1
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Zhang Q, Jiu Y. The regulation of host cytoskeleton during SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2023.9050004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global economy and public health are currently under enormous pressure since the outbreak of COVID-19. Apart from respiratory discomfort, a subpopulation of COVID-19 patients exhibits neurological symptoms such as headache, myalgia, and loss of smell. Some have even shown encephalitis and necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. The cytoskeleton of nerve cells changes drastically in these pathologies, indicating that the cytoskeleton and its related proteins are closely related to the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. In this review, we present the up-to-date association between host cytoskeleton and coronavirus infection in the context of the nervous system. We systematically summarize cytoskeleton-related pathogen-host interactions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, hoping to contribute to the development of clinical treatment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Pan N, Gao K, Zhang B, Fan X, Lu L, Wang X. Inhibitory effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2), n-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor (KN93) on Cd 2+-induced abnormal cell morphology and membrane permeability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155208. [PMID: 35417724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) could reduce abnormal cell morphology and membrane permeability, however, there are few studies on the detoxification of Cd-reduced cell membrane toxicity. In the present study, we firstly studied the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), n-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor (KN93) on cell membrane permeability, respectively; then, we studied the inhibitory effects of ZnCl2, NAC, and KN93 on Cd2+-induced abnormal cell membrane permeability by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) scanning imaging, transverse scanning curve and DPV technology. Our results showed that 10 μmol·L-1 ZnCl2, 0.5 mmol·L-1 NAC and 5 μmol·L-1 KN93 could significantly improve the activity of MCF-7 cells, while did not destroy the cell morphology and membrane permeability. 0.5 mmol·L-1 NAC and 5 μmol·L-1 KN93 could significantly inhibit the effects of Cd2+ on the morphology and membrane permeability of MCF-7 cells (p < 0.01). 10 μmol·L-1 ZnCl2 could significantly inhibit the effect of Cd on the membrane permeability of MCF-7 cells, however, it cannot completely eliminate the morphological changes of MCF-7 cells caused by Cd2+. The results of cell activity experiment showed that 10 μmol·L-1 ZnCl2, 0.5 mmol·L-1 NAC and 5 μmol·L-1 KN93 could inhibit the effect of Cd2+ on the activity of MCF-7 cells. By comparing the inhibitory effects of ZnCl2, NAC and KN93 on Cd2+- induced cytotoxicity, 5 μmol·L-1 KN93 had the robust effect on the maintenance of MCF-7 cell morphology and cell membrane integrity. Our research provided evidence on Zn supplement, NAC as antioxidant drugs, and KN93 as special inhibitor for the detoxification of Cd2+-reduced abnormal cell morphology and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ke Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaoyin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing 100124, PR China; Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Liang ZZ, Zhang YX, Zhu RM, Li YL, Jiang HM, Li RB, Chen QX, Wang Q, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Identification of epigenetic modifications mediating the antagonistic effect of selenium against cadmium-induced breast carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22056-22068. [PMID: 34773240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antagonistic effect of selenium (Se) against cadmium (Cd)-induced breast carcinogenesis was reported, but underlying mechanisms were unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the epigenetically regulated genes and biological pathways mediating the antagonistic effect. We exposed MCF-7 cells to Cd and Se alone or simultaneously. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and differential epigenome (DNA methylation, microRNA, and long non-coding RNA) was obtained by microarrays. We cross-verified the epigenetic markers with differential transcriptome, and the ones modulated by Cd and Se in opposite directions were regarded to mediate the antagonistic effect. The epigenetically regulated genes were validated by using gene expression data in human breast tissues. We further assessed the biological functions of these validated genes. Our results showed that Se alleviated the proliferative effect of Cd on MCF-7 cell. A total of 10 epigenetically regulated genes were regarded to mediate the antagonistic effect, including APBA2, KIAA0895, DHX35, CPEB3, SVIL, MYLK, ZFYVE28, ABLIM2, GRB10, and PCDH9. Biological function analyses suggested that these epigenetically regulated genes were involved in multiple cancer-related pathways, such as focal adhesion and PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that Se antagonized the Cd-induced breast carcinogenesis via epigenetic modification and revealed the critical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhi Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui-Mei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yue-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Mei Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruo-Bi Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qian-Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Zhan J, Wang S, Li F, Ji C, Wu H. Global characterization of dose-dependent effects of cadmium in clam Ruditapes philippinarum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116443. [PMID: 33486241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is being frequently detected in marine organisms. However, dose-dependent effects of Cd challenged unraveling the toxicological mechanisms of Cd to marine organisms and developing biomarkers. Here, the dose-dependent effects of Cd on clams Ruditapes philippinarum following exposure to 5 doses of Cd (3, 9, 27, 81, 243 μg/L) were investigated using benchmark dose (BMD) method. By model fitting, calculation of BMD values was performed on transcriptomic profiles, metals concentrations, and antioxidant indices. Cd exposure induced not only significant Cd accumulation in clams, but also marked alterations of essential metals such as Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe. Gene regulation posed little influence on essential metal homeostasis, indicated by poor enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with metal binding and metal transport in lower concentrations of Cd-treated groups. BMD analysis on biological processes and pathways showed that peptide cross-linking was the most sensitive biological process to Cd exposure, followed by focal adhesion, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, and apoptosis. Occurrence of apoptosis was also confirmed by TUENL-positive staining in gills and hepatopancreas of clams treated with Cd. Furthermore, many DEGs, such as transglutaminases (TGs), metallothionein (MT), STEAP2-like and laccase, which presented linear or monotonic curves and relatively low BMD values, were potentially preferable biomarkers in clams to Cd. Overall, BMD analysis on transcriptomic profiles, metals concentrations and biochemical endpoints unraveled the sensitiveness of key events in response to Cd treatments, which provided new insights in exploring the toxicological mechanisms of Cd in clams as well as biomarker selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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5
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Shi H, Sun X, Kong A, Ma H, Xie Y, Cheng D, Wong CKC, Zhou Y, Gu J. Cadmium induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of renal cancer cells by increasing PGE2 through a cAMP/PKA-COX2 dependent mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111480. [PMID: 33254385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental or occupational exposure of Cadmium (Cd) is concerned to be a threat to human health. The kidney is main target of Cd accumulation, which increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, low content of Cd had been determined in kidney cancer, however, the roles of presence of Cd in renal tumors progression are still unclear. The present study is proposed to determine the effect of low-dose Cd exposure on the renal cancer cells and aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. The cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the migratory effect of low-dose Cd on the renal cancer cells were detected. Moreover, the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, and cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)-cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) signaling, as well as COX2 catalytic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on cell migration and invasion were identified. Our results suggested that low dose Cd exposure promoted migration of renal cancer Caki-1 cells, which was not dependent on Cd-induced ROS and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cd exposure induced cAMP/PKA-COX2, which mediated cell migration and invasion, and decreased expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, E-cadherin, but increased expressions of N-cadherin and Vimentin. Moreover, Cd-induced secretion of PGE2 feedback on activation of cAMP/PKA-COX2 signaling, also promoted EMT, migration and invasion of renal cancer Caki-1 cells. This study might contribute to understanding of the mechanism of Cd-induce progression of renal cancer and future studies on the prevention and therapy of renal cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Anqi Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University-Yixing Hospital, Jiangsu, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Dongrui Cheng
- General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, East Zhongshan Road 305, Xuanwu District, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210002, China
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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6
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Wegwitz F, Prokakis E, Pejkovska A, Kosinsky RL, Glatzel M, Pantel K, Wikman H, Johnsen SA. The histone H2B ubiquitin ligase RNF40 is required for HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 33070155 PMCID: PMC7568723 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The HER2-positive breast cancer subtype (HER2+-BC) displays a particularly aggressive behavior. Anti-HER2 therapies have significantly improved the survival of patients with HER2+-BC. However, a large number of patients become refractory to current targeted therapies, necessitating the development of new treatment strategies. Epigenetic regulators are commonly misregulated in cancer and represent attractive molecular therapeutic targets. Monoubiquitination of histone 2B (H2Bub1) by the heterodimeric ubiquitin ligase complex RNF20/RNF40 has been described to have tumor suppressor functions and loss of H2Bub1 has been associated with cancer progression. In this study, we utilized human tumor samples, cell culture models, and a mammary carcinoma mouse model with tissue-specific Rnf40 deletion and identified an unexpected tumor-supportive role of RNF40 in HER2+-BC. We demonstrate that RNF40-driven H2B monoubiquitination is essential for transcriptional activation of RHO/ROCK/LIMK pathway components and proper actin-cytoskeleton dynamics through a trans-histone crosstalk with histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unknown essential role of RNF40 in HER2+-BC, revealing the H2B monoubiquitination axis as a possible tumor context-dependent therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evangelos Prokakis
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasija Pejkovska
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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7
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Abreu PL, Ferreira LMR, Cunha-Oliveira T, Alpoim MC, Urbano AM. HSP90: A Key Player in Metal-Induced Carcinogenesis? HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23158-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Xiao W, Shinde M, Field J, Templeton DM. Cadmium favors F-actin depolymerization in rat renal mesangial cells by site-specific, disulfide-based dimerization of the CAP1 protein. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1049-1064. [PMID: 29222746 PMCID: PMC6925060 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic metal that produces oxidative stress and has been shown to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton in rat renal mesangial cells (RMC). In a survey of proteins that might undergo Cd2+-dependent disulfide crosslinking, we identified the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein, CAP1, as undergoing a dimerization in response to Cd2+ (5-40 µM) that was sensitive to disulfide reducing agents, was reproduced by the disulfide crosslinking agent diamide, and was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to involve the Cys29 residue of the protein. Reactive oxygen species are not involved in the thiol oxidation, and glutathione modulates background levels of dimer. CAP1 is known to enhance cofilin's F-actin severing activity through binding to F-actin and cofilin. F-actin sedimentation and GST-cofilin pulldown studies of CAP1 demonstrated enrichment of the CAP1 dimer's association with cofilin, and in the cofilin-F-actin pellet, suggesting that Cd2+-induced dimer increases the formation of a CAP1-cofilin-F-actin complex. Both siRNA-based silencing of CAP1 and overexpression of a CAP1 mutant lacking Cys29 (and therefore, incapable of dimerization in response to Cd2+) increased RMC viability and provided some protection of F-actin structures against Cd2+. It is concluded that Cd2+ brings about disruption of the RMC cytoskeleton in part through formation of a CAP1 dimer that increases recruitment of cofilin to F-actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Weiqun Xiao
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Manasi Shinde
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Douglas M Templeton
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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9
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Woo JK, Jang YS, Kang JH, Hwang JI, Seong JK, Lee SJ, Jeon S, Oh GT, Lee HY, Oh SH. Ninjurin1 inhibits colitis-mediated colon cancer development and growth by suppression of macrophage infiltration through repression of FAK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29592-604. [PMID: 27127177 PMCID: PMC5045419 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration promotes tumorigenesis. However, the macrophage infiltration regulatory molecules have not been fully determined. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (ninjurin1) is a homophilic cell surface adhesion molecule that plays an important role in cell migration and attachment. Although ninjurin1 is believed to play a role in several malignancies, it is unclear whether ninjurin1 expression contributes to cancer progression. We used transgenic mice (tg mice) that overexpressed ninjurin1 on macrophages. We subjected ninjurin1 tg mice to a well-known mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer in which animals are treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). After AOM and DSS treatment, ninjurin1 tg mice developed fewer and smaller tumors compared with wild-type (wt) mice. Ninjurin1 tg mice also showed reduced infiltration of macrophages and suppressed angiogenesis in the tumor mass. We therefore explored whether ninjurin1 decreases macrophage migration into the tumor sites. After adoptive transfer to tumor-bearing recipients, wild type and ninjurin1 tg mice's peritoneal macrophages were freshly isolated and labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE). As expected, compared with that of wt type macrophages, tumor infiltration of ninjurin1-overexpressing macrophages was significantly decreased. We also found that ninjurin1 overexpression suppressed FAK activity. In addition, knockdown of ninjurin1 enhanced FAK activity and migration activity of RAW264.7 cells. Ninjurin1 overexpression on macrophage inhibits tumor growth by suppression of macrophage infiltration through repression of FAK signaling. Ninjurin1 is a key regulator molecule for macrophage migration and Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) mediated tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Su Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Jeon
- Department of Life sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, DePasquale JA, Giari L. Pigmented macrophages and related aggregates in the spleen of european sea bass dosed with heavy metals: Ultrastructure and explorative morphometric analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:351-364. [PMID: 29318746 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and morphometrics of pigmented macrophages (PMs) were assessed in the spleen of European sea bass experimentally dosed with Cd and Hg. PMs occurred either as solitary cells or as variably structured aggregations, defined as macrophage aggregates (MAs). Light microscopy revealed a high degree of morphological heterogeneity amongst MAs of all experimental groups. At the ultrastructural level, MAs showed a heterogeneous pigment content that was not influenced by the treatment. Cytoplasm rarefaction/vacuolation and euchromatic nuclei, were observed in PMs of dosed fish. Undosed and Cd-dosed samples differ significantly with regard to the following morphometric features: the Minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, Aspect Ratio, and Roundness. In Cd-dosed fish, MAs showed reduced size and complexity. Lacunarity showed significant differences between undosed and both Cd and Hg-dosed samples. These results suggest that heavy metals, and especially Cd, may influence the dynamics of PM aggregation/disaggregation. Variability in splenic MAs was observed both by light and electron microscopy. However, only the morphometric techniques adequately and objectively described the phenomenon, allowing a quantitative/statistical comparison of morphology among experimental groups. These morphometric analyses could be usefully applied in toxicological and ecotoxicological, as well as morpho-functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, I-64100, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
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11
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Fujishiro H, Liu Y, Ahmadi B, Templeton DM. Protective effect of cadmium-induced autophagy in rat renal mesangial cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:619-631. [PMID: 29218509 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium damages renal cells, and in particular may cause mesangial cell death by necrosis or apoptosis, depending on exposure conditions in cultured cells. However, there is an uncertainty as to whether Cd2+-induced autophagy can protect mesangial cells against these other mechanisms of cell death. We have used autophagy-incompetent mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells lacking the Atg16 gene, as well as cultured rat mesangial cells (RMC) in which Atg16 has been silenced, to examine this issue. Measuring the processing of LC3-I to LC3-II and expression of sequestosome-1 (p62), we define conditions under which RMC can be induced to undergo autophagy in response to 0-20 µM CdCl2. Similarly, Cd2+ can initiate autophagy in MEF cells. However, when autophagy is compromised, either by gene knockout in MEF cells or by RNA silencing in RMC, cell viability is decreased, and concomitantly a Cd2+ dose-dependent increase in pro-caspase-3 cleavage indicates the initiation of apoptotic cell death. In contrast to some previous reports, Cd2+-induced autophagy is not correlated with increased levels of cellular reactive oxygen species but, among a panel of kinases investigated, is suppressed by inhibition of the Jun kinase. We conclude that concentrations of Cd2+ that initiate autophagy may afford renal mesangial cells some degree of protection against other modes (apoptosis, necrosis) of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujishiro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bilal Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Douglas M Templeton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Wei Z, Shaikh ZA. Cadmium stimulates metastasis-associated phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer cells through integrin and β-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:70-80. [PMID: 28527916 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic heavy metal which is implicated in breast cancer development. While the mechanisms of Cd-induced breast cancer initiation and promotion have been studied, the molecular processes involved in breast cancer progression remain to be investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Cd on metastasis-associated phenotypes, such as cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with 1μM Cd increased cell spreading and cell migration. This was associated with the activation of integrin β1, FAK, Src, and Rac1. Treatment with Cd also inhibited GSK3β activity and induced T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription, indicating the involvement of β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, treatment with 3μM Cd for 4weeks increased the expression of β-catenin and enhanced TCF/LEF-mediated transcription. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of integrins α5 and β1, paxillin, and vimentin indicated that prolonged Cd treatment reorganized the cytoskeleton, which aided malignancy, as evidenced by enhanced matrix metalloprotease 2/9 (MMP2/9) secretion and cell invasion. Prolonged Cd treatment also caused an increase in cell growth. Together, these results indicate that Cd alters key signaling processes involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton to enhance cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Wei
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zahir A Shaikh
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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13
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, DePasquale JA, Giari L. Multivariate approach to gill pathology in European sea bass after experimental exposure to cadmium and terbuthylazine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:282-290. [PMID: 27057996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of guided quantitative expert analysis and of multivariate exploratory data analysis is reported as a robust, sensitive and sufficiently specific approach to study European sea bass gill secondary lamellar pathology after exposure to incremental doses of cadmium and terbuthylazine up to 48h. The following elementary pathological findings were considered: "epithelial lifting", "epithelial shrinkage", "epithelial swelling", "pillar cells coarctation", "pillar cells detachment", "channels fusion", "chloride cells swelling", and "chloride cells invasion". The relative spatial extension was determined according to exposure class and data were analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA). Histologically and ultrastructurally, cellular shrinkage/coarctation prevailed in cadmium exposed lamellae, whereas cellular swelling and epithelial lifting were predominant in terbuthylazine exposed lamellae compared to unexposed fish. Both CCA and CVA permit a good graphical data grouping according to exposure classes by means of the convex hull minimum polygons. This also reveals exposure dose and time gradients in CCA plot. Accordingly, epithelial swelling and epithelial shrinkage were comparatively associated to higher exposure time, whereas epithelial shrinkage and pillar cells coarctation were comparatively associated to higher exposure dose. LDA with only "epithelial shrinkage", "epithelial swelling" and "pillar cells coarctation" in the model classified correctly 87.5% of the cross-validated cases. A possible pathogenetic relationship between the discriminant elementary lesions and the toxic mode of action at the cellular level of both cadmium and terbuthylazine is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio, I-64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Manera M, Giari L, Depasquale JA, Dezfuli BS. European sea bass gill pathology after exposure to cadmium and terbuthylazine: expert versus fractal analysis. J Microsc 2015; 261:291-9. [PMID: 26469527 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare expert versus fractal analysis as new methods to evaluate branchial lamellar pathology in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) experimentally exposed to cadmium and to terbuthylazine. In particular, guided expert quantitative and fractal analysis were performed on selected images from semithin sections to test possible differences according to exposure class (unexposed, cadmium exposed, or terbuthylazine exposed) and the discrimination power of the two methods. With respect to guided expert quantitative analysis, the following elementary pathological features were assessed according to pre-determined cover classes: 'epithelial lifting', 'epithelial shrinkage', 'epithelial swelling', 'pillar cells coarctation', 'pillar cells detachment', 'channels fusion', 'chloride cells swelling' and 'chloride cells invasion'. Considering fractal analysis, DB (box dimension), DM (mass dimension), Dx (mean fractal dimension) as fractal dimensions and lacunarity from DM and Dx scan types were calculated both from the outlined and skeletonized (one pixel wide lines) images. Despite significant differences among experimental classes, only expert analysis provided good discrimination with correct classification of 91.7 % of the original cases, and of 87.5 % of the cross-validated cases, with a sensitivity of 95.45 % and 91.3 %, respectively, and a specificity of 75 % in both cases. Guided expert quantitative analysis appears to be a reliable method to objectively characterize fish gill pathology and may represent a powerful tool in environmental biomonitoring to ensure proper standardization and reproducibility. Though fractal analysis did not equal the discrimination power of the expert method, it certainly warrants further study to evaluate local variations in complexity or possible multiple scaling rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J A Depasquale
- Morphogenyx Inc, PO Box 717, East Northport, NY, 11731, U.S.A
| | - B S Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Cadmium-induced aggregation of iron regulatory protein-1. Toxicology 2014; 324:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Choong G, Liu Y, Templeton DM. Interplay of calcium and cadmium in mediating cadmium toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 211:54-65. [PMID: 24463198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The environmentally important toxic metal, cadmium, exists as the Cd(2+) ion in biological systems, and in this state structurally resembles Ca(2+). Thus, although cadmium exerts a broad range of adverse actions on cells by virtue of its propensity to bind to protein thiol groups, it is now well appreciated that Cd(2+) participates in a number of Ca(2+)-dependent pathways, attributable to its actions as a Ca(2+) mimetic, with a central role for calmodulin, and the Ca(2+)/calmodlin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) that mediates effects on cytoskeletal dynamics and apoptotic cell death. Cadmium interacts with receptors and ion channels on the cell surface, and with the intracellular estrogen receptor where it binds competitively to residues shared by Ca(2+). It increases cytosolic [Ca(2+)] through several mechanisms, but also decreases transcript levels of some Ca(2+)-transporter genes. It initiates mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and activates calpains, contributing to mitochondria-independent apoptosis. However, the recent discovery of the role CaMK-II plays in Cd(2+)-induced cell death, and subsequent implication of CaMK-II in Cd(2+)-dependent alterations of cytoskeletal dynamics, has opened a new area of mechanistic cadmium toxicology that is a focus of this review. Calmodulin is necessary for induction of apoptosis by several agents, yet induction of apoptosis by Cd(2+) is prevented by CaMK-II block, and Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation of CaMK-II has been linked to increased Cd(2+)-dependent apoptosis. Calmodulin antagonism suppresses Cd(2+)-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and the Akt survival pathway. The involvement of CaMK-II in the effects of Cd(2+) on cell morphology, and particularly the actin cytoskeleton, is profound, favouring actin depolymerization, disrupting focal adhesions, and directing phosphorylated FAK into a cellular membrane. CaMK-II is also implicated in effects of Cd(2+) on microtubules and cadherin junctions. A key question for future cadmium research is whether cytoskeletal disruption leads to apoptosis, or rather if apoptosis initiates cytoskeletal disruption in the context of Cd(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Choong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Douglas M Templeton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
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