1
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Perween N, Pekhale K, Haval G, Mittal S, Ghaskadbi S, Ghaskadbi SS. Cloning and characterization of Thioredoxin 1 from the Cnidarian Hydra. J Biochem 2021; 171:41-51. [PMID: 34523686 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins, small disulphide-containing redox proteins, play an important role in the regulation of cellular thiol redox balance through their disulfide reductase activity. In this study, we have identified, cloned, purified and characterized thioredoxin 1 (HvTrx1) from the Cnidarian Hydra vulgaris Ind-Pune. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that HvTrx1 contains an evolutionarily conserved catalytic active site CGPC and shows a closer phylogenetic relationship with vertebrate Trx1. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity of purified HvTrx1 was found to be pH 7.0 and 25 °C respectively. Enzyme activity decreased significantly at acidic or alkaline pH as well as at higher temperatures. HvTrx1 was found to be expressed ubiquitously in whole mount in situ hybridization. Treatment of Hydra with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a highly reactive oxidizing agent, led to a significant increase in gene expression and enzyme activity of Trx1. Further experiments using PX12, an inhibitor of Trx1, indicated that Trx1 plays an important role in regeneration in Hydra. Finally, by using growth assay in E. coli and wound healing assay in human colon cancer cells, we demonstrate that HvTrx1 is functionally active in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic heterologous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Perween
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.,Department of Zoology, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Pune 411001, India
| | - Komal Pekhale
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Gauri Haval
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.,Department of Zoology, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune 411004, India
| | - Smriti Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Surendra Ghaskadbi
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Saroj S Ghaskadbi
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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2
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Jiang L, Zhou W, Lu B, Yan Q. ITCH regulates oxidative stress induced by high glucose through thioredoxin interacting protein in cultured human lens epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4307-4319. [PMID: 32901881 PMCID: PMC7533507 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is an important protein that controls oxidative damage in almost all eukaryotic cells. Trx interaction protein (Txnip) has been reported to negatively regulate the bioavailability of Trx and inhibit its biological function. The E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH can specifically degrade Txnip via ubiquitination. The apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), which are highly sensitive to redox caused by oxidative stress, is a significant factor for the development of sugar cataract in a high-glucose environment. However, whether Trx, Txnip and ITCH contribute to the progression of sugar cataracts and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and thus, identifying these were the aims of the present study. The present results suggested that the expression levels of Trx, Txnip and ITCH in HLECs cultured with different glucose concentrations were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, and the apoptotic rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry and superoxide detection assay. The interaction between ITCH and Txnip was determined by co-localization immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, a vector and small interfering RNA of ITCH were transfected to overexpress and knockdown ITCH, respectively, to alter the expression of downstream proteins and cell apoptosis. It was found that Txnip was highly expressed in cultured HLECs in high-glucose environment, and the antioxidative function of Trx was restricted and suppressed, thus promoting apoptosis. The overexpression of ITCH increased the expression of Trx and decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis by decreasing Txnip in cultured HLECs, while downregulation of ITCH significantly decreased the expression of Trx and enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, the present results indicated that ITCH could regulate the apoptosis of HLECs that were cultured in high-glucose concentration and that it may be a treatment target for sugar cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Lens in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Lens in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Lens in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Qichang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Lens in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
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3
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Zhu L, Lu Y, Zhang J, Hu Q. Subcellular Redox Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:385-398. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Tai G, Wang J, Shang J, Zhang B, Wang P, Huang B, Du J, Yu J, Zhang H, Liu F. TIGAR knockdown radiosensitizes TrxR1-overexpressing glioma in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting Trx1 nuclear transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42928. [PMID: 28338004 PMCID: PMC5364507 DOI: 10.1038/srep42928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) is detected in more than half of gliomas, which is significantly associated with increased malignancy grade and recurrence rate. The biological functions of NADPH-dependent TrxR1 are mainly associated with reduced thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) which plays critical roles in cellular redox signaling and tumour radio-resistance. Our previous work has proved that TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) knockdown could notably radiosensitize glioma cells. However, whether TrxR1-overexpressing glioma cells could be re-radiosensitized by TIGAR silence is still far from clear. In the present study, TrxR1 was stably over-expressed in U-87MG and T98G glioma cells. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the radiosensitivity of glioma cells was considerably diminished by TrxR1 overexpression. TIGAR abrogation was able to radiosensitize TrxR1-overexpressing gliomas by inhibiting IR-induced Trx1 nuclear transport. Post-radiotherapy, TIGAR low-expression predicted significant longer survival time for animals suffering from TrxR1-overexpessing xenografts, which suggested that TIGAR abrogation might be a promising strategy for radiosensitizing TrxR1-overexpressing glial tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuo Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guomei Tai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Baoxing Huang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Du
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiahua Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenju Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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5
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Reiser K, Mathys L, Curbo S, Pannecouque C, Noppen S, Liekens S, Engman L, Lundberg M, Balzarini J, Karlsson A. The Cellular Thioredoxin-1/Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Driven Oxidoreduction Represents a Chemotherapeutic Target for HIV-1 Entry Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147773. [PMID: 26816344 PMCID: PMC4729491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The entry of HIV into its host cell is an interesting target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the life-cycle of the virus. During entry, reduction of disulfide bridges in the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 by cellular oxidoreductases is crucial. The cellular thioredoxin reductase-1 plays an important role in this oxidoreduction process by recycling electrons to thioredoxin-1. Therefore, thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitors may inhibit gp120 reduction during HIV-1 entry. In this present study, tellurium-based thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitors were investigated as potential inhibitors of HIV entry. Results The organotellurium compounds inhibited HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in cell culture at low micromolar concentrations by targeting an early event in the viral infection cycle. Time-of-drug-addition studies pointed to virus entry as the drug target, more specifically: the organotellurium compound TE-2 showed a profile similar or close to that of the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20). Surface plasmon resonance-based interaction studies revealed that the compounds do not directly interact with the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, nor with soluble CD4, but instead, dose-dependently bind to thioredoxin reductase-1. By inhibiting the thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin reductase-1-directed oxidoreduction of gp120, the organotellurium compounds prevent conformational changes in the viral glycoprotein which are necessary during viral entry. Conclusion Our findings revealed that thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin reductase-1 acts as a cellular target for the inhibition of HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Reiser
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Leen Mathys
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Curbo
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Sam Noppen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars Engman
- Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry–BMC, BOX 576, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Lundberg
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Huddinge, Sweden
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6
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Madrigal-Matute J, Fernandez-Garcia CE, Blanco-Colio LM, Burillo E, Fortuño A, Martinez-Pinna R, Llamas-Granda P, Beloqui O, Egido J, Zalba G, Martin-Ventura JL. Thioredoxin-1/peroxiredoxin-1 as sensors of oxidative stress mediated by NADPH oxidase activity in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:352-61. [PMID: 26117319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential association between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in vivo and in vitro, TRX-1/PRX-1 levels were assessed by ELISA in 84 asymptomatic subjects with known phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We found a positive correlation between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (r=0.48 and 0.47; p<0.001 for both) and IMT (r=0.31 and 0.36; p<0.01 for both) adjusted by age and sex. Moreover, asymptomatic subjects with plaques have higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels (p<0.01 for both). These data were confirmed in a second study in which patients with carotid atherosclerosis showed higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels than healthy subjects (p<0.001 for both). In human atherosclerotic plaques, the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox colocalized with TRX-1/PRX-1 in macrophages (immunohistochemistry). In monocytes and macrophages, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced NADPH activation and TRX-1/PRX-1 release to the extracellular medium, with a concomitant decrease in their intracellular levels, which was reversed by the NADPH inhibitor apocynin (Western blot). In loss-of-function experiments, genetic silencing of the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 blocked PMA-induced intracellular TRX-1/PRX-1 downregulation in macrophages. Furthermore, the PMA-induced release of TRX-1/PRX-1 involves the modulation of their redox status and exosome-like vesicles. TRX-1/PRX-1 levels are associated with NADPH oxidase-activity in vivo and in vitro. These data could suggest a coordinated antioxidant response to oxidative stress in atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roxana Martinez-Pinna
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Beloqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Zhang H, Gu C, Yu J, Wang Z, Yuan X, Yang L, Wang J, Jia Y, Liu J, Liu F. Radiosensitization of glioma cells by TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator knockdown is dependent on thioredoxin-1 nuclear translocation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:239-48. [PMID: 24509157 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) knockdown is proven to radiosensitize glioma cells, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) is a redox-sensitive oxidoreductase, which plays critical roles in DNA damage signal transduction via nuclear translocation in irradiated cells. Because the TRX1-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway relies on NADPH to maintain the reduced state of TRX1, and TIGAR functions to increase NADPH generation under oxidative stress, in this study, the role of TRX1 in TIGAR abrogation-induced radiosensitization was investigated. It was demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced nuclear translocation of TRX1 was significantly inhibited by TIGAR interference and reversed by wild-type (WT)-TRX1 overexpression. In addition, WT-TRX1 overexpression could accelerate the process of DNA damage repair postponed by TIGAR knockdown in irradiated glioma cells. The reduction process of IR-oxidized TRX1 was also delayed by TIGAR knockdown but restored by WT-TRX1 overexpression. Therefore, we conclude that TIGAR knockdown-induced radiosensitization of glioma cells may be dependent on the inhibition of TRX1 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiahua Yu
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yanshuang Jia
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Fenju Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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8
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García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M, Aguado C, Romá-Mateo C, Dasí F, Priego S, Markovic J, Knecht E, Sanz P, Pallardó FV. Lafora disease fibroblasts exemplify the molecular interdependence between thioredoxin 1 and the proteasome in mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:347-359. [PMID: 23850970 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a key regulator of cellular redox balance and participates in cellular signaling events. Recent evidence from yeast indicates that members of the Trx family interact with the 20S proteasome, indicating redox regulation of proteasome activity. However, there is little information about the interrelationship of Trx proteins with the proteasome system in mammalian cells, especially in the nucleus. Here, we have investigated this relationship under various cellular conditions in mammalian cells. We show that Trx1 levels and its subcellular localization (cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus) depend on proteasome activity during the cell cycle in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and under stress conditions, when proteasomes are inhibited. In addition, we also studied in these cells how the main cellular antioxidant systems are stimulated when proteasome activity is inhibited. Finally, we describe a reduction in Trx1 levels in Lafora disease fibroblasts and demonstrate that the nuclear colocalization of Trx1 with 20S proteasomes in laforin-deficient cells is altered compared with control cells. Our results indicate a close relationship between Trx1 and the 20S nuclear proteasome and give a new perspective to the study of diseases or physiopathological conditions in which defects in the proteasome system are associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Fundación del Hospital Clínico Universitat de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Dasí
- Fundación del Hospital Clínico Universitat de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Priego
- Research Core Facility, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jelena Markovic
- Research Core Facility, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Fundación del Hospital Clínico Universitat de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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9
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Cell stress proteins in atherothrombosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:232464. [PMID: 22792412 PMCID: PMC3389727 DOI: 10.1155/2012/232464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell stress proteins (CSPs) are a large and heterogenous family of proteins, sharing two main characteristics: their levels and/or location are modified under stress and most of them can exert a chaperon function inside the cells. Nonetheless, they are also involved in the modulation of several mechanisms, both at the intracellular and the extracellular compartments. There are more than 100 proteins belonging to the CSPs family, among them the thioredoxin (TRX) system, which is the focus of the present paper. TRX system is composed of several proteins such as TRX and peroxiredoxin (PRDX), two thiol-containing enzymes that are key players in redox homeostasis due to their ability to scavenge potential harmful reactive oxygen species. In addition to their main role as antioxidants, recent data highlights their function in several processes such as cell signalling, immune inflammatory responses, or apoptosis, all of them key mechanisms involved in atherothrombosis. Moreover, since TRX and PRDX are present in the pathological vascular wall and can be secreted under prooxidative conditions to the circulation, several studies have addressed their role as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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10
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Increased inflammatory signaling and lethality of influenza H1N1 by nuclear thioredoxin-1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18918. [PMID: 21526215 PMCID: PMC3078150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell culture studies show that the antioxidant thiol protein, thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), translocates to cell nuclei during stress, facilitates DNA binding of transcription factors NF-κB and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and potentiates signaling in immune cells. Excessive proinflammatory signaling in vivo contributes to immune hyper-responsiveness and disease severity, but no studies have addressed whether nuclear Trx1 mediates such responses. Methodology/Principal Findings Transgenic mice (Tg) expressing human Trx1 (hTrx1) with added nuclear localization signal (NLS) showed broad tissue expression and nuclear localization. The role of nuclear Trx1 in inflammatory signaling was examined in Tg and wild-type (WT) mice following infection with influenza (H1N1) virus. Results showed that Tg mice had earlier and more extensive NF-κB activation, increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression, greater weight loss, slower recovery and increased mortality compared to WT. Decreased plasma glutathione (GSH) and oxidized plasma GSH/GSSG redox potential (EhGSSG) following infection in Tg mice showed that the increased nuclear thiol antioxidant caused a paradoxical downstream oxidative stress. An independent test of this nuclear reductive stress showed that glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis was increased by NLS-Trx1. Conclusion/Significance Increased Trx1 in cell nuclei can increase severity of disease responses by potentiation of redox-sensitive transcription factor activation.
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Abstract
Proteins with oxidizable thiols are essential to many functions of cell nuclei, including transcription, chromatin stability, nuclear protein import and export, and DNA replication and repair. Control of the nuclear thiol-disulfide redox states involves both the elimination of oxidants to prevent oxidation and the reduction of oxidized thiols to restore function. These processes depend on the common thiol reductants, glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx1). Recent evidence shows that these systems are controlled independent of the cytoplasmic counterparts. In addition, the GSH and Trx1 couples are not in redox equilibrium, indicating that these reductants have nonredundant functions in their support of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, nuclear protein trafficking, and DNA repair. Specific isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, and peroxiredoxins are enriched in nuclei, further supporting the interpretation that functions of the thiol-dependent systems in nuclei are at least quantitatively distinct, and probably also qualitatively distinct, from similar processes in the cytoplasm. Elucidation of the distinct nuclear functions and regulation of the thiol redox pathways in nuclei can be expected to improve understanding of nuclear processes and also to provide the basis for novel approaches to treat aging and disease processes associated with oxidative stress in the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are a family of small (22-27 kDa) nonseleno peroxidases currently known to possess six mammalian isoforms. Although their individual roles in cellular redox regulation and antioxidant protection are quite distinct, they all catalyze peroxide reduction of H(2)O(2), organic hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. They are found to be expressed ubiquitously and in high levels, suggesting that they are both an ancient and important enzyme family. Prdxs can be divided into three major subclasses: typical 2-cysteine (2-Cys) Prdxs (Prdx1-4), atypical 2-Cys Prdx (Prdx 5) and 1-Cys Prdx (Prdx 6). Recent evidence suggests that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins are more than "just simple peroxidases". This hypothesis has been discussed elegantly in recent review articles, considering "over"-oxidation of the protonated thiolate peroxidatic cysteine and post-translational modification of Prdxs as processes initiating a mechanistic switch from peroxidase to chaperon function. The process of over-oxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine (C(P)) occurs during catalysis in the presence of thioredoxin (Trx), thus rendering the sulfenic moiety to sulfinic acid, which can be reduced by sulfiredoxin (Srx). However, further oxidation to sulfonic acid is believed to promote Prdx degradation or, as recently shown, the formation of oligomeric peroxidase-inactive chaperones with questionable H(2)O(2)-scavenging capacity. In the light of this and given that Prdx1 has recently been shown by us and by others to interact directly with signaling molecules, we will explore the possibility that H(2)O(2) regulates signaling in the cell in a temporal and spatial fashion via oxidizing Prdx1. Therefore, this review will focus on H(2)O(2) modulating cell signaling via Prdxs by discussing: (1) the activity of Prdxs towards H(2)O(2); (2) sub cellular localization and availability of other peroxidases, such as catalase or glutathione peroxidases; (3) the availability of Prdxs reducing systems, such as thioredoxin and sulfiredoxin and lastly, (4) Prdx1 interacting signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola A Neumann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Bernal-Bayard J, Ramos-Morales F. Salmonella type III secretion effector SlrP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27587-95. [PMID: 19690162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica encodes two virulence-related type III secretion systems in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2, respectively. These systems mediate the translocation of protein effectors into the eukaryotic host cell, where they alter cell signaling and manipulate host cell functions. However, the precise role of most effectors remains unknown. Using a genetic screen, we identified the small, reduction/oxidation-regulatory protein thioredoxin as a mammalian binding partner of the Salmonella effector SlrP. The interaction was confirmed by affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation. In vitro, SlrP was able to mediate ubiquitination of ubiquitin and thioredoxin. A Cys residue conserved in other effectors of the same family that also possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity was essential for this catalytic function. Stable expression of SlrP in HeLa cells resulted in a significant decrease of thioredoxin activity and in an increase of cell death. The physiological significance of these results was strengthened by the finding that Salmonella was able to trigger cell death and inhibit thioredoxin activity in HeLa cells several hours post-infection. This study assigns a functional role to the Salmonella effector SlrP as a binding partner and an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Bernal-Bayard
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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