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Poledniczek M, Neumayer C, Kopp CW, Schlager O, Gremmel T, Jozkowicz A, Gschwandtner ME, Koppensteiner R, Wadowski PP. Micro- and Macrovascular Effects of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Translational Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37626780 PMCID: PMC10452462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries. The present review aims at discussing the molecular and clinical effects of inflammatory processes on the micro- and macrovasculature with a focus on peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michael E. Gschwandtner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
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TLR4-SIRT3 Mechanism Modulates Mitochondrial and Redox Homeostasis and Promotes EPCs Recruitment and Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1282362. [PMID: 35832490 PMCID: PMC9273456 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1282362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vivo which are susceptible to adverse microenvironments including inflammation and oxidative stress has become one primary challenge of EPCs transplantation for regenerative therapy. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cellular oxidative stress and angiogenic properties. However, the involved mechanism has not yet been elucidated well, and the influence of TLR4 signaling on EPCs survival and function in vivo is unknown. In the present study, we observed the effects of LPS and TLR4/SIRT3 on EPCs mitochondrial permeability and intracellular mitochondrial superoxide. We employed the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arteriolar injury model to observe the effects of TLR4/SIRT3 on the recruitment and survival of transplanted EPCs. We found the destructive effects of 10 μg/mL LPS on mitochondrial homeostasis, and cellular viability was mediated by TLR4/SIRT3 signals at least partially, and the TLR4 mediates the early-stage recruitment of transplanted EPCs in pulmonary arteriolar inflammation injury; however, SIRT3 has more contribution to the survival of incorporated EPCs and ameliorated arteriolar remodeling in lung vascular tissue. The study provides insights for the critical role of TLR4/SIRT3 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorder in EPCs in vitro and in vivo. The TLR4/SIRT3 signaling is important for EPCs resistance against inflammation and oxidative stress and may represent a new manipulating target for developing efficient cell therapy strategy.
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Deng H, Gong Y, Chen Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Cheng T, Jin L, Wang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide affects the angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells via Akt/FoxO1 signaling. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:859-868. [PMID: 35694806 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) function as the angiogenic switch of many physiological and pathological conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the angiogenic capacity of EPCs and delineate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were isolated from human umbilical blood. CCK-8 assay was undertaken to analyze the cell viability. The migration and tube formation capacity were assessed by wound healing and tube formation, respectively. The protein expression of Akt/p-Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/p-eNOS, and Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)/p-FoxO1 was determined by Western blot. The intracellular localization of FoxO1 was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS P. gingivalis LPS at 10 μg/ml significantly increased the viability (10.9 ± 2.9%), migration (16.3 ± 3.1%), and tube formation (38.6 ± 5.5%) of EPCs, along with increased phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and FoxO1. Mechanistically, Akt inhibition by specific inhibitor wortmannin and FoxO1 forced expression by adenovirus transfection in EPCs markedly attenuated the P. gingivalis LPS-induced eNOS activation, tube formation, and migration. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS-induced phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 were blunted by Akt inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that P. gingivalis LPS could affect the angiogenic function of EPCs through the Akt/FoxO1 signaling. The current findings may shed light on the clinical association of periodontitis with aberrant angiogenesis seen in atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Gong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianfan Cheng
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Xia L, Wang X, Yao W, Wang M, Zhu J. Lipopolysaccharide increases exosomes secretion from endothelial progenitor cells by toll-like receptor 4 dependent mechanism. Biol Cell 2022; 114:127-137. [PMID: 35235701 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can exert angiogenic effects by a paracrine mechanism, where exosomes work as an important mediator. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on human EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on EPC angiogenic properties. To study on the effects of TLR4/LPS signaling on EPC-derived exosomes (Exo) and involved mechanisms, we investigated the effect of LPS on exosomes secretion from human EPC and tested Exo functions by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related H2 DCF-DA assay. To clarify the mechanism, we examined the changes in intracellular calcium levels and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) development in EPC. We employed the inhibitors of the plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA), endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (ERCA), PLC-IP3 pathway and store-operated calcium entry to assess the effects of LPS on calcium signalings which critical for exosome secretion. LPS induced the release of Exo in a TLR4-dependent manner in vitro, which effect can be partly abrogated by the membrane-permeable IP 3 R antagonist, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), but not PLC inhibitor, U-73122. The LPS can significantly delay the fallback of [Ca 2+ ]i after isolating the cellular PMCA activity, and disturb PMCA 1/4 expression. The distribution of elevated intracellular calcium seemed coincident with the development of MVBs. Furthermore, the LPS-induced Exo maintained valid anti-oxidation/senescence properties. The PMCA and ER Ca 2+ release mechanism may contribute to the pro-exosomal effects of LPS on EPC, which is valuable for potential pro-regenerative application in future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sasaki Y, Guo YM, Goto T, Ubukawa K, Asanuma K, Kobayashi I, Sawada K, Wakui H, Takahashi N. IL-6 Generated from Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells through TLR4 Signaling Promotes Emergency Granulopoiesis by Regulating Transcription Factor Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1078-1086. [PMID: 34341172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis, also known as demand-adapted granulopoiesis, is defined as the response of an organism to systemic bacterial infections, and it results in neutrophil mobilization from reservoir pools and increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Indirect and direct initiating mechanisms of emergency granulopoiesis have been hypothesized. However, the detailed mechanism of hyperactive myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, which leads to granulocyte left shift, remains unknown. In this study, we report that TLR4 is expressed on granulo-monocytic progenitors, as well as mobilized human peripheral blood CD34+ cells, which account for 0.2% of monocytes in peripheral blood, and ∼ 10% in bone marrow. LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria that results in a systemic bacterial infection, induces the differentiation of peripheral blood CD34+ cells into myelocytes and monocytes in vitro via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, CD34+ cells directly responded to LPS stimulation by activating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and they produced IL-6 that promotes emergency granulopoiesis by phosphorylating C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, and this effect was suppressed by the action of an IL-6 receptor inhibitor. This work supports the finding that TLR is expressed on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and it provides evidence that human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can directly sense pathogens and produce cytokines exerting autocrine and/or paracrine effects, thereby promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sasaki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan;
| | - Tatsufumi Goto
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kumi Ubukawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ken Asanuma
- Division of Radio Isotope, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; and
| | - Isuzu Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawada
- Medical Corporation Hokubukai Utsukushigaoka Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Wakui
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Shao C, Yang X, Jing Y, Hou X, Huang Y, Zong C, Gao L, Liu W, Jiang J, Ye F, Shi J, Zhao Q, Li R, Zhang X, Wei L. The stemness of hepatocytes is maintained by high levels of lipopolysaccharide via YAP1 activation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:342. [PMID: 34112239 PMCID: PMC8193885 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver possesses a powerful regeneration ability, which is correlated with the stemness of hepatocytes in the portal vein (PV). However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of hepatocyte stemness has not been elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that high levels of lipopolysaccharide from the portal vein might maintain the stemness of hepatocytes in the PV area. Methods First, we examined the location of hepatic stem cells and the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the portal vein and inferior vena cava. Then, we assessed the effect of LPS on stemness maintenance in mice by using antibiotics to eliminate LPS and knocking out the LPS receptor, TLR4. In vitro, the effect of LPS on the stemness of hepatocytes was investigated by colony and sphere formation assays and assessment of pluripotent and stem cell marker expression. Furthermore, we studied the mechanism by which LPS regulates the stemness of hepatocytes. Finally, we ligated the portal vein branch to further verify the effect of LPS. Results We found that a high level of LPS from the portal vein was correlated with the location of hepatic stem cells in the PV area, and elimination of LPS by antibiotics inhibited the expression of the stemness marker. LPS promoted colony and sphere formation and induced the upregulation of pluripotent and stem cell markers in AML12 cells. Furthermore, in the reprogramming medium, LPS facilitated the dedifferentiation of mature hepatocytes into hepatic progenitor-like cells, which exhibited a bipotent differentiation capacity in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, LPS bound TLR4 to regulate stemness of hepatocytes via the activation of YAP1 signaling, and blockade of YAP1 abolished the LPS-induced cell stemness and upregulation of pluripotent markers. Conclusions Our study implies a correlation between LPS/TLR4/YAP1 signaling and cell stemness, and LPS was shown to be involved in stemness maintenance of hepatocytes in the PV area. LPS might be used to induce the dedifferentiation of mature hepatocytes into progenitor-like cells for repair of liver injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02421-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Shao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junxia Shi
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiudong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Sica RA, Terzioglu MK, Mahmud D, Mahmud N. Mechanistic Basis of ex Vivo Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Progenitor Cell Expansion. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:628-638. [PMID: 32424674 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB) transplantation has been used successfully in humans for three decades due to its rapid availability for patients lacking a suitable allogeneic donor, less stringent HLA matching requirements, and low rates of relapse and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, CB transplantation is associated with complications, such as delayed hematopoietic engraftment, graft failure, which increases infection and bleeding and causes longer hospital stays, and transplant-related mortality. The majority of these biological limitations are due to the unforeseeable functional potency of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which reduce the predictability of successful transplantation; however, several strategies have been developed to increase the number of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) infused during CB transplantation. This review primarily addresses the methods that promote ex vivo CB expansion within the context of symmetrical and asymmetrical HSC division and those that rely on epigenetic mechanisms, along with the reportedly most successful cytokine combinations. We also review recent clinical research on small molecules (StemRegenin-1, UM171, and nicotinamide) in ex vivo expanded CB and discuss yet unvalidated preclinical strategies. Expanding and transplanting CB graft enriched in HSPCs in a single CB unit is a particularly exciting prospect with the potential to improve the use and availability of CB grafts. Greater knowledge of optimal ex vivo expansion strategies, cell longevity, and graft potency will expand the scope of cellular therapies. Also the development of adequate ex vivo HSPC expansion strategies could bring expanded cord blood grafts to the forefront of transplant therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alejandro Sica
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Clinical Sciences Building (CSB) Rm# 826, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Meryem K Terzioglu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Clinical Sciences Building (CSB) Rm# 826, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dolores Mahmud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Clinical Sciences Building (CSB) Rm# 826, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Nadim Mahmud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Clinical Sciences Building (CSB) Rm# 826, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Heidarzadeh M, Avcı ÇB, Saberianpour S, Ahmadi M, Hassanpour M, Bagheri HS, Rezaie J, Talebi M, Roodbari F, Sokullu E, Darabi M, Rahbarghazi R. Activation of toll-like receptor signaling in endothelial progenitor cells dictates angiogenic potential: from hypothesis to actual state. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:389-401. [PMID: 33459880 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated from cord blood samples and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting method based on the CD133 marker. Cells were incubated with different doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, ranging from 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 250, 500, to 1000 µg/ml, for 48 h. The cell survival rate was determined by using MTT assay. To confirm activation of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PCR array analysis was performed. Protein levels of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, NF-ƙB and TRIF proteins were measured using western blotting. The content of TNF-α and lipoprotein lipase activity were analyzed by immunofluorescence imaging. Flow cytometric analysis of CD31 was performed to assess the maturation rate. Cell migration was studied by the Transwell migration assay. The expression of genes related to exosome biogenesis was measured using real-time PCR analysis. In vivo gel plug angiogenesis assay was done in nude mice. Lipopolysaccharide changed endothelial progenitor cells' survival in a dose-dependent manner with maximum viable cells in groups treated with 2 µg/ml. PCR array analysis showed the activation of toll-like signaling pathways after exposure to LPS (p<0.05). Western blotting analysis indicated an induction of p-ERK1/2 and Erk1/2, NF-kB and TRIF in LPS-treated EPCs compared with the control (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed an elevation of TNF-α and lipoprotein lipase activity after lipopolysaccharide treatment (p<0.05). Lipopolysaccharide increased EPC migration and expression of exosome biogenesis-related genes (p<0.05). In vivo gel plug analysis revealed enhanced angiogenesis in cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Data highlighted the close relationship between the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and functional activity in EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çığır Biray Avcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shirin Saberianpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Roodbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Heidarzadeh M, Roodbari F, Hassanpour M, Ahmadi M, Saberianpour S, Rahbarghazi R. Toll-like receptor bioactivity in endothelial progenitor cells. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:223-230. [PMID: 31754781 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death globally that can be mitigated by the modulation of angiogenesis. To achieve this goal, the application of endothelial progenitor cells and other stem cell types is useful. Following the onset of cardiovascular disease and pro-inflammatory conditions as seen during bacterial sepsis, endothelial progenitor cells enter systemic circulation in response to multiple cytokines and activation of various intracellular mechanisms. The critical role of Toll-like receptors has been previously identified in the dynamics of various cell types, in particular, immune cells. To our knowledge, there are a few experiments related to the role of Toll-like receptors in endothelial progenitor cell activity. Emerging data point of endothelial progenitor cells and other stem cells having the potential to express Toll-like receptors to control different activities such as multipotentiality and dynamics of growth. In this review article, we aim to collect data related to the role of Toll-like receptors in endothelial progenitor cells bioactivity and angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Roodbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Saberianpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Buffa S, Borzì D, Chiarelli R, Crapanzano F, Lena AM, Nania M, Candi E, Triolo F, Ruvolo G, Melino G, Balistreri CR. Biomarkers for vascular ageing in aorta tissues and blood samples. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110741. [PMID: 31648011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional and quantitative alterations and senescence of circulating and expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), as well as systemic and tissue modifications of angiogenetic and inflammatory molecules, were evaluated for predicting age-related vessel wall remodeling, correlating them to intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA), a biomarker of early cardiovascular disease and aortic root dilation. POPULATIONS AND METHODS A homogenous Caucasian population was included in the study, constituted by 160 healthy subjects (80 old subjects, mean age 72 ± 6.4, range 66-83 years; and 80 younger blood donors, mean age 26.2 ± 3.4, range 21-33 years), and 60 old subjects (mean age 73 ± 1.4 (range 66-83) years) with aortic root dilatation and hypertension, and 60 old people (70 ± 2.8 (age range 66-83)) with sporadic ascending aorta aneurysm (AAA). In addition, 20 control individuals (10 men and 10 women, mean age: 65 ± 8), were also included in the study for evaluating the gene expression's levels, in aorta tissues. Appropriate techniques, practises, protocols, gating strategies and statistical analyses were performed in our evaluations. RESULTS Interestingly, old people had a significantly reduced functionality and a high grade of senescence (high SA-β-Gal activity and high levels of TP53, p21 and p16 genes) of EPC expanded than younger subjects. The values of related parameters progressively augmented from the old subjects, in good healthy shape, to subjects with hypertension and aorta dilation, and AAA. Moreover, they significantly impacted the endothelium than the alterations in EPC number. No changes, but rather increased systemic levels of VEGF and SDF-1 were also assessed in old people vs. younger donors. Old people also showed significantly increased systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, and a reciprocal significant reduction of systemic s-Notch 1 than younger subjects. These parameters, also including the number EPC alterations, resulted to be significantly sustained in old people bearers of an inflammatory combined genotype. Consistent with these data, a reduced expression of Notch-1 gene, accompanied by a sustained expression of inflammatory genes (i.e. TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17) were detected in aortic tissues from old control people and AAA cases. Finally, we detected the biological effects induced by all the detected alterations on vessel wall age-related remodeling, by evaluating the IMT in the population studied and correlating it to these alterations. The analysis demonstrated that the unique independent risk predictors for vascular ageing are age, the EPC reduced migratory activity and senescence, high grade of expression of genes inducing EPC senescence and chronic tissue and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we propose these parameters, of easy determination in biological samples (i.e. blood and tissue samples) from alive human population, as optimal biomarkers for vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buffa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Borzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Chiarelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Crapanzano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Nania
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Luo X, Xiao B, Xiao Z. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adenosine 5'-Trisphosphate in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through Negative Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor MyD88 Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1557-1563. [PMID: 31580158 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evokes a proinflammatory immune response, and plays a pivotal role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). ATP (adenosine 5'-trisphosphate), a powerful extracellular signal transduction molecule, functions to regulate immune inflammatory responses depending on the type of P2 receptors and cell lines. In this study, we first performed RT-PCR to detect the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and IL-1β induced by different concentrations of LPS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Protein level of TLR4 signaling including TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), and CD14 induced by LPS (1 μg/mL) at different times (0, 10, 30, 60, 120 min) was analyzed by Western blot. Then, RT-PCR was performed to detect the effect of different concentrations of ATP on mRNA expression of IL-1β and MCP-1 induced by LPS (1 μg/mL) and the TLR4 signaling pathway. Western blot was performed to detect the effect of low concentrations of ATP on phosphorylation of p65 induced by 1 μg/mL LPS. Finally, we used P2Y receptor blocker Suramin to verify whether the role of ATP on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression was through P2Y receptors. The results showed that LPS upregulated the expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by the activation of TLR4-MyD88 signaling in HUVECs. Only low concentration ATP (1, 10 μM) inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1β and MCP-1. ATP at low concentrations also downregulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, CD14, and MyD88 and inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65. Furthermore, Suramin, a nonspecific P2Y receptor antagonist, did not attenuate the inhibition of ATP on LPS-induced IL-1β and MCP-1 expression. Taking this together, low concentration ATP inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs by negatively regulating TLR4-MyD88 signaling, and P2Y receptors were not involved in this process, which might provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bolin Xiao
- School of Stomatological, WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilin Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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13
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Hu J, Shi B, Liu X, Jiang M, Yuan C, Jiang B, Song Y, Zeng Y, Wang G. The activation of Toll-like receptor 4 reverses tumor differentiation in human glioma U251 cells via Notch pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:33-41. [PMID: 30145468 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are closely related to cancer. However, the mechanism for TLR regulation of cancer is not fully understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 functions to maintain the un-differential stem cell phenotypes of human endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we found that human glioma cells expressed several TLRs. The activation of TLR4 by LPS in glioma U251 cells induced the expression of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα, suggesting the functional expression of TLR4. Nude mouse in vivo studies showed that LPS treatment promoted tumor growth, and decreased mouse survival. But LPS treatment did not promote tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Meanwhile, we found that LPS treatment down-regulated the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an important differentiation maker of glioma, at both mRNA and protein levels. TLR4 activation also down-regulated GFAP in glioma Hs683 cells. LPS did not induce the activation of MAPKs, but induced the activation of NF-κB. However, pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signaling did not reverse the down-regulation of GFAP. Furthermore, we found that LPS induced the activation of Notch pathway, which was MyD88-dependent, and Notch inhibition reversed the down-regulation of GFAP. In addition, LPS treatment up-regulated stem cell makers, including CD34 and CD133. Taken together, these results suggested that in human glioma U251 cells, TLR4 functions to reverse tumor differentiation, and it may be a target for glioma prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Binyuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Changsha Cancer Institute, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Changsha Cancer Institute, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Changsha Cancer Institute, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Liu HN, Zhen Z, Yiu KH, Tse HF, Pelekos G, Tonetti M, Jin L. Periodontal treatment modulates gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic patients. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1253-1263. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hin Nam Liu
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kai Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - George Pelekos
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Maurizio Tonetti
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Discipline of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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15
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Morrone D, Felice F, Scatena C, De Martino A, Picoi MLE, Mancini N, Blasi S, Menicagli M, Di Stefano R, Bortolotti U, Naccarato AG, Balbarini A. Role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in the reparative mechanisms of stable ischemic myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2017; 257:243-246. [PMID: 28918896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into circulation from bone marrow in patients with acute myocardial infarction has strong scientific evidence; less is known about EPC mobilization in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of stable ischemic heart disease with EPC levels in tissue and blood. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive patients admitted to a single treatment center for valve or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in the morning before surgery and analyzed by flow-cytometry to determine peripheral EPC levels (EPC/ml). Tissue EPC (CD34+VEGFR2+) levels were assessed on a right atrial appendage segment. RESULTS Mean age was 76±5years, 48% were men, and 53% had CAD The number of CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells in the tissue of patients with CAD was significantly higher (p<0.005) and circulating EPC showed a tendency to be reduced by approximately 20% in peripheral blood of patients with CAD when compared to those without CAD. CONCLUSION Patients with stable CAD had higher EPC density values (EPC/mm2) and were more likely to have lower EPC blood levels when compare with normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morrone
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Felice
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Scatena
- Translational Re New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A De Martino
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M L E Picoi
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Blasi
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - R Di Stefano
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - U Bortolotti
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A G Naccarato
- Translational Re New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Balbarini
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Balistreri CR, Ruvolo G, Lio D, Madonna R. Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway in aorta aging and diseases: "its double nature". J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:38-53. [PMID: 28668304 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of innate immunity have revealed a complex role of innate immune signaling pathways in both tissue homeostasis and disease. Among them, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) pathways has been linked to various pathophysiological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This has been interrogated by developing multiple laboratory tools that have shown in animal models and clinical conditions, the involvement of the TLR-4 signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of different CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury and aorta aneurysm. Among these, aorta aneurysm, a very complex pathological condition with uncertain etiology and fatal complications (i.e. dissection and rupture), has been associated with the occurrence of high risk cardiovascular conditions, including thrombosis and embolism. In this review, we discuss the possible role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in the development of aorta aneurysm, considering the emerging evidence from ongoing investigations. Our message is that emphasizing the role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in aorta aneurysm may serve as a starting point for future studies, leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis and perhaps the effective treatment of this difficult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Heart Failure Research, Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-Met and Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences "G. D'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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17
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A Fermented Whole Grain Prevents Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1026268. [PMID: 28386305 PMCID: PMC5366772 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1026268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous signals derived by the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orchestrate inflammatory responses contributing to development of the endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow derived stem cells, promote recovery of damaged endothelium playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular repair. Since healthy nutrition improves EPCs functions, we evaluated the effect of a fermented grain, Lisosan G (LG), on early EPCs exposed to LPS. The potential protective effect of LG against LPS-induced alterations was evaluated as cell viability, adhesiveness, ROS production, gene expression, and NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Our results showed that LPS treatment did not affect EPCs viability and adhesiveness but induced endothelial alterations via activation of NF-kB signaling. LG protects EPCs from inflammation as well as from LPS-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reducing ROS levels, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defense. Moreover, LG pretreatment prevented NF-kB translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus caused by LPS exposure. In human EPCs, LPS increases ROS and upregulates proinflammatory tone, proapoptotic factors, and antioxidants. LG protects EPCs exposed to LPS reducing ROS, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defenses possibly by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Meniscus contains heterogeneous populations of cells that have not been fully characterized. Cell phenotype is often lost during culture; however, culture expansion is typically required for tissue engineering. We examined and compared cell-surface molecule expression levels on human meniscus cells from the vascular and avascular regions and articular chondrocytes while documenting changes during culture-induced dedifferentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expressions of 16 different surface molecules were examined by flow cytometry after monolayer culture for 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Menisci were also immunostained to document the spatial distributions of selected surface molecules. RESULTS Meniscus cells and chondrocytes exhibited several similarities in surface molecule profiles with dynamic changes during culture. A greater percentage of meniscal cells were positive for CD14, CD26, CD49c, and CD49f compared to articular chondrocytes. Initially, more meniscal cells from the vascular region were positive for CD90 compared to cells from the avascular region or chondrocytes. Cells from the vascular region also expressed higher levels of CD166 and CD271 compared to cells from the avascular region. CD90, CD166, and CD271-positive cells were predominately perivascular in location. However, CD166-positive cells were also located in the superficial layer and in the adjacent synovial and adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These surface marker profiles provide a target phenotype for differentiation of progenitors in tissue engineering. The spatial location of progenitor cells in meniscus is consistent with higher regenerative capacity of the vascular region, while the surface progenitor subpopulations have potential to be utilized in tears created in the avascular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P. Grogan
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Darryl D. D’Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA
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LPS-TLR4 Pathway Mediates Ductular Cell Expansion in Alcoholic Hepatitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35610. [PMID: 27752144 PMCID: PMC5067590 DOI: 10.1038/srep35610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease for which there are no effective therapies. Patients with AH show impaired hepatocyte proliferation, expansion of inefficient ductular cells and high lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. It is unknown whether LPS mediates ductular cell expansion. We performed transcriptome studies and identified keratin 23 (KRT23) as a new ductular cell marker. KRT23 expression correlated with mortality and LPS serum levels. LPS-TLR4 pathway role in ductular cell expansion was assessed in human and mouse progenitor cells, liver slices and liver injured TLR4 KO mice. In AH patients, ductular cell expansion correlated with portal hypertension and collagen expression. Functional studies in ductular cells showed that KRT23 regulates collagen expression. These results support a role for LPS-TLR4 pathway in promoting ductular reaction in AH. Maneuvers aimed at decreasing LPS serum levels in AH patients could have beneficial effects by preventing ductular reaction development.
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Abstract
Adult or somatic stem cells are tissue-resident cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance as well as to generate new cells with the principal phenotypes of the tissue in response to injury or disease. Due to their easy accessibility and their potential use in regenerative medicine, adult stem cells raise the hope for future personalisable therapies. After infection or during injury, they are exposed to broad range of pathogen or damage-associated molecules leading to changes in their proliferation, migration and differentiation. The sensing of such damage and infection signals is mostly achieved by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) with Toll-like receptor 4 being responsible for recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge on the TLR4-mediated signalling in different adult stem cell populations. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of TLR4 and its ligands on proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells as well as neural stem cells. Finally, we discuss conceptual and technical pitfalls in investigation of TLR4 signalling in stem cells.
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Salvador B, Arranz A, Francisco S, Córdoba L, Punzón C, Llamas MÁ, Fresno M. Modulation of endothelial function by Toll like receptors. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:46-56. [PMID: 27073018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are able to actively control vascular permeability, coagulation, blood pressure and angiogenesis. Most recently, a role for endothelial cells in the immune response has been described. Therefore, the endothelium has a dual role controlling homeostasis but also being the first line for host defence and tissue damage repair thanks to its ability to mount an inflammatory response. Endothelial cells have been shown to express pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) including Toll-like receptors (TLR) that are activated in response to stimuli within the bloodstream including pathogens and damage signals. TLRs are strategic mediators of the immune response in endothelial cells but they also regulate the angiogenic process critical for tissue repair. Nevertheless, endothelial activation and angiogenesis can contribute to some pathologies. Thus, inappropriate endothelial activation, also known as endothelial dysfunction, through TLRs contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia and diabetes associated cardiovascular diseases. Also TLR induced angiogenesis is required for the growth of some tumors, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. In this review we discuss the importance of various TLRs in modulating the activation of endothelial cells and their importance in immunity to infection and vascular disease as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Francisco
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Córdoba
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Sun D, Sun L, Xu Q, Gong Y, Wang H, Yang J, Yuan Y. SNP-SNP Interaction between TLR4 and MyD88 in Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in the Chinese Han Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030278. [PMID: 26959040 PMCID: PMC4808941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway plays a role in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated SNP-SNP interactions between the TLR4 and MyD88 genes in CAD susceptibility and assessed whether the effects of such interactions were modified by confounding risk factors (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection). Participants with CAD (n = 424) and controls (n = 424) without CAD were enrolled. Polymerase chain restriction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed on genomic DNA to detect polymorphisms in TLR4 (rs10116253, rs10983755, and rs11536889) and MyD88 (rs7744). H. pylori infections were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the cardiovascular risk factors for each subject were evaluated clinically. The significant interaction between TLR4 rs11536889 and MyD88 rs7744 was associated with an increased CAD risk (p value for interaction = 0.024). In conditions of hyperglycemia, the interaction effect was strengthened between TLR4 rs11536889 and MyD88 rs7744 (p value for interaction = 0.004). In hyperlipidemic participants, the interaction strength was also enhanced for TLR4 rs11536889 and MyD88 rs7744 (p value for interaction = 0.006). Thus, the novel interaction between TLR4 rs11536889 and MyD88 rs7744 was related with an increased risk of CAD, that could be strengthened by the presence of hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening, Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening, Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening, Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening, Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Honghu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening, Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Mena HA, Carestia A, Scotti L, Parborell F, Schattner M, Negrotto S. Extracellular histones reduce survival and angiogenic responses of late outgrowth progenitor and mature endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:397-410. [PMID: 26663311 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Extracellular histones are highly augmented in sites of neovessel formation, such as regeneration tissues. We studied histone effect on survival and angiogenic activity of mature and progenitor endothelial cells. Extracellular histones trigger apoptosis and pyroptosis and reduce angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Histone blockade can be useful as a therapeutic strategy to improve angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. BACKGROUND Extracellular histones are highly augmented in sites of neovessel formation, like regeneration tissues. Their cytotoxic effect has been studied in endothelial cells, although the mechanism involved and their action on endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of histones on ECFC survival and angiogenic functions and compare it with mature endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Nuclear morphology analysis showed that each human recombinant histone triggered both apoptotic-like and necrotic-like cell deaths in both mature and progenitor endothelial cells. While H1 and H2A exerted a weak toxicity, H2B, H3 and H4 were the most powerful. The percentage of apoptosis correlated with the percentage of ECFCs exhibiting caspase-3 activation and was zeroed by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Necrotic-like cell death was also suppressed by this compound and the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK, indicating that histones triggered ECFC pyroptosis. All histones, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, reduced migration and H2B, H3 and H4 induced cell cycle arrest and impaired tubulogenesis via p38 activation. Neutrophil-derived histones exerted similar effects. In vivo blood vessel formation in the quail chorioallantoic membrane was also reduced by H2B, H3 and H4. Their cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects were suppressed by unfractioned and low-molecular-weight heparins and the combination of TLR2 and TLR4 blocking antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Histones trigger both apoptosis and pyroptosis of ECFCs and inhibit their angiogenic functions. Their cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects are similar in mature endothelial cells and disappear after heparin addition or TLR2/TLR4 blockade, suggesting both as therapeutic strategies to improve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Mena
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Carestia
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Scotti
- Experimental Medicine and Biology Institute (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Parborell
- Experimental Medicine and Biology Institute (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Schattner
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Negrotto
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Are Endothelial Progenitor Cells the Real Solution for Cardiovascular Diseases? Focus on Controversies and Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:835934. [PMID: 26509164 PMCID: PMC4609774 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced knowledge in the field of stem cell biology and their ability to provide a cue for counteracting several diseases are leading numerous researchers to focus their attention on “regenerative medicine” as possible solutions for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the lack of consistent evidence in this arena has hampered the clinical application. The same condition affects the research on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), creating more confusion than comprehension. In this review, this aspect is discussed with particular emphasis. In particular, we describe biology and physiology of EPCs, outline their clinical relevance as both new predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic CVD biomarkers and therapeutic agents, discuss advantages, disadvantages, and conflicting data about their use as possible solutions for vascular impairment and clinical applications, and finally underline a very crucial aspect of EPCs “characterization and definition,” which seems to be the real cause of large heterogeneity existing in literature data on this topic.
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Ma F, Morancho A, Montaner J, Rosell A. Endothelial progenitor cells and revascularization following stroke. Brain Res 2015; 1623:150-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Stewart EA, Wei R, Branch MJ, Sidney LE, Amoaku WM. Expression of Toll-like receptors in human retinal and choroidal vascular endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 138:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chen C, Lin X, Wang J, Tang G, Mu Z, Chen X, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY. Effect of HMGB1 on the Paracrine Action of EPC Promotes Post-Ischemic Neovascularization in Mice. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2679-89. [PMID: 24888319 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Mu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center; Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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Can the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway be "a key inflammatory promoter for sporadic TAA"? Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:349476. [PMID: 25120286 PMCID: PMC4120489 DOI: 10.1155/2014/349476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aorta shows with advancing age various changes and a progressive deterioration in structure and function. As a result, vascular remodeling (VR) and medial degeneration (MD) occur as pathological entities responsible principally for the sporadic TAA onset. Little is known about their genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Recent evidence is proposing the strong role of a chronic immune/inflammatory process in their evocation and progression. Thus, we evaluated the potential role of Toll like receptor- (TLR-) 4-mediated signaling pathway and its polymorphisms in sporadic TAA. Genetic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were assessed. Interestingly, the rs4986790 TLR4 polymorphism confers a higher susceptibility for sporadic TAA (OR = 14.4, P = 0.0008) and it represents, together with rs1799752 ACE, rs3918242 MMP-9, and rs2285053 MMP-2 SNPs, an independent sporadic TAA risk factor. In consistency with these data, a significant association was observed between their combined risk genotype and sporadic TAA. Cases bearing this risk genotype showed higher systemic inflammatory mediator levels, significant inflammatory/immune infiltrate, a typical MD phenotype, lower telomere length, and positive correlations with histopatological abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, and ageing. Thus, TLR4 pathway should seem to have a key role in sporadic TAA. It might represent a potential useful tool for preventing and monitoring sporadic TAA and developing personalized treatments.
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Mahmud N, Petro B, Baluchamy S, Li X, Taioli S, Lavelle D, Quigley JG, Suphangul M, Araki H. Differential effects of epigenetic modifiers on the expansion and maintenance of human cord blood stem/progenitor cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 20:480-9. [PMID: 24374212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.12.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic therapies, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, are increasingly being considered to treat hematological malignancies, but their effects on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely unexplored. We compared the effects of several HDAC inhibitors, including valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA), alone or in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azaD) on the expansion of HSCs. VPA induced the highest expansion of CD34+CD90+ cells and progenitor cells compared with other HDAC inhibitors or the sequential addition of 5azaD/TSA in culture. Xenotransplantation studies demonstrated that VPA prevents HSC loss, whereas 5azaD/TSA treatment leads to a net expansion of HSCs that retain serial transplantation ability. 5azaD/TSA-mediated HSC expansion was associated with increased histone acetylation and transient DNA demethylation, which corresponded with higher gene transcript levels. However, some genes with increased transcript levels lacked changes in methylation. Importantly, a global microarray analysis revealed a set of differentially expressed genes in 5azaD/TSA- and VPA-expanded CD34+ cells that might be involved in the expansion and maintenance of transplantable HSCs, respectively. In summary, our data indicate that treatment of HSCs with different chromatin-modifying agents results in either the expansion or maintenance of HSCs, an observation of potential therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Mahmud
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Benjamin Petro
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudhakar Baluchamy
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xinmin Li
- Clinical Microarray Core, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Simona Taioli
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald Lavelle
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John G Quigley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Montha Suphangul
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiroto Araki
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Lin YW, Huang CY, Chen YH, Shih CM, Tsao NW, Lin CY, Chang NC, Tsai CS, Tsai HY, Tsai JC, Huang PH, Li CY, Lin FY. GroEL1, a heat shock protein 60 of Chlamydia pneumoniae, impairs neovascularization by decreasing endothelial progenitor cell function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84731. [PMID: 24376840 PMCID: PMC3871664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are sensitive to hyperglycemia, hypertension, and smoking in humans, which are also associated with the development of atherosclerosis. GroEL1 from Chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in atherosclerotic lesions and is related to atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the actual effects of GroEL1 on EPC function are unclear. In this study, we investigate the EPC function in GroEL1-administered hind limb-ischemic C57BL/B6 and C57BL/10ScNJ (a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mutation) mice and human EPCs. In mice, laser Doppler imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the degree of neo-vasculogenesis, circulating level of EPCs, and expression of CD34, vWF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vessels. Blood flow in the ischemic limb was significantly impaired in C57BL/B6 but not C57BL/10ScNJ mice treated with GroEL1. Circulating EPCs were also decreased after GroEL1 administration in C57BL/B6 mice. Additionally, GroEL1 inhibited the expression of CD34 and eNOS in C57BL/B6 ischemic muscle. In vitro, GroEL1 impaired the capacity of differentiation, mobilization, tube formation, and migration of EPCs. GroEL1 increased senescence, which was mediated by caspases, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 signaling in EPCs. Furthermore, GroEL1 decreased integrin and E-selectin expression and induced inflammatory responses in EPCs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that TLR4 and impaired NO-related mechanisms could contribute to the reduced number and functional activity of EPCs in the presence of GroEL1 from C. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chi Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Qiang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Yang N, Xiong L, Yi J, Jing H, Wu H. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow in mice. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:427-34. [PMID: 24297111 PMCID: PMC3896518 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute lung injury (ALI), and that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in tissue repair. Therefore, in this study it was hypothesized that LPS influences the number and function of EPCs directly. In order to investigate this, an in vitro study was performed using EPCs. EPCs were cultured for seven days (early EPCs), and then treated with increasing concentrations of LPS (10 pg/ml, 100 pg/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The proliferation, senescence and adhesion of EPCs was then assessed. Alongside this an in vivo study was also performed. Mice were administered LPS (2.5 mg/kg) via the trachea. After 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, EPCs were harvested and cultured for seven days, and the proliferation, senescence and adhesion of the EPCs were examined. The results showed that the rate of adhesion and senescence of EPCs decreased in vitro when treated with 10 and 100 ng/ml LPS. The adhesion and senescence rate also decreased after 12 and 24 h in vivo. Proliferation, however, was increased in vitro following treatment with 10 and 100 ng/ml LPS, but proliferation in vivo decreased after 8 and 12 h. The effects of LPS on EPCs were distinct in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, cells were sensitive to 100 ng/ml LPS. In the course of ALI induced by LPS, the proliferation and adhesion activity of the EPCs was activated in 8 h and then gradually decreased with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Canhui Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jing
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Extracellular nucleotide inhibits cell proliferation and negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 4 signalling in human progenitor endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:625-33. [PMID: 22299633 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides mediate a wide range of physiological effects by interacting with plasma membrane P2 purinergic receptors. P2 receptors are expressed in certain kinds of stem cells, and function to induce cytokine expression and to modulate cell proliferation. We have analysed the expression and the function of P2 receptors in human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells). EPCs expressed P2X4,6,7 and P2Y2,4,11,13,14 receptors and extracellular ATP inhibited EPCs proliferation. As in a previous study, EPCs expressed functional TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) and activation of TLR4 by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) evoked a pro-inflammatory immune response. When human EPCs were stimulated with LPS and nucleotides, ATP or UTP inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IFNα (interferon α), TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) induced by LPS. ATP and UTP also down-regulated the gene expression of TLR4, CD14 and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), a TLR adaptor molecule, and protein expression of CD14 and MyD88. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) p65 induced by TLR4 activation was inhibited partly by ATP or UTP at concentrations of 1-5 μM. These results suggest that extracellular nucleotides negatively regulate EPCs proliferation and TLR4 signalling.
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Procalcific phenotypic drift of circulating progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes with coronary artery disease. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:921685. [PMID: 22474430 PMCID: PMC3299316 DOI: 10.1155/2012/921685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters circulating progenitor cells relevant for the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). While endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are reduced, there is no data on procalcific polarization of circulating progenitors, which may contribute to vascular calcification in these patients. In a cohort of 107 subjects with and without DM and CAD, we analyzed the pro-calcific versus endothelial differentiation status of circulating CD34+ progenitor cells. Endothelial commitment was determined by expression of VEGFR-2 (KDR) and pro-calcific polarization by expression of osteocalcin (OC) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). We found that DM patients had significantly higher expression of OC and BAP on circulating CD34+ cells than control subjects, especially in the presence of CAD. In patients with DM and CAD, the ratio of OC/KDR, BAP/KDR, and OC+BAP/KDR was about 3-fold increased than in other groups. EPCs cultured from DM patients with CAD occasionally formed structures highly suggestive of calcified nodules, and the expression of osteogenic markers by EPCs from control subjects was significantly increased in response to the toll-like receptor agonist LPS. In conclusion, circulating progenitor cells of diabetic patients show a phenotypic drift toward a pro-calcific phenotype that may be driven by inflammatory signals.
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Yang M, Xiao Z, Lv Q, Liu X, Zhou L, Chen X, Chen M, Fang L, Xie X, Hu J. The functional expression of TLR3 in EPCs impairs cell proliferation by induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle progress inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2118-24. [PMID: 21964048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a member of the TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), plays an important role in antiviral immunity. TLR3 is widely expressed in various cells and the activation of TLR3 induces cell apoptosis in some cells. However, the effect of TLR3 on cell proliferation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is unclear. In this study, we found that EPCs expressed high levels of TLR1, 3, 4, and 6 and low levels of TLR2, 5, 7, 8, and 10. The treatment of EPCs with TLR3 agonist Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-β, indicating that EPCs expressed functional TLR3. Moreover, Poly I:C treatment induced cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that IL-1β was involved in TLR3-induced cell proliferation inhibition, as IL-1β inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the IL-1β receptor type I (IL-1R1)-neutralizing antibody ameliorated Poly I:C-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that Poly I:C impairs cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis via TLR3 in EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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Lin Q, Yang XP, Fang D, Ren X, Zhou H, Fang J, Liu X, Zhou S, Wen F, Yao X, Wang JM, Su SB. High-mobility group box-1 mediates toll-like receptor 4-dependent angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1024-32. [PMID: 21372296 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is closely linked to angiogenesis, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key mediators of inflammatory responses. However, the impact of TLRs on angiogenesis is incompletely understood. In this study, we determined the involvement of TLRs in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS In a mouse model of alkali-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV), we found that CNV was attenuated in TLR4-/- but not TLR2-/- mice. Further study revealed that the absence of TLR4 led to decreased production of proangiogenic factors in association with reduced accumulation of macrophages at the site of wounds, which was associated with reduced expression of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, an endogenous ligand for TLR4. Topical application of HMGB1 to the injured cornea promoted CNV with increased macrophage accumulation in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-/- mice. HMGB1 treatment in vitro also promoted the production of proangiogenic factors by mouse macrophages in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, antagonists of HMGB1 and TLR4 reduced CNV and macrophage recruitment in the injured cornea of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the release of HMGB1 in the wounds initiates TLR4-dependent responses that contribute to neovascularization. Thus, targeting HMGB1-TLR4 signaling cascade may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Rd, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Cytokeratin-Positive Cells (CK+) as Potential Dendritic Cells. FOOTMARKS OF INNATE IMMUNITY IN THE OVARY AND CYTOKERATIN-POSITIVE CELLS AS POTENTIAL DENDRITIC CELLS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-16077-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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