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Zhang K, Yin Z, Chen F, Cao Z, Guan J, Chen C, Wang Y, Fan G. Omics-based pharmacological evaluation reveals Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid ameliorates arthritis by regulating PKC/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118289. [PMID: 38718892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Successful use of herbal medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) creates opportunities for alternative therapies. Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid (YZOL) is an herbal preparation known for its potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in traditional use. However, the pharmacological mechanism of YZOL for treating RA remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of YZOL in the treatment of RA and to explore its potential mechanisms through omics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type II collagen was used to induce an arthritis rat model. The effects of YZOL on paw swelling, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes were systematically investigated. A pathway-driven transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify key signaling pathways associated with YZOL therapy. The key alterations were validated by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS YZOL significantly attenuated arthritis progression, reduced paw swelling rate, and lowered arthritis score in CIA rats. YZOL also inhibited systemic inflammation and associated oxidative stress during RA. Transcriptomic analysis identified 341 genes with significantly altered expression following YZOL treatment. These genes were enriched in inflammation-related pathways, particularly in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, we discovered that YZOL can alleviate inflammation in the local synovial tissue. The effect of YZOL was confirmed by the suppression of PKC/ERK/NF-κB p65 signaling at systemic and local levels. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence that YZOL treatment ameliorates RA by suppressing the PKC/ERK/NF-κB pathway, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaorui Yin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhiming Cao
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China.
| | - Jianli Guan
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China.
| | - Chengyu Chen
- Jiaheng Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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Tao Y, Deng Y, Wang P. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing methods and quality control of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116954. [PMID: 37499843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dried root tubers of L.aggregata have been widely used in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years to promote qi, relieve pain, warm kidney, and disperse cold. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to assess the research progress of L.aggregata, to comprehensively understand its development status, to point out the shortcomings of the existing researches, and to provide reference for further research on L.aggregata. MATERIALS AND METHODS By searching various databases for literatures on "Lindera aggregata", "Linderae Radix" and "Lindera strychnifolia", as well as relevant textbooks and digital documents, an overall and critical review of the subject was conducted. RESULTS Through phytochemical studies on different parts of L.aggregata, about 260 compounds were isolated, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, volatile oils, and other compounds. A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that L.aggregata has a plethora of pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-arthritis, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic nephropathy, hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering effect and so on. CONCLUSION While the pharmacological effects of L.aggregata have been confirmed, most studies only use simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models to evaluate their pharmacological activities. Therefore, future research should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner. Further pharmacological research is also necessary to fully clarify the action mechanism of L.aggregata. It is also interesting to note that L.aggregata is often used to treat frequent urination in ancient times, but its molecular basis and mechanism of action are still unclear, and systematic studies are lacking. In terms of quality control, the source of L.aggregata is single, mostly wild, and the main medicinal part of L.aggregata is the tuber, while the yield of straight root is large. Therefore, further attention should be paid to the rapid propagation technology of L.aggregata and whether straight root can be included in medicinal use. It is also worth thinking whether sulfur-fumigation is necessary for preserving L.aggregata. As vinegar-processing is a common processing method for L. aggregata, the mechanism of such processing method remains to be investigated. In addition, in-depth research on the pharmacokinetics and long-term toxicity of L.aggregata is necessary to ensure its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Yuling Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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Yan W, Shen M, Sun K, Li S, Miao J, Wang J, Xu J, Wen P, Zhang Q. Norisoboldine, a Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Inhibits Diaphyseal Fracture Healing in Mice by Alleviating Cartilage Formation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2031. [PMID: 37509670 PMCID: PMC10377295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), the major isoquinoline alkaloid constituent of a Chinese traditional medicine Radix Linderae, has been demonstrated to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve arthritis. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of NOR on bone fracture healing and the underlying mechanisms correlated with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiation to chondrocytes. Our results showed that NOR inhibits the tibia fracture healing process by suppressing cartilage formation, which leads to less endochondral ossification, indicated by less osterix and collage I signaling at the fracture site. Moreover, NOR significantly reduced the differentiation of primary BMSCs to chondrocytes in vitro by reducing the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling. These findings imply that NOR negatively regulates the healing of the tibial midshaft fracture, which might delay the union of the fractures and should be noticed when used in other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kainong Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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Lv Y, Zou Y, Zhang X, Liu B, Peng X, Chu C. A review on the chemical constituents and pharmacological efficacies of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1071276. [PMID: 36726818 PMCID: PMC9884700 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (L. aggregata), which belongs to the genus Lindera in the family Lauraceae, is widely distributed in Asia and the temperate, tropical regions of North America. Its roots and leaves have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine and/or functional food. To further explore its underlying nutritional value, this review provided a comprehensive insight into chemical constituents and pharmacological effects on L. aggregata. The phytochemical investigation of different parts of L. aggregata led to the identification of up to 349 components belonging to sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, and other compounds. Among them, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids are assessed as representative active ingredients of L. aggregata. A wide variety of pharmacological effects of L. aggregata, such as anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-oxidant, have been proved in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this review aims to provide a scientific basis and reference for further research and utilization of L. aggregata and lay the foundation for developing functional foods with potential active ingredients for the prevention and management of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Xin Peng,
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,Chu Chu,
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5
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Liu X, Wang Z, Qian H, Tao W, Zhang Y, Hu C, Mao W, Guo Q. Natural medicines of targeted rheumatoid arthritis and its action mechanism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945129. [PMID: 35979373 PMCID: PMC9376257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving joints, with clinical manifestations of joint inflammation, bone damage and cartilage destruction, joint dysfunction and deformity, and extra-articular organ damage. As an important source of new drug molecules, natural medicines have many advantages, such as a wide range of biological effects and small toxic and side effects. They have become a hot spot for the vast number of researchers to study various diseases and develop therapeutic drugs. In recent years, the research of natural medicines in the treatment of RA has made remarkable achievements. These natural medicines mainly include flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides and terpenes. Among them, resveratrol, icariin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginsenoside, sinomenine, paeoniflorin, triptolide and paeoniflorin are star natural medicines for the treatment of RA. Its mechanism of treating RA mainly involves these aspects: anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, pro-apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, inhibition of fibroblast-like synovial cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This review summarizes natural medicines with potential therapeutic effects on RA and briefly discusses their mechanisms of action against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Wenhua Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Guo,
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Wang H, Wu H, Fang K, Chang X. Uridine Diphosphate Promotes Rheumatoid Arthritis Through P2Y6 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658511. [PMID: 33953685 PMCID: PMC8089376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Uridine diphosphate (UDP) is an extracellular nucleotide signaling molecule implicated in diverse biological processes via specific activation of pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G Protein-Coupled, 6 (P2Y6). There is very little knowledge about the function and mechanism of UDP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: This study used a quasi-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to investigate the unique expression of metabolites in RA synovial fluids (SF) (n = 10) with samples from osteoarthritis (OA) as controls (n = 10). RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were collected from synovial tissues (n = 5) and cultured with UDP or MRS2578, a P2Y6 antagonist, and FLSs from OA were used as controls (n = 5). Rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were injected with UDP, MRS2578 or both (n = 9 for each group). P2Y6 expression was examined using real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of RA FLSs were measured using CCK-8 assay, real-time cell analysis, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The UDP levels in the culture medium, synovial fluid (n = 36) and peripheral blood (n = 36) of RA and CIA rats were measured using a Transcreener UDP Assay. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured using a flow assay. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using ELISA and flow. RESULTS: LC-MS analysis detected significantly increased UDP levels in RA SF compared with OA SF, and the level was positively correlated with anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF)levels in RA. The increased UDP concentration was verified in the blood and synovial fluids of RA patients compared with samples from OA patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. UDP stimulated cell proliferation, migration and IL-6 secretion in RA FLSs and inhibited their apoptosis in culture, and MRS2578 inhibited these effects of UDP. UDP injection accelerated CIA and stimulated IL-6 production rather than other proinflammatory cytokines in the rat model, but simultaneous injection of MRS2578 suppressed these effects and alleviated CIA. P2Y6 expression was increased in RA and CIA synovial tissues. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UDP is highly expressed in RA and stimulates RA pathogenesis by promoting P2Y6 activities to increase IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kehua Fang
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Engineering Technology Center for Major Disease Markers, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Engineering Technology Center for Major Disease Markers, Qingdao, China
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Activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis was impaired by dickkopf-1 targeting siRNA. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021:679-686. [PMID: 32068606 PMCID: PMC7190238 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), resident mesenchymal cells of synovial joints, play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) has been proposed to be a master regulator of bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis. Here, potential impairation on the activity of FLSs derived from RA to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting DKK-1 was investigated. METHODS siRNAs targeting DKK-1 were transfected into FLSs of patients with RA. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP3, MMP9, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels in the cell culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Invasion assay and H incorporation assay were utilized to investigate the effects of siRNAs targeting DKK-1 on FLSs invasion and cell proliferation, respectively. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)1, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)1, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and β-catenin in FLSs. RESULTS DKK-1 targeting siRNAs inhibited the expression of DKK-1 in FLSs (P < 0.01). siRNAs induced a significant reduction of the levels of IL-6, IL-8, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 in FLSs compared to the control group (P < 0.05). DKK-1 targeting siRNAs inhibited the proliferation and invasion of FLSs (P < 0.05). Important molecules of pro-inflammatory signaling in FLSs, including IRAK1 and ERK1, were decreased by the inhibition of DKK-1 in FLSs. In contrast, β-catenin, a pivotal downstream molecule of the Wnt signaling pathway was increased. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting DKK-1, we were able to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of FLSs derived from RA, which was mediated by the ERK or the IRAK-1 signaling pathway. These data indicate the application of DKK-1 silencing could be a potential therapeutic approach to RA.
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Integrated analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome and analgesic effect provide insight into potential applications of different parts of Lindera aggregata. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Li XZ, Zhang SN. Herbal compounds for rheumatoid arthritis: Literatures review and cheminformatics prediction. Phytother Res 2019; 34:51-66. [PMID: 31515874 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by autoimmunity, joint inflammation, and cartilage destruction, which affects 0.5-1% of the population. Many compounds from herbal medicines show the potentials to treat RA. On this basis, the compounds with good pharmacokinetic behaviors and drug-likeness properties will be further studied and developed. Therefore, the herbal compounds with anti-RA activities were reviewed in this paper, and the cheminformatics tools were used to predict their drug-likeness properties and pharmacokinetic parameters. A total of 90 herbal compounds were analyzed, which were reported to be effective on RA models through anti-inflammation, chondroprotection, immunoregulation, antiangiogenesis, and antioxidation. Most of the herbal compounds have good drug-likeness properties. Most of the compounds can be an alternative and valuable source for anti-RA drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, PR China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, PR China
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Qin Y, Chen L, Ge Q, Mao J. A sequential separation of linderane and norisoboldine using supercritical fluid and ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Lindera aggregate. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1486425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhou
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchuan Qin
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ge
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Cai P, Jiang T, Li B, Qin X, Lu Z, Le Y, Shen C, Yang Y, Zheng L, Zhao J. Comparison of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) based on microarray profiles of human joint fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 37:31-41. [PMID: 30468518 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on microarray profiles. Three human joint fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) microarray profiles including 26 OA samples, 33 RA samples, and 20 healthy control (HC) samples were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and HC (DEGsOA) and RA and HC (DEGsRA) were identified. Co-expressed and specific genes were analysed between DEGsOA and DEGsRA. Gene ontology, KEGG pathway enrichment, PPI network, and GSEA were performed to predict the function of DEGs. Two hundred seventy-six and 410 differential genes in DEGsOA and DEGsRA were observed. One hundred fifty coexpressed genes and 126 OA-specific genes (SELE, SERPINE1, and NFKBIA were the key genes) between DEGsOA and DEGsRA were enriched in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathway. However, 260 RA-specific genes of which the key genes were CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, CCL5, and CCR4 were enriched in chemokine signalling pathway. Therefore, FLSs might exert an inflammatory effect by regulating TNF signalling pathway, targeting SELE, SERPINE1, and NFKBIA during the process of OA. Although TNF signalling pathway was also involved in the synovitis of RA, chemokine signalling pathway played the key role in RA FLSs mediating cell migration, invasion, and release of chemotaxis. In addition, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, CCL5, and CCR4 might be hub genes in RA. The different biomarkers and pathways identified in OA and RA may provide references for further study. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study revealed the similar and different mechanisms of FLSs and different biomarkers that might with important regulatory effects on RA and OA. In OA, FLSs played an inflammatory role through TNF signalling pathway, targeting SELE, SERPINE1, and NFKBIA. Although TNF signalling pathway was also involved in the synovitis of RA, chemokine signalling pathway was a crucial pathway in mediating FLSs migration, invasion, and release of chemotaxis. CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, CCL5, and CCR4 might be keys genes in RA. We expect that our results will bring more comprehensively understanding between RA and OA for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peian Cai
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiong Qin
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiguan Le
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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13
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Berberine inhibits IL-21/IL-21R mediated inflammatory proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through the attenuation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ameliorates IL-21 mediated osteoclastogenesis. Cytokine 2018; 106:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Ting Z, Hongyan L, Suling W, Luqi H. WITHDRAWN: Anti-arthritic effect of pilose antler peptide on adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017:S0141-8130(17)31417-4. [PMID: 28688946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Hongyan
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Wu Suling
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China.
| | - Huang Luqi
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Resveratrol inhibits BK-induced COX-2 transcription by suppressing acetylation of AP-1 and NF-κB in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 132:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Preparation and drug release properties of norisoboldine-loaded chitosan microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Gao S, Li W, Lin G, Liu G, Deng W, Zhai C, Bian C, He G, Hu Z. Norisoboldine, an alkaloid from Radix linderae, inhibits NFAT activation and attenuates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced dermatitis in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:327-33. [PMID: 27315014 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1202961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors, essential for T-cell activation. Norisoboldine (NOR), an isoquinoline alkaloid from Radix linderae, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE This study examines NOR's effect on NFAT activation and its therapeutic potential for atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The transcriptional activity of NFAT was examined with luciferase reporter assay, using K562-luc cells, stimulated with 20 ng/mL PMA plus 1 μM ionomycin. NFAT dephosphorylation was examined by immuno-blotting in K562-luc cells and Jurkat cells. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression in Jurkat cells was examined by real-time PCR. A mouse model of dermatitis, induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), was used to test NOR's therapeutic potential for AD. RESULTS NOR, dose-dependently, inhibited PMA and ionomycin-induced NFAT reporter gene expression in K562-luc cells in the range of 2-50 μM. NOR also inhibited PMA and ionomycin-induced NFAT dephosphorylation in K562-luc cells and Jurkat cells. Consequently, NOR suppressed PMA plus ionomycin-induced IL-2 expression in Jurkat cells. The administration of NOR (10 mg/kg, i.p.), alleviated DNCB-induced dermatitis in mice, by the reduction of ear swelling and attenuation of inflammatory infiltration into ear tissue. Moreover, mRNA levels of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 in ears of NOR-treated mice were reduced by 78.4, 77.8, 72.3 and 73.9%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that NOR inhibits NFAT activation in T-cells and alleviates AD-like inflammatory reaction in a DNCB-induced dermatitis model, highlighting NOR as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- a Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wencai Li
- a Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guochao Lin
- a Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | | | - Wenjuan Deng
- b Infinitus (China) Company Ltd , Guangzhou , China
| | | | | | - Gaiying He
- c Shanghai LB Nature Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- a Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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18
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Ganesan R, Doss HM, Rasool M. Majoon ushba, a polyherbal compound, suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators and RANKL expression via modulating NFкB and MAPKs signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Immunol Res 2016; 64:1071-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Koo JB, Han JS. Cigarette smoke extract-induced interleukin-6 expression is regulated by phospholipase D1 in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:77-89. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bon Koo
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
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20
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Lü S, Wang Q, Li G, Sun S, Guo Y, Kuang H. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using Chinese medicinal plants: From pharmacology to potential molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:177-206. [PMID: 26471289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) achieved some results to some extent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Especially in China, TCM formulas are used in the clinic because of their advantages. Some of these TCM formulas have been used for thousands of years in ancient China, they pays much attention to strengthening healthy qi, cleaning heat, and wet, activating blood, etc. So TCM in anti-RA drug is considered as a simple and effective method. In addition, TCM are also traditionally used as extracts and many Chinese herbs which are considered to be effective for RA. With the advancement of technologies and research methods, researchers have devoted themselves to exploring new therapeutic materials from troves of TCM. The components of TCM are identified and purified, which include alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and so on. However, little or no review works are found in the research literature on the anti-RA drugs from TCM. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of TCM used traditionally against RA. The information recorded in this review will provide new directions for researchers in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant scientific literatures were collected from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Several important pharmacology data, clinical observations, animal experiments on effects of anti-RA drugs from TCM and their mechanisms were extracted from a library and electric search (Pubmed, PubChem Compound, Science Direct, Spring Link, Elsevier, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang, Bai du, The Plant List, etc.). We collected information published between 2002 and 2015 on Chinese medicine in the treatment of RA. Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS This review mainly introduces the current research on anti-RA TCM formulas, extracts and compounds from TCM, pharmacological data and potential mechanisms (inhibit osteoclast proliferation, suppress fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) growth, decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, blocking signal pathways, etc.). CONCLUSIONS TCM, as a multi-component and multi-target approach, which is a perfect match with the holistic concept of systems biology, is applicable in the treatment of RA. The synergistic connections of Chinese herbs and mechanisms of related active compounds on RA increase the trust for TCM. TCM as alternative remedies for RA not only has an important position in the world market, but also has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of RA in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowa Lü
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guoyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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21
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Yue Y, Liu R, Cheng W, Hu Y, Li J, Pan X, Peng J, Zhang P. GTS-21 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production in vitro by modulating the Akt and NF-κB signaling pathway through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:504-512. [PMID: 26490221 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GTS-21, a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, has recently been established as a promising treatment for inflammation. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of GTS-21 in suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production is only partially explored. The study aimed to analyze cytokine expression suppressed by GTS-21 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro and to gain insights into the role of Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect drug cytotoxicity. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS and treated with GTS-21. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to assess the expression patterns of signal transduction protein. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. In addition, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR) were detected on RAW264.7, and the α7 nAChR-specific antagonist was adopted to verify whether the effect of GTS-21 was mediated by α7 nAChR. RESULTS The CCK-8 assay showed that GTS-21 did not significantly affect cell proliferation. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased after being treated with GTS-21 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. GTS-21 also suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κBp65, IKKα/β, IκBα, and Akt, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, α7 nAChR was expressed on the surfaces of RAW264.7 cells, and the α7 nAChR-specific antagonist almost completely prohibited the inhibitory effect of GTS-21 on NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GTS-21 suppresses LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the Akt/NF-κB signal pathway through α7 nAChR. GTS-21 has a potential application in inflammatory disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yue
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruoxi Liu
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiping Hu
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinchao Li
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- The Department of Orthopedics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing 28# Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Key Lab for Medicine, Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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22
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Wei ZF, Lv Q, Xia Y, Yue MF, Shi C, Xia YF, Chou GX, Wang ZT, Dai Y. Norisoboldine, an Anti-Arthritis Alkaloid Isolated from Radix Linderae, Attenuates Osteoclast Differentiation and Inflammatory Bone Erosion in an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Manner. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1113-26. [PMID: 26221077 PMCID: PMC4515821 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), the primary isoquinoline alkaloid constituent of the root of Lindera aggregata, has previously been demonstrated to attenuate osteoclast (OC) differentiation. Accumulative evidence has shown that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in regulating the differentiation of various cells, and multiple isoquinoline alkaloids can modulate AhR. In the present study, we explored the role of NOR in the AhR signaling pathway. These data showed that the combination of AhR antagonist resveratrol (Res) or α-naphthoflavone (α-NF) nearly reversed the inhibition of OC differentiation through NOR. NOR could stably bind to AhR, up-regulate the nuclear translocation of AhR, and enhance the accumulation of the AhR-ARNT complex, AhR-mediated reporter gene activity and CYP1A1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that NOR might be an agonist of AhR. Moreover, NOR inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, resulting in the evident accumulation of the AhR-NF-κB-p65 complex, which could be markedly inhibited through either Res or α-NF. Although NOR only slightly affected the expression of HIF-1α, NOR markedly reduced VEGF mRNA expression and ARNT-HIF-1α complex accumulation. In vivo studies indicated that NOR decreased the number of OCs and ameliorated the bone erosion in the joints of rats with collagen-induced arthritis, accompanied by the up-regulation of CYP1A1 and the down-regulation of VEGF mRNA expression in the synovium of rats. A combination of α-NF nearly completely reversed the effects of NOR. In conclusion, NOR attenuated OC differentiation and bone erosion through the activation of AhR and the subsequent inhibition of both NF-κB and HIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-feng Wei
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Lv
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Xia
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-fan Yue
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Can Shi
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-feng Xia
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gui-xin Chou
- 2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-tao Wang
- 2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Dai
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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23
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Tong B, Dou Y, Wang T, Yu J, Wu X, Lu Q, Chou G, Wang Z, Kong L, Dai Y, Xia Y. Norisoboldine ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis through regulating the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 282:90-9. [PMID: 25481498 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), the main active ingredient of the dry root of Lindera aggregata, was previously proven to have substantial therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice by oral administration. However, it exhibited a very poor bioavailability in normal rats. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics disconnection attracts us to explore its anti-arthritic mechanism in more detail. In this study, NOR, administered orally, markedly attenuated the pathological changes in CIA rats, which was accompanied by the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the plasma concentration of NOR was moderately elevated in CIA rats compared with normal rats, but it was still far lower than the minimal effective concentration required for inhibiting the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Interestingly, NOR was shown to regulate the balance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the intestinal lymph nodes more strikingly than in other tissues. It could increase the expression of Foxp3 mRNA in both gut and joints, and markedly up-regulate the number of integrin α4β7 (a marker of gut source)-positive Foxp3(+) cells in the joints of CIA rats. These results suggest that the gut might be the primary action site of NOR, and NOR exerts anti-arthritis effect through regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells in intestinal lymph nodes and yielding a trafficking of lymphocytes (especially Treg cells) from the gut to joint. The findings of the present study also provide a plausible explanation for the anti-arthritic effects of poorly absorbed compounds like NOR.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Alkaloids/administration & dosage
- Alkaloids/blood
- Alkaloids/pharmacokinetics
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Collagen Type II
- Cytokines/blood
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mesentery
- Peyer's Patches/drug effects
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yannong Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juntao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guixin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Scopoletin suppresses IL-6 production from fibroblast-like synoviocytes of adjuvant arthritis rats induced by IL-1β stimulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 17:1037-43. [PMID: 24455774 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin, a coumarin compound naturally occurring in many medicinal plants, has previously been demonstrated to ameliorate synovial inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. As interleukin (IL)-6 is critically involved in the initiation and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the present study was performed to investigate the effect of scopoletin on IL-6 production from fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to get insight into its anti-RA mechanisms. FLS were isolated from synovial membrane tissues of AA rats, and stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Scopoletin, at concentrations of 15, 30, and 60 μM, was shown to only moderately inhibit FLS proliferation, but dramatically reduce IL-6 production at both mRNA and protein levels. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). These findings suggest that scopoletin exerts anti-RA action probably through suppressing IL-6 production from FLS via MAPK/PKC/CREB pathways.
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Tong B, Wan B, Wei Z, Wang T, Zhao P, Dou Y, Lv Z, Xia Y, Dai Y. Role of cathepsin B in regulating migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes into inflamed tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:586-97. [PMID: 24749816 PMCID: PMC4137842 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CB), an important proteinase that participates in joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), exhibits higher expression in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) of abnormal proliferative synovial tissues. Whether and how it affects the biological behaviours of RA-FLS, such as migration and invasion, are poorly understood. In the present study, CB expression in synovial tissues of patients with RA and ostearthritis (OA) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Stable depletion of endogenous CB was achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and decrease of CB activity was acquired by using its specific inhibitor (CA074Me). The effects of CA074Me and RNA interference (RNAi) treatments on proliferation, migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 expression, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation of FLS were analysed. In RA synovial tissues, CB was expressed at elevated levels compared with OA synovial tissues. CA074Me could inhibit invasion of FLS obtained from RA patients in an ex-vivo invasion model. CA074Me and siRNA treatments suppressed the migration and invasion of FLS, reduced the activity, expression and mRNA level of MMP-2, restrained the activation of FAK and reduced the expression of F-actin. Moreover, CA074Me decreased the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in FLS, while siCB treatment reduced the phosphorylation of P38 but not JNK. CB substantially contributes to the invasive phenotype of FLS that leads to joint destruction in RA. This proteinase may show promise as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang M, Nie L. Protective effect of Asarum extract in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1638-1642. [PMID: 25289073 PMCID: PMC4186323 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Asarum extract on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and to determine the underlying mechanism. An AA model was established by injecting Freund’s complete adjuvant into the rats. The degree of toe swelling, arthritis index, spleen index, and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated using murine macrophage-derived RAW 264.7 cells. Asarum extract was found to significantly reduce the severity of arthritis by decreasing hind paw swelling, the arthritis index, the spleen index, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels in plasma. In vitro, Asarum extract inhibited the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These results indicate that Asarum extract may be a therapeutic agent for AA and may exert an anti-inflammatory effect by mediating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, No. 2 Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Gao X, Lu Q, Chou G, Wang Z, Pan R, Xia Y, Hu H, Dai Y. Norisoboldine attenuates inflammatory pain via the adenosine A1 receptor. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:939-48. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia USA
| | - Q. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - G. Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China
| | - Z. Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China
| | - R. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia USA
| | - Y. Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - H. Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia USA
| | - Y. Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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Chen F, Li HL, Li YH, Tan YF, Zhang JQ. Quantitative analysis of the major constituents in Chinese medicinal preparation SuoQuan formulae by ultra fast high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:131. [PMID: 23899222 PMCID: PMC3733971 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SuoQuan formulae containing Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae has been used to combat the urinary incontinence symptoms including frequency, urgency and nocturia for hundreds of years in China. However, the chemical information was not well characterized. The quality control marker constituent only focused on one single compound in the current Chinese Pharmacopeia. Hence it is prudent to identify and quantify the main constituents in this herbal product. This study aimed to analyze the main constituents using ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). Results Fourteen phytochemicals originated from five chemical classes constituents were identified by comparing the molecular mass, fragmentation pattern and retention time with those of the reference standards. A newly developed UFLC-MS/MS was validated demonstrating that the new assay was valid, reproducible and reliable. This method was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the fourteen phytochemicals. Notably, the content of these constituents showed significant differences in three pharmaceutical preparations. The major constituent originated from each of chemical class was isolinderalactone, norisoboldine, nootkatone, yakuchinone A and apigenin-4’,7-dimethylther, respectively. The variation among these compounds was more than 1000 times. Furthermore, the significant content variation between the two different Suoquan pills was also observed. Conclusion The proposed method is sensitive and reliable; hence it can be used to analyze a variety of SuoQuan formulae products produced by different pharmaceutical manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, Haikou 571101, China.
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Norisoboldine suppresses osteoclast differentiation through preventing the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and activation of MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos/NFATc1 Pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59171. [PMID: 23536866 PMCID: PMC3594163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR) is the main alkaloid constituent in the dry root of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (L. strychnifolia Vill.). As reported previously, orally administered NOR displayed a robust inhibition of joint bone destruction present in both mouse collagen-induced arthritis and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis with lower efficacious doses than that required for ameliorating systemic inflammation. This attracted us to assess the effects of NOR on differentiation and function of osteoclasts, primary effector cells for inflammatory bone destruction, to get insight into its anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms. Both RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were stimulated with RANKL (100 ng/mL) to establish osteoclast differentiation models. ELISA, RT-PCR, gelatin zymography, western blotting, immunoprecipitation and EMSA were used to reveal related signalling pathways. NOR (10 and 30 µM), without significant cytotoxicity, showed significant reduction of the number of osteoclasts and the resorption pit areas, and it targeted osteoclast differentiation at the early stage. In conjunction with the anti-resorption effect of NOR, mRNA levels of cathepsin K and MMP-9 were decreased, and the activity of MMP-9 was attenuated. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies indicated that NOR obviously suppressed the ubiquitination of TRAF6, the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. However, NOR had little effect on expressions of TRAF6 or the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Moreover, NOR markedly inhibited expressions of transcription factor NFATc1, but not c-Fos. Intriguingly, the subsequent nuclear translocations of c-Fos and NFATc1 were substantially down-regulated. Hence, we demonstrated for the first time that preventing the differentiation and function of osteoclasts at the early stage was an important anti-bone destruction mechanism of NOR, which might be attributed to inhibition of ubiquitination of TRAF6, the accumulation of TRAF6-TAK1 complexes and the activation of MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos/NFATc1 pathways.
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Wei ZF, Jiao XL, Wang T, Lu Q, Xia YF, Wang ZT, Guo QL, Chou GX, Dai Y. Norisoboldine alleviates joint destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by reducing RANKL, IL-6, PGE(2), and MMP-13 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:403-13. [PMID: 23396374 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of norisoboldine (NOR), a major isoquinoline alkaloid in Radix Linderae, on joint destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AIA was induced in adult male SD rats by intradermal injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in Freund's complete adjuvant at the base of the right hind paw and tail. From d 14 after immunization, the rats were orally given NOR (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) daily for 10 consecutive days. Joint destruction was evaluated with radiological scanning and H&E staining. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were prepared from fresh synovial tissues in the AIA rats. The expression of related proteins and mRNAs were detected by ELISA, Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS In AIA rats, NOR (15 and 30 mg/kg) significantly decreased the swelling of paws and arthritis index scores, and elevated the mean body weight. NOR (30 mg/kg) prevented both the infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of bone and cartilage in joints. However, NOR (15 mg/kg) only suppressed the destruction of bone and cartilage, but did not obviously ameliorate synovial inflammation. NOR (15 and 30 mg/kg) significantly decreased the serum levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), IL-6, PGE2, and MMP-13, but not the osteoprotegerin and MMP-1 levels. The mRNA levels of RANKL, IL-6, COX-2, and MMP-13 in synovium were also suppressed. Dexamethasone produced similar effects in AIA rats as NOR did, but without elevating the mean body weight. In the cultured FLS, treatment with NOR (10 and 30 mmol/L) significantly decreased the secretion of RANKL, IL-6, PGE2, and MMP-13 proteins. Furthermore, the treatment selectively prevented the activation of MAPKs, AKT and transcription factor AP-1 component c-Jun, but not the recruitment of TRAF6 or the activation of JAK2/STAT3. Treatment of the cultured FLS with the specific inhibitors of p38, ERK, AKT, and AP-1 significantly decreased the secretion of RANKL, IL-6, PGE2, and MMP-13 proteins. CONCLUSION NOR can alleviate joint destruction in AIA rats by reducing RANKL, IL-6, PGE2, and MMP-13 expression via the p38/ERK/AKT/AP-1 pathway.
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Thieme CJ, Schudoma C, May P, Walther D. Give It AGO: The Search for miRNA-Argonaute Sorting Signals in Arabidopsis thaliana Indicates a Relevance of Sequence Positions Other than the 5'-Position Alone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:272. [PMID: 23233858 PMCID: PMC3516803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The specific recognition of miRNAs by Argonaute (AGO) proteins, the effector proteins of the RNA-induced silencing complex, constitutes the final step of the biogenesis of miRNAs and is crucial for their target interaction. In the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath), 10 different AGO proteins are encoded and the sorting decision, which miRNA associates with which AGO protein, was reported to depend exclusively on the identity of the 5'-sequence position of mature miRNAs. Hence, with only four different bases possible, a 5'-position-only sorting signal would not suffice to specifically target all 10 different AGOs individually or would suggest redundant AGO action. Alternatively, other and as of yet unidentified sorting signals may exist. We analyzed a dataset comprising 117 Ath-miRNAs with clear sorting preference to either AGO1, AGO2, or AGO5 as identified in co-immunoprecipitation experiments combined with sequencing. While mutual information analysis did not identify any other single position but the 5'-nucleotide to be informative for the sorting at sufficient statistical significance, significantly better than random classification results using Random Forests nonetheless suggest that additional positions and combinations thereof also carry information with regard to the AGO sorting. Positions 2, 6, 9, and 13 appear to be of particular importance. Furthermore, uracil bases at defined positions appear to be important for the sorting to AGO2 and AGO5, in particular. No predictive value was associated with miRNA length or base pair binding pattern in the miRNA:miRNA* duplex. From inspecting available AGO gene expression data in Arabidopsis, we conclude that the temporal and spatial expression profile may also contribute to the fine-tuning of miRNA sorting and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Patrick May
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dirk Walther, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. e-mail: ;
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