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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Sugisawa N, Higuchi T, Han Q, Hozumi C, Yamamoto J, Tashiro Y, Nishino H, Kawaguchi K, Bouvet M, Murata T, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase combined with paclitaxel arrests recalcitrant ovarian clear cell carcinoma growth in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:61-67. [PMID: 33768300 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a recalcitrant disease, often resistant to the first-line platinum-based therapy. Using a novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of OCCC, we tested whether oral-recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) could enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX). METHODS The OCCC PDOX model was established and passaged in nude mice. The OCCC PDOX models were randomized into 5 groups. G1: untreated control; G2: paclitaxel (PTX) (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly); G3: o-rMETase (100 units, oral, daily); G4: PTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly) + carboplatinum (CBDCA) (40 mg/kg, i.p. injection weekly); G5: PTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly) + o-rMETase (100 units, oral, daily). The treatment period was 2 weeks. RESULTS The combination of PTX and o-rMETase arrested OCCC tumor growth (relative tumor volume: 1.09 ± 0.63 (mean ± SD)) compared with the untreated control (relative tumor volume: 3.92 ± 1.04 (mean ± SD)) (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in relative tumor volume between PTX plus o-rMETase and PTX plus CBDCA (relative tumor volume: 1.39 ± 0.37 (mean ± SD)) (p = 0.93). CONCLUSION PTX plus o-rMETase arrested the OCCC tumor growth. o-rMETase is readily administered and can greatly enhance first-line therapy of a recalcitrant cancer. The novel and effective treatment strategy in the present report has future clinical potential for patients with OCCC, especially for patients who cannot well tolerate platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Qinghong Han
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA
| | - Chihiro Hozumi
- AntiCancer Japan, Inc, 2-23-5 Ryukakujidai, Sakae-cho, Imba-gun, Chiba, 270-1505, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Takuya Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, 92111, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive 0987, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.
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Panteli JT, Van Dessel N, Forbes NS. Detection of tumors with fluoromarker-releasing bacteria. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:137-149. [PMID: 31093970 PMCID: PMC10411319 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Combining the specificity of tumor-targeting bacteria with the sensitivity of biomarker detection would create a screening method able to detect small tumors and metastases. To create this system, we genetically modified an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica to release a recombinant fluorescent biomarker (or fluoromarker). Salmonella expressing ZsGreen were intravenously administered to tumor-bearing mice and fluoromarker production was induced after 48 hr. The quantities and locations of bacteria and ZsGreen were measured in tumors, livers and spleens by immunofluorescence, and the plasma concentration of ZsGreen was measured using single-layer ELISA. In the plasma, the ZsGreen concentration was in the range of 0.5-1.5 ng/ml and was dependent on tumor mass (with a proportion of 0.81 ± 0.32 ng·ml-1 ·g-1 ). No adverse reaction to ZsGreen or bacteria was observed in any mice. ZsGreen was released at an average rate of 4.3 fg·CFU-1 ·hr-1 and cleared from the plasma with a rate constant of 0.259 hr-1 . ZsGreen production was highest in viable tissue (7.6 fg·CFU-1 ·hr-1 ) and lowest in necrotic tissue (0.47 fg·CFU-1 ·hr-1 ). The mass transfer rate constant from tumor to blood was 0.0125 hr-1 . Based on these measurements, this system has the capability to detect tumors as small as 0.12 g. These results demonstrate four essential mechanisms of this method: (i) preferential tumor colonization by bacteria, (ii) fluoromarker release in vivo, (iii) fluoromarker transport through tumor tissue and (iv) slow enough systemic clearance to enable measurement. This bacteria-based blood test would be minimally invasive and has the potential to identify previously undetectable microscopic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan T Panteli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Nele Van Dessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) on Recalcitrant Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050410. [PMID: 31052611 PMCID: PMC6562625 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
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PD-1-siRNA delivered by attenuated Salmonella enhances the antimelanoma effect of pimozide. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30778049 PMCID: PMC6379487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers worldwide. Although there has been much effort toward improving treatment options over the past few years, there remains an urgent need for effective therapy. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has shown great promise in clinical trials. Here, we studied the cooperative effects of the small molecule drug pimozide, which has a therapeutic effect in melanoma, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting PD-1, an important immune checkpoint molecule involved in tumor immune escape. PD-1 siRNA was delivered by attenuated Salmonella to melanoma-bearing mice in combination with pimozide. Our results demonstrated that the combination therapy had the optimal therapeutic effect on melanoma. The mechanisms underlying the efficacy involved the induction of apoptosis and an enhanced immune response. This study suggests that immunotherapy based on PD-1 inhibition combined with anticancer drugs could be a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Bouvet M, Elliott I, Russell TA, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R suppressed an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with c-kit exon 11 and 17 mutations. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00643. [PMID: 30003151 PMCID: PMC6040627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory disease in need of novel efficacious therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) using on a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of imatinib-resistant GIST. The GIST was obtained from a patient with regional recurrence, and implanted in the anterior gastric wall of nude mice. The GIST PDOX mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration [p.o.], daily, for 3 weeks); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R group (intravenous [i.v.] injection, weekly, for 3 weeks). All mice from each group were sacrificed on day 22. Relative tumor volume was estimated by laparotomy on day 0 and day 22. Body weight of the mouse was evaluated 2 times per week. We found that S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor growth in contrast to the untreated group (P = 0.001). In addition, we found that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective compared to imatinib (P = 0.013). Furthermore, Imatinib was not significantly effective compared to the control group (P = 0.462). These results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R may be new effective therapy for imatinib-resistant GIST and therefore a good candidate for clinical development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Kocijancic D, Felgner S, Schauer T, Frahm M, Heise U, Zimmermann K, Erhardt M, Weiss S. Local application of bacteria improves safety of Salmonella -mediated tumor therapy and retains advantages of systemic infection. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28637010 PMCID: PMC5564822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and a large socio-economic burden. Novel therapeutic solutions are on the rise, although a cure remains elusive. Application of microorganisms represents an ancient therapeutic strategy, lately revoked and refined via simultaneous attenuation and amelioration of pathogenic properties. Salmonella Typhimurium has prevailed in preclinical development. Yet, using virulent strains for systemic treatment might cause severe side effects. In the present study, we highlight a modified strain based on Salmonella Typhimurium UK-1 expressing hexa-acylated Lipid A. We corroborate improved anti-tumor properties of this strain and investigate to which extent an intra-tumoral (i.t.) route of infection could help improve safety and retain advantages of systemic intravenous (i.v.) application. Our results show that i.t. infection exhibits therapeutic efficacy against CT26 and F1.A11 tumors similar to a systemic route of inoculation. Moreover, i.t. application allows extensive dose titration without compromising tumor colonization. Adverse colonization of healthy organs was generally reduced via i.t. infection and accompanied by less body weight loss of the murine host. Despite local application, adjuvanticity remained, and a CT26-specific CD8+ T cell response was effectively stimulated. Most interestingly, also secondary tumors could be targeted with this strategy, thereby extending the unique tumor targeting ability of Salmonella. The i.t. route of inoculation may reap the benefits of systemic infection and aid in safety assurance while directing potency of an oncolytic vector to where it is most needed, namely the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tim Schauer
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heise
- Mouse-Pathology Service Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Marc Erhardt
- Infection Biology of Salmonella, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with recombinant methioninase and cisplatinum eradicates an osteosarcoma cisplatinum-resistant lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model: decoy, trap and kill chemotherapy moves toward the clinic. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:801-809. [PMID: 29374999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which decoys chemoresistant quiescent cancer cells to cycle, and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which selectively traps cancer cells in late S/G2, and chemotherapy. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups 14 days after implantation: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks); G5, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G6, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks) and CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after initiation, all treatments except CDDP alone, significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control: (CDDP: p = 0.586; rMETase: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R combined with rMETase: p = 0.0004; rMETase combined with both S. typhimurium A1-R and CDDP: p = 0.0001). The decoy, trap and kill combination of S. typhimurium A1-R, rMETase and CDDP was the most effective of all therapies and was able to eradicate the metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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A topically-sprayable, activatable fluorescent and retaining probe, SPiDER-βGal for detecting cancer: Advantages of anchoring to cellular proteins after activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39512-39521. [PMID: 28467810 PMCID: PMC5503628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SPiDER-βGal is a newly-developed probe that is activated by β-galactosidase and is then retained within cells by anchoring to intracellular proteins. Previous work has focused on gGlu-HMRG, a probe activated by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, which demonstrated high sensitivity for the detection of peritoneal ovarian cancer metastases in an animal model. However, its fluorescence, after activation by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, rapidly declines over time, limiting the actual imaging window and the ability to define the border of lesions. The purpose of this study is to compare the fluorescence signal kinetics of SPiDER-βGal with that of gGlu-HMRG using ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and ex vivo tissue imaging. In vitro removal of gGlu-HMRG resulted in a rapid decrease of fluorescence intensity followed by a more gradual decrease up to 60 min while there was a gradual increase in fluorescence up to 60 min after removal of SPiDER-βGal. This is most likely due to internalization and retention of the dye within cells. This was also confirmed ex vivo tissue imaging using a red fluorescence protein (RFP)-labeled tumor model in which the intensity of fluorescence increased gradually after activation of SPiDER-βGal. Additionally, SPiDER-βGal resulted in intense enhancement within the tumor due to the high target-to-background ratio, which extended up to 60 min after activation. In contrast, gGlu-HMRG fluorescence resulted in decreasing fluorescence over time in extracted tumors. Thus, SPiDER-βGal has the advantages of higher signal with more signal retention, resulting in improved contrast of the tumor margin and suggesting it may be an alternative to existing activatable probes.
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Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R regresses an osteosarcoma in a patient-derived xenograft model resistant to a molecular-targeting drug. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8035-8042. [PMID: 28030831 PMCID: PMC5352380 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma occurs mostly in children and young adults, who are treated with multiple agents in combination with limb-salvage surgery. However, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with recurrent or metastatic osteosarcoma is 20-30% which has not improved significantly over 30 years. Refractory patients would benefit from precise individualized therapy. We report here that a patient-derived osteosarcoma growing in a subcutaneous nude-mouse model was regressed by tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R, p<0.001 compared to untreated control). The osteosarcoma was only partially sensitive to the molecular-targeting drug sorafenib, which did not arrest its growth. S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than sorafenib (P <0.001). S. typhimurium grew in the treated tumors and caused extensive necrosis of the tumor tissue. These data show that S. typhimurium A1-R is powerful therapy for an osteosarcoma patient-derived xenograft model.
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11
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Singh A, Unno M, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with temozolomide regresses malignant melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85929-85936. [PMID: 27835903 PMCID: PMC5349886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease in need of transformative therapuetics. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation to determine the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM) combined with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R. A melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two weeks after implantation, 40 PDOX nude mice were divided into 4 groups: G1, control without treatment (n = 10); G2, TEM (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); G4, TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days and 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, respectively, n = 10). Tumor sizes were measured with calipers twice a week. On day 14 from initiation of treatment, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p < 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001; TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.0004) alone or TEM alone (p = 0.0017). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R could regress the melanoma in the PDOX model and has important future clinical potential for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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High efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R on a doxorubicin- and dactolisib-resistant follicular dendritic-cell sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft PDOX nude mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:33046-54. [PMID: 27105519 PMCID: PMC5078074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic-cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare and recalcitrant disease. In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of FDCS was established in the biceps muscle of nude mice. The FDCS PDOX was resistant to both doxorubicin (DOX) and NVP-BEZ235, dactolisib (BEZ) an experimental agent which is a dual pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. However, in contrast to DOX and BEZ, the FDCS PDOX was sensitive to the tumor-targeting bacterial strain, Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R). The combination of S. typhimurium A1-R and either DOX or BEZ did not increase the antitumor efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R, indicating that DOX and BEZ were not active in this PDOX model. The efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in this recalcitrant FDCS gives strong impetus to move bacterial therapy to clinical trials for this disease. The findings of the present study are of particular importance since it demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R is effective in a PDOX model of FDCS established from a patient who failed DOX therapy.
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13
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Tu DG, Chang WW, Lin ST, Kuo CY, Tsao YT, Lee CH. Salmonella inhibits tumor angiogenesis by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37513-37523. [PMID: 27175584 PMCID: PMC5122328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe that is a common cause of host intestinal infections. Salmonella grows under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and it has been proven capable of inhibiting tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism by which Salmonella inhibits tumor growth is still unclear. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. We investigated the antitumor effect of Salmonella in a syngeneic murine tumor model. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α plays a significant role in tumor angiogenesis. We examined the molecular mechanism by which Salmonella regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an important angiogenic factor. The expression of VEGF in tumor cells was decreased by treatment with Salmonella. The conditioned medium from Salmonella-treated cells inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells. Salmonella inhibited the expression of HIF-1α as well as downregulated its upstream signal mediator protein kinase B (AKT). Salmonella significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and immunohistochemical studies of the tumors revealed decreased intratumoral microvessel density. These results suggest that Salmonella therapy, which exerts anti-angiogenic activities, represents a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Song-Tao Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Murakami T, DeLong J, Eilber FC, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Singh A, Russell T, Deng S, Reynoso J, Quan C, Hiroshima Y, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Chawla S, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in combination with doxorubicin eradicate soft tissue sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12783-90. [PMID: 26859573 PMCID: PMC4914321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with high grade undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma from a striated muscle was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Twenty PDOX mice were divided into 4 groups: G1, control without treatment; G2, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)A1-R administered by intratumoral (i.t.) injection once a week for 4 weeks; G3, doxorubicin (DOX) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once a week for 4 weeks; G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (i.t.) administered once a week for 2 weeks followed by i.p. doxorubicin once a week for 2 weeks. On day 25 from the initiation of treatment, tumor volume in G2, G3, and G4 was significantly lower than G1. Mice found without gross tumor included one mouse (20%) in G2; one mouse (20%) in G3; and 3 mice (60%) in G4. Body weight loss did not significantly differ between the 3 treated groups or from the untreated control. Histological examination revealed eradication of tumor only in G4 where mice were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R followed by DOX. Our present study indicates future clinical potential of combining S. typhimurium A1-R with chemotherapy such as DOX for soft tissue sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jonathan DeLong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Cuong Quan
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sant Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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15
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Hoffman RM. The Advantages of Using Fluorescent Proteins for In Vivo Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cpet.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego California
- AntiCancer Inc San Diego California
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16
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Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Suetsugu A, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Hiroshima Y, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Bouvet M, Clary BM, Unno M, Hoffman RM. High-efficacy targeting of colon-cancer liver metastasis with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R via intra-portal-vein injection in orthotopic nude-mouse models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19065-19073. [PMID: 27683127 PMCID: PMC5386670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main cause of colon cancer-related death and is a recalcitrant disease. We report here the efficacy and safety of intra-portal-vein (iPV) targeting of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R on colon cancer liver metastasis in a nude-mouse orthotopic model. Nude mice with HT29 human colon cancer cells, expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) (HT29-RFP), growing in the liver were administered S. typhimurium A1-R by either iPV (1×104 colony forming units (CFU)/100 μl) or, for comparison, intra-venous injection (iv; 5×107 CFU/100 μl). Similar amounts of bacteria were delivered to the liver with the two doses, indicating that iPV delivery is 5×103 times more efficient than iv delivery. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by tumor fluorescent area (mm2) and total fluorescence intensity. Tumor fluorescent area and fluorescence intensity highly correlated (p<0.0001). iPV treatment was more effective compared to both untreated control and iv treatment (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively with iPV treatment with S. typhimurium arresting metastatic growth). There were no significant differences in body weight between all groups. The results of this study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R administered iPV has potential for peri-operative adjuvant treatment of colon cancer liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bryan M Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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17
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Hoffman RM. Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Models of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091875. [PMID: 28858204 PMCID: PMC5618524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a recalcitrant tumor. Although “targeted” and immune therapies have been highly touted, only relatively few patients have had durable responses. To overcome this problem, our laboratory has established the melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model with the use of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Promising results have been obtained with regard to identifying effective approved agents and experimental therapeutics, as well as combinations of the two using the melanoma PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8220, USA.
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18
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Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Hwang HK, Miyake K, Homma Y, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Ichikawa Y, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R Promotes Tumoricidal CD8 + T Cell Tumor Infiltration and Arrests Growth and Metastasis in a Syngeneic Pancreatic-Cancer Orthotopic Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28628234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study determined the effect of the tumor-targeting strain Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a syngeneic pancreatic-cancer orthotopic mouse model. The effect of tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R on CD8+ TILs was determined on the Pan02 murine pancreatic-adenocarcinoma implanted orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of C57BL/6 immunocompromised mice. Three weeks after orthotopic implantation, mice were randomized as follows G1: untreated control group (n = 8); and G2: S. typhimurium A1-R-treatment group (n = 8, 1 × 107 colony forming units [CFU]/body, iv, weekly, 3 weeks). On the 22nd day from initial treatment, all mice were sacrificed and tumors were harvested. The tumor-volume ratio was defined as ratio of tumor volume on the 22nd day relative to the 1st day. The tumor volume ratio was significantly lower in the S. typhimurium A1-R-treated group (G2) (3.0 ± 2.8) than the untreated control (G1) (39.9 ± 30.7, P < 0.01). Hematoxylin and easin (H&E) staining on tumor sections was performed to evaluate tumor destruction which was classified according to the Evans grading system and found to be much greater in the S. typhimurium A1-R-treated mice (G2). Six mice in G1 had peritoneal dissemination, whereas no mice showed peritoneal dissemination in G2 (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-mouse CD8+ antibody was performed in order to detect TILs determined by calculating the average number of CD8+ cells in three high power fields (200×) in the treated and untreated tumors. The TIL score was significantly higher in G2 (133.5 ± 32.2) than G1 (45.1 ± 19.4, P < 0.001). The present study demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 634-639, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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19
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Singh AS, Chmielowski B, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Salmonella typhimurium A1-R targeting of a chemotherapy-resistant BRAF-V600E melanoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model is enhanced in combination with either vemurafenib or temozolomide. Cell Cycle 2017. [PMID: 28622068 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1314420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A metastatic melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was previously established orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice as a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. We previously showed that the combination of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) and chemotherapy was highly effective against the melanoma PDOX. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the high efficacy of this combination. Two weeks after implantation, 40 PDOX mouse models were randomized into 4 groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); treated with S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); treated with temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o. for 14 consecutive days) combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); treated with vemurafenib (VEM) (30 mg/kg, p.o., for 14 consecutive days) combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks) (n = 10). On day 14 from initiation, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with untreated control (S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.01; TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.01; VEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.01). Combination therapy with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective on tumor growth than S. typhimurium A1-R alone (with TEM: p < 0.01; with VEM: p < 0.01). Combination therapy significantly increased S. typhimurium A1-R tumor targeting alone (S. typhimurium A1-R + TEM: p < 0.01, S. typhimurium A1-R + VEM: p < 0.01), relative to S. typhimurium A1-R alone, respectively. In conclusion, chemotherapy drugs promoted targeting of S. typhimurium A1-R of melanoma, thereby enhancing efficacy against the melanoma PDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- f Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- f Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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20
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Coutermarsh-Ott SL, Broadway KM, Scharf BE, Allen IC. Effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009 and VNP20009 with restored chemotaxis on 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:33601-33613. [PMID: 28431394 PMCID: PMC5464893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of bacterial strains have been evaluated as bio-therapeutic and immunomodulatory agents to treat cancer. One such strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium VNP20009, which is attenuated by a purine auxotrophic mutation and modified lipid A, is characterized in previous models as a safely administered, tumor colonizing agent. However, earlier work tended to use less aggressive cancer cell lines and immunocompromised animal models. Here, we investigated the safety and efficacy of VNP20009 in a highly malignant murine model of human breast cancer. Additionally, as VNP20009 has recently been found to have a defective chemotaxis system, we tested whether restoring chemotaxis would improve anti-cancer properties in this model system. Exposure to VNP20009 had no significant effect on primary mammary tumor size or pulmonary metastasis, and the tumor colonizing process appeared chemotaxis independent. Moreover, tumor-bearing mice exposed to Salmonella exhibited increased morbidity that was associated with significant liver disease. Our results suggest that VNP20009 may not be safe or efficacious when used in aggressive, metastatic breast cancer models utilizing immunocompetent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L. Coutermarsh-Ott
- Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Birgit E. Scharf
- Virginia Tech, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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21
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Intra-arterial administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R regresses a cisplatin-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1164-1170. [PMID: 28494180 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1317417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was established with a lung metastasis from an osteosarcoma patient which developed after adjuvant cisplatinum (CDDP) treatment. In this model, we previously demonstrated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared with CDDP. In the present report, osteosarcoma tissue was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3; On day 14 after initiation of treatment, all but CDDP significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared with untreated controls. Control (G1): 793.7 ± 215.0 mm3; CDDP (G2): 588.1 ± 176.9 mm3; Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) intravenous (i.v.) (G3): 269.7 ± 72.7 mm3; S. typhimurium A1-R intra-arterial (i.a.) (G4): 70.2 ± 18.9 mm3 (CDDP: p = 0.056; S. typhimurium A1-R i.v.: p = 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R i.a.: p = 0.00003, all vs. untreated controls). i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either CDDP (p = 0.00007), or i.v. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.00007) and significantly regressed the tumor volume compared with day 0 (p = 0.001). The new model of i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R has great promise for the treatment of recalcitrant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- f Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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22
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Toxicology and efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R compared to VNP 20009 in a syngeneic mouse tumor model in immunocompetent mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54616-54628. [PMID: 28903369 PMCID: PMC5589608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) attenuated by leu and arg auxotrophy has been shown to target multiple types of cancer in mouse models. In the present study, toxicologic and biodistribution studies of tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R and S. typhimurium VNP20009 (VNP 20009) were performed in a syngeneic tumor model growing in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Single or multiple doses of S. typhimurium A1-R of 2.5 × 105 and 5 × 105 were tolerated. A single dose of 1 × 106 resulted in mouse death. S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 105 CFU) was eliminated from the circulation, liver and spleen approximately 3-5 days after bacterial administration via the tail vein, but remained in the tumor in high amounts. S. typhimurium A1-R was cleared from other organs much more rapidly. S. typhimurium A1-R and VNP 20009 toxicity to the spleen and liver was minimal. S. typhimurium A1-R showed higher selective targeting to the necrotic areas of the tumors than VNP20009. S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma to a greater extent at the same dose of VNP20009. In conclusion, we have determined a safe dose and schedule of S. typhimurium A1-R administration in BALB/c mice, which is also efficacious against tumor growth. The results of the present report indicate similar toxicity of S. typhimurium A1-R and VNP20009, but greater antitumor efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in an immunocompetent animal. Since VNP2009 has already proven safe in a Phase I clinical trial, the present results indicate the high clinical potential of S. typhimurium A1-R.
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23
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Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, DeLong JC, Lwin TM, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. The irony of highly-effective bacterial therapy of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of Ewing's sarcoma, which was blocked by Ewing himself 80 years ago. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1046-1052. [PMID: 28296559 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1304340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
William B. Coley developed bacterial therapy of cancer more than 100 years ago and had clinical success. James Ewing, a very famous cancer pathologist for whom the Ewing sarcoma is named, was Coley's boss at Memorial Hospital in New York and terminated Coley's bacterial therapy of cancer. A tumor from a patient with soft-tissue Ewing's sarcoma, who failed doxorubicin (DOX) therapy, was previously implanted in nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In the present study, the Ewing's sarcoma PDOX was treated with tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R expressing green fluorescent (GFP), alone and in combination with DOX. S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was detected in the tumors after intratumor (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. The combination of S. typhimurium A1-R and DOX significantly reduced tumor weight (37.8 ± 15.6 mg) compared to the untreated control (73.8 ± 10.1 mg, P < 0.01). S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy-treated tumors tended to be smaller (50.9 ± 17.8 mg, P = 0.051). DOX monotherapy did not show efficacy (66.3 ± 26.4 mg, P = 0.82), as was the case with the patient. The PDOX model faithfully replicated the DOX resistance the Ewing's sarcoma had in the patient. S. typhimurium A1-R converted the Ewing's sarcoma from DOX resistant to sensitive. One can only wonder how bacterial therapy and immunotherapy of cancer would have developed over the past 80 years if Ewing did not stop Coley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan C DeLong
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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24
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Tao F, Ruan S, Liu W, Wang L, Xiong Y, Shen M. Fuling Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, Suppresses Cell Proliferation and TGFβ-Induced EMT in Ovarian Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168892. [PMID: 28036353 PMCID: PMC5201296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound fuling granule (CFG) is a traditional Chinese drug which has been used to treat ovarian cancer in China for over twenty years. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer effect remains unclear. In this study, microarray data analysis was performed to search differentially expressed genes in CFG-treated ovarian cancer cells. Several cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes were identified. The microarray analyses also revealed that CFG potentially regulates EMT in ovarian cancer. We also found that, functionally, CFG significantly suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence and the AKT/GSK-3β pathway is possibly involved. Additionally, the invasion and migration ability of ovarian cancer induced by TGFβ is significantly suppressed by CFG. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CFG suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation as well as TGFβ1-induced EMT in vitro. Finally, we discovered that CFG suppresses tumor growth and distant metastasis in vivo. Overall, these findings provide helpful clues to design novel clinical treatments against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits human prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis in mouse models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31335-43. [PMID: 26431498 PMCID: PMC4741609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent occurrence in prostate cancer patients and often is lethal. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is often used for bone metastasis with limited efficacy. More effective models and treatment methods are required to improve the outcome of prostate cancer patients. In the present study, the effects of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R were analyzed in vitro and in vivo on prostate cancer cells and experimental bone metastasis. Both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells expressing red fluorescent protien in vitro. To investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R on prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis, we established models of both early and advanced stage bone metastasis. The mice were treated with ZOL, S. typhimurium A1-R, and combination therapy of both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R. ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of solitary bone metastases. S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly decreased bone metastasis and delayed the appearance of PC-3 bone metastases of multiple mouse models. Additionally, S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly improved the overall survival of the mice with multiple bone metastases. The results of the present study indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R is useful to prevent and inhibit prostate cancer bone metastasis and has potential for future clinical use in the adjuvant setting.
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26
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Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Therapeutic efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R on human colorectal cancer liver metastasis in orthotopic nude-mouse models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31368-77. [PMID: 26375054 PMCID: PMC4741612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the most frequent cause of death from colon and other cancers. Generally, liver metastasis is recalcitrant to treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R on liver metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. HT-29 human colon cancer cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were used in the present study. S. typhimurium A1-R infected HT-29 cells in a time-dependent manner, inhibiting cancer-cell proliferation in vitro. S. typhimurium A1-R promoted tumor necrosis and inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous tumor mouse model of HT-29-RFP. In orthotopic mouse models, S. typhimurium A1-R targeted liver metastases and significantly reduced their growth. The results of this study demonstrate the future clinical potential of S. typhimurium A1-R targeting of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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27
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Yamamoto M, Zhao M, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Shurell E, Eilber FC, Bouvet M, Noda M, Hoffman RM. Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting Salmonella A1-R on a Melanoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude-Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160882. [PMID: 27500926 PMCID: PMC4976963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium A1-R (Salmonella A1-R) had strong efficacy on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. GFP-expressing Salmonella A1-R highly and selectively colonized the PDOX melanoma and significantly suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.021). The combination of Salmonella A1-R and cisplatinum (CDDP), both at low-dose, also significantly suppressed the growth of the melanoma PDOX (P = 0.001). Salmonella A1-R has future clinical potential for combination chemotherapy with CDDP of melanoma, a highly-recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Shurell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Spontaneous regression of tumour and the role of microbial infection--possibilities for cancer treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:269-77. [PMID: 26813865 PMCID: PMC4777220 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the role of microorganisms in spontaneous regression of a tumour. Spontaneous cancer regression is a phenomenon that has been described for many centuries. One of the most well known methods of inducing spontaneous regression of cancer is the application of Coley's toxin (heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens), which has been used for the successful treatment of sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, myelomas and melanomas. In clinical practice, the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for the treatment of superficial urinary bladder cancer is the most common instance of the application of microorganisms for the treatment of cancer. This review provides further information on other tested bacteria--Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.--in this field of study. Among new age methods, bactofection, alternative gene therapy, combination bacteriolytic therapy and bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are some of the potential cancer treatment modalities that use microorganisms. We have also provided information about the interconnection among microorganisms, immune system response, and the possible mechanisms involved in the spontaneous regression of tumours.
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29
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Silva-Valenzuela CA, Desai PT, Molina-Quiroz RC, Pezoa D, Zhang Y, Porwollik S, Zhao M, Hoffman RM, Contreras I, Santiviago CA, McClelland M. Solid tumors provide niche-specific conditions that lead to preferential growth of Salmonella. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35169-80. [PMID: 27145267 PMCID: PMC5085218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic attenuated strains of Salmonella Typhimurium target and eradicate tumors in mouse models. However, the mechanism of S. Typhimurium for tumor targeting is still poorly understood. We performed a high-throughput screening of single-gene deletion mutants of S. Typhimurium in an orthotopic, syngeneic murine mammary model of breast cancer. The mutants under selection in this system were classified into functional categories to identify bacterial processes involved in Salmonella accumulation within tumors. Niche-specific genes involved in preferential tumor colonization were identified and exemplars were confirmed by competitive infection assays. Our results show that the chemotaxis gene cheY and the motility genes motAB confer an advantage for colonization of Salmonella within orthotopic syngeneic breast tumors. In addition, eutC, a gene belonging to the ethanolamine metabolic pathway, also confers an advantage for Salmonella within tumors, perhaps by exploiting either ethanolamine or an alternative nutrient in the inflamed tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Roberto C. Molina-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Current address: Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pezoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Inés Contreras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A. Santiviago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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30
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Zhao M, Hoffman RM. Comparison of the selective targeting efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and VNP20009 on the Lewis lung carcinoma in nude mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14625-31. [PMID: 25714030 PMCID: PMC4546492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium A1-R is auxotrophic for arg and leu, which attenuates growth in normal tissue but allows high tumor targeting and virulence. A1-R is effective against metastatic human prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer as well as osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and glioma in clinically-relevant mouse models. VNP20009 is also a genetically-modified strain of Salmonella typhimurium that has been tested in Phase I clinical trials, but is more attenuated than S. typhimurium A1-R and in addition of multiple amino-acid auxotrophs, is purine auxotropic with the purI mutation. In the present study, mouse Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing nude mouse models were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R or VNP20009. S. typhimurium A1-R and VNP20009 were both eliminated from the liver and spleen approximately 3-5 days after administration via the tail vein. However, A1-R showed higher tumor targeting and inhibited the Lewis lung carcinoma to a greater extent than VNP20009, with less body weight loss. The mice tolerated S. typhimurium A1-R to at a least 2-fold higher dose than VNP20009 when the bacteria were administered iv. The results of the present study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R has greater clinical potential than VNP20009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Yano S, Takehara K, Zhao M, Tan Y, Han Q, Li S, Bouvet M, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Tumor-specific cell-cycle decoy by Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with tumor-selective cell-cycle trap by methioninase overcome tumor intrinsic chemoresistance as visualized by FUCCI imaging. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1715-23. [PMID: 27152859 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1181240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported real-time monitoring of cell cycle dynamics of cancer cells throughout a live tumor intravitally using a fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). Approximately 90% of cancer cells in the center and 80% of total cells of an established tumor are in G0/G1 phase. Longitudinal real-time FUCCI imaging demonstrated that cytotoxic agents killed only proliferating cancer cells at the surface and, in contrast, and had little effect on the quiescent cancer cells. Resistant quiescent cancer cells restarted cycling after the cessation of chemotherapy. Thus cytotoxic chemotherapy which targets cells in S/G2/M, is mostly ineffective on solid tumors, but causes toxic side effects on tissues with high fractions of cycling cells, such as hair follicles, bone marrow and the intestinal lining. We have termed this phenomenon tumor intrinsic chemoresistance (TIC). We previously demonstrated that tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) decoyed quiescent cancer cells in tumors to cycle from G0/G1 to S/G2/M demonstrated by FUCCI imaging. We have also previously shown that when cancer cells were treated with recombinant methioninase (rMETase), the cancer cells were selectively trapped in S/G2, shown by cell sorting as well as by FUCCI. In the present study, we show that sequential treatment of FUCCI-expressing stomach cancer MKN45 in vivo with S. typhimurium A1-R to decoy quiescent cancer cells to cycle, with subsequent rMETase to selectively trap the decoyed cancer cells in S/G2 phase, followed by cisplatinum (CDDP) or paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy to kill the decoyed and trapped cancer cells completely prevented or regressed tumor growth. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the praradigm of "decoy, trap and shoot" chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yano
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Kiyoto Takehara
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
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32
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Matsumoto Y, Miwa S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Yano S, Uehara F, Yamamoto M, Hiroshima Y, Toneri M, Bouvet M, Matsubara H, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. Intraperitoneal administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits disseminated human ovarian cancer and extends survival in nude mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11369-77. [PMID: 25957417 PMCID: PMC4484462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal disseminated cancer is highly treatment resistant. We here report the efficacy of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in a nude mouse model of disseminated human ovarian cancer. The mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3-GFP. Seven days after implantation, mice were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R via intravenous (i.v.) or i.p. administration at the same dose, 5×107 CFU, once per week. Both i.v. and i.p. treatments effected prolonged survival compared with the untreated control group (P=0.025 and P<0.001, respectively). However, i.p. treatment was less toxic than i.v. treatment. Tumor-specific targeting of S. typhimurium A1-R was confirmed with bacterial culture from tumors and various organs and tumor or organ colony formation after i.v. or i.p. injection. Selective tumor targeting was most effective with i.p. administration. The results of the present study show S. typhimurium A1-R has promising clinical potential for disseminated ovarian cancer, especially via i.p. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Matsumoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Toneri
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Adjuvant treatment with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R reduces recurrence and increases survival after liver metastasis resection in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Oncotarget 2015; 6:41856-62. [PMID: 26497690 PMCID: PMC4747193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer liver metastasis is often the lethal aspect of this disease. Well-isolated metastases are candidates for surgical resection, but recurrence is common. Better adjuvant treatment is therefore needed to reduce or prevent recurrence. In the present study, HT-29 human colon cancer cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were used to establish liver metastases in nude mice. Mice with a single liver metastasis were randomized into bright-light surgery (BLS) or the combination of BLS and adjuvant treatment with tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R. Residual tumor fluorescence after BLS was clearly visualized at high magnification by fluorescence imaging. Adjuvant treatment with S. typhimurium A1-R was highly effective to increase survival and disease-free survival after BLS of liver metastasis. The results suggest the future clinical potential of adjuvant S. typhimurium A1-R treatment after liver metastasis resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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34
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Yano S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Hiroshima Y, Miwa S, Uehara F, Kishimoto H, Tazawa H, Bouvet M, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R decoys quiescent cancer cells to cycle as visualized by FUCCI imaging and become sensitive to chemotherapy. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3958-63. [PMID: 25483077 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.964115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells are resistant to cytotoxic agents which target only proliferating cancer cells. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (A1-R) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) imaging. A1-R infection of FUCCI-expressing subcutaneous tumors growing in nude mice also decoyed quiescent cancer cells, which were the majority of the cells in the tumors, to cycle from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, thereby making them sensitive to cytotoxic agents. The combination of A1-R and cisplatinum or paclitaxel reduced tumor size compared with A1-R monotherapy or cisplatinum or paclitaxel alone. The results of this study demonstrate that A1-R can decoy quiescent cancer cells to cycle to S/G2/M and sensitize them to cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results suggest a new paradigm of bacterial-decoy chemotherapy of cancer.
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35
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Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang N, Murakami T, Maawy A, Mii S, Uehara F, Yamamoto M, Miwa S, Yano S, Momiyama M, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in Combination with Trastuzumab Eradicates HER-2-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells in Patient-Derived Mouse Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120358. [PMID: 26047477 PMCID: PMC4457918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed mouse models of HER-2-positive cervical cancer. Tumors in nude mice had histological structures similar to the original tumor and were stained by anti-HER-2 antibody in the same pattern as the patient’s cancer. We have also previously developed tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and have demonstrated its efficacy against patient-derived tumor mouse models, both alone and in combination. In the current study, we determined the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in combination with trastuzumab on a patient-cancer nude-mouse model of HER-2 positive cervical cancer. Mice were randomized to 5 groups and treated as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) carboplatinum (30 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (3) trastuzumab (20 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (4) S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/body, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (5) S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/body, ip, weekly, 5 weeks) + trastuzumab (20 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks). All regimens had significant efficacy compared to the untreated mice. The relative tumor volume of S. typhimurium A1-R + trastuzumab-treated mice was smaller compared to trastuzumab alone (p = 0.007) and S. typhimurium A1-R alone (p = 0.039). No significant body weight loss was found compared to the no treatment group except for carboplatinum-treated mice (p = 0.021). Upon histological examination, viable tumor cells were not detected, and replaced by stromal cells in the tumors treated with S. typhimurium A1-R + trastuzumab. The results of the present study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R and trastuzumab in combination are highly effective against HER-2-expressing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Sato K, Hanaoka H, Watanabe R, Nakajima T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy in the treatment of disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:141-50. [PMID: 25416790 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of intravenously injected antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by photosensitizers after exposure to near infrared (NIR) light. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of NIR-PIT in a mouse model of disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted with a HER2-expressing, luciferase-expressing, ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-luc). An antibody-photosensitizer conjugate (APC) consisting of trastuzumab and a phthalocyanine dye, IRDye-700DX, was synthesized (tra-IR700) and cells or tumors were exposed to NIR light. In vitro PIT cytotoxicity was assessed with dead staining and luciferase activity in freely growing cells and in a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model. In vivo NIR-PIT was performed in mice with tumors implanted in the peritoneum and in the flank and these were assessed by tumor volume and/or bioluminescence. In vitro NIR-PIT-induced cytotoxicity was light dose dependent. Repeated light exposures induced complete tumor cell killing in the 3D spheroid model. In vivo the antitumor effects of NIR-PIT were confirmed by significant reductions in both tumor volume and luciferase activity in the flank model (NIR-PIT vs. control in tumor volume changes at day 10, P = 0.0001; NIR-PIT vs. control in luciferase activity at day 4, P = 0.0237), and the peritoneal model (NIR-PIT vs. control in luciferase activity at day 7, P = 0.0037). NIR-PIT provided effective cell killing in this HER2-positive model of disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer. Thus, NIR-PIT is a promising new therapy for the treatment of disseminated peritoneal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rira Watanabe
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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