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Hirata N, Nakagawa M, Fujibayashi Y, Yamauchi K, Murata A, Minami I, Tomioka M, Kondo T, Kuo TF, Endo H, Inoue H, Sato SI, Ando S, Kawazoe Y, Aiba K, Nagata K, Kawase E, Chang YT, Suemori H, Eto K, Nakauchi H, Yamanaka S, Nakatsuji N, Ueda K, Uesugi M. A chemical probe that labels human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2014; 6:1165-1174. [PMID: 24613351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A small-molecule fluorescent probe specific for human pluripotent stem cells would serve as a useful tool for basic cell biology research and stem cell therapy. Screening of fluorescent chemical libraries with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequent evaluation of hit molecules identified a fluorescent compound (Kyoto probe 1 [KP-1]) that selectively labels human pluripotent stem cells. Our analyses indicated that the selectivity results primarily from a distinct expression pattern of ABC transporters in human pluripotent stem cells and from the transporter selectivity of KP-1. Expression of ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP), both of which cause the efflux of KP-1, is repressed in human pluripotent stem cells. Although KP-1, like other pluripotent markers, is not absolutely specific for pluripotent stem cells, the identified chemical probe may be used in conjunction with other reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamauchi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Asako Murata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Maiko Tomioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Endo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aiba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koh Nagata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Tsurutani Y, Fujimoto M, Takemoto M, Irisuna H, Koshizaka M, Onishi S, Ishikawa T, Mezawa M, He P, Honjo S, Maezawa Y, Saito Y, Yokote K. The roles of transforming growth factor-β and Smad3 signaling in adipocyte differentiation and obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:68-73. [PMID: 21356196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at elucidating the roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Smad3 signaling in adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) and in the pathogenesis of obesity. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in white adipose tissue (WAT) was determined in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. The effect of TGF-β on adipogenesis was evaluated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) isolated both from WT controls and Smad3 KO mice by Oil red-O staining and gene expression analysis. Phenotypic analyses of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in Smad3 KO mice compared to WT controls were performed. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was elevated in WAT from ob/ob mice compared to the controls. TGF-β significantly inhibited adipogenesis in MEF, but the inhibitory effects of TGF-β on adipogenesis were partially abolished in MEF from Smad3 KO mice. TGF-β inhibited adipogenesis independent from the Wnt and β-catenin pathway. Smad3 KO mice were protected against HFD-induced insulin resistance. The size of adipocytes from Smad3 KO mice on the HFD was significantly smaller compared to the controls. In conclusion, the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway plays key roles not only in adipogenesis but also in development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tsurutani
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Kroeger PE, van Wijnen AJ, Pauli U, Wright KL, Stein GS, Stein JL. In vivo occupancy of histone gene proximal promoter elements reflects gene copy number-dependent titratable transactivation factors and cross-species compatibility of regulatory sequences. J Cell Biochem 1995; 57:191-207. [PMID: 7759557 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240570204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess systematically the structural and functional aspects of histone gene transcription within a chromosomal context, we stably integrated an extensive set of human histone H4 gene constructs into mouse C127 cells. Levels of expression were determined by S1 nuclease protection assays for multiple mouse monoclonal cell lines containing these human H4 genes. For each cell line, we quantitated the number of integrated human H4 genes by Southern blot analysis. The results indicate that the expression of the human H4 gene is in part copy number dependent at low gene dosages. However, the level of expression varies among different cell lines containing similar numbers of copies of the same H4 gene construct. This result suggests that position-dependent chromosomal integration effects contribute to H4 gene transcription, consistent with the roles of long-range gene organization and nuclear architecture in gene regulation. At high copy number, the level of human H4 gene expression per copy decreased, and endogenous mouse H4 mRNA levels were also reduced. Furthermore, in vivo occupancy at the human H4 gene immediate 5' regulatory elements, as defined by genomic fingerprinting, showed copy number-dependent protein/DNA interactions. Hence, human and mouse H4 genes compete for titratable transcription factors in a cellular environment. Taken together, these results indicate cross-species compatibility and suggest limited representation in vivo of the factors involved in regulating histone H4 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Kroeger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA
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Zahradka P, Elliot T, Hovland K, Larson DE, Saward L. Repression of histone gene transcription in quiescent 3T6 fibroblasts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 217:683-90. [PMID: 8223612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining murine 3T6 fibroblasts in serum-depleted medium for a period of three days results in a resting cell population that does not synthesize DNA. Histone mRNA levels, closely tied to the cell-proliferation rate, are low due to a reduced rate of synthesis. A comparison of histone gene transcription in vitro by nuclear extracts of quiescent or proliferative 3T6 cells showed that a 200-bp segment of the promoter was responsible for repressing gene activity when cells were in a G0 state. In the absence of the distal promoter region (-200 to -400), gene transcription remained high in quiescent cells, indicating the proximal promoter region (+1 to -200) was responsible for basal gene activity. Alterations in protein binding to the distal promoter region correlated with histone H4 gene activity, suggesting that repression of histone gene transcription is linked to the attachment of a specific nuclear protein. During G1, the histone H4 gene was efficiently transcribed in vitro, but an inability to process the histone pre-mRNA limited the cellular content of mature histone mRNA. This distinction between transcriptional (in G0) and post-transcriptional (in G1) mechanisms for modulating histone mRNA levels suggests that gene-regulatory factors are specifically activated in quiescent cells to reduce expression of non-essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zahradka
- St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Bortell R, Owen TA, Shalhoub V, Heinrichs A, Aronow MA, Rochette-Egly C, Lutz Y, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. Constitutive transcription of the osteocalcin gene in osteosarcoma cells is reflected by altered protein-DNA interactions at promoter regulatory elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:2300-4. [PMID: 8460137 PMCID: PMC46074 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.6.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone-specific osteocalcin (OC) gene is transcribed only after completion of proliferation in normal diploid calvarial-derived osteoblasts during extracellular matrix mineralization. In contrast, the OC gene is expressed constitutively in both proliferating and nonproliferating ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells. To address molecular mechanisms associated with these tumor-related modifications in transcriptional control, we examined sequence-specific interactions of transactivation factors at key basal and hormone-responsive elements in the OC gene promoter. In ROS 17/2.8 cells compared to normal diploid osteoblasts, the absence of a stringent requirement for cessation of proliferation to support both induction of OC transcription and steroid hormone-mediated transcriptional modulation is reflected by modifications in transcription factor binding at (i) the two primary basal regulatory elements, the OC box (which contains a CCAAT motif as a central core) and the TATA/glucocorticoid-responsive element domain, and (ii) the vitamin D-responsive element. Particularly striking are two forms of the vitamin D receptor complex that are present in proliferating osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells. Both forms of the complex are sensitive to vitamin D receptor antibody and retinoic X receptor antibody. After the down-regulation of proliferation, only the lower molecular weight complex is found in normal diploid osteoblasts. Both forms of the complex are present in nonproliferating ROS 17/2.8 cells with increased representation of the complex exhibiting reduced electrophoretic mobility that is phosphorylation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bortell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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