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Rodzik A, Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. The Study of Zinc Ions Binding to α S1-, β- and κ-Casein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8096. [PMID: 33142990 PMCID: PMC7662941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented studies focused on the specificity binding of particular casein fractions: αS1-, β- and κ-casein (αS1CN, βCN, κCN), with zinc ions. The binding mechanism was determined by kinetic modeling using results of batch sorption. For this goal, models of zero-order kinetics, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion were used. The formation of Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes was additionally monitored using spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, characterizing active functional groups involved in the binding process. Additionally, a mass spectrometry technique-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-was used to characterize respective protein fractions and obtained complexes. Spectroscopic and spectrometric studies were carried out both before and after binding the protein with zinc ions. The obtained results showed the difference in Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes created at separate kinetic stages. On the basis of instrumental studies, a significant influence of acidic (glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp)) and aromatic (tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr)) amino acids on the formation of metal complexes was proven. In turn, spectrometric studies allowed determining the molecular masses of casein isoforms before and after binding to zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rodzik
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (V.R.-P.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (V.R.-P.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (V.R.-P.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (V.R.-P.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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2
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Abdellatif AA, El Hamd MA, Salman KH, Abd-El-Rahim AM, El-Maghrabey M, Tawfeek HM. Integrative physicochemical and HPLC assessment studies for the inclusion of lornoxicam in buffalo's milk fat globules as a potential carrier delivery system for lipophilic drugs. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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3
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Assaf JC, Khoury AE, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A. A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
GG
biofilm. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Assaf
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE) Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Ecole Doctorale ‘Sciences et Santé’ Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences Médicales et Infirmières Riad El Solh, Beyrouth Liban
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE) Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR)Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation agro‐Alimentaire (UR‐TVA) Faculté des Sciences Université Saint‐Joseph de Beyrouth Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos Matn Lebanon
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Life and Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadat Campus Beirut Lebanon
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4
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Chung HJ, Park HJ, Baek SY, Park JK, Lee WY, Kim KW, Jo YM, Hochi S, Kim YM, Choi TJ, Cho ES, Cho KH. Production of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (htPA) using in vitro cultured transgenic pig mammary gland cells. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:317-322. [PMID: 30522372 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1521824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. We have previously produced a human tPA (htPA)-overexpressing transgenic pig using a mammary gland-specific promoter. In this study, we have established a transgenic pig mammary gland cell line that produces recombinant htPA. The mammary gland cells grew well and retained their character over long periods of culture. There was no difference in the extent of apoptosis in transgenic cells compared to wild-type mammary gland cells. In addition, the transgenic mammary gland cells expressed and secreted htPA into the conditioned media at a concentration similar to that in milk. This transgenic cell line represents a simple and ethical method for recombinant htPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jae Chung
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jo
- Medi Kinetics Central Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Ueda , Nagano , Japan
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jeong Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suek Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
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5
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Saavedra SL, Martínez Ceron MC, Giudicessi SL, Forno G, Bosco MB, Marani MM, Erra-Balsells R, Albericio F, Cascone O, Camperi SA. Single step recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) purification from milk by peptide affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad L. Saavedra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
| | - María C. Martínez Ceron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
| | - Silvana L. Giudicessi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
| | - Guillermina Forno
- R&D Zelltek S.A., UNL, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo, CC 242; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - María Belén Bosco
- R&D Zelltek S.A., UNL, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo, CC 242; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Mariela M. Marani
- IPEEC-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Bvd. Brown 2915, 9120; Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3 P., Ciudad Universitaria; Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3 P. Ciudad Universitaria; Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Osvaldo Cascone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
| | - Silvia A. Camperi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956; Buenos Aires 1113 Argentina
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6
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Yen CH, Lin YS, Tu CF. A Novel Method for Separation of Caseins from Milk by Phosphates Precipitation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:18-32. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.877030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Cholaminchloride hydrochloride-cationized gelatin/calcium-phosphate nanoparticles as gene carriers for transgenic chicken production. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Efficient recovery of recombinant human erythropoietin from milk of transgenic pigs by two-step pretreatment. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-007-0158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Pampel L, Boushaba R, Udell M, Turner M, Titchener-Hooker N. The influence of major components on the direct chromatographic recovery of a protein from transgenic milk. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1142:137-47. [PMID: 17222855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a systematic evaluation of the influence of lipids and casein on the performance of a chromatographic capture step for the recovery of a target protein from transgenic milk. Lactoperoxidase (LPO) was spiked at concentrations typical of those to be expected for transgenic proteins in commercial bovine milk and the dynamic adsorption of LPO to fixed beds of SP Sepharose FF studied in frontal analysis experiments. By removing successively selected components from whole milk, their individual influence on the dynamic adsorption behaviour of LPO could be studied. A mathematical model, fitted to the breakthrough curves of LPO, provided a quantitative measure of parameters describing mass transfer and adsorption in the column. A significant reduction in column capacity for LPO in the presence of milk or whey was recorded, which could be attributed to competing adsorption of alkaline earth metal ions to the cation exchange resin. While the high concentrations of lipids present in whole milk did strongly reduce the column permeability, no significant influence of either casein or low concentrations of lipids on the hydraulic properties of columns or on the adsorption of LPO could be detected. The results indicate that chromatography, which forms an essential part of all current large-scale processes for the recovery of proteins from transgenic milk, could potentially be moved further upstream. Alternatively, existing operations for the removal of lipid and casein could be re-designed so as to maximise product yields. This suggests that significant product losses during current pre-chromatography milk purification could be reduced or potentially even avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Pampel
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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10
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Kwon DN, Song H, Park JY, Lee SY, Cho SK, Kang SJ, Jang JS, Seo HG, Kim JH. Dynamic Control of Oligosaccharide Modification in the Mammary Gland: Linking Recombinant Human Erythropoietin. Transgenic Res 2006; 15:37-55. [PMID: 16475009 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-3519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed two transgenic mouse lines that secrete rhEPO in their milk to assess the dynamic control of N-linked oligosaccharides. Since pharmaceutically available epoetin alpha and beta are produced in CHO cells, we compared transgenic mammary gland-derived rhEPO to its CHO cell-derived counterpart. The major glycosyltransferases that determine the N-oligosaccharides patterns of rhEPO include N-acetylglycosaminyltransferase (GnT) and alpha1,3/4 fucosyltransferase (Fuc-TIV), GnT-III, -V and Fuc-TIV expression in the mouse mammary gland is significantly higher than that in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived cells, where the protein is not detectable. The data suggest that N-linked sugar chain patterns of recombinant glycoproteins, produced by the mammary gland differ, since GnT-III alters the sugar pattern extensively. In our experiments, rhEPO produced by the transgenic mice contains more tetra-acidic oligosaccharide structures than epoetin alpha derived from CHO cells, a rhEPO that is widely used therapeutically. Accordingly, we examined milk-derived rhEPO activity, both in vitro and in vivo. The rhEPO protein purified from the milk of mammary glands upregulates the EPO receptor-mediated expression of the STAT5 gene in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, similar to the effects of epoetin alpha. Furthermore, direct injection of rhEPO into the mouse tail vein leads to an increase in the levels of blood components, such as red blood cells and platelets. In light of these findings, we suggest that the mammary glands of transgenic animals provide a sufficient environment to generate rhEPO with post-translational modifications for biopharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Dairy Science, Division of Applied Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 660-701, Chinju, GyeongNam, Korea
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11
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Kwon DN, Choi YJ, Park JY, Cho SK, Kim MO, Lee HT, Kim JH. Cloning and molecular dissection of the 8.8 kb pig uroplakin II promoter using transgenic mice and RT4 cells. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:462-77. [PMID: 16619260 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Uroplakin II (UPII) gene expression is highly tissue and cell specific, with mRNA present in the suprabasal cell layers of the bladder and urethra. Previous reports described the mouse UPII (mUPII) promoter as primarily urothelium selective. However, ectopic expression of a transgene under the 3.6 kb mUPII promoter was also detected in brain, kidney, and testis in some transgenic mouse lines. Here, we have cloned an 8.8 kb pig UPII (pUPII) promoter region and investigated which cells within the bladder and urethra express a transgene consisting of the pUPII promoter fused to human erythropoietin (hEPO) or a luciferase gene. pUPII-luciferase expression vectors with various deletions of the promoter region were introduced into mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), and human bladder transitional carcinoma (RT4). A 2.1 kb pUPII promoter fragment displayed high levels of luciferase activity in transiently transfected RT4 cells, whereas the 8.8 kb pUPII promoter region displayed only low levels of activity. The pUPII-hEPO expression vector was injected into the pronucleus of zygotes to make transgenic mice. To elucidate the in vivo molecular mechanisms controlling the tissue- and cell-specific expression of the pUPII promoter gene, transgenic mice containing 2.1 and 8.8 kb pUPII promoter fragments linked to the genomic hEPO gene were generated. An erythropoietin (EPO) assay showed that all nine transgenic lines carrying the 8.8 kb construct expressed recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) only in their urethra and bladder, whereas two transgenic lines carrying the 2.1 kb pUPII promoter displayed hEPO expression in several organs including bladder, kidney, spleen, heart, and brain. These studies demonstrate that the 2.1 kb promoter contains the DNA elements necessary for high levels of expression, but lacks critical sequences necessary for tissue-specific expression. We compared binding sites in the 2.1 and 8.8 kb promoter sequences and found five peroxisome proliferator responsive elements (PPREs) in the 8.8 kb promoter. Our data demonstrated that proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activator treatment in RT4 cells induced the elevated expression of hEPO mRNA under the control of the 8.8 kb pUPII promoter, but not the 2.1 kb promoter. Collectively, our data suggested that all the major trans-regulatory elements required for bladder- and urethra-specific transcription are located in the 8.8 kb upstream region and that it may enhance tissue-specific protein production and be of interest to clinicians who are searching for therapeutic modalities with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deug-Nam Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, GyeongNam 660-701, South Korea
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12
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Nikolov ZL, Woodard SL. Downstream processing of recombinant proteins from transgenic feedstock. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2004; 15:479-86. [PMID: 15464381 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for inexpensive production systems capable of producing large quantities of recombinant protein has resulted in the development of new technology platforms based on transgenic plants and animals. Over the past decade, these transgenic systems have been used to produce several products and potential therapeutic proteins. Improvements continue to be made, not only in how the proteins are expressed but also in how the end products are obtained. As improvements in expression are realized, cost-saving measures will increasingly focus on downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivko L Nikolov
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, MS 2117, College Station 77843, USA.
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13
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Dyck MK, Lacroix D, Pothier F, Sirard MA. Making recombinant proteins in animals--different systems, different applications. Trends Biotechnol 2003; 21:394-9. [PMID: 12948672 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(03)00190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animal bioreactors represent a powerful tool to address the growing need for therapeutic recombinant proteins. The ability of transgenic animals to produce complex, biologically active recombinant proteins in an efficient and economic manner has stimulated a great deal of interest in this area. As a result, genetically modified animals of several species, expressing foreign proteins in various tissues, are currently being developed. However, the generation of transgenic animals is a cumbersome process and remains problematic in the application of this technology. The advantages and disadvantages of different transgenic systems in relation to other bioreactor systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Dyck
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Dépt des Sciences Animals, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Cité Universitaire, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
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14
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Ribela MTCP, Gout PW, Bartolini P. Synthesis and chromatographic purification of recombinant human pituitary hormones. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 790:285-316. [PMID: 12767339 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA-derived proteins and, in particular, human pituitary hormones, are increasingly used for research, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This trend has demanded new synthetic approaches and improved purification techniques. The type and sequence of the purification steps have to be selected in accordance with the cloning and protein expression strategy, the host organism and cellular localization of the protein of interest, with a view to producing the desired product at a required purity, biological activity and acceptable cost. This review article describes and analyzes the main synthetic and purification strategies that have been used for the production of recombinant human growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, giving special consideration to the few published downstream processes utilized by the biotechnology industry. Practically all types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms utilized for this purpose are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa C P Ribela
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN, Travessa R 400, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Franciso, Medical Center, San Franciscos, California 94115, USA
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16
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Ko JH, Lee CS, Kim KH, Pang MG, Koo JS, Fang N, Koo DB, Oh KB, Youn WS, Zheng GD, Park JS, Kim SJ, Han YM, Choi IY, Lim J, Shin ST, Jin SW, Lee KK, Yoo OJ. Production of biologically active human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the milk of transgenic goat. Transgenic Res 2000; 9:215-22. [PMID: 11032370 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008972010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic female goat harboring goat beta-casein promoter/human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) fusion gene by microinjection into fertilized one-cell goat zygotes. Human G-CSF was produced at levels of up to 50 microg/ml in transgenic goat milk. Its biological activity was equivalent to recombinant human G-CSF expressed from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell when assayed using in vitro HL-60 cell proliferation. Human G-CSF from transgenic goat milk increased the total number of white blood cells in C57BL/6N mice with leucopenia induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA). The secreted human G-CSF was glycosylated although the degree of O-glycosylation was lower compared to CHO cell-derived human G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon
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17
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Dyck MK, Gagné D, Ouellet M, Sénéchal JF, Bélanger E, Lacroix D, Sirard MA, Pothier F. Seminal vesicle production and secretion of growth hormone into seminal fluid. Nat Biotechnol 1999; 17:1087-90. [PMID: 10545914 DOI: 10.1038/15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Production of foreign proteins in the tissues of transgenic animals represents an efficient and economical method of producing therapeutic and pharmaceutical proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that the mouse P12 gene promoter specific to the male accessory sex gland can be used to generate transgenic mice that express human growth hormone (hGH) in their seminal vesicle epithelium. The hGH is secreted into the ejaculated seminal fluids with the seminal vesicle lumen contents containing concentrations of up to 0.5 mg/ml. As semen is a body fluid that can be collected easily on a continuous basis, the production of transgenic animals expressing pharmaceutical proteins into their seminal fluid could prove to be a viable alternative to use of the mammary gland as a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Dyck
- Centre de la Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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18
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Kang KA. Pro-/anti-coagulants and oxygen transport in tissue. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 454:667-70. [PMID: 9889948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kang
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) 21250, USA
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Degener A, Belew M, Velander WH. Zn(2+)-selective purification of recombinant proteins from the milk of transgenic animals. J Chromatogr A 1998; 799:125-37. [PMID: 9550105 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The milk of transgenic livestock is becoming a viable, large-scale source of post-translationally complex, recombinant therapeutic proteins. Recombinant vitamin K-dependent proteins such as human protein C (rhPC) and Factor IX can be produced in milk. However, rate limitations in post-translational modification such as intrachain proteolytic cleavage and gamma-carboxylation occur in the mammary gland. Thus, most desirable recombinant products often exist as sub-populations in milk because the mammary gland tends to secrete incompletely processed polypeptides. In general, a nonaffinity purification strategy by which to purify mature recombinant proteins from milk is desirable. Zn2+ is used to selectively modify ion-exchange adsorption behavior of endogenous and recombinant milk proteins through conformational changes which cause aggregation and or precipitation. Zn(2+)-selective precipitation of milk and recombinant proteins results in the purification of active rhPC at high yield from the milk of transgenic pigs using expanded bed chromatography. This method selects for rhPC which is both heterodimeric and properly gamma-carboxylated. Due to the homology of milk proteins among different species, this same Zn(2+)-selective precipitation strategy is useful for developing purification methods for other recombinant proteins from the milk of transgenic livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Degener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
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Kerr DE, Liang F, Bondioli KR, Zhao H, Kreibich G, Wall RJ, Sun TT. The bladder as a bioreactor: urothelium production and secretion of growth hormone into urine. Nat Biotechnol 1998; 16:75-9. [PMID: 9447598 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0198-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Uroplakin genes are expressed in a bladder-specific and differentiation-dependent fashion. Using a 3.6-kb promoter of mouse uroplakin II gene, we have generated transgenic mice that express human growth hormone (hGH) in their bladder epithelium, resulting in its secretion into the urine at 100-500 ng/ml. The levels of urine hGH concentration remain constant for longer than 8 months. hGH is present as aggregates mostly in the uroplakin-delivering cytoplasmic vesicles that are targeted to fuse with the apical surface. Using the bladder as a bioreactor offers unique advantages, including the utility of all animals throughout their lives. Using urine, which contains little protein and lipid, as a starting material facilitates recombinant protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Kerr
- Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Evangelista Dyr J, Suttnar J. Separation used for purification of recombinant proteins. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 699:383-401. [PMID: 9392384 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purification of molecules from recombinant cells may be strongly influenced by the molecular biology of gene isolation and expression. At the beginning of the process there may be a demand for information on the minute amounts of proteins and thus for ever increasingly sensitive techniques. Purification of recombinant proteins can differ from conventional purifications in several ways, depending on the solubility of the protein, occurrence in inclusion bodies, creation of fusion proteins with tags that enable simpler purification. Sometimes a (re)naturation step is required to get a bioactive protein. On the other hand, the techniques used in separation are essentially the same as for purification from the natural source and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Evangelista Dyr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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Karatzas CN, Turner JD. Toward altering milk composition by genetic manipulation: current status and challenges. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:2225-32. [PMID: 9313168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of large-scale genome mapping and sequencing has improved the understanding of animal genetics. A large number of gene sequences are now available to serve as regulatory elements or genes of interest. Although the central thrust of this work is focused on understanding disease states, the manipulation of normal metabolic processes is feasible. To date, the genetic manipulation of livestock has been limited to the permanent addition of genes of clinical interest. This study explores the utility of genetically engineered cattle as a means of altering milk composition to improve the functional properties of milk, increasing marketability. Improvements would include increasing the concentration of valuable components in milk (e.g., casein), removing undesirable components (e.g., lactose), or altering composition to resemble that of human milk as a means of improving human neonatal nutrition. The protracted time lines of genetically modifying dairy cattle has prompted the development of animal models. A model for dwarf goats is discussed in terms of circumventing the lengthy time lines involved in generating transgenic cattle and allowing for an accelerated expansion of research in molecular genetics of dairy animals. Thus, the genetic manipulation of dairy cattle is feasible and could have significant impacts on milk quality, attributes of novel dairy products, and human health.
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Van Cott KE, Williams B, Velander WH, Gwazdauskas F, Lee T, Lubon H, Drohan WN. Affinity purification of biologically active and inactive forms of recombinant human protein C produced in porcine mammary gland. J Mol Recognit 1996; 9:407-14. [PMID: 9174918 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1352(199634/12)9:5/6<407::aid-jmr277>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human protein C (rhPC) secreted in the milk of transgenic pigs was studied. Transgenes having different regulatory elements of the murine milk protein, whey acidic protein, were used with cDNA and genomic human protein C (hPC) DNA sequences to obtain lower and higher expressing animals. The cDNA pigs had a range of expression of about 0.1-0.5 g/l milk. Two different genomic hPC pig lines have expressed 0.3 and 1-2 g/l, respectively. The rhPC was first purified at yields greater than 60 per cent using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the activation site on the heavy chain of hPC. Subsequent immunopurification with a calcium-dependent mAb directed to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of the light chain of hPC was used to fractionate a population having a higher specific anticoagulant activity in vitro. The higher percentages of Ca(2+)-dependent conformers isolated from the total rhPC by immunopurification correlated well with higher specific activity and lower expression. A rate limitation in gamma-carboxylation of rhPC was clearly identified for the higher expressing animals. Thus, transgenic animals with high expression levels of complex recombinant proteins produced a lower percentage of biologically active protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Van Cott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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Abstract
Different systems are being studied and used to prepare recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical use. The blood, and still more the milk, from transgenic animals appear a very attractive source of pharmaceuticals. The cells from these animals are expected to produce well-matured proteins in potentially huge amounts. Several problems remain before this process becomes used in a large scale. Gene transfer remains a difficult and costly task for farm animals. The vectors carrying the genes coding for the proteins of interest are of unpredictable efficiency. Improvement of these vectors includes the choice of efficient promoters, introns and transcription terminators, the addition of matrix attached regions (MAR) and specialized chromatin sequences (SCS) to enhance the expression of the transgenes and to insulate them from the chromatin environment. Mice are routinely used to evaluate the gene constructs to be transferred into larger animals. Mice can also be utilized to prepare amounts as high as a few hundred mg of recombinant proteins from their milk. Rabbit appears adequate for amounts not higher than 1 kg per year. For larger quantities, goat, sheep, pig and cow are required. No recombinant proteins extracted from the blood or milk of transgenic animals are yet on the market. The relatively slow but real progress to improving the efficiency of this process inclines to be reasonably optimistic. Predictive reports suggest that 10% of the recombinant proteins, corresponding to a 100 million dollars annual market, will be prepared from the milk of transgenic animals by the end of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Houdebine
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Houdebine LM. [Expression of recombinant proteins in the milk of transgenic animals]. REVUE FRANCAISE DE TRANSFUSION ET D'HEMOBIOLOGIE : BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE NATIONALE DE TRANSFUSION SANGUINE 1993; 36:49-72. [PMID: 8476491 DOI: 10.1016/s1140-4639(05)80168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The bulky production of recombinant proteins can be achieved by procaryotes or eucaryotes cells. Cells from higher eucaryotes may be required when proteins have to be modified post-transcriptionally (glycosylation phosphorylation, cleavage, folding...). Cells from higher vertebrates in culture are used to prepare proteins like human factor VIII and erythropoietin. The use of transgenic organism has been suggested to reach the same goal. Indeed a whole living organism allows a very potent amplification, the number of cells involved in the biosynthesis of the recombinant proteins being very numerous and in the best metabolic conditions. Biological fluids (blood, milk, insect hemolymph, egg white...) and possibly organs from transgenic animals are a priori the best sources of recombinant proteins. Blood is abundant and it is a by-product of slaughter house. Its composition is relatively complex and the circulating recombinant proteins may heavily alter health of animals. Milk is very abundant, its composition is relatively simple, it is poor in proteolytic enzymes and it can be collected easily. Hemolymph from insects is relatively scarce. Egg white will be a possible source of recombinant proteins, when transgenesis has become more accessible in birds. Organs from transgenic animals should be solicited only when a particular cell type is required for the biosynthesis of the recombinant proteins. Milk appears therefore, presently, as the best source of recombinant proteins from transgenic animals. About 15 public and private laboratories try to use these techniques. They consist in preparing vectors containing regulatory regions of one of the milk proteins genes and the coding part (cDNA or gene) of the corresponding proteins to be produced. The transfer of these gene constructs to mouse, rabbit, sheep, goat, pig, shows that these techniques are indeed very promising. A single protein, human alpha 1-antitrypsin produced in milk of transgenic sheep, has presently reached the preparation at an industrial scale. This method has two theoretical limitations: 1) some of the proteins secreted in milk may be not matured as their native counterparts. Experiments carried out so far (about 20 proteins has been produced at an experimental scale) indicate that the mammary cell is able to achieve glycosylation in a correct way; 2) a significant proportion of the recombinant proteins migrate from the alveolar compartment of the mammary gland to blood circulation and they can alter health of lactating animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Houdebine
- Unité de Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas
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