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Gao H, Zhou L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Qian X, Liu Y, Wu G. Filamentous Fungi-Derived Orsellinic Acid-Sesquiterpene Meroterpenoids: Fungal Sources, Chemical Structures, Bioactivities, and Biosynthesis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1110-1124. [PMID: 37225133 DOI: 10.1055/a-2099-4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-derived polyketide-terpenoid hybrids are important meroterpenoid natural products that possess diverse structure scaffolds with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Herein, we focus on an ever-increasing group of meroterpenoids, orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids comprised of biosynthetic start unit orsellinic acid coupling to a farnesyl group or/and its modified cyclic products. The review entails the search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases up to June 2022. The key terms include "orsellinic acid", "sesquiterpene", "ascochlorin", "ascofuranone", and "Ascochyta viciae", which are combined with the structures of "ascochlorin" and "ascofuranone" drawn by the Reaxys and Scifinder databases. In our search, these orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids are mainly produced by filamentous fungi. Ascochlorin was the first compound reported in 1968 and isolated from filamentous fungus Ascochyta viciae (synonym: Acremonium egyptiacum; Acremonium sclerotigenum); to date, 71 molecules are discovered from various filamentous fungi inhabiting in a variety of ecological niches. As typical representatives of the hybrid molecules, the biosynthetic pathway of ascofuranone and ascochlorin are discussed. The group of meroterpenoid hybrids exhibits a broad arrange of bioactivities, as highlighted by targeting hDHODH (human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) inhibition, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities. This review summarizes the findings related to the structures, fungal sources, bioactivities, and their biosynthesis from 1968 to June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Weisberg E, Parent A, Yang PL, Sattler M, Liu Q, Liu Q, Wang J, Meng C, Buhrlage SJ, Gray N, Griffin JD. Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of COVID-19. Pharm Res 2020; 37:167. [PMID: 32778962 PMCID: PMC7417114 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an intense search for treatments by the scientific community. In the absence of a vaccine, the goal is to target the viral life cycle and alleviate the lung-damaging symptoms of infection, which can be life-threatening. There are numerous protein kinases associated with these processes that can be inhibited by FDA-approved drugs, the repurposing of which presents an alluring option as they have been thoroughly vetted for safety and are more readily available for treatment of patients and testing in clinical trials. Here, we characterize more than 30 approved kinase inhibitors in terms of their antiviral potential, due to their measured potency against key kinases required for viral entry, metabolism, or reproduction. We also highlight inhibitors with potential to reverse pulmonary insufficiency because of their anti-inflammatory activity, cytokine suppression, or antifibrotic activity. Certain agents are projected to be dual-purpose drugs in terms of antiviral activity and alleviation of disease symptoms, however drug combination is also an option for inhibitors with optimal pharmacokinetic properties that allow safe and efficacious co-administration with other drugs, such as antiviral agents, IL-6 blocking agents, or other kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Parent
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yamanaka Y, Gingery A, Oki G, Yang TH, Zhao C, Amadio PC. Blocking fibrotic signaling in fibroblasts from patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2067-2074. [PMID: 28294324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients is increasingly recognized as an important aspect of CTS pathophysiology. In this study, we evaluated the effect of blocking profibrotic pathways in fibroblasts from the SSCT in CTS patients. Fibroblasts were stimulated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and then treated either with a specific fibrosis pathway inhibitor targeting TGF-β receptor type 1 (TβRI), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Fibrosis array and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of fibrotic genes were evaluated. Array gene expression analysis revealed significant down-regulation of multiple fibrotic genes after treatment with TβRI, PDGFR, and VEGFR inhibitors. No array fibrotic genes were significantly down-regulated with EGFR inhibition. Further gene expression analysis of known CTS fibrosis markers collagen type I A2 (Col1), collagen type III A1 (Col3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and SERPINE1 showed significantly down-regulation after TβRI inhibition. In contrast, VEGFR inhibition significantly down-regulated CTGF and SERPINE1, whereas, PDGFR and EGFR inhibition significantly down-regulated Col3. Taken together the inhibition of TβRI appears to be the primary mediator of fibrotic gene expression in fibroblasts from CTS patients. TGF-β/Smad activity was further evaluated, and as expected inhibition of Smad activity was significantly down-regulated after inhibition of TβRI, but not with PDGFR, VEGFR, or EGFR inhibition. These results indicate that local therapies specifically targeting TGF-β signaling alone or in combination offer the potential of a novel local antifibrosis therapy for patients with CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne Gingery
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gosuke Oki
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tai-Hua Yang
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter C Amadio
- Biomechanics and Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Honjo K, Munakata S, Tashiro Y, Salama Y, Shimazu H, Eiamboonsert S, Dhahri D, Ichimura A, Dan T, Miyata T, Takeda K, Sakamoto K, Hattori K, Heissig B. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 regulates macrophage‐dependent postoperative adhesion by enhancing EGF‐HER1 signaling in mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:2625-2637. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600871rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Honjo
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Munakata
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery Tokyo Japan
| | - Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimazu
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Salita Eiamboonsert
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Takashi Dan
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational MedicineGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Immunology and Atopy CenterGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Koichi Hattori
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Immunology and Atopy CenterGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
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Park JY, Chung TW, Jeong YJ, Kwak CH, Ha SH, Kwon KM, Abekura F, Cho SH, Lee YC, Ha KT, Magae J, Chang YC, Kim CH. Ascofuranone inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via NF-kappaB and AP-1, p-ERK, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171322. [PMID: 28207754 PMCID: PMC5313137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural fungal compound ascofuranone (5-chloro-3-[(2E,6E)-7-[(2S)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-3-methyl-octa-2,6-dienyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzaldehyde, MW 420.93) (AF) isolated from Ascochyta viciae has been known to promote cell cycle arrest and inhibit invasion of tumor cells. We have previously studied a structurally similar compound ascochlorin (ASC; MW 404.93) with regard to its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS- stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to examine the relationship between the anti-inflammatory activities and the molecular differences between AF and ASC, the activity of AF is herein studied, because ASC has a unique trimethyl oxocyclohexyl structure, while AF has a unique dimethyl-oxo-tetrahydrofuran structure. AF dose-dependently inhibited the production of NO and iNOS and the COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, AF suppressed mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as assessed by RT-PCR. AF (30-50 μg/ml) treatment clearly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, AP-1 (p-c-Jun) from the cytosolic space. Phosphorylation of IκB, which functions to maintain the activity of NF-κB, was decreased by AF treatment. Moreover, AF suppressed the binding of NF-κB (p65). Inhibition of IkBa phosphorylation and degradation inhibits nuclear translocation of p65. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analysis also revealed that translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 (p-c-Jun) was decreased upon AF treatment. AF specifically decreased the expression level of p-ERK, but not the expression level of p-p38 or p-JNK. Given these results, we suggest that AF suppresses the inflammatory response by targeting p-ERK. This indicates that AF is a negative regulator of LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 (p-c-Jun) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and specifically it targets p-ERK. Therefore, AF and ASC exert their effects in different ways, most probably because their structural differences allow for specific recognition and inhibition of their target MAPKs. Our results further suggest that AF could be a natural bioactive compound useful for treating inflammation-mediated pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Kwak
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Magae
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49–4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHM); (YCC)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (CHM); (YCC)
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Wang Y, Liu N, Su X, Zhou G, Sun G, Du F, Bian X, Wang B. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates transforming growth factor-β1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Nrf2 regulation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Park JH, Lee MK, Yoon J. Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits hepatic PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK-dependent activator protein and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Apoptosis 2014; 20:336-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jeong YJ, Cho HJ, Magae J, Lee IK, Park KG, Chang YC. Ascofuranone suppresses EGF-induced HIF-1α protein synthesis by inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:542-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tyrosine kinase signaling in fibrotic disorders: Translation of basic research to human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:897-904. [PMID: 22728287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases regulate a broad variety of physiological cell processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Abnormal tyrosine kinase activity disturbs the physiological cell homeostasis and can lead to cancer, vascular disease, and fibrosis. In regard to fibrosis, different tyrosine kinases have been identified as determinants of disease progression and potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies. This includes both receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., PDGF receptor, VEGF receptor, EGF receptor, and JAK kinases) as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., c-Abl, c-Kit, and Src kinases). Given their central role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, researchers of our field study the anti-fibrotic effects of monoclonal antibodies or small-molecule inhibitors to block the aberrant tyrosine kinase activity and treat fibrosis in preclinical models of various fibrotic diseases (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and dermal fibrosis). The results of these studies were promising and prompted clinical trials with different compounds in fibrotic diseases. So far, results from studies with intedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and imatinib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis have been reported. Although none of these studies reported a positive primary outcome, promising trends in anti-fibrotic efficacy awaken our hopes for a new class of effective anti-fibrotic targeted therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Chang YC, Cho HJ. Ascofuranone stimulates expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor through the modulation of mitogen activated protein kinase family members in 3T3-L1, murine pre-adipocyte cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:423-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Samarakoon R, Overstreet JM, Higgins SP, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1 → SMAD/p53/USF2 → PAI-1 transcriptional axis in ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:117-28. [PMID: 21638209 PMCID: PMC3188682 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease constitutes an increasing medical burden affecting 26 million people in the United States alone. Diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, and urological obstruction contribute to renal fibrosis, a common pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Regardless of etiology, elevated TGF-β1 levels are causatively linked to the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways initiated by angiotensin, glucose, and oxidative stress. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a useful and accessible model to identify mechanisms underlying the progression of renal fibrosis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major effector and downstream target of TGF-β1 in the progression of several clinically important fibrotic disorders, is highly up-regulated in UUO and causatively linked to disease severity. SMAD and non-SMAD pathways (pp60(c-src), epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53) are required for PAI-1 induction by TGF-β1. SMAD2/3, pp60(c-src), EGFR, and p53 activation are each increased in the obstructed kidney. This review summarizes the molecular basis and translational significance of TGF-β1-stimulated PAI-1 expression in the progression of kidney disease induced by ureteral obstruction. Mechanisms discussed here appear to be operative in other renal fibrotic disorders and are relevant to the global issue of tissue fibrosis, regardless of organ site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samarakoon
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Jessica M. Overstreet
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
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Cho HJ, Kang JH, Jeong JH, Jeong YJ, Park KK, Park YY, Moon YS, Kim HT, Chung IK, Kim CH, Chang HW, Chang YC. Ascochlorin suppresses TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 expression through the inhibition of phospho-EGFR in rat kidney fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4597-603. [PMID: 21947785 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is induced by the excessive and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) with various growth factors in tissues. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the growth factor involved in fibrosis, modulates ECM synthesis and accumulation. TGF-β1 enhances the production of stimulators of ECM synthesis such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). As such, PAI-1 expression directly influences the proteolysis, invasion, and accumulation of ECM. It was shown in this study that ascochlorin, a prenylpenl antiobiotic, prevents the expression of profibrotic factors, such as PAI-1 and collagen type I, and that the TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 promoter activity is inhibited by ascochlorin. Ascochlorin abolishes the phosphorylation of the EGFR-MEK-ERK signaling pathway to regulate the TGF-β1-induced expression of PAI-1 without the inhibition of TβRII phosphorylation. Furthermore, the MEK inhibitor and EGFR siRNA block PAI-1 expression, and the Raf-1, MEK, and ERK signaling pathways for the regulation of PAI-1 expression. Ascochlorin suppresses the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity to activate the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), to induce the phosphorylation of EGFR, and the MMPs inhibitor suppresses EGFR phosphorylation and the PAI-1 mRNA levels. These results suggest that ascochlorin prevents the expression of PAI-1 via the inhibition of an EGFR-dependent signal transduction pathway activated by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
With >10,000,000 cancer survivors in the U.S. alone, the late effects of cancer treatment are a significant public health issue. Over the past 15 years, much work has been done that has led to an improvement in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of normal tissue injury after cancer therapy. In many cases, these injuries are characterized at the histologic level by loss of parenchymal cells, excessive fibrosis, and tissue atrophy. Among the many cytokines involved in this process, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is thought to play a pivotal role. TGF-beta1 has a multitude of functions, including both promoting the formation and inhibiting the breakdown of connective tissue. It also inhibits epithelial cell proliferation. TGF-beta1 is overexpressed at sites of injury after radiation and chemotherapy. Thus, TGF-beta1 represents a logical target for molecular therapies designed to prevent or reduce normal tissue injury after cancer therapy. Herein, the evidence supporting the critical role of TGF-beta1 in the development of normal tissue injury after cancer therapy is reviewed and the results of recent research aimed at preventing normal tissue injury by targeting the TGF-beta1 pathway are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Anscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Jeong JH, Kang SS, Park KK, Chang HW, Magae J, Chang YC. p53-independent induction of G1 arrest and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by ascofuranone, an isoprenoid antibiotic, through downregulation of c-Myc. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2102-13. [PMID: 20587660 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ascofuranone has been shown to have antitumor activity, but the precise molecular mechanism by which it inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we study the effects of ascofuranone on cell cycle progression in human cancer cells and find that ascofuranone induces G(1) arrest without cytoxicity with upregulation of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) while downregulating c-Myc and G(1) cyclins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA interference studies with cells deficient in p53 and p21 show that ascofuranone induces p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and subsequent G(1) arrest through the release of p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter from c-Myc-mediated transcriptional repression, independent of p53. Ascofuranone-induced p21(WAF1/CIP1) associates with CDK2 and prevents CDK2-cyclin E complex formation, leading to the inactivation of E2F transcriptional activity. These results suggest that ascofuranone upregulates p21(WAF1/CIP1) through p53-independent suppression of c-Myc expression, leading to cytostatic G(1) arrest. Thus, ascofuranone represents a unique natural antitumor compound that targets c-Myc independent of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hak Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Korea
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