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Trinh K, Julovi SM, Rogers NM. The Role of Matrix Proteins in Cardiac Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031338. [PMID: 35163259 PMCID: PMC8836004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-regulatory proteins mediate structural and cell-cell interactions that are crucial for embryonic cardiac development and postnatal homeostasis, as well as organ remodeling and repair in response to injury. These proteins possess a broad functionality that is regulated by multiple structural domains and dependent on their ability to interact with extracellular substrates and/or cell surface receptors. Several different cell types (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells) within the myocardium elaborate ECM proteins, and their role in cardiovascular (patho)physiology has been increasingly recognized. This has stimulated robust research dissecting the ECM protein function in human health and disease and replicating the genetic proof-of-principle. This review summarizes recent developments regarding the contribution of ECM to cardiovascular disease. The clear importance of this heterogeneous group of proteins in attenuating maladaptive repair responses provides an impetus for further investigation into these proteins as potential pharmacological targets in cardiac diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Trinh
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sohel M. Julovi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Toba H, Ikemoto MJ, Kobara M, Nakata T. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) increments by the renin-angiotensin system induce renal fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174681. [PMID: 34871556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, was recently shown to induce collagen deposition through the production of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) in the aging heart. ADAMTS1 regulates ECM turnover by degrading ECM components, and its excessive activation contributes to various pathological states, including fibrosis. The present study investigated the pathophysiological regulation and role of SPARC and ADAMTS1 in renal fibrosis using uninephrectomized rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 40 mg/kg/week, subcutaneously) and salt (1% in drinking water). The administration of DOCA and salt gradually and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure during the 3-week treatment period, induced proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production, malondialdehyde concentrations, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and osteopontin expression in the kidneys. Glomerulosclerosis, fibrillar collagen deposition, and transforming growth factor-β expression increased in a time-dependent manner, and SPARC and ADAMTS1 expression showed a similar pattern to these changes. The angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker losartan suppressed the overexpression of SPARC and ADAMTS1, and an in vitro exposure to angiotensin II induced the production of both SPARC and ADAMTS1 in renal fibroblast NRK-49F cells. Knockdown of the SPARC gene with small interfering RNA reduced all forms (the 110-kDa latent and 87- and 65-kDa bioactive forms) of ADAMTS1 expression as well as collagen production. These results suggest that SPARC is induced by the renin-angiotensin system and may be a fibrogenic factor, at least in part, by producing ADAMTS1 in hypertensive renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Molecular Composite Physiology Research Group, Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kim SY, Lee EH, Park SY, Choi H, Koh JT, Park EK, Kim IS, Kim JE. Ablation of Stabilin-1 Enhances Bone-Resorbing Activity in Osteoclasts In Vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:205-214. [PMID: 31025051 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stabilin-1 is a transmembrane receptor that regulates molecule recycling and cell homeostasis by controlling the intracellular trafficking and participates in cell-cell adhesion and transmigration. Stabilin-1 expression is observed in various organs, including bones; however, its function and regulatory mechanisms in the bone remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the physiological function of stabilin-1 in bone cells and tissue using a stabilin-1 knockout (Stab1 KO) mouse model. In wild-type (WT) mice, stabilin-1 was expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its expression was maintained during osteoblast differentiation but significantly decreased after osteoclast differentiation. There was no difference in osteoblast differentiation and function, or the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers between mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Stab1 KO and WT mice. However, osteoclast differentiation marker levels demonstrated a non-significant increase and bone-resorbing activity was significantly increased in vitro in RANKL-induced osteoclasts from Stab1-deficient bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) compared with those of WT BMMs. Microcomputed tomography showed a negligible difference between WT and Stab1 KO mice in bone volume and trabecular thickness and number. Moreover, no in vivo functional defect in bone formation by osteoblasts was observed in the Stab1 KO mice. The osteoclast surface and number showed an increased tendency in Stab1 KO mice compared to WT mice in vivo, but this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, these results indicate that Stab1 does not play an essential role in in vivo bone development and bone cell function, but it does affect in vitro osteoclast maturation and function for bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Seifert GJ. Fascinating Fasciclins: A Surprisingly Widespread Family of Proteins that Mediate Interactions between the Cell Exterior and the Cell Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1628. [PMID: 29857505 PMCID: PMC6032426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domain is an ancient structural motif in extracellular proteins present in all kingdoms of life and particularly abundant in plants. The FAS1 domain accommodates multiple interaction surfaces, enabling it to bind different ligands. The frequently observed tandem FAS1 arrangement might both positively and negatively regulate ligand binding. Additional protein domains and post-translational modifications are partially conserved between different evolutionary clades. Human FAS1 family members are associated with multiple aspects of health and disease. At the cellular level, mammalian FAS1 proteins are implicated in extracellular matrix structure, cell to extracellular matrix and cell to cell adhesion, paracrine signaling, intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Mammalian FAS1 proteins bind to the integrin family of receptors and to protein and carbohydrate components of the extracellular matrix. FAS1 protein encoding plant genes exert effects on cellulosic and non-cellulosic cell wall structure and cellular signaling but to establish the modes of action for any plant FAS1 protein still requires biochemical experimentation. In fungi, eubacteria and archaea, the differential presence of FAS1 proteins in closely related organisms and isolated biochemical data suggest functions in pathogenicity and symbiosis. The inter-kingdom comparison of FAS1 proteins suggests that molecular mechanisms mediating interactions between cells and their environment may have evolved at the earliest known stages of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg J Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Ariganello MB, Guadarrama Bello D, Rodriguez-Contreras A, Sadeghi S, Isola G, Variola F, Nanci A. Surface nanocavitation of titanium modulates macrophage activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8297-8308. [PMID: 30584301 PMCID: PMC6287524 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoscale surface modifications are widely touted to improve the biocompatibility of medically relevant materials. Immune cells, such as macrophages, play a critical role in the initial healing events following implantation. METHODS To understand the response of macrophages to nanotopography better, we exposed U937-derived macrophages to a distinctive mesoporous titanium surface (TiNano) produced by a process of simple chemical nanocavitation, and to mechanically polished titanium (TiPolished) and glass coverslip (Glass) surfaces as controls. Cell numbers and morphology were evaluated. Osteopontin expression and that of the proinflammatory SPARC protein and its stabilin 1 receptor were analyzed. Release of inflammation-associated cytokines and chemokines was also measured. RESULTS Compared to the two control surfaces, there were fewer U937 cells on TiNano, and these exhibited a more rounded morphology with long filopodia. The cells showed areas of punctate actin distribution, indicating formation of podosomes. Of the three proteins examined, only osteopontin's immunofluorescence signal was clearly reduced. Irrespective of the substrate, the cytokine assay revealed important variations in expression levels of the multiple molecules analyzed and downregulation in a number of chemokines by the TiNano surface. CONCLUSION These results indicate that macrophages sense and respond to the physicochemical cueing generated by the nanocavitated surface, triggering cellular and molecular changes consistent with lesser inflammatory propensity. Given the previously reported beneficial outcome of this mesoporous surface on osteogenic activity, it could be presumed that modulation of the macrophagic response it elicits may also contribute to initial bone-integration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B Ariganello
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Dainelys Guadarrama Bello
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Alejandra Rodriguez-Contreras
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Shayan Sadeghi
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,
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Zhen Z, Yang K, Ye L, You Z, Chen R, Liu Y. Decorin gene upregulation mediated by an adeno-associated virus vector increases intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel in neuroblastoma via inhibition of stabilin-1. Invest New Drugs 2017. [PMID: 28631095 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of effective medication for the treatment of refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma remains limited. This study sought to investigate the effects of increased decorin (DCN) expression on the intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel as a potential novel approach to NB. Correlation between the clinical characteristics of neuroblastoma and the expression of DCN, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and stabilin-1 was evaluated. The anticancer effect of recombinant adeno-associated virus-DCN (rAAV-DCN) was assessed in vivo and in vitro. And the effect of rAAV-DCN on the intratumoral uptake of paclitaxel was also studied in neuroblastoma-grafted nude mice. Overall, 12.5%, 17.7%, and 71.9% of the tumors stained positive for DCN, SPARC and stabilin-1 respectively and correlated to age, stage and N-MYC status in 96 children and adolescents with neuroblastoma. Transfected neuroblastoma cells stably expressed DCN, with in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrating rAAV-DCN sensitized the anticancer effect of nab-paclitaxel. Systemic rAAV-DCN in neuroblastoma-grafted nude mice inhibited stabilin-1, up-regulated SPARC, and increased the intratumoral uptake of paclitaxel. Macrophage depletion or anti-stabilin-1 monoclonal antibody increased the intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel and its anticancer effects to a degree comparable to that achieved by systemic rAAV-DCN. The systemic administration of rAAV-DCN up-regulates DCN in neuroblastoma and accelerates the intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel by inhibiting stabilin-1 mediated SPARC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kaibin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Litong Ye
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao You
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rirong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Stabilin-1 expression defines a subset of macrophages that mediate tissue homeostasis and prevent fibrosis in chronic liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9298-303. [PMID: 27474165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604780113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key regulators of fibrosis development and resolution. Elucidating the mechanisms by which they mediate this process is crucial for establishing their therapeutic potential. Here, we use experimental models of liver fibrosis to show that deficiency of the scavenger receptor, stabilin-1, exacerbates fibrosis and delays resolution during the recovery phase. We detected a subset of stabilin-1(+) macrophages that were induced at sites of cellular injury close to the hepatic scar in mouse models of liver fibrosis and in human liver disease. Stabilin-1 deficiency abrogated malondialdehyde-LDL (MDA-LDL) uptake by hepatic macrophages and was associated with excess collagen III deposition. Mechanistically, the lack of stabilin-1 led to elevated intrahepatic levels of the profibrogenic chemokine CCL3 and an increase in GFAP(+) fibrogenic cells. Stabilin-1(-/-) macrophages demonstrated a proinflammatory phenotype during liver injury and the normal induction of Ly6C(lo) monocytes during resolution was absent in stabilin-1 knockouts leading to persistence of fibrosis. Human stabilin-1(+) monocytes efficiently internalized MDA-LDL and this suppressed their ability to secrete CCL3, suggesting that loss of stabilin-1 removes a brake to CCL3 secretion. Experiments with cell-lineage-specific knockouts revealed that stabilin-1 expression in myeloid cells is required for the induction of this subset of macrophages and that increased fibrosis occurs in their absence. This study demonstrates a previously unidentified regulatory pathway in fibrogenesis in which a macrophage scavenger receptor protects against organ fibrosis by removing fibrogenic products of lipid peroxidation. Thus, stabilin-1(+) macrophages shape the tissue microenvironment during liver injury and healing.
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Salvatierra E, Alvarez MJ, Leishman CC, Rivas Baquero E, Lutzky VP, Chuluyan HE, Podhajcer OL. SPARC Controls Melanoma Cell Plasticity through Rac1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134714. [PMID: 26248315 PMCID: PMC4527691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transition to a more aggressive mesenchymal-like phenotype is a hallmark of cancer progression that involves different steps and requires tightly regulated cell plasticity. SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is a matricellular protein that promotes this transition in various malignant cell types, including melanoma cells. We found that suppression of SPARC expression in human melanoma cells compromised cell migration, adhesion, cytoskeleton structure, and cell size. These changes involved the Akt/mTOR pathway. Re-expression of SPARC or protein addition restored all the cell features. Suppression of SPARC expression was associated with increased Rac1-GTP levels and its membrane localization. Expression of the dominant negative mutant of Rac1 counteracted almost all the changes observed in SPARC-deficient cells. Overall, these data suggest that most of the SPARC-mediated effects occurred mainly through the blockade of Rac1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Salvatierra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
| | - Mariano J. Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Leishman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
| | - Elvia Rivas Baquero
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Laboratory of Immunomodulators, School of Medicine, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. Eduardo Chuluyan
- Laboratory of Immunomodulators, School of Medicine, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo L. Podhajcer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Toba H, de Castro Brás LE, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Lindsey ML, Bradshaw AD. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age-related cardiac inflammation and macrophage M1 polarization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C972-82. [PMID: 25877699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00402.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in age-related cardiac inflammation, we studied six groups of mice: young (3-5 mo old), middle-aged (10-12 mo old), and old (18-29 mo old) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (Null) mice (n = 7-10/group). Cardiac function and structure were determined by echocardiography. The left ventricle was used for cytokine gene array and macrophage quantification by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage infiltration increased with age in WT (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for young vs. old), but not in Null. Proinflammatory markers (Ccl5, Cx3cl1, Ccr2, and Cxcr3) increased in middle-aged and old WT, whereas they were increased only in old Null compared with respective young (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that SPARC deletion delayed age-related cardiac inflammation. To further assess how SPARC affects inflammation, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages with SPARC (n = 4). SPARC treatment increased expression of proinflammatory macrophage M1 markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 markers. Echocardiography (n = 7-10/group) revealed an age-related increase in wall thickness of the left ventricle in WT (0.76 ± 0.02 mm in young vs. 0.91 ± 0.03 mm in old; P < 0.05) but not in Null (0.78 ± 0.01 mm in young vs. 0.84 ± 0.02 mm in old). In conclusion, SPARC deletion delayed age-related increases in macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro. SPARC acts as an important mediator of age-related cardiac inflammation by increasing the expression of macrophage M1 markers and decreasing M2 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
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11
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Witt SH, Juraeva D, Sticht C, Strohmaier J, Meier S, Treutlein J, Dukal H, Frank J, Lang M, Deuschle M, Schulze TG, Degenhardt F, Mattheisen M, Brors B, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Witt CC, Rietschel M. Investigation of manic and euthymic episodes identifies state- and trait-specific gene expression and STAB1 as a new candidate gene for bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e426. [PMID: 25136889 PMCID: PMC4150244 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. To identify new BD genes and pathways, the present study employed a three-step approach. First, gene-expression profiles of BD patients were assessed during both a manic and an euthymic phase. These profiles were compared intra-individually and with the gene-expression profiles of controls. Second, those differentially expressed genes that were considered potential trait markers of BD were validated using data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortiums' genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BD. Third, the implicated molecular mechanisms were investigated using pathway analytical methods. In the present patients, this novel approach identified: (i) sets of differentially expressed genes specific to mania and euthymia; and (ii) a set of differentially expressed genes that were common to both mood states. In the GWAS data integration analysis, one gene (STAB1) remained significant (P=1.9 × 10(-4)) after adjustment for multiple testing. STAB1 is located in close proximity to PBMR1 and the NEK4-ITIH1-ITIH3-ITIH4 region, which are the top findings from GWAS meta-analyses of mood disorder, and a combined BD and schizophrenia data set. Pathway analyses in the mania versus control comparison revealed three distinct clusters of pathways tagging molecular mechanisms implicated in BD, for example, energy metabolism, inflammation and the ubiquitin proteasome system. The present findings suggest that STAB1 is a new and highly promising candidate gene in this region. The combining of gene expression and GWAS data may provide valuable insights into the biological mechanisms of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany. E-mail:
| | - D Juraeva
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sticht
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Meier
- National Center for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Dukal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Lang
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Deuschle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- Section of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark,Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C C Witt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Sage EH. Revisiting the matricellular concept. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:1-14. [PMID: 25064829 PMCID: PMC4379989 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a matricellular protein was first proposed by Paul Bornstein in the mid-1990s to account for the non-lethal phenotypes of mice with inactivated genes encoding thrombospondin-1, tenascin-C, or SPARC. It was also recognized that these extracellular matrix proteins were primarily counter or de-adhesive. This review reappraises the matricellular concept after nearly two decades of continuous investigation. The expanded matricellular family as well as the diverse and often unexpected functions, cellular location, and interacting partners/receptors of matricellular proteins are considered. Development of therapeutic strategies that target matricellular proteins are discussed in the context of pathology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
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14
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Yan L, Chaqour B. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) at the crosshairs of ocular neovascular and fibrovascular disease therapy. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:253-63. [PMID: 23740088 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature forms a highly branched network investing every organ of vertebrate organisms. The retinal circulation, in particular, is supported by a central retinal artery branching into superficial arteries, which dive into the retina to form a dense network of capillaries in the deeper retinal layers. The function of the retina is highly dependent on the integrity and proper functioning of its vascular network and numerous ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and retinopathy of prematurity are caused by vascular abnormalities culminating in total and sometimes irreversible loss of vision. CCN1 and CCN2 are inducible extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins which play a major role in normal and aberrant formation of blood vessels as their expression is associated with developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Both CCN1 and CCN2 achieve disparate cell-type and context-dependent activities through modulation of the angiogenic and synthetic phenotype of vascular and mesenchymal cells respectively. At the molecular level, CCN1 and CCN2 may control capillary growth and vascular cell differentiation by altering the composition or function of the constitutive ECM proteins, potentiating or interfering with the activity of various ligands and/or their receptors, physically interfering with the ECM-cell surface interconnections, and/or reprogramming gene expression driving cells toward new phenotypes. As such, these proteins emerged as important prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in neovascular and fibrovascular diseases of the eye. The purpose of this review is to highlight our current knowledge and understanding of the most recent data linking CCN1 and CCN2 signaling to ocular neovascularization bolstering the potential value of targeting these proteins in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yan
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY) Eye Institute Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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15
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David C, Nance JP, Hubbard J, Hsu M, Binder D, Wilson EH. Stabilin-1 expression in tumor associated macrophages. Brain Res 2012; 1481:71-8. [PMID: 22960114 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive and common form of brain tumor. Current therapies consist of a combination of surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These drastic treatments still leave a current prognosis of median survival of less than 1 year. Lack of effectiveness of these treatments has left researchers looking for alternative forms of treatment. A significant alternative currently being investigated is the use of the immune system to potentially target and eliminate tumor cells directly. Stabilin-1, a scavenger receptor expressed by macrophages, has the potential in inhibiting tumor growth by binding and internalizing secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). SPARC is known to be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment and is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, cell proliferation and migration. Decreasing SPARC expression using siRNA has been shown to decrease tumor invasiveness and survival. We investigated the phenotype of stabilin-1 expressing immune cells in the tumor environment and demonstrated a transient population of alternatively activated macrophages expressing stabilin-1 in the tumor environment and the disappearance of that population as the tumor progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément David
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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16
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Interactions between the extracellular matrix and inflammation during viral myocarditis. Immunobiology 2011; 217:503-10. [PMID: 21907443 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is a life-threatening disease characterized by severe cardiac inflammation that can result in heart failure or sudden cardiac death in previously healthy adults. In a subset of patients, it may result in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy due to the chronic inflammatory process. Despite its clinical need, specific treatments for myocarditis are currently not available. The extracellular matrix (ECM) under normal conditions, functions to maintain the mechanical and structural integrity of the heart but can adapt under pathological circumstances to preserve cardiac function. Recent studies have revealed a crucial role of the ECM in the reparative process after cardiac insult, not only as a key component in cardiac remodeling but also as a regulator of the inflammatory process. Increasing our understanding of the impact the ECM has in the disease pathogenesis and progression of viral myocarditis, might lead to much needed therapeutic interventions. In this review we will describe the pathology of viral myocarditis and illustrate the interplay between inflammation and the ECM in general terms, and during viral myocarditis.
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17
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McCurdy SM, Dai Q, Zhang J, Zamilpa R, Ramirez TA, Dayah T, Nguyen N, Jin YF, Bradshaw AD, Lindsey ML. SPARC mediates early extracellular matrix remodeling following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H497-505. [PMID: 21602472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01070.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that functions in the extracellular processing of newly synthesized collagen. Collagen deposition to form a scar is a key event following a myocardial infarction (MI). Because the roles of SPARC in the early post-MI setting have not been defined, we examined age-matched wild-type (WT; n=22) and SPARC-deficient (null; n=25) mice at day 3 post-MI. Day 0 WT (n=28) and null (n=20) mice served as controls. Infarct size was 52 ± 2% for WT and 47 ± 2% for SPARC null (P=NS), indicating that the MI injury was comparable in the two groups. By echocardiography, WT mice increased end-diastolic volumes from 45 ± 2 to 83 ± 5 μl (P < 0.05). SPARC null mice also increased end-diastolic volumes but to a lesser extent than WT (39 ± 3 to 63 ± 5 μl; P < 0.05 vs. day 0 controls and vs. WT day 3 MI). Ejection fraction fell post-MI in WT mice from 57 ± 2 to 19 ± 1%. The decrease in ejection fraction was attenuated in the absence of SPARC (65 ± 2 to 28 ± 2%). Fibroblasts isolated from SPARC null left ventricle (LV) showed differences in the expression of 22 genes encoding extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule genes, including fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN2), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). The change in fibroblast gene expression levels was mirrored in tissue protein extracts for fibronectin, CTGF, and MMP-3 but not TIMP-2. Combined, the results of this study indicate that SPARC deletion preserves LV function at day 3 post-MI but may be detrimental for the long-term response due to impaired fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCurdy
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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