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Abouelasrar Salama S, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Acute-serum amyloid A and A-SAA-derived peptides as formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2 ligands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1119227. [PMID: 36817589 PMCID: PMC9935590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1119227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally, it was thought that a single serum amyloid A (SAA) protein was involved in amyloid A amyloidosis, but in fact, SAA represents a four-membered family wherein SAA1 and SAA2 are acute phase proteins (A-SAA). SAA is highly conserved throughout evolution within a wide range of animal species suggestive of an important biological function. In fact, A-SAA has been linked to a number of divergent biological activities wherein a number of these functions are mediated via the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2. For instance, through the activation of FPR2, A-SAA has been described to regulate leukocyte activation, atherosclerosis, pathogen recognition, bone formation and cell survival. Moreover, A-SAA is subject to post-translational modification, primarily through proteolytic processing, generating a range of A-SAA-derived peptides. Although very little is known regarding the biological effect of A-SAA-derived peptides, they have been shown to promote neutrophil and monocyte migration through FPR2 activation via synergy with other GPCR ligands namely, the chemokines CXCL8 and CCL3, respectively. Within this review, we provide a detailed analysis of the FPR2-mediated functions of A-SAA. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of A-SAA-derived peptides as allosteric modulators of FPR2.
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Shridas P, Patrick AC, Tannock LR. Role of Serum Amyloid A in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121883. [PMID: 34944527 PMCID: PMC8699432 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data positively correlate plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels with cardiovascular disease severity and mortality. Studies by several investigators have indicated a causal role for SAA in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Suppression of SAA attenuates the development of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Thus, SAA is not just a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, but it is a key player. However, to consider SAA as a therapeutic target for these diseases, the pathway leading to its involvement needs to be understood. This review provides a brief description of the pathobiological significance of this enigmatic molecule. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data relevant to its role in the development of CVD, the pitfalls in SAA research, and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Shridas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Avery C Patrick
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Veterans Affairs Lexington, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Regulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Formyl Peptide Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease Progression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030243. [PMID: 33804219 PMCID: PMC7998928 DOI: 10.3390/life11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most important regulators of cardiac function and are commonly targeted for medical therapeutics. Formyl-Peptide Receptors (FPRs) are members of the GPCR superfamily and play an emerging role in cardiovascular pathologies. FPRs can modulate oxidative stress through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production whose dysregulation has been observed in different cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, many studies are focused on identifying molecular mechanisms of the regulation of ROS production. FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3 belong to the FPRs family and their stimulation triggers phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules and nonsignaling proteins that are required for NADPH oxidase activation. Some FPR agonists trigger inflammatory processes, while other ligands activate proresolving or anti-inflammatory pathways, depending on the nature of the ligands. In general, bacterial and mitochondrial formylated peptides activate a proinflammatory cell response through FPR1, while Annexin A1 and Lipoxin A4 are anti-inflammatory FPR2 ligands. FPR2 can also trigger a proinflammatory pathway and the switch between FPR2-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory cell responses depends on conformational changes of the receptor upon ligand binding. Here we describe the detrimental or beneficial effects of the main FPR agonists and their potential role as new therapeutic and diagnostic targets in the progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang H, Chen X, Zong B, Yuan H, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wang X, Liu G, Zhang J, Li S, Cheng G, Wang Y, Ma Y. Gypenosides improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4437-4448. [PMID: 29993180 PMCID: PMC6111804 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which may relate to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gypenosides (Gps), the major ingredients of Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino, have exerted the properties of anti-hyperglycaemia and anti-inflammation, but whether Gps improve myocardial damage and the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that high glucose (HG) induced myocardial damage by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and then promoting IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in H9C2 cells and NRVMs. Meanwhile, HG elevated the production of ROS, which was vital to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, the ROS activated the NLRP3 inflammasome mainly by cytochrome c influx into the cytoplasm and binding to NLRP3. Inhibition of ROS and cytochrome c dramatically down-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved the cardiomyocyte damage induced by HG, which was also detected in cells treated by Gps. Furthermore, Gps also reduced the levels of the C-reactive proteins (CRPs), IL-1β and IL-18, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequently improved myocardial damage in vivo. These findings provide a mechanism that ROS induced by HG activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by cytochrome c binding to NLRP3 and that Gps may be potential and effective drugs for DCM via the inhibition of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Pathology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beibei Zong
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongmin Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuance Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shulian Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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AIM2 accelerates the atherosclerotic plaque progressions in ApoE−/− mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:487-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pan J, Lu L, Wang X, Liu D, Tian J, Liu H, Zhang M, Xu F, An F. AIM2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:401-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kasuda S, Kudo R, Yuui K, Sakurai Y, Hatake K. Acute ethanol intoxication suppresses pentraxin 3 expression in a mouse sepsis model involving cecal ligation and puncture. Alcohol 2017; 64:1-9. [PMID: 28965650 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute ethanol intoxication impairs immunological reactions and increases the risk of sepsis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Pentraxin (PTX) 3 is a humoral pattern recognition receptor whose levels rapidly increase in response to inflammation. PTX3 production is triggered by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). As PTX3 exerts protective effects against sepsis as well as acute lung injury, we investigated whether acute ethanol exposure exacerbates sepsis by altering PTX3 expression. Sepsis was induced in C57/BL6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) after ethanol/saline administration. Survival rates were significantly lower in ethanol-treated than in saline-treated mice. Increased vascular permeability and attenuation of PTX3 expression were observed in the lungs of ethanol-treated mice 4 h after CLP. Concomitant with a delayed increase of plasma TNF-α in ethanol-treated mice, plasma PTX3 was also suppressed in the early phase of sepsis. Although TNF-α level in ethanol-treated mice exceeded that in saline-treated mice 16 h after CLP, PTX3 levels were still suppressed in the former group. JNK phosphorylation in lung tissue was suppressed in both groups 4 and 16 h after CLP. Furthermore, JNK phosphorylation in ethanol-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells was suppressed even in the presence of exogenous TNF-α, resulting in inhibition of PTX3 mRNA and protein expression. Our results suggest that ethanol suppresses de novo PTX3 synthesis via two mechanisms - i.e., suppression of TNF-α production and inhibition of JNK phosphorylation. PTX3 suppression may therefore contribute to exacerbation of sepsis in acute ethanol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kasuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Risa Kudo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Yuui
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsubara Tokushukai Hospital, 7-13-26 Amamihigashi, Matsubara, Osaka 580-0032, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Hatake
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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Wang XM, Wang YC, Liu XJ, Wang Q, Zhang CM, Zhang LP, Liu H, Zhang XY, Mao Y, Ge ZM. BRD7 mediates hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1094-1105. [PMID: 27957794 PMCID: PMC5431142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a tumour suppressor that is known to regulate many pathological processes including cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis plays a key role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial apoptosis is still unclear. We intended to determine the role of BRD7 in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In vivo, we established a type 1 diabetic rat model by injecting a high-dose streptozotocin (STZ), and lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit BRD7 expression. Rats with DCM exhibited severe myocardial remodelling, fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. The expression of BRD7 was up-regulated in the heart of diabetic rats, and inhibition of BRD7 had beneficial effects against diabetes-induced heart damage. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was used to investigate the mechanism of BRD7 in HG-induced apoptosis. Treating H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with HG elevated the level of BRD7 via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and increased ER stress-induced apoptosis by detecting spliced/active X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, down-regulation of BRD7 attenuated HG-induced expression of CHOP via inhibiting nuclear translocation of XBP-1s without affecting the total expression of XBP-1s. In conclusion, inhibition of BRD7 appeared to protect against hyperglycaemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Cui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR-2) is expressed in various cell types, such as phagocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FPR-2 has been reported to play a significant role in inflammation and angiogenic response, and synthetic WKYMVm peptide has been identified as a novel peptide agonist for the FPR-2. In this study, we demonstrate that WKYMVm peptides stimulate the angiogenic potential of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs). Upon WKYMVm peptide exposure, migration and proliferation of OECs were stimulated. WKYMVm effectively stimulated angiogenesis in tube formation assay and aortic ring assay. Furthermore, we fabricated injectable poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres encapsulating WKYMVm peptides, which showed sustained release of cargo molecule. When WKYMVm peptide encapsulated microspheres were injected into the hind limb ischemia model, a single injection of microspheres was as effective as multiple injections of WKYMVm peptide in restoring blood flow from ischemic injury and promoting capillary growth. These results demonstrate that sustained release of WKYMVm peptide from microspheres in the application to ischemic hind limb extended angiogenic stimulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Formyl peptide receptor (FPR) has been reported to play an important role in inflammation and angiogenic response. A synthetic WKYMVm peptide has been identified as a novel peptide activating the FPR-2 that is expressed in a various cell types, such as phagocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. In this manuscript we explored a unique property of high-affinity ligand for formyl peptide receptors-2 (FPR-2) (i.e., WKYMVm). WKYMVm-induced activation of FPR2 has been reported to be crucial in host defense and inflammation by activation of phagocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. In this study, highlight the efficacy of WKYMVm peptide's role in inducing neovascularization in vivo hind limb ischemia model when the peptide was released from injected PLGA microspheres in sustained manner. Our results demonstrate that sustained release of WKYMVm peptide from microspheres have extended angiogenic stimulation capacity.
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Ebert R, Benisch P, Krug M, Zeck S, Meißner-Weigl J, Steinert A, Rauner M, Hofbauer L, Jakob F. Acute phase serum amyloid A induces proinflammatory cytokines and mineralization via toll-like receptor 4 in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:231-9. [PMID: 26135899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins, which are ligands for toll-like receptors, was analyzed in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their osteogenic offspring with a focus on senescence, differentiation and mineralization. In vitro aged hMSC developed a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), resulting in enhanced SAA1/2, TLR2/4 and proinflammatory cytokine (IL6, IL8, IL1β, CXCL1, CXCL2) expression before entering replicative senescence. Recombinant human SAA1 (rhSAA1) induced SASP-related genes and proteins in MSC, which could be abolished by cotreatment with the TLR4-inhibitor CLI-095. The same pattern of SASP-resembling genes was stimulated upon induction of osteogenic differentiation, which is accompanied by autocrine SAA1/2 expression. In this context additional rhSAA1 enhanced the SASP-like phenotype, accelerated the proinflammatory phase of osteogenic differentiation and enhanced mineralization. Autocrine/paracrine and rhSAA1 via TLR4 stimulate a proinflammatory phenotype that is both part of the early phase of osteogenic differentiation and the development of senescence. This signaling cascade is tightly involved in bone formation and mineralization, but may also propagate pathological extraosseous calcification conditions such as calcifying inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Peggy Benisch
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Zeck
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Meißner-Weigl
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andre Steinert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Bone Metabolism, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Bone Metabolism, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Baetta R, Lento S, Ghilardi S, Barbati E, Corsini A, Tremoli E, Banfi C. Atorvastatin reduces long pentraxin 3 expression in vascular cells by inhibiting protein geranylgeranylation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 67-69:38-47. [PMID: 25849951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long pentraxin PTX3 is an acute-phase multi-functional protein that might play both positive and detrimental effects under different pathophysiological conditions. We previously showed that statins down-regulate the release of PTX3 in human endothelial cells (ECs). The present study investigated the mechanism mediating this effect, its occurrence in other cells involved in atherogenesis, and whether it takes place in experimental atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that atorvastatin (1-5 μmol/L) decreased the production and release of PTX3 in human ECs through a post-transcriptional effect. Co-incubation with mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate prevented this effect. Direct blockade of geranylgeranyl transferase I by GGTI-286, treatment with the Rac inhibitor NSC23766 or silencing of the geranylgeranylated GTPase Rac2 by siRNA closely mimicked the action of atorvastatin. In contrast, inactivation of other geranylgeranylated proteins such as RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC or Rac1 did not affect PTX3 release. In addition, we found that atorvastatin also decreased PTX3 secretion in aortic SMCs through a mechanism likely dependent on protein geranylgeranylation, while no effect was observed in monocytes. Finally, we found that atherosclerotic lesions from cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) showed less immunoreactive PTX3 than lesions from control animals. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that statins may interfere with PTX3 expression in vascular cells via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation. Since PTX3 is increasingly regarded as an important mediator of the inflammatory response underlying atherosclerosis and its complications, these results highlight the need for further studies of the role of PTX3 and its potential pharmacological modulation in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Baetta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lento
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Barbati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; MultiMedica IRCCS, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Petri MH, Laguna-Fernández A, Gonzalez-Diez M, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Bäck M. The role of the FPR2/ALX receptor in atherosclerosis development and plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:65-74. [PMID: 25341894 PMCID: PMC4277257 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) subtype FPR2/ALX transduces pro-inflammatory responses and participates in the resolution of inflammation depending on activation. The aim of the present study was to unravel the role of FPR2/ALX signalling in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of FPR2/ALX was analysed in 127 human carotid atherosclerotic lesions and revealed that this receptor was expressed on macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Furthermore, FPR2/ALX mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesions compared with healthy vessels. In multiple regression, age, creatinine, and clinical signs of increased cerebral ischaemia were independent predictors of FPR2/ALX expression. To provide mechanistic insights into these observations, we generated Ldlr(-/-)xFpr2(-/-) mice, which exhibited delayed atherosclerosis development and less macrophage infiltration compared with Ldlr(-/-)xFpr2(+/+) mice. These findings were reproduced by transplantation of Fpr2(-/-) bone marrow into Ldlr(-/-) mice and further extended by in vitro experiments, demonstrating a lower inflammatory state in Fpr2(-/-) macrophages. FPR2/ALX expression correlated with chemo- and cytokines in human atherosclerotic lesions and leucocytes. Finally, atherosclerotic lesions in Ldlr(-/-)xFpr2(-/-) mice exhibited decreased collagen content, and Fpr2(-/-) SMCs exhibited a profile of increased collagenase and decreased collagen production pathways. CONCLUSION FPR2/ALX is proatherogenic due to effects on bone marrow-derived cells, but promoted a more stable plaque phenotype through effects on SMCs. Taken together, these results suggest a dual role of FPR2/ALX signalling in atherosclerosis by way of promoting disease progression and but increasing plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Petri
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8: 03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Andrés Laguna-Fernández
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8: 03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Diez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8: 03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8: 03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8: 03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ren P, Sun D, Xin D, Ma W, Chen P, Gao H, Zhang S, Gong M. Serum amyloid A promotes osteosarcoma invasion via upregulating αvβ3 integrin. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3106-12. [PMID: 25323768 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is regarded as an important acute phase protein involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, at present there is no evidence of its involvement in osteosarcoma. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SAA on the invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The effects of SAA on the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were detected using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The expression of αvβ3 integrin was detected at the protein and mRNA levels in U2OS cells. Agonists, inhibitors or siRNA of formyl peptide receptor like‑1 (FPRL‑1), mitogen‑activated protein kinases and αvβ3 integrin were used to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of SAA on the regulation of U2OS cell migration and invasion. The present study revealed that SAA promoted osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. SAA upregulated the expression of αvβ3 integrin in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. When inhibiting αvβ3 integrin with its antagonist, the migration and invasion abilities of the U2OS cells were markedly inhibited. SAA‑induced αvβ3 integrin production was significantly downregulated by inhibiting FPRL‑1 with siRNA and inhibitors. The present study also found that extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, but not c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase or p38, was important in this process. These findings demonstrated that SAA regulated osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion via the FPRL‑1/ERK/αvβ3 integrin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Sun
- Department of Osteology, Zhangqiu City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Xin
- Department of Osteology, Mount Yantai Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shouqiang Zhang
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Gong
- Department of Osteology, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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NLRP3 gene silencing ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in a type 2 diabetes rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104771. [PMID: 25136835 PMCID: PMC4138036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is associated with metabolic disorder and cell death, which are important triggers in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to explore whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to DCM and the mechanism involved. METHODS Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. The characteristics of type 2 DCM were evaluated by metabolic tests, echocardiography and histopathology. Gene silencing therapy was used to investigate the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of DCM. High glucose treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to determine the mechanism by which NLRP3 modulated the DCM. The cell death in vitro was detected by TUNEL and EthD-III staining. TXNIP-siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors of ROS and NF-kB were used to explore the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed severe metabolic disorder, cardiac inflammation, cell death, disorganized ultrastructure, fibrosis and excessive activation of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), pro-caspase-1, activated caspase-1 and mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Evidence for pyroptosis was found in vivo, and the caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis was found in vitro. Silencing of NLRP3 in vivo did not attenuate systemic metabolic disturbances. However, NLRP3 gene silencing therapy ameliorated cardiac inflammation, pyroptosis, fibrosis and cardiac function. Silencing of NLRP3 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes suppressed pyroptosis under high glucose. ROS inhibition markedly decreased nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) phosphorylation, thioredoxin interacting/inhibiting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3 inflammasome, and mature IL-1β in high glucose treated H9c2 cells. Inhibition of NF-kB reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. TXNIP-siRNA decreased the activation of caspase-1 and IL-1β. CONCLUSION NLRP3 inflammasome contributed to the development of DCM. NF-κB and TXNIP mediated the ROS-induced caspase-1 and IL-1β activation, which are the effectors of NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 gene silencing may exert a protective effect on DCM.
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Ivanov SM, Lagunin AA, Pogodin PV, Filimonov DA, Poroikov VV. Identification of Drug-Induced Myocardial Infarction-Related Protein Targets through the Prediction of Drug–Target Interactions and Analysis of Biological Processes. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1263-81. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Ivanov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Lagunin
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Pogodin
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Filimonov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Orekhovich Institute
of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10, Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Medico-biological
Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1,
Ostrovitianova str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Distinct signaling cascades elicited by different formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7193-230. [PMID: 23549262 PMCID: PMC3645683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a remarkably versatile transmembrane protein belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. FPR2 is activated by an array of ligands, which include structurally unrelated lipids and peptide/proteins agonists, resulting in different intracellular responses in a ligand-specific fashion. In addition to the anti-inflammatory lipid, lipoxin A4, several other endogenous agonists also bind FPR2, including serum amyloid A, glucocorticoid-induced annexin 1, urokinase and its receptor, suggesting that the activation of FPR2 may result in potent pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. Other endogenous ligands, also present in biological samples, include resolvins, amyloidogenic proteins, such as beta amyloid (Aβ)-42 and prion protein (Prp)106–126, the neuroprotective peptide, humanin, antibacterial peptides, annexin 1-derived peptides, chemokine variants, the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-27, and mitochondrial peptides. Upon activation, intracellular domains of FPR2 mediate signaling to G-proteins, which trigger several agonist-dependent signal transduction pathways, including activation of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, p38MAPK, as well as the phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosine kinases, tyrosine kinase receptor transactivation, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of regulatory transcriptional factors, release of calcium and production of oxidants. FPR2 is an attractive therapeutic target, because of its involvement in a range of normal physiological processes and pathological diseases. Here, we review and discuss the most significant findings on the intracellular pathways and on the cross-communication between FPR2 and tyrosine kinase receptors triggered by different FPR2 agonists.
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Elevated plasma pentraxin 3: A potential cardiovascular risk factor? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:1068-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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