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Hattori N, Nakagawa T, Yoneda M, Hayashida H, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto K, Htun MW, Shibata Y, Koji T, Ito T. Compounds in cigarette smoke induce EGR1 expression via the AHR, resulting in apoptosis and COPD. J Biochem 2022; 172:365-376. [PMID: 36200927 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis is regarded as one of the most important factors in its pathogenesis. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis caused by cigarette smoke (CS). In the normal bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B, a CS extract markedly induced apoptosis together with transient early growth response 1 (EGR1) protein expression, which is activated over time via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The CS extract-induced apoptosis decreased cell count of BEAS-2B cells and was significantly reversed by knockdown of either EGR1 or AHR. In vivo, the CS extract caused alveolar wall destruction, mimicking COPD, 1 week after intrathoracic injection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the CS extract-treated mice contained massive numbers of apoptotic epithelial cells. Furthermore, it was found that aminoanthracene induced EGR1 expression and cell apoptosis. By contrast, the AHR antagonist stemregenin 1 (SR1) restored apoptosis upon CS treatment. These results suggest that aryl hydrocarbons, such as aminoanthracene, induce EGR1 expression via the AHR, resulting in cell apoptosis and that this can be prevented by administration of an antagonist of AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hayashida
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Myo Win Htun
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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2
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Verma PK, Singh RK, Kumar S, Shukla A, Kumar S, Gond MK, Bharty MK, Acharya A. Cobalt (III) complex exerts anti-cancer effects on T cell lymphoma through induction of cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. Daru 2022; 30:127-138. [PMID: 35296992 PMCID: PMC9114208 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cobalt-based compounds are emerging as a non-platinum-based anti-cancer effective therapeutic agent. However, there is a limited study regarding the therapeutic efficacy of Cobalt-based drugs against Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHLs) such as T cell lymphoma. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the anti-tumor role of cobalt(III) complex [Co(ptsm)NH3(o-phen)]·CH3OH on Dalton's Lymphoma (DL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of the cobalt complex was estimated by MTT assay. Analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and Annexin V/PI staining was done by Flow cytometry, while AO/EtBr staining by fluorescence microscopy in cobalt complex treated DL cell. Expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein was analyzed by Western blotting. In addition, in vivo study of the cobalt complex was evaluated in well-established DL bearing mice by monitoring physiological parameters and mean survival time. RESULTS Our study showed that cobalt complex triggered apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in DL cells. Furthermore, this also decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular ROS generation in cancer cells. In addition, changed expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein was found with enhanced activity of caspase-3 and 9 in the treated cells. Additionally, administration of cobalt complex showed a significant increase in the survivability of tumor-bearing host, which was accomplished by decreasing physiological parameters. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data revealed anti-tumor potential of cobalt complex against DL cells through cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Henceforth, cobalt-based drugs could be a new generation therapeutic drug to treat hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Verma
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Mannu Kumar Gond
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bharty
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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3
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Gupta R, Jha A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Regulatory mechanism of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in post-mitotic neuronal cell division. Life Sci 2021; 285:120006. [PMID: 34606852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the most common life-threatening disease of the central nervous system and it cause the progressive loss of neuronal cells. The exact mechanism of the disease's progression is not clear and thus line of treatment for NDDs is a baffling issue. During the progression of NDDs, oxidative stress and DNA damage play an important regulatory function, and ultimately induces neurodegeneration. Recently, aberrant cell cycle events have been demonstrated in the progression of different NDDs. However, the pertinent role of signaling mechanism, for instance, post-translational modifications, oxidative stress, DNA damage response pathway, JNK/p38 MAPK, MEK/ERK cascade, actively participated in the aberrant cell cycle reentry induced neuronal cell death. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that aberrant cell cycle re-entry is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of NDDs rather than a secondary phenomenon. In the brain of AD patients with mild cognitive impairment, post miotic cell division can be seen in the early stage of the disease. However, in the brain of PD patients, response to various neurotoxic signals, the cell cycle re-entry has been observed that causes neuronal apoptosis. On contrary, the contributing factors that leads to the induction of cell cycle events in mature neurons in HD and ALS brain pathology is remain unclear. Various pharmacological drugs have been developed to reduce the pathogenesis of NDDs, but they are still not helpful in eliminating the cause of these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Ankita Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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4
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Inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1) mutation in intellectual disability patients impairs neurogenesis but not gliogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3558-3571. [PMID: 32839513 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A homozygous mutation in the inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1) gene was recently identified in nine individuals with severe intellectual disability (ID) and disruptive behavior. These individuals belong to the same family from Northeastern Brazil, which has 28 consanguineous marriages and 59 genotyped family members. IMPA1 is responsible for the generation of free inositol from de novo biosynthesis and recycling from inositol polyphosphates and participates in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. To understand the role of IMPA1 deficiency in ID, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients and neurotypical controls and differentiated these into hippocampal dentate gyrus-like neurons and astrocytes. IMPA1-deficient neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) revealed substantial deficits in proliferation and neurogenic potential. At low passage NPCs (P1 to P3), we observed cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, progressive change to a glial morphology and reduction in neuronal differentiation. These observations were validated by rescuing the phenotype with myo-inositol supplemented media during differentiation of patient-derived iPSCs into neurons and by the reduction of neurogenic potential in control NPCs-expressing shIMPA1. Transcriptome analysis showed that NPCs and neurons derived from ID patients have extensive deregulation of gene expression affecting pathways necessary for neurogenesis and upregulation of gliogenic genes. IMPA1 deficiency did not affect cell cycle progression or survival in iPSCs and glial progenitor cells or astrocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study shows that the IMPA1 mutation specifically affects NPC survival and neuronal differentiation.
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5
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Abbasi M, Yaqoob M, Haque RA, Iqbal MA. Potential of Gold Candidates against Human Colon Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:69-78. [PMID: 32767935 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807130721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel metallodrugs with pharmacological profile plays a significant role in modern medicinal chemistry and drug design. Metal complexes have shown remarkable clinical results in current cancer therapy. Gold complexes have attained attention due to their high antiproliferative potential. Gold-based drugs are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Gold-containing compounds with selective and specific targets are capable to assuage the symptoms of a range of human diseases. Gold (I) species with labile ligands (such as Cl in TEPAuCl) interact with isolated DNA; therefore, this biomolecule has been considered as a target for gold drugs. Gold (I) has a high affinity towards sulfur and selenium. Due to this, gold (I) drugs readily interact with cysteine or selenocysteine residue of the enzyme to form protein-gold(I) thiolate or protein-gold (I) selenolate complexes that lead to inhibition of the enzyme activity. Au(III) compounds due to their square-planner geometriesthe same as found in cisplatin, represent a good source for the development of anti-tumor agents. This article aims to review the most important applications of gold products in the treatment of human colon cancer and to analyze the complex interplay between gold and the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Munazzah Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia
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6
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McKay LK, White JP. The AMPK/p27 Kip1 Pathway as a Novel Target to Promote Autophagy and Resilience in Aged Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061430. [PMID: 34201101 PMCID: PMC8229180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Once believed to solely function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1 is now emerging as a critical mediator of autophagy, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and apoptosis. During periods of metabolic stress, the subcellular location of p27Kip1 largely dictates its function. Cytoplasmic p27Kip1 has been found to be promote cellular resilience through autophagy and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Nuclear p27Kip1, however, inhibits cell cycle progression and makes the cell susceptible to quiescence, apoptosis, and/or senescence. Cellular location of p27Kip1 is regulated, in part, by phosphorylation by various kinases, including Akt and AMPK. Aging promotes nuclear localization of p27Kip1 and a predisposition to senescence or apoptosis. Here, we will review the role of p27Kip1 in healthy and aging cells with a particular emphasis on the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. McKay
- Adams School of Dentistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - James P. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Molani Gol R, Kheirouri S. The Effects of Quercetin on the Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:405-422. [PMID: 33682528 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1897631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review was performed with a focus on the effects of quercetin (QT) on the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to May 2020 using relevant keywords. All articles written in English evaluating the effects of QT on the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 were eligible for the review. Totally, 31 articles were included in this review. Out of them, 23 studies investigated the effects of QT on MCF-7 cells and indicated that QT induces apoptosis in the cells. Of 15 studies that examined the effects of QT on MDA-MB-231 cells, 14 reports showed successful apoptosis. It is concluded that QT might be beneficial in the eliminating of breast cancer cells. However, further clinical trials are warranted to further verify these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Molani Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Peng J, Wang Q, Meng Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Song W, Chen S, Chen AF, Sun K. A loss-of-function mutation p.T256M in NDRG4 is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:375-385. [PMID: 33211401 PMCID: PMC7876499 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) is a rare congenital heart disease (CHD) characterized by a lack of luminal continuity and blood flow from either the right ventricle or the pulmonary artery, together with VSDs. The prevalence of PA/VSD is about 0.2% of live births and approximately 2% of CHDs. PA/VSD is similar to tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in terms of structural and pathological characteristics. The pathogenesis of these two CHDs remains incompletely understood. It was previously reported that N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene (NDRG)4 is required for myocyte proliferation during early cardiac development. In the present study, we enrolled 80 unrelated patients with PA/VSD or TOF and identified a probably damaging variant p.T256M of NDRG4. The p.T256M variant impaired the proliferation ability of human cardiac myocytes (hCM). Furthermore, the p.T256M variant resulted in G1 and G2 arrest of hCM, followed by an increase in p27 and caspase‐9 expression. Our results provide evidence that the p.T256M variant in NDRG4 is a pathogenic variant associated with impaired hCM proliferation and cell‐cycle arrest and likely contributes towards the pathogenesis of PA/VSD and TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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An integrated multi-omics approach identifies epigenetic alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1024-1035. [PMID: 32989324 PMCID: PMC8098004 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is the hallmark of neurodegeneration but the molecular mechanisms underlying late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain unclear. Here we integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic analyses of post-mortem human brains to identify molecular pathways involved in AD. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of transcription- and chromatin-related genes, including the histone acetyltransferases for H3K27ac and H3K9ac. An unbiased proteomic screening singled out H3K27ac and H3K9ac as main enrichments specific to AD. In turn, epigenomic profiling revealed gains of H3K27ac and H3K9ac linked to transcription, chromatin, and disease pathways in AD. Increasing genome-wide H3K27ac and H3K9ac in a fly model of AD exacerbated amyloid-β42-driven neurodegeneration. Together, these findings suggest that AD involves a reconfiguration of the epigenome, where H3K27ac and H3K9ac impact disease pathways by dysregulating transcription- and chromatin-gene feedback loops. The identification of this process highlights potential epigenetic strategies for early-stage disease treatment.
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10
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Tang X, Cui C, Liang Q, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Apoptosis of hemocytes is associated with the infection process of white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:907-915. [PMID: 31604147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) could induce hemocytes apoptosis in shrimps, however the inter-relationship between apoptotic process and the WSSV infection status is still currently underexplored. In the present work, the apoptosis and the viral proliferation in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei were simultaneously investigated post WSSV infection by two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. The apoptotic hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp was significantly increased at 12 h post infection (hpi), whereas underwent a slight decline at 24 hpi subsequently. Since 24 hpi, the apoptotic rate of hemocytes in the WSSV-infected shrimp exhibited a rapid and significant increase, and reached the peak level at 48 hpi with the ratio of 18.1 ± 2.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of WSSV-infected hemocytes and WSSV copies in hemocytes significantly increased at 24 hpi and maintained at a high level afterwards. With the rapid increase of hemocytes apoptosis, hemocyte density in hemolymph decreased dramatically to less than 20% of the mean value of control. Co-localization assay showed that the apoptotic WSSV-infected hemocytes occupied the dominant proportion of total apoptotic hemocytes, which reached the peak at 48 hpi with 12.6 ± 1.5%. The expression profiles of seven pro-apoptotic genes and two apoptosis-inhibiting genes showed significant differential responses at different stages of WSSV infection, reflecting the interplay between the virus and the host immune response. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic response of shrimp hemocytes could be significantly influenced by the WSSV infection process, which might provide an insight into deeper relationships between viral infection and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qianrong Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Lee J, Jang HJ, Chun H, Pham TH, Bak Y, Shin JW, Jin H, Kim YI, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Yoon DY. Calotropis gigantea extract induces apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and reactive oxygen species generation in A549 and NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 31215445 PMCID: PMC6582476 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Calotropis gigantea (CG) is a tall and waxy flower that is used as a traditional remedy for fever, indigestion, rheumatism, leprosy, and leukoderma. However, the precise mechanisms of its anticancer effects have not yet been examined in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this study, we investigated whether CG extract exerted an apoptotic effect in A549 and NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells. Methods The ethanol extract of CG was prepared, and its apoptotic effects on A549 and NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells were assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining, cell cycle analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, JC-1 staining, and ROS detection assay. Results The CG extract induced apoptosis through the stimulation of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways in A549 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells. Cell cycle arrest was induced by the CG extract in both cell lines. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cell death, were also generated in the CG-treated A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Conclusions These data confirmed that CG caused apoptosis through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, cell cycle arrest, and ROS generation in A549 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells. Thus, CG can be suggested as a potential agent for lung cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2561-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Zhang S, Zhou C, Zhang D, Huang Z, Zhang G. The anti-apoptotic effect on cancer-associated fibroblasts of B7-H3 molecule enhancing the cell invasion and metastasis in renal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4119-4127. [PMID: 31213832 PMCID: PMC6538013 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying its development are still ambiguous. B7-H3 has been described as an important tumor antigen in various human tumors. An abnormal high expression of B7-H3 molecules is often observed in tumor cells and tumor stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the above findings, we hypothesized that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) clustered in the renal cell microenvironment can survive for a long time with the anti-apoptotic effect of B7-H3, and then secrete cytokines to enhance the malignant behavior of renal cancer cells. Methods: The expression of B7-H3 protein in CAFs was detected in renal cancer tissues. Then, the CAFs cells were stably transfected with shRNA and their expression was silenced to determine the role of B7-H3 in CAFs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) protein. CAF-NC cells and CAFs-shRNA cells were co-cultured with A498 cells to assess the biological function changes of A498. Results: A group of CAFs were found with B7-H3 expression in renal cancer. B7-H3 can stimulate CAFs to secrete HGF and Cxcl-12, and has strong anti-apoptotic effect on CAFs. We also found that CAFs-NC promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of A498 cells in vitro and promotes the tumor formation of A498 in vivo. Conclusion: B7-H3+ CAFs promote the invasion and metastasis in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Institute of Jiangsu key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University
| | - Chenchao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou216007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Institute of Jiangsu key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Institute of Jiangsu key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Institute of Jiangsu key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University
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13
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Yang Y, Yan W, Liu Z, Wei M. Skp2 inhibitor SKPin C1 decreased viability and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8412. [PMID: 31038581 PMCID: PMC6487740 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma, and exhibits several harmful effects including osteolytic injuries, hypercalcemia, and immune dysfunction. Many patients with MM succumb to the underlying malignancy. An S-phase kinase-related protein 2 (Skp2) inhibitor, designated SKPin C1, has been developed and confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on metastatic melanoma cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of SKPin C1 on MM. Normal B lymphocytes, THP-1 cells, and MM U266 and RPMI 8226 cells were exposed to various dosages of SKPin C1 for 48 h. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT, EdU staining, and cell cycle assays. Western blot assays were performed to assess intracellular protein levels of Skp2, p27, and cleaved caspase-3. The amount of ubiquitin attached to p27 was determined using an immunoprecipitation assay. The viability of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was significantly inhibited by 10 μM SKPin C1 and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with increasing doses of SKPin C1. In contrast, 50 μM SKPin C1 only marginally decreased viability of normal B lymphocytes in 12 h. Skp2 and p27 expression in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was higher and lower, respectively, than that in the normal B lymphocytes. Treatment with SKPin C1 or Skp2 knockdown increased p27 protein levels in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells by preventing p27 from being ubiquitinated, which slowed the cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation, and triggered apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggested SKPin C1 as a potent inhibitor against aberrant proliferation and immortalization of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Abbastabar M, Kheyrollah M, Azizian K, Bagherlou N, Tehrani SS, Maniati M, Karimian A. Multiple functions of p27 in cell cycle, apoptosis, epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation for the control of cell growth: A double-edged sword protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:63-72. [PMID: 30075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by precise mechanisms to prevent malignancies such as cancer, and the cell needs these tight and advanced controls. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (also known as KIP1) is a factor that inhibits the progression of the cell cycle by using specific molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of p27 on the cell cycle is mediated by CDKs inhibition. Other important functions of p27 include cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Post- translational modification of p27 by phosphorylation and ubiquitination respectively regulates interaction between p27 and cyclin/CDK complex and degradation of p27. In this review, we focus on the multiple function of p27 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications and post- translational modification, and briefly discuss the mechanisms and factors that have important roles in p27 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Bagherlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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15
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Sedky NK, El Gammal ZH, Wahba AE, Mosad E, Waly ZY, El‐Fallal AA, Arafa RK, El‐Badri N. The molecular basis of cytotoxicity of α‐spinasterol from
Ganoderma resinaceum
: Induction of apoptosis and overexpression of p53 in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3892-3902. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada K. Sedky
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineZewail City of Science and TechnologyGizaEgypt
| | - Zaynab H. El Gammal
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineZewail City of Science and TechnologyGizaEgypt
| | - Amir E. Wahba
- Department of ChemistryDamietta UniversityDamiettaEgypt
| | - Eman Mosad
- Department of Botany and MicrobiologyDamietta UniversityDamiettaEgypt
| | | | | | - Reem K. Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences ProgramUniversity of Science and TechnologyZewail City of Science and TechnologyGizaEgypt
| | - Nagwa El‐Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineZewail City of Science and TechnologyGizaEgypt
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16
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Manickam V, Dhakshinamoorthy V, Perumal E. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Cell Cycle-Dependent Neuronal Apoptosis in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:352-362. [PMID: 29368134 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) with its unique magnetic and paramagnetic properties are popular in biomedical applications. Some of their neurotoxic mechanisms due to repeated administration are proven. However, we speculate that the neuronal damage might be due to apoptosis resulting from unusual cell cycle entry. Moreover, iron accumulation has been shown to be closely associated with most of the neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, in the current study, mice were orally (po) treated with the Fe2O3-NPs to investigate cell cycle-associated events/components and occurrence of apoptosis. A subsequent increase in oxidant levels was observed with the iron accumulation due to Fe2O3-NPs exposure. The accumulated β-amyloid and reduced level of cdk5 seem to aid in the cell cycle entry and forcing progression towards apoptosis. Expression of Cyclin D1 and pRb (Ser 795) indicate the cell cycle re-entry of neurons. Overexpression of RNA Pol II and PARP cleavage suggests DNA damage due to Fe2O3-NPs exposure. Further, hyperphosphorylation of p38 (Thr 180/Tyr 182) confirms the activation of DNA damage-dependent checkpoint. Expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic markers, TUNEL and TEM indicate the occurrences of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayprakash Manickam
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | - Vasanth Dhakshinamoorthy
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India.
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17
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Tan G, Uson-Lopez RA, Rahman MM, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Myricetin enhances on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in PC12 cells mediated by mitochondrial signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:175-180. [PMID: 29278807 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have many beneficial effects and an effective disease therapeutic auxiliary drug. Previously, myricetin, a polyphenol, had been reported to possess various biological effects on human physiology. However, mechanism of myricetin on apoptosis induced in PC12 cells is still unclear. PC12 cells were treated with myricetin in two concentration levels comprising 0.1 and 1 μM under serum-free condition. As a result, morphological changes were observed using trypan blue assay. DNA fragmentation was determined by DNA ladder assay to evaluate DNA damage levels. Western blotting results showed that cytosolic cytochrome c which was released from mitochondria. Subsequently, tumor suppressor gene p53, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were expressed. The caspase cascade reaction was induced through caspase 3 and 9 expression. From these results, it is suggested that myricetin significantly enhanced the apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in a dose-dependent manner in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxun Tan
- Environmental Adaption Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rachael A Uson-Lopez
- Environmental Adaption Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Environmental Adaption Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0817, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Environmental Adaption Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Group of Environmental Adaption Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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18
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Dimitrova P, Alipieva K, Grozdanova T, Simova S, Bankova V, Georgiev MI, Popova MP. New iridoids from Verbascum nobile and their effect on lectin-induced T cell activation and proliferation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:605-615. [PMID: 29208506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Verbascum species are widely used traditional herb remedies against respiratory, inflammatory conditions and disorders. In the present study methanol extract of the aerial parts of the endemic Verbascum nobile Velen, was investigated and two novel iridoid glycosides 1 and 2, together with nine known constituents: iridoids, phenylethanoids, and saponins characteristic of Verbascum genus were identified. Further, the biological activity of the extract and selected isolated compounds on concanavalin (Con A)-induced T cell proliferation and activation of human Jurkat T cell line and splenic murine CD3 T cells was evaluated. T cell growth was studied by colorimetric-based WST proliferation assay while DNA content, cell cycling, dynamic of cell proliferation, expression of activation markers, intracellular expression of cytokine IFN-γ, and phosphorylation of ERK were analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase-mediated apoptosis resulting in a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was assessed by colorimetric in-cell kit. It was found that the extract, and all tested compounds (1, 2, 3 and 9) inhibited lectin-induced cell growth of Jurkat T cell line. The novel compounds decreased the frequencies of cells in S phase without causing a significant cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, caspases-mediated apoptosis and/or a profound change in the dynamic of splenic murine CD3+ T cell proliferation. Both compounds showed stronger inhibitory effect on Con A-induced ERK phosphorylation than the known bioactive compounds 3 and 9, and suppressed the expression of early activation marker CD69, the intracellular level of IFN-γ, and the generation of CD3+IFN-γ+ effectors. Our data suggest that the novel iridoid glycosides might have a potential to modulate T cell-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetinka Grozdanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milena P Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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19
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Zhang X, Cai L, Zhang G, Shen Y, Huang J. B7-H4 promotes tumor growth and metastatic progression in lung cancer by impacting cell proliferation and survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18861-18871. [PMID: 28061481 PMCID: PMC5386653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of B7-H4 occurs across a broad spectrum of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the key role of B7-H4 during tumorigenesis and metastasis of human lung cancer. Our data showed that the shRNA-mediated disruption of B7-H4 markedly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration, increased cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1. These changes were accompanied by a marked increase in Bax and caspase-3/caspase-8, but a decrease in Bcl-2, cyclinD1 and activation of AKT. In addition, our shRNA-mediated disruption of B7-H4 led to a marked decrease in tumor growth in the immune-compromised mice. Importantly, B7-H4 was expressed in 53.33% of lung carcinomas from our patient cohort (n = 90), but not in any of adjacent non-cancerous tissues, according to our IHC analyses. In particular, B7-H4 expression appeared to be associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008) and TNM stage (P = 0.012). Taken together, our study demonstrates a strong promoting role of B7-H4 in lung tumor growth, progression and metastasis, and supports its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (WuXi No.4 People's Hospital), Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (WuXi No.4 People's Hospital), Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China
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20
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Hosseini MM, Karimi A, Behroozaghdam M, Javidi MA, Ghiasvand S, Bereimipour A, Aryan H, Nassiri F, Jangholi E. Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Effects of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on the Glioblastoma Cell Line. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:94-100. [PMID: 28867321 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary cerebral tumor. The median survival time is 15 months despite maximum treatment because the tumor is resistant to most therapeutic modalities. Several studies have indicated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) as an anthocyanin component. We aimed to illustrate the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of C3G in the U87 cell line (human GBM cell line). METHODS Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium assay after treatment with C3G at different concentrations in the U87 cell line. Cisplatin was used as a positive control for 24 and 48 hours. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using an Annexin V/propidium iodide assay, and the expression of bax, bcl2, and p53 genes was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Treatment of U87 cells with 40 μg/mL of C3G resulted in 32% apoptotic cells after 24 hours. To further confirm that C3G treatment induced apoptosis in U87 cells, RNA expression of bax, bcl2, and p53 genes was investigated after treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression of bax and p53 increased, whereas the expression of bcl2 decreased. CONCLUSIONS C3G had an apoptogenic effect in the GBM cell line. New information regarding the therapeutic effects of C3G in GBM could ultimately lead to the production of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mansoubi Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Karimi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mitra Behroozaghdam
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Science, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Aryan
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Medical Students' Scientific Association, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Nassiri
- Department of Cell Biology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jangholi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center, Amir-almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Kabbage M, Kessens R, Bartholomay LC, Williams B. The Life and Death of a Plant Cell. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:375-404. [PMID: 28125285 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Like all eukaryotic organisms, plants possess an innate program for controlled cellular demise termed programmed cell death (PCD). Despite the functional conservation of PCD across broad evolutionary distances, an understanding of the molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental program in plants remains largely elusive. As in mammalian PCD, the regulation of plant PCD is critical to development, homeostasis, and proper responses to stress. Evidence is emerging that autophagy is key to the regulation of PCD in plants and that it can dictate the outcomes of PCD execution under various scenarios. Here, we provide a broad and comparative overview of PCD processes in plants, with an emphasis on stress-induced PCD. We also discuss the implications of the paradox that is functional conservation of apoptotic hallmarks in plants in the absence of core mammalian apoptosis regulators, what that means, and whether an equivalent form of death occurs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Ryan Kessens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;
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22
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p53 dependent apoptosis and cell cycle delay induced by heteroleptic complexes in human cervical cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:218-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Farzanehfar P, Horne MK, Aumann TD. An investigation of gene expression in single cells derived from Nestin-expressing cells in the adult mouse midbrain in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2017; 648:34-40. [PMID: 28363755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of new dopamine (DA) neurons in the adult midbrain is a controversial issue in development of better treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research suggests Nestin-expressing neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a propensity to differentiate into neurons here, including DA neurons. In the present study we sought confirmation of this by studying gene expression in single Nestin-expressing cells and their progeny/ontogeny within the adult mouse midbrain. Cells were identified by administering a pulse of Tamoxifen to adult Nestin-CreERT2×R26eYFP transgenic mice. Samples of cytoplasm were harvested 4 days to 8 months later from individual eYFP+ cells in acutely prepared midbrain slices and analysed by RT-qPCR for gene expression. Remarkably, most eYFP+ cells co-expressed genes associated with mature (including DA) neurons (i.e. NeuN, Gad1, Gad2, vGlut2, TH and/or D2R) and neurogenesis (i.e. Ki67, Dcx, Ncam, Pax6, Ngn2 and/or Msx1), and this was true at all time-points following Tamoxifen. Indeed, cell proliferation genes (Nestin, Ki67) were exclusively expressed by eYFP+ cells with mature neuronal morphology and gene expression, and only at early time-points after Tamoxifen. Expression of proneuronal genes (Pax6, Msx1, Ngn2) was, however, higher in eYFP+ cells with immature morphology compared with mature morphology. Gene expression bore no relationship to cell location indicating that, in contrast to development, Nestin-expressing cells arise throughout the midbrain parenchyma and do not migrate long distances. On the other hand, gene expression did change with time after Tamoxifen, although not in a way consistent with neurogenesis. Overall, our results suggest that Nestin expression in the adult midbrain occurs in mature neurons, casting doubt on the premise of neurogenesis from Nestin+ NPCs here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farzanehfar
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Malcolm K Horne
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim D Aumann
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Therapeutic effect of spermatogonial stem cell on testicular damage caused by lead in rats. Gene 2016; 592:148-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute kidney injury is a common complication in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis, major surgery, and nephrotoxic drugs are the most common causes of acute kidney injury. There is currently no effective strategy available to prevent or treat acute kidney injury. Therefore, novel treatment regimens are required to decrease acute kidney injury prevalence and to improve clinical outcomes. Remote ischemic preconditioning, triggered by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion applied in distant tissues or organs before the injury of the target organ, attempts to invoke adaptive responses that protect against acute kidney injury. We sought to evaluate the clinical evidence for remote ischemic preconditioning as a potential strategy to protect the kidney and to review the underlying mechanisms in light of recent studies. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed for studies reporting the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on kidney function in surgical patients (search terms: "remote ischemic preconditioning," "kidney function," and "surgery"). We also reviewed bibliographies of relevant articles to identify additional citations. STUDY SELECTION Published studies, consisting of randomized controlled trials, are reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION The authors used consensus to summarize the evidence behind the use of remote ischemic preconditioning. DATA SYNTHESIS In addition, the authors suggest patient populations and clinical scenarios in which remote ischemic preconditioning might be best applied. CONCLUSIONS Several experimental and clinical studies have shown tissue-protective effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in various target organs, including the kidneys. Remote ischemic preconditioning may offer a novel, noninvasive, and inexpensive treatment strategy for decreasing acute kidney injury prevalence in high-risk patients. Although many new studies have further advanced our knowledge in this area, the appropriate intensity of remote ischemic preconditioning, its mechanisms of action, and the role of biomarkers for patient selection and monitoring are still unknown.
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26
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Lameire N, Vanmassenhove J, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. The cell cycle biomarkers: promising research, but do not oversell them. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:353-8. [PMID: 27274818 PMCID: PMC4886923 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent scientific and clinical information on the development and clinical applicability of the cell cycle biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients at risk for and suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI). A number of evaluation studies have demonstrated that compared with existing biomarkers, urinary excretion of the product of both biomarkers, [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP-7], improved diagnostic performance in assessing the risk for AKI, predicting the need for renal replacement therapy, AKI-related complications and short- and long-term prognoses. The reference intervals for these biomarkers, measured by the recently approved NephroCheck test, have been determined in apparently healthy adults and those with stable chronic morbid conditions without AKI. This review recognizes that the combination of these two cell cycle arrest markers for the early detection of AKI is promising but concludes that its clinical impact is still unproved. Clinicians should understand the utility and limitations of this test before deciding whether to make it available at their institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Lameire
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine , University Hospital , 185, De Pintelaan, Gent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Jill Vanmassenhove
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine , University Hospital , 185, De Pintelaan, Gent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine , University Hospital , 185, De Pintelaan, Gent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine , University Hospital , 185, De Pintelaan, Gent 9000 , Belgium
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Shin JM, Jeong YJ, Cho HJ, Magae J, Bae YS, Chang YC. Suppression of c-Myc induces apoptosis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway by 4-O-methyl-ascochlorin in leukemia cells. Apoptosis 2016; 21:657-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Design and synthesis of pyrrolobenzodiazepine-gallic hybrid agents as p53-dependent and -independent apoptogenic signaling in melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:59-74. [PMID: 26756315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new class of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-Gallic hybrid agents (PBD-GA) conjugated through alkyl spacers has been designed and synthesized. The combination of these two core pharmacophores with modification in the C-8 position of the PBD ring with alkyl spacers afforded oxygen-tethered compounds 5a-5d and amide-tethered analogues 11a-11d with improved anticancer activity for two melanoma cell lines, A375 and RPMI7951, differing in their p53 status. The agents 5a-5d were cytotoxic in melanoma compared to agents 11a-11d. In particular, compounds 5b and 5c were found to possess the most potent activity compared with other hybrid agents and were proved with the help of quantitative structure activity relationship studies (QSAR). These PBD conjugates caused S phase arrest for the A375 cell line via increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint kinases 1 (Chk1) activation. Moreover, the PBD-GA induced A375 apoptotic cell death followed through p53 (ATM downstream target) increase, B-cell leukemia-xL (Bcl-xL) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt) decrease, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3/Poly Adp Ribose Polymerase (PARP) cleavage. On the other hand, mutant p53 RPMI7951 cell death occurred by PBD-GA-mediated mitochondria- and caspase-dependent pathways via lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), but not through p53 signaling. Finally, compound 5b was shown to reduce murine melanoma size in a mouse model. These results suggest that the PBD-GA could be used as a useful chemotherapeutic agent in melanoma with activated p53 or mutant p53.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical diagnosis guided by standard criteria based on changes in serum creatinine, urine output, or both. Severity of AKI is determined by the magnitude of increase in serum creatinine or decrease in urine output. Patients manifesting both oliguria and azotemia and those in which these impairments are persistent are more likely to have worse disease and worse outcomes. Short- and long-term outcomes are worse when patients have some stage of AKI by both criteria. New biomarkers for AKI may substantially aid in the risk assessment and evaluation of patients at risk for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 604 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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WANG JIN, YIN HAILIN, PANANDIKAR ASHWINI, GANDHI VARSHA, SEN SUBRATA. Elevated cyclin A associated kinase activity promotes sensitivity of metastatic human cancer cells to DNA antimetabolite drug. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:782-90. [PMID: 26058363 PMCID: PMC4501665 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in successful systemic therapy of metastatic cancer. We analyzed the involvement of cell cycle regulatory proteins in eliciting response to N (phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, in two metastatic variants of human cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 isolated from lung (L-2) and brain (Br-1) in nude mouse, respectively. L-2 and Br-l cells markedly differed in their sensitivity to PALA. While both cell types displayed an initial S phase delay/arrest, Br-l cells proliferated but most L-2 cells underwent apoptosis. There was distinct elevation in cyclin A, and phosphorylated Rb proteins concomitant with decreased expression of bcl-2 protein in the PALA treated L-2 cells undergoing apoptosis. Markedly elevated cyclin A associated and cdk2 kinase activities together with increased E2F1-DNA binding were detected in these L-2 cells. Induced ectopic cyclin A expression sensitized Br-l cells to PALA by activating an apoptotic pathway. Our findings demonstrate that elevated expression of cyclin A and associated kinase can activate an apoptotic pathway in cells exposed to DNA antimetabolites. Abrogation of this pathway can lead to resistance against these drugs in metastatic variants of human carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIN WANG
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - HAILIN YIN
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - ASHWINI PANANDIKAR
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - VARSHA GANDHI
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - SUBRATA SEN
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Human and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kellum JA, Chawla LS. Cell-cycle arrest and acute kidney injury: the light and the dark sides. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:16-22. [PMID: 26044835 PMCID: PMC4703048 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common consequence of systemic illness or injury and it complicates several forms of major surgery. Two major difficulties have hampered progress in AKI research and clinical management. AKI is difficult to detect early and its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. We recently reported results from multi-center studies where two urinary markers of cell-cycle arrest, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) were validated for development of AKI well ahead of clinical manifestations—azotemia and oliguria. Cell-cycle arrest is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI and this ‘dark side’ may also involve progression to chronic kidney disease. However, cell-cycle arrest has a ‘light side’ as well, since this mechanism can protect cells from the disastrous consequences of entering cell division with damaged DNA or insufficient bioenergetic resources during injury or stress. Whether we can use the light side to help prevent AKI remains to be seen, but there is already evidence that cell-cycle arrest biomarkers are indicators of both sides of this complex physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lakhmir S Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Medicine and Division of Nephrology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Li N, Sun M, Wang Y, Lv Y, Hu Z, Cao W, Zheng J, Jiao X. Effect of cell cycle phase on the sensitivity of SAS cells to sonodynamic therapy using low-intensity ultrasound combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3177-83. [PMID: 25955510 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can effectively inhibit various types of tumor in vitro and in vivo. However, the association between the efficacy of SDT and the phase of the cell cycle remains to be elucidated. 5-ALA may generate different quantities of sonosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in different phases of the cell cycle, which may result in differences in sensitivity to 5-ALA-induced SDT. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the cell cycle on the susceptibility of SAS cells to SDT following synchronization to different cell cycle phases. These results indicates that the rates of cell death and apoptosis of the SAS cells in the S and G2/M phases were significantly higher following SDT, compared with those in the G1-phase cells and unsynchronized cells, with a corresponding increase in PpIX in the S and G2/M cells. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 increased, while that of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 decreased markedly in theS and G2/M cells following SDT. Cyclin A was also expressed at higher levels in the S and G2/M cells, compared with the G1-phase cells. SDT also caused a significant upregulation of cyclin A in all phases of the cell cycle, however this was most marked in the S and G2/M cells. It was hypothesized that high expression levels of cyclin A in the S and G2/M cells may promote the induction of caspase-3 and reduce the induction of Bcl-2 by SDT and, therefore, enhance apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that cells in The S and G2/M phases generate more intracellular PpIX, have higher levels of cyclin A and are, therefore, more sensitive to SDT-induced cytotoxicity. These findings indicate the potential novel approach to preventing the onset of cancer by combining cell-cycle regulators with SDT. This sequential combination therapy may be a simple and cost-effective way of enhancing the effects of SDT in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Laboratory of Sono‑ and Photo‑theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Jiao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Fredrich M, Christ E, Derouiche A, Korf HW. Impact of Melatonin on Zeitgeber Time-Dependent Changes in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Adult Murine Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal System. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 102:311-326. [PMID: 26044072 DOI: 10.1159/000433440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cell proliferation and apoptosis are known to adjust neuroendocrine circuits to the photoperiod. The latter is communicated by melatonin, the hormone secreted by the pineal organ. The present study investigated zeitgeber time (ZT)-dependent changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis in the adult murine neuroendocrine system and their regulation by melatonin. METHODS Adult melatonin-proficient (C3H/HeN) and melatonin-deficient (C57Bl/6J) mice, as well as melatonin-proficient (C3H/HeN) mice with targeted deletion of both melatonin receptor types (MT1 and MT2) were adapted to a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark photoperiod and were sacrificed at ZT00, ZT06, ZT12, and ZT18. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and activated caspase-3 served to identify and quantify proliferating and apoptotic cells in the median eminence (ME), hypophyseal pars tuberalis, and pars distalis (PD). RESULTS ZT-dependent changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis were found exclusively in melatonin-proficient mice with functional MTs. Cell proliferation in the ME and PD showed ZT-dependent changes indicated by an increase at ZT12 (ME) and a decrease at ZT06 (PD). Apoptosis showed ZT-dependent changes in all regions analyzed, indicated by an increase at ZT06. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were found in nearly all cell types residing in the regions analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ZT-dependent changes in cell proliferation are counterbalanced by ZT-dependent changes in apoptosis exclusively in melatonin-proficient mice with functional MTs. Melatonin signaling appears to be crucial in both the generation and timing of proliferation and apoptosis that serve the high rate of physiological cell turnover in the adult neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Fredrich
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Chronomedizinisches Institut, Goethe-Universitx00E4;t, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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34
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Involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in T-2 Toxin-Induced Cell Cycle Alteration and Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1379-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Palanisamy AP, Cheng G, Sutter AG, Evans ZP, Polito CC, Jin L, Liu J, Schmidt MG, Chavin KD. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 induces cell cycle arrest and necrotic cell death. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 12:132-42. [PMID: 24320727 DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We generated mouse carboxy- and amino-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged UCP2 constructs to investigate the effect of UCP2 expression on cell proliferation and viability. UCP2-transfected Hepa 1-6 cells did not show reduced cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but showed increased levels of glutathione. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that transfected cells were less proliferative than nontransfected controls, with most cells blocked at the G1 phase. The effect of UCP2 on cell cycle arrest could not be reversed by providing exogenous ATP or oxidant supply, and was not affected by the chemical uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). However, this effect of UCP2 was augmented by treatment with genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which by itself did not affect cell proliferation on control hepatocytes. Western blotting analysis revealed decreased expression levels of CDK6 but not CDK2 and D-type cyclins. Examination of cell viability in UCP2-transfected cells with Trypan Blue and Annexin-V staining revealed that UCP2 transfection led to significantly increased cell death. However, characteristics of apoptosis were absent in UCP2-transfected Hepa 1-6 cells, including lack of oligonucleosomal fragmentation (laddering) of chromosomal DNA, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and cleavage of caspase-3. In conclusion, our results indicate that UCP2 induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and causes nonapoptotic cell death, suggesting that UCP2 may act as a powerful influence on hepatic regeneration and cell death in the steatotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun P Palanisamy
- 1 Department of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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Synthesis, DNA-binding abilities and anticancer activities of triazole-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines hybrid scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6854-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meshram M, Naderi S, McConkey B, Ingalls B, Scharer J, Budman H. Modeling the coupled extracellular and intracellular environments in mammalian cell culture. Metab Eng 2013; 19:57-68. [PMID: 23810769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of metabolism in mammalian cell culture is closely linked to the process of apoptosis-programmed cell death. Apoptosis negatively impacts culture viability, product yield, and quality. An improved understanding of the interaction between apoptosis and metabolism will give rise to better control over the culture process, and thus improvements in product yield. This study presents a mathematical model that describes both the metabolic fluxes involving the extracellular metabolites and the progression of apoptosis in terms of intracellular caspases, and thus highlights the interactions between these two processes. The model is trained and validated against experimental observations of Chinese Hamster Ovary cell culture producing monoclonal antibody. Importantly, the model describes the continued production of monoclonal antibody in post exponential phase by incorporating different rates of antibody production for separate sub-populations within the culture. A parameter estimability test was applied on the combined model to assess the confidence in parameter estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meshram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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Liu XM, Yang FF, Yuan YF, Zhai R, Huo LJ. SUMOylation of mouse p53b by SUMO-1 promotes its pro-apoptotic function in ovarian granulosa cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63680. [PMID: 23696846 PMCID: PMC3656040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is a process of spontaneous degradation of follicles, hindering growth and development in the mammalian ovary. Previous studies showed that follicular atresia was caused by apoptosis of granulosa cells, for which a number of apoptosis-related genes have already been identified. The roles of p53 in apoptosis of mouse granulosa cells and its post-translational modification are still unclear. The main objective of this study was to explore the roles of p53 in mouse granulosa cells. We found that mouse p53b, but not p53a, could be SUMOylated by SUMO-1 at lysine 375, which was essential for the protein stability of p53b in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining showed that wild p53b was located in the nucleus of granulosa cells, while its mutation of SUMOylated site (K375R) was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm, implying that SUMOylation was necessary for the nuclear localization of p53b in granulosa cells. Overexpression of wild-type p53b, but not the mutation of SUMOylation site (K375R), significantly induced the expression of apoptosis-related gene, Bax, and increased the level of apoptosis in granulosa cells. This suggested that SUMO-1 modification of p53b was essential for inducing apoptosis in granulosa cells. Our results provide strong evidences that modification of p53b by SUMO-1 at lysine 375 was necessary for its activity to induce apoptosis in mouse granulosa cells, and it was involved in the regulation of p53b protein stability and nuclear localization. This implies that modification of p53b by SUMO-1 might regulate follicular atresia by inducing the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Link between cancer and Alzheimer disease via oxidative stress induced by nitric oxide-dependent mitochondrial DNA overproliferation and deletion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:962984. [PMID: 23691268 PMCID: PMC3649749 DOI: 10.1155/2013/962984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide- (NO-) dependent oxidative stress results in mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations and DNA damage in cases of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, little is known about these pathways in human cancers, especially during the development as well as the progression of primary brain tumors and metastatic colorectal cancer. One of the key features of tumors is the deficiency in tissue energy that accompanies mitochondrial lesions and formation of the hypoxic smaller sized mitochondria with ultrastructural abnormalities. We speculate that mitochondrial involvement may play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of cancer. Recent studies also demonstrate a potential link between AD and cancer, and anticancer drugs are being explored for the inhibition of AD-like pathology in transgenic mice. Severity of the cancer growth, metastasis, and brain pathology in AD (in animal models that mimic human AD) correlate with the degree of mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities. Recent advances in the cell-cycle reentry of the terminally differentiated neuronal cells indicate that NO-dependent mitochondrial abnormal activities and mitotic cell division are not the only important pathogenic factors in pathogenesis of cancer and AD, but open a new window for the development of novel treatment strategies for these devastating diseases.
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Quirk SM, Cowan RG, Harman RM. Role of the cell cycle in regression of the corpus luteum. Reproduction 2013; 145:161-75. [PMID: 23241346 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The corpus luteum contains differentiated steroidogenic cells that have exited the cell cycle of proliferation. In some tissues, deletion of quiescent, differentiated cells by apoptosis in response to injury or pathology is preceded by reentry into the cell cycle. We tested whether luteal cells reenter the cell cycle during the physiological process of luteolysis. Ovaries were obtained after injection of cows with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F(2)(α) (PGF). In luteal sections, cells co-staining for markers of cell proliferation (MKI67) and apoptosis (cPARP1) increased 24 h after PGF, indicating that cells that reenter the cell cycle undergo apoptosis. The percent of steroidogenic cells (CYP11A1-positive) co-staining for MKI67 increased after PGF, while co-staining of non-steroidogenic cells did not change. Dispersed luteal cells were stained with Nile Red to distinguish lipid-rich steroidogenic cells from nonsteroidogenic cells and co-stained for DNA. Flow cytometry showed that the percent of steroidogenic cells progressing through the cell cycle and undergoing apoptosis increased after PGF. Culturing luteal cells induced reentry of steroidogenic cells into the cell cycle, providing a model to test the influence of the cell cycle on susceptibility to apoptosis. Blocking cells early in the cell cycle using inhibitors reduced cell death in response to treatment with the apoptosis-inducing protein, Fas ligand (FASL). Progesterone treatment reduced progression through the cell cycle and decreased FASL-induced apoptosis. In summary, steroidogenic cells reenter the cell cycle upon induction of luteal regression. While quiescent cells are resistant to apoptosis, entry into the cell cycle promotes susceptibility to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Quirk
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 434 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Song M, Kwon YA, Lee Y, Kim H, Yun JH, Kim S, Kim DK. G1/S cell cycle checkpoint defect in lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:413-7. [PMID: 23251208 PMCID: PMC3521120 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the cell responsiveness of activated lymphocytes to rapamycin, which blocks the G1/S transition, between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls to assess the early phase control defect in cell cycle. METHODS Blood samples of 26 patients with AD and 28 normal controls were collected to separate peripheral lymphocytes. We measured the proportion of each cell cycle phase in activated lymphocytes using flow cytometry and evaluated the responsiveness of these lymphocytes to rapamycin. RESULTS The patients with AD were older than the normal controls (AD 74.03±7.90 yr vs. control 68.28±6.21 yr, p=0.004). The proportion of G1 phase cells in the AD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (70.29±6.32% vs. 76.03±9.05%, p=0.01), and the proportion of S phase cells in the AD group was higher than that in control group (12.45±6.09% vs. 6.03±5.11%, p=0.001). Activated lymphocytes in patients with AD were not arrested in the G1 phase and they progressed to the late phase of the cell cycle despite rapamycin treatment, in contrast to those of normal subjects. CONCLUSION The patients with AD probably have a control defect of early phase cell cycle in peripheral lymphocytes that may be associated with the underlying pathology of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yun
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics Unit, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Pig oocyte vitrification by Cryotop method and the activation of the apoptotic cascade. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 135:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Mattoo AR, FitzGerald DJ. Combination treatments with ABT-263 and an immunotoxin produce synergistic killing of ABT-263-resistant small cell lung cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:978-87. [PMID: 22821746 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic killing was achieved when Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) cell lines were incubated with ABT-263 and an immunotoxin directed to the transferrin receptor. SCLC lines are variably sensitive to the BH-3 only peptide mimetic, ABT-263. To determine their sensitivity to toxin-based reagents, we incubated four representative SCLC lines with a model Pseudomonas exotoxin-based immunotoxin directed to the transferrin receptor. Remarkably in 4-of-4 lines, there was little evidence of immunotoxin-mediated cytotoxicity despite near complete inhibition of protein synthesis. However, when combinations of ABT-263 and immunotoxin were added to the ABT-263-resistant cell lines (H196 and H69AR), there was synergistic killing as evidenced by increased activation of caspase 3/7, annexin V staining, and loss of cell integrity. Synergistic killing was evident at 6 hr and correlated with loss of Mcl-1. This synergy was also noted when the closely related compound ABT-737 was combined with the same immunotoxin. To establish that the synergy seen in tissue culture could be achieved in vivo, H69AR cells were grown as tumors in nude mice and shown to be susceptible to the killing action of an immunotoxin-ABT-737 combination but not to either agent alone. When immunotoxin-ABT combinations were added to ABT-263-sensitive lines (H146 and H1417), killing was additive. Our data support combination approaches for treating ABT-263-resistant SCLC with ABT-263 and a second agent that provides synergistic killing action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid R Mattoo
- Biotherapy Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda, MD 20819, USA
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44
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Liman N, Alan E, Bayram GK, Gürbulak K. Expression of Survivin, Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Endometrium During the Oestrus Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:33-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Meshram M, Naderi S, McConkey B, Budman H, Scharer J, Ingalls B. Population-based modeling of the progression of apoptosis in mammalian cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:1193-204. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tindall MJ, Dyson L, Smallbone K, Maini PK. Modelling acidosis and the cell cycle in multicellular tumour spheroids. J Theor Biol 2011; 298:107-15. [PMID: 22155133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A partial differential equation model is developed to understand the effect that nutrient and acidosis have on the distribution of proliferating and quiescent cells and dead cell material (necrotic and apoptotic) within a multicellular tumour spheroid. The rates of cell quiescence and necrosis depend upon the local nutrient and acid concentrations and quiescent cells are assumed to consume less nutrient and produce less acid than proliferating cells. Analysis of the differences in nutrient consumption and acid production by quiescent and proliferating cells shows low nutrient levels do not necessarily lead to increased acid concentration via anaerobic metabolism. Rather, it is the balance between proliferating and quiescent cells within the tumour which is important; decreased nutrient levels lead to more quiescent cells, which produce less acid than proliferating cells. We examine this effect via a sensitivity analysis which also includes a quantification of the effect that nutrient and acid concentrations have on the rates of cell quiescence and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Tindall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6BX, UK.
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Chatterjee A, Mir SA, Dutta D, Mitra A, Pathak K, Sarkar S. Analysis of p53 and NF-κB signaling in modulating the cardiomyocyte fate during hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2543-54. [PMID: 21792911 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy leading to eventual heart failure is the most common cause of mortality throughout the world. The triggering mechanisms for cardiac hypertrophy are not clear but both apoptosis and cell proliferation have been reported in sections of failing hearts. In this study, we utilized both angiotensin II (AngII) treatment of cardiomyocytes and aortic ligation in rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar strain) for induction of hypertrophy to understand the cellular factors responsible for activation of apoptotic or anti-apoptotic pathway. Hypertrophy markers (ANF, β-MHC), apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad, Fas, p53, caspase-3, PARP), and anti-apoptotic or cell proliferation marker proteins (Bcl2, NF-κB, Ki-67) were induced significantly during hypertrophy, both in vitro as well as in vivo. Co-localization of both active caspase-3 and Ki-67 was observed in hypertrophied myocytes. p53 and NF-κBp65 binding to co-activator p300 was also increased in AngII treated myocytes. Inhibition of p53 resulted in downregulation of apoptosis, NF-κB activation, and NF-κB-p300 binding; however, NF-κB inhibition did not inhibit apoptosis or p53-p300 binding. Blocking of either p53 or NF-κB by specific inhibitors resulted in decrease in cell proliferation and hypertrophy markers, suggesting that p53 initially binds to p300 and then this complex recruits NF-κB. Thus, these results indicate the crucial role of p53 in regulating both apoptotic and cell proliferation during hypertrophy.
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48
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Song B, Davis K, Liu XS, Lee HG, Smith M, Liu X. Inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 reduces beta-amyloid-induced neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:846-51. [PMID: 21931181 PMCID: PMC3227450 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal brain disease, but the pathogenesis of AD is still not understood. Aberrant cell-cycle re-entry of neuronal cells is emerging as a potential pathological mechanism in AD. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an established regulator of many cell cycle-related events. Interestingly, Plk1 is present in susceptible hippocampal and cortical neurons of AD patients but not age-matched controls. However, whether Plk1 is involved in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. In this study, we showed that Plk1 activity is elevated in AD patient brain as indicated by the increased phosphorylation signal of p150Glued, a Plk1-specific substrate. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Plk1 is elevated during the cell-cycle re-entry of neuronal cells in an in vitro cell-culture model. Significantly, inhibition of Plk1 kinase activity or depletion of Plk1 by RNAi reduces β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal cell death. These results validate Plk1 as a possible target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Korbin Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - X. Shawn Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyoung-gon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Choresca CH, Koo OJ, Hong SG, Oh HJ, Gomez DK, Kim JH, Lee BC, Park SC. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin derived fibroblasts cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:e73-7. [PMID: 19788515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have previously been conducted regarding cell cycle synchronization in mammalian somatic cells. However, limited work has been performed on the control of cell cycle stages in the somatic cells of fish. The aim of this study was to determine the cell cycle arresting effects of several dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations for different times on different cell cycle stages of goldfish caudal fin-derived fibroblasts. Results demonstrated that the cycling cells or control group (68.29%) yields significantly higher (p < 0.05) arrest in G0/G1 phase compared with the group treated for 24 h with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5%) of DMSO (64.88%, 65.70%, 64.22% respectively). The cell cycle synchronization in the treatment of cells with 1.0% DMSO at 48 h (81.14%) was significantly higher than that in the groups treated for 24 h (76.82%) and the control group (77.90%). Observations showed that treatment of DMSO resulted in an increase in the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase for 48 h of culture. However, high levels of apoptotic cells can be detected after 48 h of culture treated with 1% concentration of DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Choresca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Alam S, Bowser BS, Conway MJ, Israr M, Tandon A, Meyers C. Adeno-associated virus type 2 infection activates caspase dependent and independent apoptosis in multiple breast cancer lines but not in normal mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:97. [PMID: 21827643 PMCID: PMC3199901 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In normal cells proliferation and apoptosis are tightly regulated, whereas in tumor cells the balance is shifted in favor of increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Anticancer agents mediate tumor cell death via targeting multiple pathways of programmed cell death. We have reported that the non-pathogenic, tumor suppressive Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV2) induces apoptosis in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive cervical cancer cells, but not in normal keratinocytes. In the current study, we examined the potential of AAV2 to inhibit proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 (both weakly invasive), as well as MDA-MB-231 (highly invasive) human breast cancer derived cell lines. As controls, we used normal human mammary epithelial cells (nHMECs) isolated from tissue biopsies of patients undergoing breast reduction surgery. Results AAV2 infected MCF-7 line underwent caspase-independent, and MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines underwent caspase-dependent apoptosis. Death of MDA-MB-468 cells was marked by caspase-9 activation, whereas death of MDA-MB-231 cells was marked by activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9, and resembled a mixture of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Cellular demise was correlated with the ability of AAV2 to productively infect and differentially express AAV2 non-structural proteins: Rep78, Rep68 and Rep40, dependent on the cell line. Cell death in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 lines coincided with increased S phase entry, whereas the MDA-MB-468 cells increasingly entered into G2. AAV2 infection led to decreased cell viability which correlated with increased expression of proliferation markers c-Myc and Ki-67. In contrast, nHMECs that were infected with AAV2 failed to establish productive infection or undergo apoptosis. Conclusion AAV2 regulated enrichment of cell cycle check-point functions in G1/S, S and G2 phases could create a favorable environment for Rep protein expression. Inherent Rep associated endonuclease activity and AAV2 genomic hair-pin ends have the potential to induce a cellular DNA damage response, which could act in tandem with c-Myc regulated/sensitized apoptosis induction. In contrast, failure of AAV2 to productively infect nHMECs could be clinically advantageous. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of AAV2 targeted cell cycle regulation of death inducing signals could be harnessed for developing novel therapeutics for weakly invasive as well as aggressive breast cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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