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Shu X, Liu Y, He F, Gong Y, Li J. A bibliometric and visualized analysis of the pathogenesis of cataracts from 1999 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26044. [PMID: 38390089 PMCID: PMC10881887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of cataracts is ongoing and the number of publications on this topic is increasing annually. This study offers an overview of the research status, popular topics, and scholarly tendencies in the field of cataract pathogenesis over recent decades,which helps to guide future research directions, and optimize resource allocation. In the present study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of cataract pathogenesis. Publications from January 1, 1999, to December 20, 2023, were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and the extracted data were quantified and analyzed. We analyzed and presented the data using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Python. In all, 4006 articles were evaluated based on various characteristics, including publication year, authors, countries, institutions, journals, citations, and keywords. This study utilized VOSviewer to conduct visualized analysis, including co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and network visualization. The CiteSpace software was used to identify keywords with significant bursts of activity. The number of annual global publications climbed from 76 to 277 between 1999 and 2023, a 264.47% rise. Experimental Eye Research published the most manuscripts (178 publications), whereas Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science received the most citations (6675 citations). The most influential and productive country, institution, and author were the United States (1244 publications, 54,456 citations), University of California system (136 publications, 5401 citations), and Yao Ke (49 publications, 838 citations), respectively. The top 100 ranked keywords are divided into four clusters through co-occurrence analysis: (1) secondary cataracts, (2) oxidative stress, (3) gene mutations and protein abnormalities, and (4) alteration of biological processes in lens epithelial cells. Further discussions on the four subtopics outline the research topics and trends. In conclusion, the specific mechanism of cataract formation remains a popular topic for future research and should be explored in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yumura S. Wound Repair of the Cell Membrane: Lessons from Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38391954 PMCID: PMC10886852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is frequently subjected to damage, either through physical or chemical means. The swift restoration of the cell membrane's integrity is crucial to prevent the leakage of intracellular materials and the uncontrolled influx of extracellular ions. Consequently, wound repair plays a vital role in cell survival, akin to the importance of DNA repair. The mechanisms involved in wound repair encompass a series of events, including ion influx, membrane patch formation, endocytosis, exocytosis, recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton, and the elimination of damaged membrane sections. Despite the absence of a universally accepted general model, diverse molecular models have been proposed for wound repair in different organisms. Traditional wound methods not only damage the cell membrane but also impact intracellular structures, including the underlying cortical actin networks, microtubules, and organelles. In contrast, the more recent improved laserporation selectively targets the cell membrane. Studies on Dictyostelium cells utilizing this method have introduced a novel perspective on the wound repair mechanism. This review commences by detailing methods for inducing wounds and subsequently reviews recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Yumura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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3
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Liu Z, Huang S, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Hu L, Xiong L, Li DWC, Liu Y. The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101112. [PMID: 36055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world. LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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4
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Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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5
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Tae H, Park S, Kim SO, Yorulmaz Avsar S, Cho NJ. Selective Recognition of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Receptors by C-Terminal Tail of Mitotic Kinesin-like Protein 2 (MKlp2). J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2345-2352. [PMID: 35316051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKlp2) plays a key role in the proper completion of cytokinetic abscission. Specifically, the C-terminal tail of MKlp2 (CTM peptides) offers a stable tethering on the plasma membrane and microtubule cytoskeleton in the midbody during abscission. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of how the CTM peptides bind to the plasma membrane of the intercellular bridge. Herein, we identify the specific molecular interaction between the CTM peptides and phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) receptors using quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation and atomic force microscopy force spectroscopic measurements. To systematically examine the effects of amino acids, we designed a series of synthetic 33-mer peptides derived from the wild-type (CTM1). First, we evaluated the peptide binding amount caused by electrostatic interactions based on 100% zwitterionic and 30% negatively charged model membranes, whereby the nonspecific attractions were nearly proportional to the net charge of peptides. Upon incubating with PIP-containing model membranes, the wild-type CTM1 and its truncated mutation showed significant PI(3)P-specific binding, which was evidenced by a 15-fold higher binding mass and 6-fold stronger adhesion force compared to other negatively charged membranes. The extent of the specific binding was predominantly dependent on the existence of S21, whereby substitution or deletion of S21 significantly hindered the binding affinity. Taken together, our findings based on a correlative measurement platform enabled the quantification of the nonelectrostatic, selective binding interactions of the C-terminal of MKlp2 to certain PIP receptors and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms on complete cytokinetic abscission in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhyuk Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Saziye Yorulmaz Avsar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore.,China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute (CSIJRI), Guangzhou 510000, China
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6
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Gulluni F, Prever L, Li H, Krafcikova P, Corrado I, Lo WT, Margaria JP, Chen A, De Santis MC, Cnudde SJ, Fogerty J, Yuan A, Massarotti A, Sarijalo NT, Vadas O, Williams RL, Thelen M, Powell DR, Schüler M, Wiesener MS, Balla T, Baris HN, Tiosano D, McDermott BM, Perkins BD, Ghigo A, Martini M, Haucke V, Boura E, Merlo GR, Buchner DA, Hirsch E. PI(3,4)P2-mediated cytokinetic abscission prevents early senescence and cataract formation. Science 2021; 374:eabk0410. [PMID: 34882480 PMCID: PMC7612254 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinetic membrane abscission is a spatially and temporally regulated process that requires ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)–dependent control of membrane remodeling at the midbody, a subcellular organelle that defines the cleavage site. Alteration of ESCRT function can lead to cataract, but the underlying mechanism and its relation to cytokinesis are unclear. We found a lens-specific cytokinetic process that required PI3K-C2α (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2α), its lipid product PI(3,4)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate), and the PI(3,4)P2–binding ESCRT-II subunit VPS36 (vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36). Loss of each of these components led to impaired cytokinesis, triggering premature senescence in the lens of fish, mice, and humans. Thus, an evolutionarily conserved pathway underlies the cell type–specific control of cytokinesis that helps to prevent early onset cataract by protecting from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Petra Krafcikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Corrado
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Anlu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Sophie J. Cnudde
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Joseph Fogerty
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nasrin Torabi Sarijalo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roger L. Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David R. Powell
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Markus Schüler
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charite University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael S. Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hagit N. Baris
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
- Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion - –Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Brian M. McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brian D. Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Roberto Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
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7
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Brill JA, Wilde A. A lipid primes the final cut in dividing cells. Science 2021; 374:1318-1319. [PMID: 34882457 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Russo G, Krauss M. Septin Remodeling During Mammalian Cytokinesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:768309. [PMID: 34805175 PMCID: PMC8600141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis mediates the final separation of a mother cell into two daughter cells. Septins are recruited to the cleavage furrow at an early stage. During cytokinetic progression the septin cytoskeleton is constantly rearranged, ultimately leading to a concentration of septins within the intercellular bridge (ICB), and to the formation of two rings adjacent to the midbody that aid ESCRT-dependent abscission. The molecular mechanisms underlying this behavior are poorly understood. Based on observations that septins can associate with actin, microtubules and associated motors, we review here established roles of septins in mammalian cytokinesis, and discuss, how septins may support cytokinetic progression by exerting their functions at particular sites. Finally, we discuss how this might be assisted by phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Russo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krauss
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
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9
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Hirsch E, Gulluni F, Martini M. Phosphoinositides in cell proliferation and metabolism. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100693. [PMID: 32008962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PI) are key players in many trafficking and signaling pathways. Recent advances regarding the synthesis, location and functions of these lipids have improved our understanding of how and when these lipids are generated and what their roles are in physiology and disease. In particular, PI play a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation and metabolism. Here, we will review recent advances in our understanding of PI function, regulation, and importance in different aspects of proliferation and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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10
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Verghese S, Moberg K. Roles of Membrane and Vesicular Traffic in Regulation of the Hippo Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:384. [PMID: 32010696 PMCID: PMC6971369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a well conserved signaling cascade that modulates cell proliferation and survival in response to external cues such as cell:cell contact, injury, and nutritional status. Models of the Hippo pathway have evolved from a series of genetic interactions defined in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster into a complex series of biochemical mechanisms in which transmembrane and cytoskeletal proteins modulate cytoplasmic phosphatase and kinase activities that converge on the serine/threonine kinase Warts (Wts) to regulate nuclear entry of the co-activator protein Yorkie (Yki; vertebrate Yap1). This pathway is well conserved in human cells and broadly implicated in cancer. Progress in understanding biochemical events within the Hippo pathway highlights a need for improved understanding of the cell biological contexts in which these molecular interactions occur. A significant body of data linking Hippo signaling to membranes and proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking raise the possibility that some molecular regulatory events occur on the cytoplasmic face of vesicles. In Drosophila, a Yki-vesicle link was solidified by discoveries that cytoplasmic Yki concentrates at late-endosomes and physically interacts with two endosomal adaptor proteins, Myopic (Mop) and Leash. These two proteins are required for Yki to transit the endolysosomal pathway and be turned over in lysosomes. Molecules involved in recruiting and tethering Yki along this endosomal route are not defined but are predicted to play key roles in regulating Yki levels and thus Hippo-responsiveness of cells. As Wts is recruited to the apical membrane by upstream Hippo components, endosomal internalization could also affect complexes involved in Yki phosphorylation events that alter nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Recent work has revealed an unexpected, non-transcriptional role of membrane-associated Yki in triggering actinomyosin contractility via the myosin-regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash (Sqh). How Yki interacts with the membrane and controls Sqh is unclear, but this mechanism represents a novel regulatory mechanism based on induced localization of Yki to a specific membrane compartment. These and other data will be discussed as we review data linking Yki to membrane and vesicular traffic in development and homeostasis and speculate on missing elements of these membrane-linked Yki regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Verghese
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ken Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Downregulation of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K-C2β delays cell division and potentiates the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:472. [PMID: 31752944 PMCID: PMC6873561 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Alteration of signalling pathways regulating cell cycle progression is a common feature of cancer cells. Several drugs targeting distinct phases of the cell cycle have been developed but the inability of many of them to discriminate between normal and cancer cells has strongly limited their clinical potential because of their reduced efficacy at the concentrations used to limit adverse side effects. Mechanisms of resistance have also been described, further affecting their efficacy. Identification of novel targets that can potentiate the effect of these drugs or overcome drug resistance can provide a useful strategy to exploit the anti-cancer properties of these agents to their fullest. Methods The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. Mitosis progression was monitored by time-lapse microscopy. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the ability of PC3 and HeLa cells to form colonies upon PI3K-C2β downregulation in the absence or presence of docetaxel. Cell multi-nucleation was assessed by immunofluorescence. Tumour growth in vivo was assessed using a xenograft model of PC3 cells upon PI3K-C2β downregulation and in combination with docetaxel. Results Downregulation of PI3K-C2β delays mitosis progression in PC3 and HeLa cells, resulting in reduced ability to form colonies in clonogenic assays in vitro. Compared to control cells, PC3 cells lacking PI3K-C2β form smaller and more compact colonies in vitro and they form tumours more slowly in vivo in the first weeks after cells implant. Stable and transient PI3K-C2β downregulation potentiates the effect of low concentrations of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. Combination of PI3K-C2β downregulation and docetaxel almost completely prevents colonies formation in clonogenic assays in vitro and strongly inhibits tumour growth in vivo. Conclusions These data reveal a novel role for the class II PI3K PI3K-C2β during mitosis progression. Furthermore, data indicate that blockade of PI3K-C2β might represent a novel strategy to potentiate the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth.
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12
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Gulluni F, De Santis MC, Margaria JP, Martini M, Hirsch E. Class II PI3K Functions in Cell Biology and Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:339-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Plagiochiline A Inhibits Cytokinetic Abscission and Induces Cell Death. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061418. [PMID: 29895732 PMCID: PMC6099941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on the isolation and biological activities of plagiochiline A (1), a 2,3-secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid from the Peruvian medicinal plant, Plagiochila disticha. This compound was found to have antiproliferative effects on a variety of solid tumor cell lines, as well as several leukemia cell lines. Other researchers have also noted the cytotoxicity of plagiochiline A (isolated from different plant species), but there are no prior reports regarding the mechanism for this bioactivity. Here, we have evaluated the effects of plagiochiline A on cell cycle progression in DU145 prostate cancer cells. A cell cycle analysis indicated that plagiochiline A caused a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase when compared with control cells. When cells were stained and observed by fluorescence microscopy to examine progress through the mitotic phase, we found a significant increase in the proportion of cells with features of late cytokinesis (cells connected by intercellular bridges) in the plagiochiline A-treated samples. These results suggest that plagiochiline A inhibits cell division by preventing completion of cytokinesis, particularly at the final abscission stage. We also determined that plagiochiline A reduces DU145 cell survival in clonogenic assays and that it induces substantial cell death in these cells.
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