1
|
Comparative genomic analysis of hyper-ammonia producing Acetoanaerobium sticklandii DSM 519 with purinolytic Gottschalkia acidurici 9a and pathogenic Peptoclostridium difficile 630. Genomics 2021; 113:4196-4205. [PMID: 34780936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetoanaerobium sticklandii DSM519 (CST) is a hype-ammonia producing non-pathogenic anaerobe that can use amino acids as important carbon and energy sources through the Stickland reactions. Biochemical aspects of this organism have been extensively studied, but systematic studies addressing its metabolic discrepancy remain scant. In this perspective, we have intensively analyzed its genomic and metabolic characteristics to comprehend the evolutionary conservation of amino acid catabolism by a comparative genomic approach. The whole-genome data indicated that CST has shown a phylogenomic similarity with hyper-ammonia producing, purinolytic, and proteolytic pathogenic Clostridia. CST has shown to common genomic context sharing across the purinolytic Gottschalkia acidurici 9a and pathogenic Peptoclostridium difficile 630. Genome syntenic analysis described that syntenic orthologs might be originated from the recent ancestor at a slow evolution rate and syntenic-out paralogs evolved from either CDF or CAC via α-event and β-event. Collinearity of either gene orders or gene families was adjusted with syntenic out-paralogs across these genomes. The genome-wide metabolic analysis predicted 11 unique putative metabolic subsystems from the CST genome for amino acid catabolism and hydrogen production. The in silico analysis of our study revealed that a characteristic system for amino acid catabolism-directed biofuel synthesis might have slowly evolved and established as a core genomic content of CST.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen C, Huang FW, Huang SS, Huang JS. IGFBP-3 and TGF-β inhibit growth in epithelial cells by stimulating type V TGF-β receptor (TβR-V)-mediated tumor suppressor signaling. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:709-729. [PMID: 34485840 PMCID: PMC8409558 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β type V receptor (TβR-V) mediates growth inhibition by IGFBP-3 and TGF-β in epithelial cells and loss of TβR-V expression in these cells leads to development of carcinoma. The mechanisms by which TβR-V mediates growth inhibition (tumor suppressor) signaling remain elusive. Previous studies revealed that IGFBP-3 and TGF-β inhibit growth in epithelial cells by stimulating TβR-V-mediated IRS-1/2-dependent activation and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of IGFBP-3- or TGF-β-stimulated protein phosphatase (PPase), resulting in dephosphorylation of pRb-related proteins (p107, p130) or pRb, and growth arrest. To define the signaling, we characterized/identified the IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPases in cell lysates and nucleus fractions in Mv1Lu cells treated with IGFBP-3 and TGF-β, using a cell-free assay with 32P-labeled casein as a substrate. Both IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPase activities in cell lysates are abolished when cells are co-treated with TGF-β/IGFBP-3 antagonist or RAP (LRP-1/TβR-V antagonist). However, the IGFBP-3-stimulated PPase activity, but not TGF-β-stimulated PPase activity, is sensitive to inhibition by okadaic acid (OA). In addition, OA or PP2Ac siRNA reverses IGFBP-3 growth inhibition, but not TGF-β growth inhibition, in Mv1Lu and 32D cells. These suggest that IGFBP-3- and TGF-β-stimulated PPases are identical to PP2A and PP1, respectively. By Western blot/phosphorimager/immunofluorescence-microscopy analyses, IGFBP-3 and TGF-β stimulate TβR-V-mediated IRS-2-dependent activation and cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of PP2Ac and PP1c, resulting in dephosphorylation of p130/p107 and pRb, respectively, and growth arrest. Small molecule TGF-β enhancers, which potentiate TGF-β growth inhibition by enhancing TβR-I-TβR-II-mediated canonical signaling and thus activating TβR-V-mediated tumor suppressor signaling cascade (TβR-V/IRS-2/PP1/pRb), could be used to prevent and treat carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lin Chen
- Department of Biological ScienceNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Franklin W. Huang
- Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Jung San Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maternal Ethanol Exposure Acutely Elevates Src Family Kinase Activity in the Fetal Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5210-5223. [PMID: 34272687 PMCID: PMC8497457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is characterized by disrupted fetal brain development and postnatal cognitive impairment. The targets of alcohol are diverse, and it is not clear whether there are common underlying molecular mechanisms producing these disruptions. Prior work established that acute ethanol exposure causes a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins in cultured embryonic cortical cells. In this study, we show that a similar tyrosine phosphorylation transient occurs in the fetal brain after maternal dosing with ethanol. Using phospho-specific antibodies and immunohistochemistry, we mapped regions of highest tyrosine phosphorylation in the fetal cerebral cortex and found that areas of dendritic and axonal growth showed elevated tyrosine phosphorylation 10 min after maternal ethanol exposure. These were also areas of Src expression and Src family kinase (SFK) activation loop phosphorylation (pY416) expression. Importantly, maternal pretreatment with the SFK inhibitor dasatinib completely prevents both the pY416 increase and the tyrosine phosphorylation response. The phosphorylation response was observed in the perisomatic region and neurites of immature migrating and differentiating primary neurons. Importantly, the initial phosphotyrosine transient (~ 30 min) targets both Src and Dab1, two critical elements in Reelin signaling, a pathway required for normal cortical development. This initial phosphorylation response is followed by sustained reduction in Ser3 phosphorylation of n-cofilin, a critical actin severing protein and an identified downstream effector of Reelin signaling. This biochemical disruption is associated with sustained reduction of F-actin content and disrupted Golgi apparatus morphology in developing cortical neurons. The finding outlines a model in which the initial activation of SFKs by ethanol has the potential to disrupt multiple developmentally important signaling systems for several hours after maternal exposure.
Collapse
|
4
|
Intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys fed diets supplemented with different sources and levels of zinc. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticales (NP-ZnO) as a substitute for the conventional ZnO affects the intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys. The replacement of ZnO with NP-ZnO had no effect on the intestinal digestibility of Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca, whereas the lowest dose of supplemental Zn reduced Zn digestibility. The applied inclusion levels and sources of Zn had no effect on the growth performance (except the feed intake) of turkeys, including liveability. No differences in the relative weights of the heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except the liver), or the weights of the femur and tibia were found between the dietary treatments. Neither the dose nor the source of supplemental Zn influenced carcass dressing percentage or the share of breast, thigh and drumstick muscles in the carcass. In comparison with the highest and moderate doses of Zn, the lowest inclusion level of Zn contributed to increased yellowness of breast meat (P=0.005). The analyzed doses and sources of supplemental Zn exerted varied effects on the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat. In conclusion, the growth performance of turkeys, carcass yield and composition as well as the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat were generally similar, regardless of the dietary source and level of Zn. The beneficial effect of Zn addition at 100 mg/kg was improved Zn and Ca digestibility, and increased redness of breast meat.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu M, Ni H, Tao J, Xie K. Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Modulation Using Absolute Ethanol for the Treatment of Primary Lower-Extremity Hyperhidrosis: A Dose-Effect Pilot Study. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928209. [PMID: 33434188 PMCID: PMC7812694 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary lower-extremity hyperhidrosis (PLEH) can be treated by CT-guided lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation using absolute ethanol. However, doses of ethanol that are too high can cause nerve injury, and doses that are too low have suboptimal results. The present study aimed to investigate the dose-effect relationship of CT-guided lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation with absolute ethanol for PLEH. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University between 07/2014 and 02/2017. Twenty participants were enrolled in each group. The doses of absolute ethanol were 2.0 ml in the R₁ group, 2.5 ml in the R₂ group, 3.0 ml in the R₃ group, 3.5 ml in the R₄ group, and 4.0 ml in the R₅ group. Treatment effectiveness was assessed according to the time to complete hyperhidrosis relief: <10 min, effective; ≥10 min, non-effective. RESULTS The patient characteristics among the 5 groups were not statistically different (P>0.05). The onset time and time to complete hyperhidrosis relief decreased significantly with increasing dose of absolute ethanol (P<0.05). The effective rates in the 5 groups were 15.0%, 35.0%, 60.0%, 90.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ were 2.306 ml (95% CI: 2.003-2.512 ml) and 3.343 ml (95% CI: 3.051-3.962 ml), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This was the first dose-effect pilot study of consecutive PLEH patients treated by CT-guided lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation. CT-guided lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation with 2.306 ml (ED₅₀) and 3.343 ml (ED₉₅) of absolute ethanol showed treatment efficacy for PLEH. No complications were seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiachun Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Keyue Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang CY, Chung CL, Hu TH, Chen JJ, Liu PF, Chen CL. Recent progress in TGF-β inhibitors for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111046. [PMID: 33341049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in proliferation, metastasis, and many other important processes in malignancy. Inhibitors targeting TGF-β have been considered by pharmaceutical companies for cancer therapy, and some of them are in clinical trial now. Unfortunately, several of these programs have recently been relinquished, and most companies that remain in the contest are progressing slowly and cautiously. This review summarizes the TGF-β signal transduction pathway, its roles in oncogenesis and fibrotic diseases, and advancements in antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors of TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ling Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ROC; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng K, Yu J, Chen Z, Zhou R, Lin C, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yu L, Zhao L, Wang Q. Ethanol promotes alcohol-related colorectal cancer metastasis via the TGF-β/RUNX3/Snail axis by inducing TGF-β1 upregulation and RUNX3 cytoplasmic mislocalization. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:224-237. [PMID: 31757777 PMCID: PMC6921366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake is a well-known lifestyle risk factor for CRC, and an increasing number of studies have revealed that alcohol intake is also tightly associated with CRC metastasis. However, the effect of alcohol on CRC metastasis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate the characteristics of patients with alcohol-related CRC. The effects of ethanol on the biological behaviours of CRC cells were assessed through in vivo and in vitro assays using the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet and ethanol, respectively. The ethanol-mediated signalling pathway and downstream factors were screened through ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. FINDINGS Most patients with alcohol-related CRC, particularly those with tumour metastasis, were characterized by a notably higher circulating ethanol level and a lower systemic acetaldehyde level. Moreover, CRC cells accumulated in ethanol, but not acetaldehyde, to notably higher levels compared with adjacent normal cells. Alcohol intake significantly promoted CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-β/Smad/Snail axis, and ethanol induced the cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 and further promoted the aggressiveness of CRC by targeting Snail. Pirfenidone (PFD) significantly eliminated the effects of ethanol on CRC metastasis by specifically blocking TGF-β signalling. INTERPRETATION Alcohol intake plays a vital role in CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-β/RUNX3/Snail axis, and PFD might be a novel therapeutic management strategy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Zheng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oikonomou E, Lazaros G, Tsalamandris S, Vogiatzi G, Christoforatou E, Papakonstantinou M, Goliopoulou A, Tousouli M, Chasikidis C, Tousoulis D. Reply: Possible Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Aortic Dilatation by Inducing the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System. Angiology 2019; 70:980-981. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319719865671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsalamandris
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Christoforatou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Margenti Papakonstantinou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tousouli
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caveolin-1 as a critical component in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis of different etiology: Evidences and mechanisms. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104315. [PMID: 31629729 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin is a structural protein of flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane termed as caveolae and is widely expressed on the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the different parts of the body including the lung tissues. The expression of caveolin-1 in the lung tissues is important to prevent the fibrogenic actions of TGF-β1 in lung fibrosis of different etiology including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease and allergen-induced airway remodeling. Caveolin-1-mediated internalization and degradation of TGF-β1 receptors may possibly account for the decreased actions of TGF-β1. Studies have shown that the deficiency of caveolin-1 is very important in inducing lung fibrosis and its upregulation is reported to prevent lung fibrosis. The biological actions of caveolin-1 involve signaling pathways including JNK signaling, IL-4, STAT-3, miR199a-5p, CXCR4+ and CXCL12. The present review discusses the key role of caveolin and associated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis of different etiology.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hicks SD, Miller MW. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in neural stem cells is transforming growth factor β1-dependent. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:214-225. [PMID: 30853389 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Following neurotoxic damage, cells repair their DNA, and survive or undergo apoptosis. This study tests the hypothesis that ethanol induces a DNA damage response (DDR) in neural stem cells (NSCs) that promotes excision repair (ER) and this repair is influenced by the growth factor environment. Non-immortalized NSCs treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 or transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 were exposed to ethanol. Ethanol increased total DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oxidized DNA bases. TGFβ1 potentiated these toxic effects. Transcriptional analyses of cultured NSCs revealed ethanol-induced increases in transcripts related to the DDR (e.g., Hus1 and p53), base ER (e.g., Mutyh and Nthl1), and nucleotide ER (e.g., Xpc), particularly in the presence of TGFβ1. Expression and activity of ER proteins were affected by ethanol. Similar changes occurred in proliferating cells of ethanol-treated mouse fetuses. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in NSCs depends on the ambient growth factors. Gene products for DNA repair in stem cells are among the first biomarkers identifying fetal alcohol-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hicks
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Anatomy, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu S, Hou H, Zhang P, Wu Y, He X, Li H, Yan N. Sphingomyelin synthase 1 regulates the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition mediated by the TGF‑β/Smad pathway in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1159-1167. [PMID: 30535436 PMCID: PMC6323219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and a leading cause of cancer‑associated mortalities in the world. Epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an important role in the process of metastasis and invasive ability in cancer cells, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) have been investigated for promoting EMT. However, in the present study, the role of the sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) in TGF‑β1‑induced EMT development was investigated. Firstly, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of SMS1 negatively regulated the TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) level of expression. Subsequently, the expression of SMS1 was decreased, whereas, SMS2 had no significant difference when MDA‑MB‑231 cells were treated by TGF‑β1 for 72 h. Furthermore, the present study constructed an overexpression cells model of SMS1 and these cells were treated by TGF‑β1. These results demonstrated that overexpression of SMS1 inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced EMT and the migration and invasion of MDA‑MB‑231 cells, increasing the expression of E‑cadherin while decreasing the expression of vimentin. Furthermore, the present study further confirmed that SMS1 overexpression could decrease TβRI expression levels and blocked smad family member 2 phosphorylation. Overall, the present results suggested that SMS1 could inhibit EMT and the migration and invasion of MDA‑MB‑231 cells via TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Huan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuanhong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang SS, Liu IH, Chen CL, Chang JM, Johnson FE, Huang JS. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), But Not Cholesterol, Causes Suppression of Canonical TGF-β Signaling and Is Likely Involved in the Development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1387-1400. [PMID: 27862220 PMCID: PMC6123222 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, cholesterol has been thought to cause ASCVD. Limiting dietary cholesterol intake has been recommended to reduce the risk of the disease. However, several recent epidemiological studies do not support a relationship between dietary cholesterol and/or blood cholesterol and ASCVD. Consequently, the role of cholesterol in atherogenesis is now uncertain. Much evidence indicates that TGF-β, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, protects against ASCVD and that suppression of canonical TGF-β signaling (Smad2-dependent) is involved in atherogenesis. We had hypothesized that cholesterol causes ASCVD by suppressing canonical TGF-β signaling in vascular endothelium. To test this hypothesis, we determine the effects of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC; the biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol), and other sterols on canonical TGF-β signaling. We use Mv1Lu cells (a model cell system for studying TGF-β activity) stably expressing the Smad2-dependent luciferase reporter gene. We demonstrate that 7-DHC (but not cholesterol or other sterols) effectively suppresses the TGF-β-stimulated luciferase activity. We also demonstrate that 7-DHC suppresses TGF-β-stimulated luciferase activity by promoting lipid raft/caveolae formation and subsequently recruiting cell-surface TGF-β receptors from non-lipid raft microdomains to lipid rafts/caveolae where TGF-β receptors become inactive in transducing canonical signaling and undergo rapid degradation upon TGF-β binding. We determine this by cell-surface 125 I-TGF-β-cross-linking and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. We further demonstrate that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a sterol-chelating agent, reverses 7-DHC-induced suppression of TGF-β-stimulated luciferase activity by extrusion of 7-DHC from resident lipid rafts/caveolae. These results suggest that 7-DHC, but not cholesterol, promotes lipid raft/caveolae formation, leading to suppression of canonical TGF-β signaling and atherogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1387-1400, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank E. Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University Medical Center, 3635 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jung San Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pentabromophenol suppresses TGF-β signaling by accelerating degradation of type II TGF-β receptors via caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43206. [PMID: 28230093 PMCID: PMC5322341 DOI: 10.1038/srep43206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentabromophenol (PBP), a brominated flame retardant (BFR), is widely used in various consumer products. BFRs exert adverse health effects such as neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting effects. In this study, we found that PBP suppressed TGF-β response by accelerating the turnover rate of TGF-β receptors. PBP suppressed TGF-β-mediated cell migration, PAI-1 promoter-driven reporter gene activation, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation in various cell types. Furthermore, PBP abolished TGF-β-mediated repression of E-cadherin expression, in addition to the induction of vimentin expression and N-cadherin and fibronectin upregulation, thus blocking TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in A549 and NMuMG cells. However, this inhibition was not observed with other congeners such as tribromophenol and triiodophenol. TGF-β superfamily members play key roles in regulating various biological processes including cell proliferation and migration as well as cancer development and progression. The results of this in vitro study provide a basis for studies on the detailed relationship between PBP and modulation of TGF-β signalling. Because PBP is similar to other BFRs such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), additional laboratory and mechanistic studies should be performed to examine BFRs as potential risk factors for tumorigenesis and other TGF-β-related diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ayers-Ringler JR, Oliveros A, Qiu Y, Lindberg DM, Hinton DJ, Moore RM, Dasari S, Choi DS. Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Protein Changes in the Striatum during Chronic Ethanol Use and Early Withdrawal. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 27014007 PMCID: PMC4786553 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal signaling changes in alcohol addiction and withdrawal are complex and multifaceted. The cortico-striatal circuit is highly implicated in these processes, and the striatum plays a significant role not only in the early stages of addiction, but in the developed-addictive state as well, including withdrawal symptoms. Transcriptional analysis is a useful method for determining changes in gene expression, however, the results do not always accurately correlate with protein levels. In this study, we employ label-free proteomic analysis to determine changes in protein expression within the striatum during chronic ethanol use and early withdrawal. The striatum, composed primarily of medium spiny GABAergic neurons, glutamatergic and dopaminergic nerve terminals and astrocytes, is relatively homogeneous for proteomic analysis. We were able to analyze more than 5000 proteins from both the dorsal (caudate and putamen) and ventral (nucleus accumbens) striatum and identified significant changes following chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and acute (8 h) withdrawal compared to ethanol naïve and ethanol exposure groups respectively. Our results showed significant changes in proteins involved in glutamate and opioid peptide signaling, and also uncovered novel pathways including mitochondrial function and lipid/cholesterol metabolism, as revealed by changes in electron transport chain proteins and RXR activation pathways. These results will be useful in the development of novel treatments for alcohol withdrawal and thereby aid in recovery from alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel M Lindberg
- Neurobiology of Disease PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Neurobiology of Disease PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raymond M Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Neurobiology of Disease PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|