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How Warburg-Associated Lactic Acidosis Rewires Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism to Resist Glucose Deprivation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051417. [PMID: 36900208 PMCID: PMC10000466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis, a hallmark of solid tumour microenvironment, originates from lactate hyperproduction and its co-secretion with protons by cancer cells displaying the Warburg effect. Long considered a side effect of cancer metabolism, lactic acidosis is now known to play a major role in tumour physiology, aggressiveness and treatment efficiency. Growing evidence shows that it promotes cancer cell resistance to glucose deprivation, a common feature of tumours. Here we review the current understanding of how extracellular lactate and acidosis, acting as a combination of enzymatic inhibitors, signal, and nutrient, switch cancer cell metabolism from the Warburg effect to an oxidative metabolic phenotype, which allows cancer cells to withstand glucose deprivation, and makes lactic acidosis a promising anticancer target. We also discuss how the evidence about lactic acidosis' effect could be integrated in the understanding of the whole-tumour metabolism and what perspectives it opens up for future research.
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2
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Development of stimulus-sensitive electrospun membranes based on novel biodegradable segmented polyurethane as triggered delivery system for doxorubicin. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212769. [PMID: 35929309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, redox-sensitive polyurethane urea (PUU) based electrospun membranes have been exploited to chemically tether a pH-sensitive doxorubicin derivative achieved by linking a lipoyl hydrazide to the drug via a hydrazone linkage. First, the lipoyl-hydrazone-doxorubicin derivative labelled as LA-Hy-Doxo has been synthesized and characterized. Then, the molecule has been tethered, via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction, to the redox-sensitive PUU (PolyCEGS) electrospun membrane. The redox-sensitive PolyCEGS PUU has been produced by using PCL-PEG-PCL polyol and glutathione-tetramethyl ester (GSSG-OMe)4 as a chain extender. The LA-Hy-Doxo tethered electrospun membrane has showed a dually controlled release triggered by acidic and reducing conditions, producing a significant cytotoxic effect in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) which has validated the system for the post-surgical treatment of solid tumors to contrast recurrence.
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3
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Conversion of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate in Breast Cancer Cells Depends on Their Malignancy, Metabolic Program and Nutrient Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071845. [PMID: 35406616 PMCID: PMC8997828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technology for characterizing tumors in vivo based on their metabolic activities. The conversion rates (kpl) of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate depend on monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); these are also indicators of tumor malignancy. An unresolved issue is how glucose and glutamine availability in the tumor microenvironment affects metabolic characteristics of the cancer and how this relates to kpl-values. Two breast cancer cells of different malignancy (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) were cultured in media containing defined combinations of low glucose (1 mM; 2.5 mM) and glutamine (0.1 mM; 1 mM) and analyzed for pyruvate uptake, intracellular metabolite levels, LDH and pyruvate kinase activities, and 13C6-glucose-derived metabolomics. The results show variability of kpl with the different glucose/glutamine conditions, congruent with glycolytic activity, but not with LDH activity or the Warburg effect; this suggests metabolic compartmentation. Remarkably, kpl-values were almost two-fold higher in MCF-7 than in the more malignant MDA-MB-231 cells, the latter showing a higher flux of 13C-glucose-derived pyruvate to the TCA-cycle metabolites 13C2-citrate and 13C3-malate, i.e., pyruvate decarboxylation and carboxylation, respectively. Thus, MRS with hyperpolarized [1-13C-pyruvate] is sensitive to both the metabolic program and the nutritional state of cancer cells.
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4
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Wang X, Liu H, Ni Y, Shen P, Han X. Lactate shuttle: from substance exchange to regulatory mechanism. Hum Cell 2021; 35:1-14. [PMID: 34606041 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactate, as the product of glycolytic metabolism and the substrate of energy metabolism, is an intermediate link between cancer cell and tumor microenvironment metabolism. The exchange of lactate between the two cells via mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) is known as the lactate shuttle in cancer. Lactate shuttle is the core of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming between two cells such as aerobic cancer cells and hypoxic cancer cells, tumor cells and stromal cells, cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Cancer cells absorb lactate by mono-carboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and convert lactate to pyruvate via intracellular lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) to maintain their growth and metabolism. Since lactate shuttle may play a critical role in energy metabolism of cancer cells, components related to lactate shuttle may be a crucial target for tumor antimetabolic therapy. In this review, we describe the lactate shuttle in terms of both substance exchange and regulatory mechanisms in cancer. Meanwhile, we summarize the difference of key proteins of lactate shuttle in common types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yingqian Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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5
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Otto AM. Metabolic Constants and Plasticity of Cancer Cells in a Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Microenvironment-A Pyruvate Perspective. Front Oncol 2020; 10:596197. [PMID: 33425750 PMCID: PMC7793857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer cells is an issue of dealing with fluctuating and limiting levels of nutrients in a precarious microenvironment to ensure their vitality and propagation. Glucose and glutamine are central metabolites for catabolic and anabolic metabolism, which is in the limelight of numerous diagnostic methods and therapeutic targeting. Understanding tumor metabolism in conditions of nutrient depletion is important for such applications and for interpreting the readouts. To exemplify the metabolic network of tumor cells in a model system, the fate 13C6-glucose was tracked in a breast cancer cell line growing in variable low glucose/low glutamine conditions. 13C-glucose-derived metabolites allowed to deduce the engagement of metabolic pathways, namely glycolysis, the TCA-cycle including glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis, amino acid synthesis (serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate), gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate replenishment. While the metabolic program did not change, limiting glucose and glutamine supply reduced cellular metabolite levels and enhanced pyruvate recycling as well as pyruvate carboxylation for entry into the TCA-cycle. Otherwise, the same metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, were similarly engaged with physiologically saturating as with limiting glucose and glutamine. Therefore, the metabolic plasticity in precarious nutritional microenvironment does not require metabolic reprogramming, but is based on dynamic changes in metabolite quantity, reaction rates, and directions of the existing metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Otto
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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6
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Wilk A, Hayat F, Cunningham R, Li J, Garavaglia S, Zamani L, Ferraris DM, Sykora P, Andrews J, Clark J, Davis A, Chaloin L, Rizzi M, Migaud M, Sobol RW. Extracellular NAD + enhances PARP-dependent DNA repair capacity independently of CD73 activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:651. [PMID: 31959836 PMCID: PMC6971268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels that compromise mitochondrial function trigger release of DNA damaging reactive oxygen species. NAD+ levels also affect DNA repair capacity as NAD+ is a substrate for PARP-enzymes (mono/poly-ADP-ribosylation) and sirtuins (deacetylation). The ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73, an ectoenzyme highly expressed in cancer, is suggested to regulate intracellular NAD+ levels by processing NAD+ and its bio-precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from tumor microenvironments, thereby enhancing tumor DNA repair capacity and chemotherapy resistance. We therefore investigated whether expression of CD73 impacts intracellular NAD+ content and NAD+-dependent DNA repair capacity. Reduced intracellular NAD+ levels suppressed recruitment of the DNA repair protein XRCC1 to sites of genomic DNA damage and impacted the amount of accumulated DNA damage. Further, decreased NAD+ reduced the capacity to repair DNA damage induced by DNA alkylating agents. Overall, reversal of these outcomes through NAD+ or NMN supplementation was independent of CD73. In opposition to its proposed role in extracellular NAD+ bioprocessing, we found that recombinant human CD73 only poorly processes NMN but not NAD+. A positive correlation between CD73 expression and intracellular NAD+ content could not be made as CD73 knockout human cells were efficient in generating intracellular NAD+ when supplemented with NAD+ or NMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Leila Zamani
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Sykora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Amelia Technologies, 14676 Rothgeb Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Clark
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Laurent Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marie Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
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7
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Gkiouli M, Biechl P, Eisenreich W, Otto AM. Diverse Roads Taken by 13C-Glucose-Derived Metabolites in Breast Cancer Cells Exposed to Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Conditions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101113. [PMID: 31547005 PMCID: PMC6829299 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancers, tumor cells are exposed to fluctuating nutrient microenvironments with limiting supplies of glucose and glutamine. While the metabolic program has been related to the expression of oncogenes, only fractional information is available on how variable precarious nutrient concentrations modulate the cellular levels of metabolites and their metabolic pathways. We thus sought to obtain an overview of the metabolic routes taken by 13C-glucose-derived metabolites in breast cancer MCF-7 cells growing in combinations of limiting glucose and glutamine concentrations. Isotopologue profiles of key metabolites were obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). They revealed that in limiting and standard saturating medium conditions, the same metabolic routes were engaged, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, as well as the TCA cycle with glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis. However, the cellular levels of 13C-metabolites, for example, serine, alanine, glutamate, malate, and aspartate, were highly sensitive to the available concentrations and the ratios of glucose and glutamine. Notably, intracellular lactate concentrations did not reflect the Warburg effect. Also, isotopologue profiles of 13C-serine as well as 13C-alanine show that the same glucose-derived metabolites are involved in gluconeogenesis and pyruvate replenishment. Thus, anaplerosis and the bidirectional flow of central metabolic pathways ensure metabolic plasticity for adjusting to precarious nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gkiouli
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Philipp Biechl
- Munich School of BioEngineering, and Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Angela M Otto
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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8
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De Rose F, Braeuer M, Braesch-Andersen S, Otto AM, Steiger K, Reder S, Mall S, Nekolla S, Schwaiger M, Weber WA, Bartolazzi A, D'Alessandria C. Galectin-3 Targeting in Thyroid Orthotopic Tumors Opens New Ways to Characterize Thyroid Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:770-776. [PMID: 30361380 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.219105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative characterization of thyroid nodules is challenging since thyroid scintigraphy fails to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is expressed in well-differentiated and in undifferentiated thyroid cancer types but not in normal thyrocytes and benign thyroid lesions. Herein, we aimed to validate gal-3 targeting as a specific method to detect non-radioiodine-avid thyroid cancer in thyroid orthotopic tumor models. Methods: Papillary (BcPAP) and anaplastic (CAL62 and FRO82-1) thyroid carcinoma cell lines were characterized via Western blot and polymerase chain reaction for gal-3 and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) expression. An 89Zr-labeled F(ab')2 antigal-3 was generated and characterized for binding versus 125I on 2- and 3-dimensional cell cultures. The thyroid carcinoma cells were inoculated into the left thyroid lobe of athymic nude mice, and the orthotopic tumor growth was monitored via ultrasound and fluorescence molecular tomography. Head-to-head PET/CT comparison of 124I versus 89Zr-deferoxamine (DFO)-F(ab')2 antigal-3 was performed, followed by biodistribution studies and immunohistochemical analysis for gal-3 and NIS expression. Results: The thyroid carcinoma cells investigated were invariably gal-3-positive while presenting low or lost NIS expression. 89Zr-DFO-F(ab')2 antigal-3 tracer showed high affinity to gal-3 (dissociation constant, ∼3.9 nM) and retained immunoreactivity (>75%) on 2-dimensional cell cultures and on tumor spheroids. 125I internalization in FRO82-1, BcPAP, and CAL62 was directly dependent on NIS expression, both in 2-dimensional and tumor spheroids. PET/CT imaging showed 89Zr-DFO-F(ab')2 antigal-3 signal associated with the orthotopically implanted tumors only; no signal was detected in the tumor-free thyroid lobe. Conversely, PET imaging using 124I showed background accumulation in tumor-infiltrated lobe, a condition simulating the presence of non-radioiodine-avid thyroid cancer nodules, and high accumulation in normal thyroid lobe. Imaging data were confirmed by tracer biodistribution studies and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: A specific and selective visualization of thyroid tumor by targeting gal-3 was demonstrated in the absence of radioiodine uptake. Translation of this method into the clinical setting promises to improve the management of patients by avoiding the use of unspecific imaging methodologies and reducing unnecessary thyroid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Rose
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Miriam Braeuer
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Angela M Otto
- Munich School of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Comparative Experimental Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sybille Reder
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Mall
- III, Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stephan Nekolla
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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9
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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10
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Koshkin V, Ailles LE, Liu G, Krylov SN. Metabolic Suppression of a Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in Cancer Spheroid Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:59-65. [PMID: 26054050 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of metabolic features which distinguish cancer cells from their non-malignant counterparts is a promising approach to cancer treatment. Energy support for drug extrusion in multidrug resistance (MDR) is a potential target for metabolic inhibition. Two major sources of ATP-based metabolic energy are partial (glycolysis) and complete (mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) oxidation of metabolic fuels. In cancer cells, the balance between them tends to be shifted toward glycolysis; this shift is considered to be characteristic of the cancer metabolic phenotype. Numerous earlier studies, conducted with cells cultured in a monolayer (2-D model), suggested inhibition of glycolytic ATP production as an efficient tool to suppress MDR in cancer cells. Yet, more recent work challenged the appropriateness of the 2-D model for such studies and suggested that a more clinically relevant approach would utilize a more advanced cellular model such as a 3-D model. Here, we show that the transition from the 2-D model (cultured monolayer) to a 3-D model (cultured spheroids) introduces essential changes into the concept of energetic suppression of MDR. The 3-D cell organization leads to the formation of a discrete cell subpopulation (not formed in the 2-D model) with elevated MDR transport capacity. This subpopulation has a specific metabolic phenotype (mixed glycolytic/oxidative MDR support) different from that of cells cultured in the 2-D model. Finally, the shift to the oxidative phenotype becomes greater when the spheroids are grown under conditions of lactic acidosis that are typical for solid tumors. The potential clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Laurie E Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, N5G 1L7
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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11
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Alfarouk KO, Verduzco D, Rauch C, Muddathir AK, Adil HHB, Elhassan GO, Ibrahim ME, David Polo Orozco J, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Harguindey S. Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question. Oncoscience 2014; 1:777-802. [PMID: 25621294 PMCID: PMC4303887 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire an unusual glycolytic behavior relative, to a large extent, to their intracellular alkaline pH (pHi). This effect is part of the metabolic alterations found in most, if not all, cancer cells to deal with unfavorable conditions, mainly hypoxia and low nutrient supply, in order to preserve its evolutionary trajectory with the production of lactate after ten steps of glycolysis. Thus, cancer cells reprogram their cellular metabolism in a way that gives them their evolutionary and thermodynamic advantage. Tumors exist within a highly heterogeneous microenvironment and cancer cells survive within any of the different habitats that lie within tumors thanks to the overexpression of different membrane-bound proton transporters. This creates a highly abnormal and selective proton reversal in cancer cells and tissues that is involved in local cancer growth and in the metastatic process. Because of this environmental heterogeneity, cancer cells within one part of the tumor may have a different genotype and phenotype than within another part. This phenomenon has frustrated the potential of single-target therapy of this type of reductionist therapeutic approach over the last decades. Here, we present a detailed biochemical framework on every step of tumor glycolysis and then proposea new paradigm and therapeutic strategy based upon the dynamics of the hydrogen ion in cancer cells and tissues in order to overcome the old paradigm of one enzyme-one target approach to cancer treatment. Finally, a new and integral explanation of the Warburg effect is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Unizah Pharmacy Collage, Qassim University, Unizah, AL-Qassim, King of Saudi Arabia
- Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
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12
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Avagliano A, Ruocco MR, Aliotta F, Belviso I, Accurso A, Masone S, Montagnani S, Arcucci A. Power in nursing: a collaborative approach. Nurs Outlook 1984; 8:cells8050401. [PMID: 31052256 PMCID: PMC6562467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers are very heterogeneous tissues with several cell types and metabolic pathways together sustaining the initiation and progression of disease and contributing to evasion from cancer therapies. Furthermore, breast cancer cells have an impressive metabolic plasticity that is regulated by the heterogeneous tumour microenvironment through bidirectional interactions. The structure and accessibility of nutrients within this unstable microenvironment influence the metabolism of cancer cells that shift between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In this scenario, the mitochondrial energetic pathways of cancer cells can be reprogrammed to modulate breast cancer’s progression and aggressiveness. Moreover, mitochondrial alterations can lead to crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, and subsequently affect cancer tissue properties. This article reviewed the metabolic plasticity of breast cancer cells, focussing mainly on breast cancer mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and the mitochondrial alterations influencing nuclear pathways. Finally, the therapeutic strategies targeting molecules and pathways regulating cancer mitochondrial alterations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Aliotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonello Accurso
- Department of General, Oncological, Bariatric and Endocrine-Metabolic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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