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Wang Y, Fang N, Wang Y, Geng Y, Li Y. Activating MC4R Promotes Functional Recovery by Repressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated AIM2 Activation Post-spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6101-6118. [PMID: 38277117 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological trauma that induces permanent sensory and motor impairment as well as a deficit in autonomic physiological function. Melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a G protein-linked receptor that is extensively expressed in the neural system and contributes to inhibiting inflammation, regulating mitochondrial function, and inducing programmed cell death. However, the effect of MC4R in the modulation of oxidative stress and whether this mechanism is related to the role of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in SCI are not confirmed yet. In the current study, we demonstrated that MC4R is significantly increased in the neurons of spinal cords after trauma and oxidative stimulation of cells. Further, activation of MC4R by RO27-3225 effectively improved functional recovery, inhibited AIM2 activation, maintained mitochondrial homeostasis, repressed oxidative stress, and prevented Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria. Meanwhile, treating Drp1 inhibitors would be beneficial in reducing AIM2 activation, and activating AIM2 could abolish the protective effect of MC4R on neuron homeostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MC4R protects against neural injury through a novel process by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, as well as AIM2 activation, which may serve as an available candidate for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nongtao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang Y, Li S, Nie H, Wang X, Li X, Wen J, Li M, Song Y. The rs17782313 polymorphism near MC4R gene confers a high risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, while PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210455. [PMID: 37621650 PMCID: PMC10445758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships of the rs17782313 polymorphism near melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) and the rs8192678 polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha gene (PGC1α) with metabolic abnormalities have been explored in many populations around the world, but the findings were not all consistent and sometimes even a bit contradictory. Methods Electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Google Scholar were checked for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were carefully extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated by using a random-effects model to examine the differences in the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia between the genotypes of the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. Cochran's Q-statistic test and Begg's test were employed to identify heterogeneity among studies and publication bias, respectively. Results Fifty studies (58,716 subjects) and 51 studies (18,660 subjects) were respectively included in the pooled meta-analyses for the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. The C-allele carriers of the rs17782313 polymorphism had a higher average level of body mass index (SMD = 0.21 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.12 to 0.29 kg/m2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.14 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.23 cm, p < 0.001) and blood glucose (SMD = 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16 mg/dL, p = 0.01) than the TT homozygotes. Regarding the rs8192678 polymorphism, no significant associations with the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia were detected. However, significant correlations between the rs8192678 polymorphism and multiple glucometabolic indexes were observed in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, ethnicity and health status. Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrates that the C allele of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism confers a higher risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, and the PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder. These findings may partly explain the relationships between these variants and diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022373543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Nie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhui Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Coppola A, Zorzetto G, Piacentino F, Bettoni V, Pastore I, Marra P, Perani L, Esposito A, De Cobelli F, Carcano G, Fontana F, Fiorina P, Venturini M. Imaging in experimental models of diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:147-161. [PMID: 34779949 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Translational medicine, experimental medicine and experimental animal models, in particular mice and rats, represent a multidisciplinary field that has made it possible to achieve, in the last decades, important scientific progress. In this review, we have summarized the most frequently used imaging animal models, such as ultrasound (US), micro-CT, MRI and the optical imaging methods, and their main implications in diagnostic and therapeutic fields, with a particular focus on diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial disease extremely widespread among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppola
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Filippo Piacentino
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Valeria Bettoni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Milano-Bicocca University, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
- General, Emergency, and Transplant Surgery Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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Network Pharmacology/Metabolomics-Based Validation of AMPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway as a Central Role of Shengqi Fuzheng Injection Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer-Related Fatigue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5556212. [PMID: 34326918 PMCID: PMC8302405 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines have multiple targets and properties, and their use in multidisciplinary cancer therapies has consequently received increasing attention. Here, we have investigated the possible active ingredients associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in the Shengqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI). In vitro cell models were used to measure the regulation effects of SFI on CRF. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with SFI, and the interaction of compounds and CRF targets was predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. The putative pathways were further verified using immuno-blotting assays. The results showed that SFI significantly inhibited muscle cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of muscle cells. The network pharmacology analysis results identified 36 candidate compounds, and 244 potential targets were yielded by SFI, and they shared 10 key targets associated with cancer-related fatigue. According to the enrichment analysis and experimental validation, SFI might ameliorate muscle cell mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the expression changes of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes MnSOD and apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were also triggered. The functions and mechanisms of SFI in anticancer-related fatigue were found here to be at least partly due to the targeting of the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and this has highlighted new potential applications for network pharmacology when researching Chinese Medicines.
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Torres AK, Tapia-Rojas C, Cerpa W, Quintanilla RA. Stimulation of Melanocortin Receptor-4 (MC4R) Prevents Mitochondrial Damage Induced by Binge Ethanol Protocol in Adolescent Rat Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2020; 438:70-85. [PMID: 32416118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a common pattern of adolescent alcohol consumption characterized by a high alcohol intake within a short period of time; which may seriously affect brain function, triggering in some cases an addictive behavior. Current evidence indicates that alcohol addictive conduct is related to the impairment of the Melanocortin System (MCS). This system participates in the regulation of food intake and promotes anti-inflammatory response in the brain. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the protective effects induced by MCS against binge-alcohol intoxication are still unknown. Here, we studied the effects of MCS activation on mitochondrial and oxidative damage induced by a binge-like protocol in the hippocampus of adolescent rats. We used a pharmacological activator of MC4R (RO27-3225) and evaluated its effects against oxidative injury, mitochondrial failure, and bioenergetics impairment induced by binge ethanol protocol in the hippocampus of adolescent's rats. Our results indicate that MC4R agonist reduces hippocampal oxidative damage promoting antioxidant (Nrf-2) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1-alpha) pathways in animals subjected to the binge-like protocol. Additionally, MC4R activation prevented mitochondrial potential loss and increased mitochondrial mass that were significantly reduced by binge ethanol protocol. Finally, RO27-3225 treatment increased ATP production and mitochondrial respiratory complex expression in adolescent rats exposed to ethanol. Altogether, these findings show that activation of the MCS pathway through MC4R prevents these negative effects of binge ethanol protocol, suggesting a possible role of the MCS in the reduction of the neurotoxic effects induced by alcohol intoxication in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie K Torres
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
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Chen S, Zhao L, Sherchan P, Ding Y, Yu J, Nowrangi D, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Activation of melanocortin receptor 4 with RO27-3225 attenuates neuroinflammation through AMPK/JNK/p38 MAPK pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:106. [PMID: 29642894 PMCID: PMC5896146 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury. Activation of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) has been shown to elicit anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the role of MC4R activation on neuroinflammation in a mouse ICH model and to investigate the contribution of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway in MC4R-mediated protection. Methods Adult male CD1 mice (n = 189) were subjected to intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase or sham surgery. The selective MC4R agonist RO27-3225 was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 h after collagenase injection. The specific MC4R antagonist HS024 and selective AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin were administered prior to RO27-3225 treatment to elucidate potential mechanism. Short- and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed. Results The expression of MC4R and p-AMPK increased after ICH with a peak at 24 h. MC4R was expressed by microglia, neurons, and astrocytes. Activation of MC4R with RO27-3225 improved the neurobehavioral functions, decreased brain edema, and suppressed microglia/macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration after ICH. RO27-3225 administration increased the expression of MC4R and p-AMPK while decreasing p-JNK, p-p38 MAPK, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, which was reversed with inhibition of MC4R and AMPK. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that activation of MC4R with RO27-3225 attenuated neuroinflammation through AMPK-dependent inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing brain edema and improving neurobehavioral functions after experimental ICH in mice. Therefore, the activation of MC4R with RO27-3225 may be a potential therapeutic approach for ICH management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1140-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lianhua Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Derek Nowrangi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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