, Khan A, Atiq M. Indeterminate biliary strictures: a simplified approach. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:189-199. [PMID: 29034764 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1391090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pre-operative evaluation of biliary strictures remains challenging. The dilemma that exists is how to balance the risk of failing to detect malignancy and the potential morbidity caused by unnecessary surgery in patients with benign etiologies. With emerging novel diagnostic modalities, this study aims to assess the efficacy of diagnostic techniques and facilitate a clinical approach to indeterminate biliary strictures. Areas covered: Conventional imaging modalities are crucial in identifying the location of a stricture and are helpful for choosing further diagnostic modalities. Utilization of endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), is key in establishing a diagnosis. The emergence of novel diagnostic modalities, such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), peroral cholangioscopy (POC), intraductal endoscopic ultrasound (IDUS) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), enhance the diagnostic yield in the evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Expert commentary: More reliable and validated visual criteria for differentiating malignancy from benign biliary conditions, utilizing advanced imaging modalities such as POC and CLE, need to be established. It is of significance to further evaluate these novel diagnostic modalities through ongoing trials and to develop a diagnostic algorithm that reconciles cost-effectiveness with diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xie
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Khalil Aloreidi
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Timothy Ridgway
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Thavam Thambi-Pillai
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Gary Timmerman
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Adeel Khan
- c Surgery , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Muslim Atiq
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
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8
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P. Katare D, Malik S, J. Mani R, Ranjpour M, Jain SK. Novel mutations in transthyretin gene associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha P. Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Ruchi J. Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Maryam Ranjpour
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
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9
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Rahnemai-Azar AA, Weisbrod A, Dillhoff M, Schmidt C, Pawlik TM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:125-137. [PMID: 28577718 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. The outcome of patients with iCCA is dismal owing to tumor's aggressiveness, late diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options. Detection of the tumor at early stages may make surgical resection, as only potential curative treatment, more feasible. Unfortunately, despite recent developments in imaging modalities and laboratory tests, the diagnosis of iCCA remains challenging and patients often present in advanced stages when surgery cannot be offered. Moreover, accurate assessment of disease burden is critical to optimize management strategy, including the use of adjuvant therapies and clinical trials. Identifying iCCA specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has been a focus of interest among many investigators with a progressive increase in data on iCCA related to advances in "omics" technologies. We herein summarize iCCA biomarkers and define the molecular mechanisms underlying iCCA carcinogenesis, as well as highlight potential diagnostic and prognostic application of molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Rahnemai-Azar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Weisbrod
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Brijbassie A, Yeaton P. Approach to the patient with a biliary stricture. TECHNIQUES IN GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tgie.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Liang B, Zhong L, He Q, Wang S, Pan Z, Wang T, Zhao Y. Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum CA19-9 in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3555-63. [PMID: 26576628 PMCID: PMC4655615 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare cancer worldwide; however, its incidence is extremely high in Asia. Numerous studies reported that serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) plays a role in the diagnosis of CCA patients. However, published data are inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a systematic review of the diagnostic performance of CA19-9 for CCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched the public databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WANFANG databases for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of serum CA19-9 to predict CCA. The diagnostic sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were pooled by Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. RESULTS A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 1,264 patients and 2,039 controls. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70-0.75), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82-0.85), 4.93 (95% CI, 3.67-6.64), 0.35 (95%CI, 0.30-0.41), and 15.10 (95% CI, 10.70-21.32), respectively. The area under SROC curve was 0.8300. The subgroup analyses based on different control type, geographical location, and sample size revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of CA19-9 tends to be same in different control type, but showed low sensitivity in European patients and small size group. CONCLUSIONS Serum CA19-9 is a useful non-invasive biomarker for CCA detection and may become a clinically useful tool to identify high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Liansheng Zhong
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qun He
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Shaocheng Wang
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongcheng Pan
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Biochip Center, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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12
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Farid SG, Morris-Stiff G. "OMICS" technologies and their role in foregut primary malignancies. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 52:409-41. [PMID: 26527526 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Biliary strictures present a diagnostic challenge, especially when no etiology can be ascertained after laboratory evaluation, abdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) sampling. These strictures were traditionally classified as indeterminate strictures, although with advances in endoscopic techniques and better understanding of hepato-biliary pathology, more are being correctly diagnosed. The implications of missing a malignancy in patients with biliary strictures—and hence delaying surgery—are grave but a significant number of patients (up to 20%) undergoing surgery for suspected biliary malignancy can have benign pathology. The diagnostic approach to these patients involves detailed history and physical examination and depends on the presence or absence of jaundice, level of obstruction, and presence or absence of a mass lesion. While abdominal imaging helps to find the level of obstruction and provides a ‘road map' for further endoscopic investigations, tissue diagnosis is usually needed to make decisions on management. Initially ERCP was the only modality to investigate these strictures but now, with the development of endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration and the availability of newer techniques such as intraductal ultrasound, single-operator cholangioscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy, the diagnostic approach to biliary strictures has changed significantly. In this review, we will focus on the decision-making process for patients with biliary strictures and discuss the key decision points that should dictate further diagnostic investigations at each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaypal Singh
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andres Gelrud
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Banke Agarwal
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Bile duct cancer (BDC) is a disease with a very grave prognosis, often diagnosed too late. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to evaluate available literature on tumor markers in serum from patients with BDC. METHODS Using the search words "serum markers", "bile duct cancer", "cholangiocarcinoma", "biomarker" and "tumor marker", a search was carried out. RESULTS Seventy-five studies were included in the review. CONCLUSION CA19-9 is by far the most studied and most promising diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in BDC. But also the different mucins are interesting as new markers of BDC in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grunnet
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Danish National Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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15
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Skipworth JRA, Timms JF, Pereira SP. Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in biliary tract cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:487-99. [PMID: 23971898 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2013.826646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The worldwide incidence of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC, tumours of the bile ducts and gall-bladder) continues to rise, with the only potentially curative treatment remaining surgical resection or transplantation, possible in only a minority of patients. Late presentation and a paucity of effective treatments mandate the development of techniques for early lesion detection. AREAS COVERED This article reviews currently available biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of BTC, as well as recently published studies describing novel serum, bile and urinary biomarkers. EXPERT OPINION The incorporation of novel analysis techniques, such as digital image analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, into existing management algorithms enhances the accuracy of brush cytology taken at the time of therapeutic endoscopy. However, a key goal is the discovery of reliable non-invasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Recent advances in gene sequencing and expression, clonal evolution and tumour heterogeneity in other cancers should advance understanding of BTC tumour biology and facilitate biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R A Skipworth
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, 4th Floor, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E6AU, UK
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16
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Kraiklang R, Pairojkul C, Khuntikeo N, Imtawil K, Wongkham S, Wongkham C. A novel predictive equation for potential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89337. [PMID: 24586698 PMCID: PMC3938437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common-primary liver cancer. The difficulties in diagnosis limit successful treatment of CCA. At present, histological investigation is the standard diagnosis for CCA. However, there are some poor-defined tumor tissues which cannot be definitively diagnosed by general histopathology. As molecular signatures can define molecular phenotypes related to diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment outcome, and CCA is the second most common cancer found after hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC), the aim of this study was to develop a predictive model which differentiates CCA from HCC and normal liver tissues. An in-house PCR array containing 176 putative CCA marker genes was tested with the training set tissues of 20 CCA and 10 HCC cases. The molecular signature of CCA revealed the prominent expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and cell movement, whereas HCC showed elevated expression of genes related to cell proliferation/differentiation and metabolisms. A total of 69 genes differentially expressed in CCA and HCC were optimized statistically to formulate a diagnostic equation which distinguished CCA cases from HCC cases. Finally, a four-gene diagnostic equation (CLDN4, HOXB7, TMSB4 and TTR) was formulated and then successfully validated using real-time PCR in an independent testing set of 68 CCA samples and 77 non-CCA controls. Discrimination analysis showed that a combination of these genes could be used as a diagnostic marker for CCA with better diagnostic parameters with high sensitivity and specificity than using a single gene marker or the usual serum markers (CA19-9 and CEA). This new combination marker may help physicians to identify CCA in liver tissues when the histopathology is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratthaphol Kraiklang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Imtawil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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17
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Silsirivanit A, Sawanyawisuth K, Riggins GJ, Wongkham C. Cancer biomarker discovery for cholangiocarcinoma: the high-throughput approaches. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2014; 21:388-96. [PMID: 24616382 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is difficult to diagnose at an early stage and most tumors are detected at late stage where surgery or other therapy is ineffective. Many advanced techniques are applied to diagnose CCA; however, most are expensive and have varying degrees of accuracy. A less invasive and simpler procedure such as serum markers would be of substantial clinical benefit for diagnosis, monitoring, and predicting outcome for CCA patients. Recent advances in "Omics" technologies offer remarkable opportunities for establishment of biomarker-related to diseases. In this review, the potential biomarkers obtained from proteomics and glycomic studies are evaluated. Several protein markers were discovered from patient specimen, using two dimensional-differential gel electrophoresis couple with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D-DIGE/LC-MS-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-TOF-MS and capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS, etc. Newly reported CCA-associated glyco-biomarkers were identified using lectin-assisted, monoclonal antibody-assisted or specific-target strategies. The combination between carbohydrate binding-lectin and core protein-binding mAb significantly increased the values for detection of the glyco-biomarkers for CCA. Searching for specific and sensitive molecular markers to be used for population screening is worth being evaluated. This could lead to earlier diagnosis and improve outcome. Further investigation of those biomarker functions is also of value in order to better understand the tumor biology and use them as targets for future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparb Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Chen CP, Haas-Kogan D. Neoplasms of the hepatobiliary system: clinical presentation, molecular pathways and diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:883-95. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Keane MG, Marlow NJ, Pereira SP. Novel endoscopic approaches in the diagnosis and management of biliary strictures. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2013; 5:38. [PMID: 24049642 PMCID: PMC3768325 DOI: 10.12703/p5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Indeterminate bilary strictures present the clinician with a wide differential diagnosis. Histological confirmation is usually required for treatment, but tissue acquisition remains challenging. Novel developments in endoscopic technology, such as single operator cholangioscopy and confocal endomicroscopy, have led to improvements in diagnostic accuracy in recent years. In patients with non-resectable malignant biliary obstruction, effective biliary decompression improves symptoms and enables patients to undergo palliative therapies. Improvements in endoscopic techniques, biliary stents and the development of local ablative techniques have led to further improvements in stent patency and survival in these patients. In this article, we review emerging diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for the endoscopic management of indeterminate biliary strictures.
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20
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Nasim FUH, Ejaz S, Ashraf M, Asif AR, Oellerich M, Ahmad G, Malik GA, Attiq-Ur-Rehman. Potential biomarkers in the sera of breast cancer patients from bahawalpur, pakistan. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2012; 4:19-34. [PMID: 24179392 PMCID: PMC3791917 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most of the approximately 90,000 cases of Breast Cancer (BC) documented annually in Pakistan are not diagnosed properly because of lack of suitable markers. We performed serum proteome expression profiling of BC and benign breast disease (BBD) patients with the aim to identify biomarkers that can be helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Sera of patients were analyzed by one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to identification through LC-MS/MS analysis. In majority of the BC cases some acute phase proteins (APP) and some complement system components (C3 and C8) containing fractions were up-regulated with the exception of transthyretin (TTR) which was predominantly (68.75%) down-regulated (n = 33/48) in the sera of these patients. Varying expression patterns were observed in BBD patients and healthy controls. These differentially expressed proteins have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for BC as well as benign breast diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ul-Hassan Nasim
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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21
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Identification of new biomarkers for Down's syndrome in maternal plasma. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2621-8. [PMID: 22456345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using ProteinChip Technology (SELDI TOF MS), the maternal plasma of 53 chromosomally-normal control and 28 Down's syndrome affected pregnancies was profiled between 10 and 20 weeks' gestation. Preliminary studies demonstrated two distinct phases of changes in protein expression, the first at 10-14 weeks and second at 14-20 weeks. Using this data, analysis of the 10-14 weeks' plasma samples (Down's syndrome n=13, control n=20) showed the presence of a protein of mass 100.3 kDa that was elevated in the Down's syndrome group compared to the controls (p<0.002). This protein was further isolated using SAX Q-spin columns and identified using QTOF MS and Western blotting as being plasma protease C1-inhibitor. Analysis of the 14-20 week cohort demonstrated changes in protein expression of three additional proteins. Two of these proteins were found to be up-regulated (serum amyloid P-component, p<0.004 and transthyretin, p<0.006) and complement C3-α chain was observed to be down-regulated (p<0.0005). The identification of these biomarkers in maternal plasma and their potential to improve current Down's syndrome screening are discussed.
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Mulvenna J, Yonglitthipagon P, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Loukas A, Bethony JM. Banking on the future: biobanking for "omics" approaches to biomarker discovery for Opisthorchis-induced cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. Parasitol Int 2011; 61:173-7. [PMID: 21855650 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)--bile duct cancer--is associated with late presentation, poses challenges for diagnosis, and has high mortality. These features t highlight the desperate need for biomarkers than can be measured early and in accessible body fluids such as plasma of people at risk for developing this lethal cancer. In this manuscript, we address previous limitations in the discovery stage of biomarker(s) for CCA and indicate how new generation of "omics" technologies could be used for biomarker discovery in Thailand. A key factor in the success of this biomarker program for CCA is the combination of cutting edge technology with strategic sample acquisition by a biorepositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Mulvenna
- Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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23
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Uleberg KE, Munk AC, Brede C, Gudlaugsson E, van Diermen B, Skaland I, Malpica A, Janssen EA, Hjelle A, Baak JP. Discrimination of grade 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by means of analysis of water soluble proteins recovered from cervical biopsies. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:36. [PMID: 21711556 PMCID: PMC3142202 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 are usually grouped and treated in the same way as "high grade", in spite of their different risk to cancer progression and spontaneous regression rates. CIN2-3 is usually diagnosed in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) punch biopsies. This procedure virtually eliminates the availability of water-soluble proteins which could have diagnostic and prognostic value. Aim To investigate whether a water-soluble protein-saving biopsy processing method followed by a proteomic analysis of supernatant samples using LC-MS/MS (LTQ Orbitrap) can be used to distinguish between CIN2 and CIN3. Methods Fresh cervical punch biopsies from 20 women were incubated in RPMI1640 medium for 24 hours at 4°C for protein extraction and subsequently subjected to standard FFPE processing. P16 and Ki67-supported histologic consensus review CIN grade (CIN2, n = 10, CIN3, n = 10) was assessed by independent gynecological pathologists. The biopsy supernatants were depleted of 7 high abundance proteins prior to uni-dimensional LC-MS/MS analysis for protein identifications. Results The age of the patients ranged from 25-40 years (median 29.7), and mean protein concentration was 0.81 mg/ml (range 0.55 - 1.14). After application of multistep identification criteria, 114 proteins were identified, including proteins like vimentin, actin, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A-1, Heat Shock protein beta 1, vitamin D binding protein and different cytokeratins. The identified proteins are annotated to metabolic processes (36%), signal transduction (27%), cell cycle processes (15%) and trafficking/transport (9%). Using binary logistic regression, Cytokeratin 2 was found to have the strongest independent discriminatory power resulting in 90% overall correct classification. Conclusions 114 proteins were identified in supernatants from fresh cervical biopsies and many differed between CIN2 and 3. Cytokeratin 2 is the strongest discriminator with 90% overall correct classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Erik Uleberg
- Pathology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Armauer Hansen Road 20, Stavanger, Norway.
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Cruz-Topete D, Christensen B, Sackmann-Sala L, Okada S, Jorgensen JOL, Kopchick JJ. Serum proteome changes in acromegalic patients following transsphenoidal surgery: novel biomarkers of disease activity. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 164:157-67. [PMID: 21059862 PMCID: PMC4074021 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transsphenoidal adenomectomy is the primary treatment for acromegaly. However, assessment of the therapeutical outcome remains problematic since the existing biomarkers of disease activity frequently show discordant results. OBJECTIVE To discover novel serum biomarkers of disease activity in acromegalic patients before and after surgery. DESIGN Serum samples of eight newly diagnosed acromegaly patients before and after transsphenoidal surgery were analyzed for proteomic changes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots displaying statistically significant changes, pre- versus post-surgery, were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), tandem MS (MS/MS), and western blot analysis. RESULTS Six protein spots displaying decreased intensities after surgery were identified as transthyretin (two isoforms), haptoglobin α2, β-hemoglobin, and apolipoprotein A-1 (two isoforms). One protein spot, identified as complement C4B precursor, was increased after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS Seven serum protein spots were differentially expressed following surgery in acromegalic patients. The identified proteins represent potential novel biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment in acromegalic individuals. Future studies will validate the use of the identified proteins as biomarkers of disease activity after medical treatment of acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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Sun XG, Zhong XL, Liu ZF, Cai HB, Fan Q, Wang QR, Liu Q, Song YH, He SQ, Zhang XF, Lu ZP. Proteomic analysis of chronic restraint stress-induced Gan (肝)-stagnancy syndrome in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16:510-7. [PMID: 21110176 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the proteomic characteristics of Gan (肝)-stagnancy syndrome (GSS) by seeking the differential protein in blood and tissues of GSS model rats. METHODS GSS model rats were established by chronic restraint stress, keeping rats in restrain chamber for 6 h every day for 21 successive days. Their blood and liver samples were collected at the end of experiment for differential protein detection with methods of isoelectrofocusing and polyacrylamide SDS-PAGE, silver staining, and scanning. The gel images were analyzed with Imagemaster 2D Elite software, and the excavated differential protein spots were identified with matrix assistant laser resolving TOF mass spectrometry, Western blot, ELISA, and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS A method for isolating the protein in blood serum and tissues by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was established and optimized. Six serum proteins and three liver proteins that differentially expressed were identified. The down-regulated differential proteins in serum of GSS model rats were serum albumin precursor, beta 1 globin, antibody against muscle acetylcholine receptor, Ig lambda-2 C region, and transthyretin (TTR), and those in liver tissue were aryl sulfotransferase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, and TTR. TTR down-regulation was found in both serum and liver. Preliminary biological information analysis showed that these differential proteins involved in immune, neuroendocrine, nutrition, and substance metabolism. CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis of differential proteins showed that TTR, aryl sulfotransferase, and enoyl-CoA hydratase expressions are downregulated in the GSS model rats, suggesting that the susceptibility of cancer could be enhanced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-gang Sun
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Liu L, Liu J, Wang Y, Dai S, Wang X, Wu S, Wang J, Huang L, Xiao X, He D. A combined biomarker pattern improves the discrimination of lung cancer. Biomarkers 2010; 16:20-30. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.521257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang WJ, Xu WH, Liu CZ, Rashid A, Cheng JR, Liao P, Hu H, Chu LW, Gao YT, Yu K, Hsing AW. Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Biliary Tract Cancers by a Proteomic Approach Based on Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1602-16. [PMID: 24281176 PMCID: PMC3837325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2031602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are lethal malignancies currently lacking satisfactory methods for early detection and accurate diagnosis. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a promising diagnostic tool for this disease. In this pilot study, sera samples from 50 BTCs and 30 cholelithiasis patients as well as 30 healthy subjects from a population-based case-control study were randomly grouped into training set (30 BTCs, 20 cholelithiasis and 20 controls), duplicate of training set, and blind set (20 BTCs, 10 cholelithiasis and 10 controls); all sets were analyzed on Immobilized Metal Affinity Capture ProteinChips via SELDI-TOF-MS. A decision tree classifier was built using the training set and applied to all test sets. The classification tree constructed with the 3,400, 4,502, 5,680, 7,598, and 11,242 mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) protein peaks had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 85.0% when comparing BTCs with non-cancers. When applied to the duplicate set, sensitivity was 66.7% and specificity was 70.0%, while in the blind set, sensitivity was 95.0% and specificity was 75.0%. Positive predictive values of the training, duplicate, and blind sets were 82.9%, 62.5% and 79.2%, respectively. The agreement of the training and duplicate sets was 71.4% (Kappa = 0.43, u = 3.98, P < 0.01). The coefficient of variations based on 10 replicates of one sample for the five differential peaks were 15.8–68.8% for intensity and 0–0.05% for m/z. These pilot results suggest that serum protein profiling by SELDI-TOF-MS may be a promising approach for identifying BTCs but low assay reproducibility may limit its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology for Public Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai, 200336, China; E-Mails: (W.J.W.); (C.Z.L); (P.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Wang-Hong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200/25 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; E-Mails: (J.R.C); (Y.T.G)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China;E-Mail: (W.H.X.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-5423-7679, Fax: +86-21-5423-7334
| | - Cha-Zhen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology for Public Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai, 200336, China; E-Mails: (W.J.W.); (C.Z.L); (P.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; E-Mail: (A.R.)
| | - Jia-Rong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200/25 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; E-Mails: (J.R.C); (Y.T.G)
| | - Ping Liao
- Department of Molecular Biology for Public Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai, 200336, China; E-Mails: (W.J.W.); (C.Z.L); (P.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology for Public Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai, 200336, China; E-Mails: (W.J.W.); (C.Z.L); (P.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Lisa W. Chu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7234, USA; E-Mails: (L.W.C.); (K.Y.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 2200/25 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; E-Mails: (J.R.C); (Y.T.G)
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7234, USA; E-Mails: (L.W.C.); (K.Y.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7234, USA; E-Mails: (L.W.C.); (K.Y.); (A.W.H.)
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Sinha R, Sinha I, Facompre N, Russell S, Somiari RI, Richie JP, El-Bayoumy K. Selenium-responsive proteins in the sera of selenium-enriched yeast-supplemented healthy African American and Caucasian men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2332-40. [PMID: 20643827 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that supplementation of adult men with selenium-enriched yeast (SY) was protective against prostate cancer (PCa) and also reduced oxidative stress and levels of prostate-specific antigen. Here, we determined the effect of SY supplementation on global serum protein expression in healthy men to provide new insights into the mechanism of selenium chemoprevention; such proteins may also serve as biomarkers of disease progression. METHODS Serum samples from 36 adult men were obtained from our previous SY clinical trial, 9 months after supplementation with either SY (247 microg/d; n = 17) or placebo (nonenriched yeast; n = 19). RESULTS Proteomic profiling using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a total of 1,496 candidate proteins, of which, 11 were differentially expressed in the SY group as compared with placebo. Eight proteins were upregulated [clusterin isoform 1 (CLU), transthyretin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, transferrin, complement component 4B proprotein, isocitrate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, and keratin 1] and three proteins were downregulated [alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), angiotensin precursor, and albumin precursor] by SY. All of the identified proteins were redox-sensitive or involved in the regulation of redox status. Because both AAT and CLU have been previously linked to PCa development, their identities were confirmed by two-dimensional Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS We identified AAT and CLU as potential candidate proteins involved in the mechanism of PCa prevention by SY. Collectively, proteins identified in this study might serve as potential new biomarkers for monitoring and comparing responses to selenium-based chemopreventive agents. IMPACT Proteomic analysis of serum might be useful for the early detection and monitoring efficacy of chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Sinha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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de Boer D, Rousseau AMJ, Peulen JGJM, Wodzig WKWH. Implications of matrix adducts to protein analyte ions for surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis in clinical chemistry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:4047-4051. [PMID: 19924782 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Findeisen P, Neumaier M. Mass spectrometry based proteomics profiling as diagnostic tool in oncology: current status and future perspective. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:666-84. [PMID: 19445650 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics analysis has been heralded as a novel tool for identifying new and specific biomarkers that may improve diagnosis and monitoring of various disease states. Recent years have brought a number of proteomics profiling technologies. Although proteomics profiling has resulted in the detection of disease-associated differences and modification of proteins, current proteomics technologies display certain limitations that are hampering the introduction of these new technologies into clinical laboratory diagnostics and routine applications. In this review, we summarize current advances in mass spectrometry based biomarker discovery. The promises and challenges of this new technology are discussed with particular emphasis on diagnostic perspectives of mass-spectrometry based proteomics profiling for malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Findeisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent studies proposing new markers in serum or bile for the diagnosis and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which could help in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign biliary disorders or for the surveillance of disorders at risk, including primitive sclerosing cholangitis. RECENT FINDINGS In the last few years, efforts have been made to identify biomarkers with adequate diagnostic accuracy for CCA in serum or biological fluid. Studies have been focused on cytokines, growth factors or enzymes produced and secreted by CCA cells as well as on the proteomic analysis of serum and bile. SUMMARY The serum levels of interleukin 6, trypsinogen, mucin-5AC, soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been recently shown to help in the diagnosis of CCA with, in some cases, a prognostic value. As far as bile is concerned, the ratio of pancreatic elastase/amylase, mucin-4, minichromosome maintenance replication protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 have been explored, with the insulin-like growth factor 1 biliary concentration capable of completely discriminating CCA from benign biliary disorders and pancreatic cancer. We have also discussed advances in the proteomic of serum and bile, which seem promising in identifying new markers for CCA.
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