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Almalki WH, Almujri SS. Circular RNAs and the JAK/STAT pathway: New frontiers in cancer therapeutics. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155408. [PMID: 38909403 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs, known as circRNAs, have drawn more attention to cancer biology in the last few years. Novel functions of circRNAs in cancer therapy open promising prospects for personalized medicine. This review focuses on the molecular properties and potential of circRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Unique properties of circular RNAs associated with a circular form provide stability and resilience to RNA exonuclease degradation. Circular RNAs' most important characteristic is that they are involved in the JAK/STAT pathway associated with oncogenesis. Notably, their deregulation has been reported in multiple carcinomas due to involvement in JAK/STAT signaling cascade modulation. Increased knowledge about circRNAs' interaction with the JAK/STAT pathway leads to the emergence of new possibilities for targeted cancer therapy. In addition, since circRNAs demonstrate tissue-relatedness of expression, they may be a reliable biomarker for predicting and diagnosing cancer. With the development of new technologies for targeting circRNAs, novel therapeutics can be produced that offer more personalized cancer treatment options based on the nature of the patient. The present review explores the exciting prospects of circRNAs for transforming cancer treatment into personalized medicine. It describes the current understanding of circRNA biology, its relationship to tumorigenesis, and possible targeting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer 61421, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Shah M, Sarkar D. HCC-Related lncRNAs: Roles and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:597. [PMID: 38203767 PMCID: PMC10779127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant global health threat, particularly in regions endemic to hepatitis B and C viruses, and because of the ongoing pandemic of obesity causing metabolic-dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a precursor to HCC. The molecular intricacies of HCC, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated signaling pathways facilitate personalized treatment strategies based on molecular profiling. Epigenetic regulation, encompassing DNA methyltion, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, functions as a critical layer influencing HCC development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are spotlighted for their diverse roles in gene regulation and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. In this review, we explore the pivotal role of lncRNAs in HCC, including MAFLD and viral hepatitis, the most prevalent risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in HCC progression by modulating chromatin regulation and transcription, sponging miRNAs, and influencing structural functions. The ongoing studies on lncRNAs contribute to a deeper comprehension of HCC pathogenesis and offer promising routes for precision medicine, highlighting the utility of lncRNAs as early biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimansha Shah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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3
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Wang J, Yao G, Zhang B, Zhao Z, Fan Y. Interaction between miR‑206 and lncRNA MALAT1 in regulating viability and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:5. [PMID: 38028177 PMCID: PMC10665983 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strongly associated to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which presents a high potential for diagnosis and treatment; however, the role of miRNAs is still largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and the biological role of miRNA (miR)-206 in the development of HCC, and to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. Results from this study show that miR-206 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. It was observed that low expression of miR-206 was linked to advanced TNM stage, tumor nodularity and venous infiltration in patients with HCC; low miR-206 expression was associated with shorter survival times. miR-206 overexpression using miR-206 mimics notably decreased the proliferative ability and increased apoptosis of MHCC97-H and HCCLM3 HCC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-206 suppressed invasiveness associated with reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, the c-Met oncogene, which is upregulated in HCC tissues, was negatively associated with the expression of miR-206. Notably, it was shown that miR-206 may exert its antitumor effect through suppressing c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling. Low expression of miR-206 was shown to be regulated by lncRNA MALAT1 in HCC. Collectively, this study presented evidence that miR-206 was controlled by lncRNA MALAT1 and partially suppressed the proliferation and invasion of HCC through the c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. According to these results, understanding MALAT1/miR-206-dependent regulation may lead to potential approaches for diagnosis and prospective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Beike Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zerui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Eun JW, Cheong JY, Jeong JY, Kim HS. A New Understanding of Long Non-Coding RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma-From m 6A Modification to Blood Biomarkers. Cells 2023; 12:2272. [PMID: 37759495 PMCID: PMC10528438 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advancements in biological research, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and cellular phenotypic modulation. Despite initial skepticism due to their low sequence conservation and expression levels, their significance in various biological processes has become increasingly apparent. We provided an overview of lncRNAs and discussed their defining features and modes of operation. We then explored their crucial function in the hepatocarcinogenesis process, elucidating their complex involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The influential role of lncRNAs within the HCC tumor microenvironment is emphasized, illustrating their potential as key modulators of disease dynamics. We also investigated the significant influence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on lncRNA function in HCC, enhancing our understanding of both their roles and their upstream regulators. Additionally, the potential of lncRNAs as promising biomarkers was discussed in liver cancer diagnosis, suggesting a novel avenue for future research and clinical application. Finally, our work underscored the dual potential of lncRNAs as both contributors to HCC pathogenesis and innovative tools for its diagnosis. Existing challenges and prospective trajectories in lncRNA research are also discussed, emphasizing their potential in advancing liver cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (J.W.E.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (J.W.E.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Shao L, Liang L, Fang Q, Wang J. Construction of novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks associated with prognosis of hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10832. [PMID: 36217480 PMCID: PMC9547242 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection contribute to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Previous studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Consequently, we herein seek to identify and evaluate the prognostic relevance of a novel ceRNA network associated with HCV-related HCC. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE140846 dataset from GEO were identified using Network Analyst, and GO, KEGG and Reactome analyses were performed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was generated, and hub genes were detected. Hub gene expression levels, as well as those of their upstream lncRNAs and miRNAs and associated survival analyses were conducted using appropriate bioinformatics databases. Predicted target relationships were used to establish putative ceRNA networks for HCV-related HCC. Results A total of 372 and 360 up- and down-regulated DE-mRNA were identified, which were associated with nuclear division, cell cycle, and ATPase activity. A PPI network containing 704 DE-mRNAs was constructed, and the 6 hub gene with the highest degree of connectivity were selected for subsequent analysis. We discovered that 22 miRNAs and 4 lncRNAs upstream of 11 hub gene were significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCV-related HCC, and used them to constructe a prognostic ceRNA network. Further experiments confirmed the ceRNA-regulatory relationship of BUB1-hsa-miR-193a-3p-MALAT1. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers in HCV related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Shao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qixiang Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Xi Lu, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Lu J, Guo J, Liu J, Mao X, Xu K. Long Non-coding RNA MALAT1: A Key Player in Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:734643. [PMID: 35145971 PMCID: PMC8821149 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.734643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exceed 200 nucleotides in length are considered to be involved in both developmental processes and various diseases. Here, we focus on lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), which was one of the most important lncRNAs in proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. MALAT1 plays a regulatory role in liver diseases, including hepatic fibrosis, liver regeneration, liver cancer, and fatty liver diseases. In the current review, we summarize the latest literature about the function roles of MALAT1 in liver disorders. Probing the regulatory mechanism and cross talk of MALAT1 with other signaling pathways of pathological processes would improve the prognosis, diagnosis of liver diseases, and offer a promising candidate target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Mao
- Haining People' Hospital, Haining Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaijin Xu
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7
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Khawar MB, Hamid SE, Jan T, Abbasi MH, Idnan M, Sheikh N. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2311-2319. [PMID: 35072835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and undergo splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and editing just like mRNA. Evidence is growing that they regulate transcription, splicing, RNA degradation, and translation of genes and that their expression has been linked to a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The advancement of next-generation and high-throughput sequencing has changed the way lncRNAs are identified and characterized, revealing a relationship between lncRNAs and several tumor types. Since then, they have gained a significant attraction as a promising candidate in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Furthermore, they are a good candidate for consideration as tumor biomarkers due to their high stability, better tissue/cell selectivity, aberrant expression in certain malignancies, and easy and noninvasive detection. In addition, lncRNAs are being examined as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies. This review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in light of the current progress, clinical investigations, and patents filed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Jan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Idnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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8
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Fang Y, Yang Y, Li N, Zhang XL, Huang HF. Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9699-9710. [PMID: 34877309 PMCID: PMC8610931 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i32.9699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most frequent types of liver cancer and is characterized by a high recurrence rate. Recent studies have proposed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential biomarkers in several recurrent tumor types. It is now well understood that invasion, migration, and metastasis are important factors for tumor recurrence. Moreover, some of the known risk factors for HCC may affect the expression levels of several types of lncRNAs and thus affect the recurrence of liver cancer through lncRNA regulation. In this paper, we review the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and roles of lncRNAs in HCC and summarize current knowledge about lncRNAs as potential biomarkers in recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Han-Fei Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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9
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Kim SS, Baek GO, Son JA, Ahn HR, Yoon MK, Cho HJ, Yoon JH, Nam SW, Cheong JY, Eun JW. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma via liquid biopsy: panel of small extracellular vesicle-derived long noncoding RNAs identified as markers. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2715-2731. [PMID: 34185961 PMCID: PMC8486572 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the diagnostic potential of serum small extracellular vesicle‐derived long noncoding RNAs (EV‐lncRNAs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Driver oncogenic lncRNA candidates were selected by a comparative analysis of lncRNA expression profiles from two whole transcriptome human HCC datasets (Catholic_LIHC and TCGA_LIHC). Expression of selected lncRNAs in serum and small EVs was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Diagnostic power of serum EV‐lncRNAs for HCC was determined in the test (n = 44) and validation (n = 139) cohorts. Of the six promising driver onco‐lncRNAs, DLEU2, HOTTIP, MALAT1, and SNHG1 exhibited favorable performance in the test cohort. In the validation cohort, serum EV‐MALAT1 displayed excellent discriminant ability, while EV‐DLEU2, EV‐HOTTIP, and EV‐SNHG1 showed good discriminant ability between HCC and non‐HCC. Furthermore, a panel combining EV‐MALAT1 and EV‐SNHG1 achieved the best area under the curve (AUC; 0.899, 95% CI = 0.816–0.982) for very early HCC, whereas a panel with EV‐DLEU2 and alpha‐fetoprotein exhibited the best positivity (96%) in very early HCC. Serum small EV‐MALAT1, EV‐DLEU2, EV‐HOTTIP, and EV‐SNHG1 may represent promising diagnostic markers for very early‐stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Geum Ok Baek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ju A Son
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ri Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Moon Kyung Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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10
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Paradoxical functions of long noncoding RNAs in modulating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188574. [PMID: 34062154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the lethal and leading types of cancer threatening the globe with a high mortality rate. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that is aberrantly activated in several human malignancies including HCC. Many STAT3-driven genes control cell proliferation and survival, apoptotic resistance, cell cycle progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. STAT3 signaling is regulated by endogenous modulators such as protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS), and various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Interestingly, lncRNAs have been reported to exhibit oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions, and these effects are mediated through diverse molecular mechanisms including sponging of microRNAs (miRs), transcription activation/inhibition, and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we have discussed the possible role of STAT3 signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis and various mechanisms by which lncRNAs impart their oncogenic or tumor suppressive action by modulating the STAT3 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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11
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Zhu X, Pan H, Liu L. Long noncoding RNA network: Novel insight into hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:134. [PMID: 34013360 PMCID: PMC8148093 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common, aggressive malignancies with poor prognosis and high mortality. Although great progress has been made in recent decades, overall survival of HCC patients remains unsatisfactory due to high recurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, understanding and clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms of metastasis has become increasingly important. Recently, accumulated reports have supported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in HCC and are involved in various pivotal biological processes, including metastasis. The aim of this review was to investigate the dysregulation of lncRNAs in HCC and their function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors. Furthermore, reciprocal regulatory networks between lncRNAs and various molecules that were identified in HCC metastasis, including regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), controlling metastasis-associated genes, and regulating tumour angiogenesis were examined. Numerous reports and information on lncRNAs may help identify lncRNAs that are potential novel diagnostic markers, prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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12
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Landmesser U, Poller W, Tsimikas S, Most P, Paneni F, Lüscher TF. From traditional pharmacological towards nucleic acid-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3884-3899. [PMID: 32350510 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are currently developed at large scale for prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), since: (i) genetic studies have highlighted novel therapeutic targets suggested to be causal for CVD; (ii) there is a substantial recent progress in delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies; (iii) they enable effective modulation of therapeutic targets that cannot be sufficiently or optimally addressed using traditional small molecule drugs or antibodies. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics include (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics for gene silencing; (ii) microRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies; (iii) gene therapies; and (iv) genome-editing approaches (e.g. CRISPR-Cas-based): (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics: several large-scale clinical development programmes, using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics for prevention and management of CVD have been initiated. These include ASO and/or siRNA molecules to lower apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)], proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apoCIII, ANGPTL3, or transthyretin (TTR) for prevention and treatment of patients with atherosclerotic CVD or TTR amyloidosis. (ii) MicroRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies: novel potential therapeutic targets are continually arising from human non-coding genome and epigenetic research. First microRNA-based therapeutics or therapies targeting epigenetic regulatory pathways are in clinical studies. (iii) Gene therapies: EMA/FDA have approved gene therapies for non-cardiac monogenic diseases and LDL receptor gene therapy is currently being examined in patients with homozygous hypercholesterolaemia. In experimental studies, gene therapy has significantly improved cardiac function in heart failure animal models. (iv) Genome editing approaches: these technologies, such as using CRISPR-Cas, have proven powerful in stem cells, however, important challenges are remaining, e.g. low rates of homology-directed repair in somatic cells such as cardiomyocytes. In summary, RNA-targeted therapies (e.g. apo(a)-ASO and PCSK9-siRNA) are now in large-scale clinical outcome trials and will most likely become a novel effective and safe therapeutic option for CVD in the near future. MicroRNA-modulating, epigenetic, and gene therapies are tested in early clinical studies for CVD. CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing is highly effective in stem cells, but major challenges are remaining in somatic cells, however, this field is rapidly advancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BSB 1080, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, MOU2, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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13
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Nong W, Ma L, Lan B, Liu N, Yang H, Lao X, Deng Q, Huang Z. Comprehensive Identification of Bridge Genes to Explain the Progression from Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1613-1624. [PMID: 33907440 PMCID: PMC8071210 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus infection co-occurs in 33% of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. However, the molecular link between hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma is unknown. Thus, we aimed to elucidate molecular linkages underlying pathogenesis through in-depth data mining analysis. Materials and Methods Differentially expressed genes were identified from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, hepatocellular carcinoma, or both. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed signaling pathways involving differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interaction networks, protein crosstalk, and enrichment were analyzed to determine whether differentially expressed gene products might serve as a bridge from hepatitis B virus infection to hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Prognostic potential and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of bridge genes were also examined. Results We identified vital bridge factors in hepatitis B virus infection-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Differentially expressed genes were clustered into modules based on relative protein function. Signaling pathways associated with cancer, inflammation, immune system, and microenvironment showed significant crosstalk between modules. Thirty-two genes were dysregulated in hepatitis B virus infection-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma. CPEB3, RAB26, SLCO1B1, ST3GAL6 and XK had higher connectivity in the modular network, suggesting significant associations with survival. CDC20 and NUP107 were identified as driver genes as well as markers of poor prognosis. Conclusion Our results suggest that the sustained inflammatory environment created by hepatitis B virus infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. The identification of hepatitis B virus infection-related hepatocellular carcinoma bridge genes provides testable hypotheses about the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Nong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomei Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Hussen BM, Taheri M. The Impact of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649107. [PMID: 33968749 PMCID: PMC8097102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the utmost deadly human malignancies. This type of cancer has been associated with several environmental, viral, and lifestyle risk factors. Among the epigenetic factors which contribute in the pathogenesis of HCC is dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These transcripts modulate expression of several tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and alter the activity of cancer-related signaling axes. Several lncRNAs such as NEAT1, MALAT1, ANRIL, and SNHG1 have been up-regulated in HCC samples. On the other hand, a number of so-called tumor suppressor lncRNAs namely CASS2 and MEG3 are down-regulated in HCC. The interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate expression of a number of mRNA coding genes which are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. H19/miR-15b/CDC42, H19/miR-326/TWIST1, NEAT1/miR-485/STAT3, MALAT1/miR-124-3p/Slug, MALAT1/miR-195/EGFR, MALAT1/miR-22/SNAI1, and ANRIL/miR-144/PBX3 axes are among functional axes in the pathobiology of HCC. Some genetic polymorphisms within non-coding regions of the genome have been associated with risk of HCC in certain populations. In the current paper, we describe the recent finding about the impact of lncRNAs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mishra R, Patel H, Alanazi S, Kilroy MK, Garrett JT. PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3464. [PMID: 33801659 PMCID: PMC8037248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joan T. Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (H.P.); (S.A.); (M.K.K.)
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16
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Xie MY, Hou LJ. LncRNA MALAT1 aggravates calcific aortic valve disease by sponging miR-195. Int J Cardiol 2021; 333:161. [PMID: 33647368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ying Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Lian-Jie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Yuan D, Chen Y, Li X, Li J, Zhao Y, Shen J, Du F, Kaboli PJ, Li M, Wu X, Ji H, Cho CH, Wen Q, Li W, Xiao Z, Chen B. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy and Diagnosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:220-235. [PMID: 33390845 PMCID: PMC7757045 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Increasing studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNAs that are greater than 200 nucleotides in length but lack the ability to encode proteins, exert crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC. LncRNAs promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating downstream target gene expression and cancer-related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, lncRNA can be used as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of HCC treatment strategies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and as a potential individualized tool for HCC diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we overview up-to-date findings on lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for HCC surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy resistance, target therapy, and immunotherapy, and discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNA as tools for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijiao Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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18
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Atwa SM, Handoussa H, Hosny KM, Odenthal M, Tayebi HME. Pivotal role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-X-inactive specific transcript in regulating immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 through a shared pathway between miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:1211-1227. [PMID: 33442449 PMCID: PMC7772730 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death therapy has thrust immunotherapy into the spotlight. However, such therapy has a modest response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic immunomodulation is a suggestive combinatorial therapy with immune checkpoint blockade. Non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) driven regulation is a major mechanism of epigenetic modulation. Given the wide range of ncRNAs that co-opt in programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulation, and based on the literature, we hypothesized that miR-155-5p, miR-194-5p and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and MALAT-1 are involved in a regulatory upstream pathway for PD-1/PD-L1. Recently, nutraceutical therapeutics in cancers have received increasing attention. Thus, it is interesting to study the impact of oleuropein on the respective study key players.
AIM To explore potential upstream regulatory ncRNAs for the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1.
METHODS Bioinformatics tools including microrna.org and lnCeDB software were adopted to detect targeting of miR-155-5p, miR-194-5p and lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1 to PD-L1 mRNA, respectively. In addition, Diana tool was used to predict targeting of both aforementioned miRNAs to lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1. HCC and normal tissue samples were collected for scanning of PD-L1, XIST and MALAT-1 expression. To study the interaction among miR-155-5p, miR-194-5p, lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1, as well as PD-L1 mRNA, a series of transfections of the Huh-7 cell line was carried out.
RESULTS Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-155-5p and miR-194-5p can target PD-L1, MALAT-1 and XIST. MALAT-1 and XIST were predicted to target PD-L1 mRNA. PD-L1 and XIST were significantly upregulated in 23 HCC biopsies compared to healthy controls; however, MALAT-1 was barely detected. MiR-194 induced expression elevated the expression of PD-L1, XIST and MALAT-1. However, overexpression of miR-155-5p induced the upregulation of PD-L1 and XIST, while it had a negative impact on MALAT-1 expression. Knockdown of XIST did have an impact on PD-L1 expression; however, following knockdown of the negative regulator of X-inactive specific transcript (TSIX), PD-L1 expression was elevated, and abolished MALAT-1 activity. Upon co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siMALAT-1, PD-L1 expression was elevated. Co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siXIST did not have an impact on PD-L1 expression. Upon co-transfection of miR-194 with siTSIX, PD-L1 expression was upregulated. Interestingly, the same PD-L1 expression pattern was observed following miR-155-5p co-transfections. Oleuropein treatment of Huh-7 cells reduced the expression profile of PD-L1, XIST, and miR-155-5p, upregulated the expression of miR-194-5p and had no significant impact on the MALAT-1 expression profile.
CONCLUSION This study reported a novel finding revealing that opposing acting miRNAs in HCC, have the same impact on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint by sharing a common signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Atwa
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Karim M Hosny
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50924, Germany
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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19
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Bai Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Li Y, Jin S, Wang T. The Role of Exosomes in the Female Reproductive System and Breast Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12567-12586. [PMID: 33324075 PMCID: PMC7733408 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles released by nearly all cell types. Exosomes were originally considered as waste receptacles for discarding unwanted cellular products; however, these organelles are now considered to be important for cell communication by delivering biologically active molecules such as proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA and mRNA. Studies have revealed that exosomes are closely related to several diseases, especially cancers. Exosomes are indispensable for the emergence and progression of tumor. Here, we review the status of research on exosomes in the female reproductive system cancers and breast cancer, focusing on their biological roles in chemical resistance and immune responses, as well as their underlying applications in drug delivery and nanotherapy and as biological markers for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xia Q, Shu Z, Ye T, Zhang M. Identification and Analysis of the Blood lncRNA Signature for Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:595699. [PMID: 33365048 PMCID: PMC7750531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.595699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common malignant tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In 90% of cases, HCC develops in the context of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important etiology for cirrhosis and HCC, accounting for 53% of all HCC cases. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the dynamic chain reactions from normal to HBV infection, from HBV infection to liver cirrhosis, from liver cirrhosis to HCC, we analyzed the blood lncRNA expression profiles from 38 healthy control samples, 45 chronic hepatitis B patients, 46 liver cirrhosis patients, and 46 HCC patients. Advanced machine-learning methods including Monte Carlo feature selection, incremental feature selection (IFS), and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to discover the signature associated with HCC progression and construct the prediction model. One hundred seventy-one key HCC progression-associated lncRNAs were identified and their overall accuracy was 0.823 as evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). The accuracies of the lncRNA signature for healthy control, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and HCC were 0.895, 0.711, 0.870, and 0.826, respectively. The 171-lncRNA signature is not only useful for early detection and intervention of HCC, but also helpful for understanding the multistage tumorigenic processes of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Qian Y, Shi L, Luo Z. Long Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:612393. [PMID: 33330574 PMCID: PMC7734181 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.612393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are arising as important players in various biological pathways. They have received extensive attention in recent years, regarded to be involved in both developmental processes and various diseases. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNAs with high specificity and accuracy have the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNAs can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Currently, the most well-recognized lncRNA is PCA3, which has been approved for use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications, clinical trials and patents, addressing the potential of lncRNAs that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Fu S, Wang Y, Li H, Chen L, Liu Q. Regulatory Networks of LncRNA MALAT-1 in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10181-10198. [PMID: 33116873 PMCID: PMC7575067 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s276022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs are a group of RNAs with a length greater than 200 nt that do not encode a protein but play an essential role in regulating the expression of target genes in normal biological contexts as well as pathologic processes including tumorigenesis. The lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (MALAT)-1 has been widely studied in cancer. In this review, we describe the known functions of MALAT-1; its mechanisms of action; and associated signaling pathways and their clinical significance in different cancers. In most malignancies, including lung, colorectal, thyroid, and other cancers, MALAT-1 functions as an oncogene and is upregulated in tumors and tumor cell lines. MALAT-1 has a distinct mechanism of action in each cancer type and is thus at the center of large gene regulatory networks. Dysregulation of MALAT-1 affects cellular processes such as alternative splicing, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, and autophagy, which ultimately results in the abnormal cell proliferation, invasion, and migration that characterize cancers. In other malignancies, such as glioma and endometrial carcinoma, MALAT-1 functions as a tumor suppressor and thus forms additional regulatory networks. The current evidence indicates that MALAT-1 and its associated signaling pathways can serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in the treatment of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital of Shaoguan, The Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shaoguan 512025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Qin X, Geng H, Zuo D, Zhao Q. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related long non-coding RNAs: roles and mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105195. [PMID: 32916254 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide with high prevalence and lethality. The oncogenic phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is a classic dysregulated pathway involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, the underlying mechanism for how PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway aberrantly activates HCC has not been entirely elucidated. The recognition of the functional roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis sheds light on a new dimension to our understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize 67 dysregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related lncRNAs in HCC. Many studies have indicated that the 67 dysregulated lncRNAs show oncogenic or anti-oncogenic effects in HCC by regulation on epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and they play pivotal roles in the initiation of HCC in diverse biological processes like proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, radio-resistance, energy metabolism, autophagy and so on. Besides, many of these lncRNAs are associated with clinicopathological features and clinical prognosis in HCC, which may provide a potential future application in the diagnosis and therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yingshi Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Haobin Geng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.
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Zhao L, Lou G, Li A, Liu Y. lncRNA MALAT1 modulates cancer stem cell properties of liver cancer cells by regulating YAP1 expression via miR‑375 sponging. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1449-1457. [PMID: 32626943 PMCID: PMC7339611 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal, and may contribute to metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance in liver cancer. The long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been implicated in tumor formation and metastasis of liver cancer. However, the exact mechanism by which MALAT1 modulates liver CSC features remains largely unknown. In the present study, the expression level of MALAT1 was elevated in cancer spheroids compared with the corresponding levels noted in parental liver cancer cells, whereas the suppression of MALAT1 resulted in markedly reduced sphere formation and decreased expression of stemness factors in liver cancer cells. Dual-luciferase assay and RNA pull-down assays further indicated an interaction between MALAT1 and microRNA (miR)-375, and identified Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) as a direct target of miR-375 in liver cancer cells. In addition, YAP1 expression was correlated with MALAT1 in liver cancer. The reduced expression of YAP1 caused by knockdown of MALAT1 with MALAT1 small interfering RNA (si-MALAT1) could be partially abolished by miR-375 inhibition, suggesting that MALAT1 may regulate YAP1 expression by sponging miR-375. Furthermore, YAP1 overexpression rescued the decrease in CSC features of liver cancer cells caused by si-MALAT1, further supporting that MALAT1-mediated YAP1 signaling was required for the stem-like characteristics of liver CSCs. The present study revealed that MALAT1 may promote CSC properties of liver cancer cells by upregulating YAP1 expression via sponging miR-375. The MALAT1/miR-375/YAP1 axis may serve as a novel target for liver cancer therapy, particularly for the eradication of liver CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Aichun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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25
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Non-Coding RNAs: Regulating Disease Progression and Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051243. [PMID: 32429062 PMCID: PMC7281199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary liver cancer arising from hepatocytes, is a universal health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Surgery followed by chemotherapy as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sorafenib, are primary treatment procedures for HCC, but recurrence of disease because of therapy resistance results in high mortality. It is necessary to identify novel regulators of HCC for developing effective targeted therapies that can significantly interfere with progression of the disease process. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant group of versatile RNA transcripts that do not translate into proteins, rather serve as potentially functional RNAs. The role of ncRNAs in regulating diverse aspects of the carcinogenesis process are gradually being elucidated. Recent advances in RNA sequencing technology have identified a plethora of ncRNAs regulating all aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis process and serving as potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the biological roles of ncRNAs in disease process and therapy resistance, and potential clinical application of these ncRNAs in HCC.
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26
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Gao F, Tan Y, Luo H. MALAT1 is involved in type I IFNs-mediated systemic lupus erythematosus by up-regulating OAS2, OAS3, and OASL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9292. [PMID: 32321151 PMCID: PMC7184960 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with an aberrant activation of immune cells partly due to the dysfunction of cytokines such as type I interferons (IFNs). Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 has been found to play a pathogenic role in SLE; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Bioinformatics analysis showed the up-regulation of type I IFN downstream effectors OAS2, OAS3, and OASL (OAS-like) in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells in patients with active SLE compared to healthy participants. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD19+ B, and CD4+ T cells were isolated from active SLE patients and healthy participants. PCR was performed to quantify MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in immune cells. MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL were knocked down in CD4+ T cells to investigate the regulatory effect of MALAT1 on the effectors and their involvement in type I IFNs-mediated inflammation. Results showed higher OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in active SLE patients. MALAT1 expression was positively correlated to OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in CD19+ B or CD4+ T cells. MALAT1 knockdown decreased OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression. Treatment with IFN-α-2a increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-α in CD4+ T cells. However, knockdown of MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL alone inhibited the effect of IFN-α-2a on TNF-α and IL-1β. This study suggested the involvement of MALAT1 in type I IFNs-mediated SLE by up-regulating OAS2, OAS3, and OASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
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27
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Lian J, Zou Y, Huang L, Cheng H, Huang K, Zeng J, Chen L. Hepatitis B virus upregulates cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 expression via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2043-2052. [PMID: 32194701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of antiapoptotic genes has been indicated as one of the factors that contributes to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-induced liver cancer. The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2), a member of the IAP family, is upregulated in various types of cancer and serves as a potential treatment target. However, to the best of our knowledge, the importance of cIAP2 in HBV-induced liver cancer has not been investigated. In the present study, cIAP2 expression in liver cells in response to HBV infection and the underlying mechanism involved was investigated. Western blot analysis of clinical liver samples showed that higher cIAP2 expression was detected in HBV-positive non-cancerous tissue compared with that in HBV-negative non-cancerous tissue, and the expression was further increased in HBV-positive liver cancer tissue. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot experiments performed on two liver cell lines also confirmed that cIAP2 expression was increased upon HBV infection at both the mRNA and protein levels. Promoter analysis revealed that HBV could activate cIAP2 promoter in an infection dose-dependent manner, and this activation involved a NF-κB-binding site in the cIAP2 promoter. Further analysis demonstrated that HBV enhanced NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to the binding and activation of cIAP2 promoter. The present data demonstrates that HBV-infection induces cIAP2 expression in the liver by activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway through promoting the binding of NF-κB to cIAP2 promoter, which may lead to carcinogenesis. The findings from the present study provide more information for understanding HBV-induced liver cancer and also offer a potential target for treatment or diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Junquan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Zhuo C, Zhou D, Zhang M, Zhang F, Chen M, Xu S, Chen Z. Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 1 (SNHG1) and Chromosome 2 Open Reading Frame 48 (C2orf48) as Potential Prognostic Signatures for Liver Cancer by Constructing Regulatory Networks. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920482. [PMID: 32036380 PMCID: PMC7029818 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The present study sought to identify potential signatures that can predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Material/Methods The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and clinical information of liver cancer patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified between liver cancer and adjacent normal tissues. After predicting lncRNA–miRNA and miRNA–mRNA pairs using online databases, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these differentially expressed genes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results After constructing the ceRNA network, 2 lncRNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) and chromosome 2 open reading frame 48 (C2orf48) with the most nodes were identified. Correlation analysis revealed that SNHG1 was correlated with miR-195 and C2orf48 was correlated with miR-195 and miR-93. High expression of SNHG1, C2orf48, and miR-93 can contribute to poorer clinical outcomes compared to low expression. Furthermore, low miR-195 expression was correlated with shorter survival time than was high expression. SNHG1 and C2orf48 were closely associated with histology grade. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that SNHG1 and C2orf48 are risk factors for liver cancer. Conclusions Our findings revealed that SNHG1 and C2orf48 possess potential prognostic value and should be considered as possible biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes for patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Changhua Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Mingji Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Minyong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoshuo Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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29
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Hu WY, Wei HY, Li KM, Wang RB, Xu XQ, Feng R. LINC00511 as a ceRNA promotes cell malignant behaviors and correlates with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients by modulating miR-195/EYA1 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109642. [PMID: 31731191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a growing number of reports indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the development of various cancers. However, the performance of LINC00511 is still limited in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, we attempted to assess the effect of LINC00511 and underlying mechanism in HCC progression. METHODS TCGA and GEO database acted as supporters to provide us clinical samples data. Overall survival (OS) analyses were plotted using Kaplan-Meier method. Five cell lines were utilized to detect LINC00511 expression level and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects on cell behaviors. The correlations between LINC00511 and miR-195 or eyes absent homolog 1 (EYA1) were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were fulfilled to ascertain the mRNA and protein expression levels. RESULTS In this study, we found that LINC00511 was high-regulated in HCC tissue samples and cell lines, which might be linked with unfavorable prognosis of HCC patients and clinical parameters. Loss-of-function experiments determined that LINC00511 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and invasive activity in HepG2 cells, while gain-of-function experiments showed the counter impacts in Huh7 cells. Bioinformatics tools and luciferase reporter assays revealed that LINC00511 may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-195 and positively correlate with EYA1, which was reinforced by rescue experiments. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicated that LINC00511 interacted with EYA1 promoted HCC development via mediating miR-195, proposing a promising therapeutic biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Hu
- Department of chemotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Department of Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Ke-Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ren-Ben Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academic of Medical Science, Jinan, 250117, China.
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30
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Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1: An update on expression pattern and functions in carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 112:104330. [PMID: 31712117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is among long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which has disapproved the old term of "junk DNA" which was used for majority of human genome which are not transcribed to proteins. An extensive portion of literature points to the fundamental role of this lncRNA in tumorigenesis process of diverse cancers ranging from solid tumors to leukemia. Being firstly identified in lung cancer, it has prognostic and diagnostic values in several cancer types. Consistent with the proposed oncogenic roles for this lncRNA, most of studies have shown up-regulation of MALAT1 in malignant tissues compared with non-malignant/normal tissues of the same source. However, few studies have shown down-regulation of MALAT1 in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. In the current study, we have conducted a comprehensive literature search and provided an up-date on the role of MALAT1 in cancer biology. Our investigation underscores a potential role as a diagnostic/prognostic marker and a putative therapeutic target for MALAT1.
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31
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Liang C, Yue C, Liang C, Ge H, Wei Z, Li G, Wu J, Huang H, Guo J. The Long Non-Coding RNA SBF2-AS1 Exerts Oncogenic Functions In Gastric Cancer By Targeting The miR-302b-3p/E2F Transcription Factor 3 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8879-8893. [PMID: 31802900 PMCID: PMC6826189 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Studies show that the long non-coding RNA, SBF2-AS1, plays a critical role in cancer progression, but the role of SBF2-AS1 in gastric cancer has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of SBF2-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods A meta-analysis, based on the gene expression omnibus database and TCGA dataset was performed to explore the prognostic value of SBF2-AS1 in GC. RT-PCR was also conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic value of SBF2-AS1 in GC. The effect of SBF2-AS1 in GC cell lines was conducted by gain or loss-of-function assays, and the SBF2-AS1 target gene was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics. Results SBF2-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines, and SBF2-AS1 overexpression indicated poor overall survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, knockdown of SBF2-AS1 inhibited cell growth, invasion, and metastasis, promoted apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest. Luciferase reporter and gain- or loss-of-function assays indicated that SBF2-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous (ceRNA) for microRNA (miR)-302b-3p, which blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-302b-3p on the E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3). Conclusion SBF2-AS1 could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in GC, and SBF2-AS1 accelerates tumor progression via the miR-302b-3p/E2F3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaosen Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
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32
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Ma S, Ma J, Wang Y, Li S, Hu X, Han S, Zhou M, Zhou L, Ding Z. MALAT1-KTN1-EGFR regulatory axis promotes the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2061-2073. [PMID: 30683916 PMCID: PMC6748142 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), including MALAT1, are critical regulators of tumor development. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of LncRNAs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain underexplored. In this study, functional studies using in vitro cellular and in vivo xenograft models confirmed the pro-carcinogenic roles of MALAT1 in cSCC. Further, MALAT1 was identified to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression but did not affect EGFR mRNA expression. Transcriptomic sequencing identified kinectin 1 (KTN1) as the key mediator for MALAT1 regulation of EGFR. Mechanistic study revealed that MALAT1 interacts with c-MYC to form a complex and directly binds to the promoter region of KTN1 gene and enhances its transactivation to positively regulate EGFR protein expression. Our findings, therefore, establish a novel c-MYC-assisted MALAT1-KTN1-EGFR axis, which contributes to cSCC development and may serve as novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Grants
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81573076 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81172634 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- 2016A030313738 Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)
- Grants from the School of Public Health of Southern Medical University, China (Grant No.GW201612)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shudong Ma
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mo J, Li B, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Jiang H, Cheng X, Wu X, Zhang Y. LINC00473 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via acting as a ceRNA for microRNA-195 and increasing HMGA2 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109403. [PMID: 31562977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a most aggressive malignant tumor. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC are still completely unclear. LINC00473 is identified as a tumor promoter in many cancers. In this investigation, the function of LINC00473 was specifically focused on. We exhibited that LINC00473 was obviously elevated in HCC cells compared to QSG-7701 cells. Functionally, down-regulation of LINC00473 could prevent HCC cell viability and cell proliferation. For another, HCC cell colony formation capacity was greatly restrained while cell apoptosis was triggered by loss of LINC00473. Meanwhile, would-healing assay and transwell invasion experiments were employed in our present study. As demonstrated, we observed that HCC cell migratory and invasive ability were obviously suppressed by the silence of LINC00473. Apart from these, mechanistic investigations implied miR-195 was a sponge target of LINC00473. It is widely established miR-195 is a famous tumor inhibitory gene regulator in various cancers. Here, we confirmed the binding correlation between LINC00473 and miR-195 using RIP assay. Subsequently, in vivo experiments were employed and it was manifested that LINC00473 was able to promote HCC tumor growth via acting as a ceRNA to inhibit miR-195. HMGA2 is a kind of nuclear-binding protein and it is involved in various cancers. We predicted it as a target of miR-195 and we confirmed their correlation. In addition, HMGA2 was repressed by loss of LINC00473, which was rescued by miR-195 inhibitors. Then, we found that angiogenic fator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was inhibited by loss of LINC00473 whereas anti-angiogenic factor EPN2 was induced in vivo. Taken all these together, our study revealed the significance of LINC00473/miR-195/HMGA2 signaling axis for the first time in HCC progression. It was suggested the potential possibility of LINC00473 as an indicator for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggang Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou college, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Youwen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou college, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Xingjing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou college, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou college, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou college, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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Shang W, Adzika GK, Li Y, Huang Q, Ding N, Chinembiri B, Rashid MSI, Machuki JO. Molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs, transforming growth factor-β, and long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6684-6699. [PMID: 31523930 PMCID: PMC6826001 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At the heart of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lies disruption of signaling pathways at the level of molecules, genes, and cells. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the disease progression of HCC. For instance, dysregulated expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been observed in patients with HCC. As such, these RNAs are potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCC. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of ncRNA, have also been recognized to participate in the initiation and progression of HCC. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is another element which is now recognized to play crucial roles in HCC. It has been implicated in many biological processes such as survival, immune surveillance, and cell proliferation. In HCC, TGF‐β promotes disease progression by two mechanisms: an intrinsic signaling pathway and the extrinsic pathway. Through these pathways, it modulates various microenvironment factors such as inflammatory mediators and fibroblasts. An interesting yet‐to‐be resolved concept is whether the HCC‐promoting role of TGF‐β pathways is limited to a subset of HCC patients or it is involved in the whole process of HCC development. This review summarizes recent advancements to highlight the roles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and TGF‐β in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yujie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qike Huang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningding Ding
- Department of Neurophysiology and Location Diagnosis, Guangdong 39 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bianca Chinembiri
- Physiology Department, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yuan LT, Chang JH, Lee HL, Yang YC, Su SC, Lin CL, Yang SF, Chien MH. Genetic Variants of lncRNA MALAT1 Exert Diverse Impacts on the Risk and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091406. [PMID: 31500187 PMCID: PMC6780489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding (lnc)RNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, potential genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in MALAT1 that affect the susceptibility and progression of HCC have rarely been explored. Three tagging SNPs, viz., rs3200401 C > T, rs619586 A > G, and rs1194338 C > A, in MALAT1 were genotyped by a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 394 HCC patients and 1199 healthy controls. A stratified analysis showed that younger patients (<55 years) with the MALAT1 rs619586 G allele had a decreased risk of HCC under a codominant model (AOR = 0.289, 95% CI: 0.108–0.773, p = 0.013) and dominant model (AOR = 0.286, 95% CI: 0.107–0.765, p = 0.013). Female patients and patients with a smoking habit who carried the CA + AA genotype of rs1194338 had a lower risk of developing vascular invasion (p = 0.049) and a high Child–Pugh grade (B or C) (p = 0.036), respectively. Under the dominant model, smokers with the MALAT1 rs3200401 CT + TT genotype had a higher frequency of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (p = 0.034). Moreover, the aspartate aminotransferase was higher in patients with the rs3200401 CT + TT genotype. Furthermore, analyses of clinical datasets revealed that MALAT1 expression level was gradually unregulated during HCC development from normal liver, cirrhotic liver, dysplastic liver to HCC and correlated with poor survival rates in HCC patients, especially in the hepatitis virus-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Yuan
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, FooYin University Hospital, Pingtung 92847, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Ji X, Zhang J, Liu L, Lin Z, Pi L, Lin Z, Tian N, Lin X, Chen S, Yu X, Gao Y. Association of tagSNPs at lncRNA MALAT-1 with HCC Susceptibility in a Southern Chinese Population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10895. [PMID: 31350456 PMCID: PMC6659651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and a transcriptional regulator, Metastasis associated lung adenocarcioma transcript-1 (MALAT-1) has been reported to be associated with proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effects of MALAT-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on HCC remains poorly understood. This study, including 624 HCC cases and 618 controls, aimed to explore the potential associations between three common tagSNPs at MALAT-1 and HCC risk in a Southern Chinese population. No significant associations were observed between the three tagSNPs and HCC risk under any genetic models after adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, there were no any significant associations in the stratified analysis, combined effect analysis, and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis. Unification analysis of mediation and interaction on HCC risk further showed that four decomposition of total effects ((controlled direct effect (CDE), the reference interaction effect (INTref), the mediated interaction effect (INTmed), or the pure indirect effect (PIE)) were also not significant. Neither was the association between the MALAT-1 SNPs and progression factors of HCC, including TNM staging, metastasis, and cancer embolus; Overall, this study suggested that tagSNPs rs11227209, rs619586, and rs3200401 at MALAT-1 were not significantly associated with HCC susceptibility. Nevertheless, large population-based studies are warranted to further explore the role of MALAT-1 SNPs in HCC incidence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lucheng Pi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Nana Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Xinqi Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Xinfa Yu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
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Jiang S, Guo S, Li H, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Identification and Functional Verification of MicroRNA-16 Family Targeting Intestinal Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) in vitro and in vivo. Front Physiol 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31316397 PMCID: PMC6610423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a key transporter of iron uptake and delivering in human and animals. However, post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1 is poorly understood. In this study, bioinformatic algorithms (TargetScan, PITA, miRanda, and miRDB) were applied to predict, screen, analyze, and obtain microRNA-16 family members (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) targeting DMT1, seed sequence and their binding sites within DMT1 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) region. As demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assays, luciferase activity of DMT1 3′ UTR reporter was impaired/enhanced when microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid/its inhibitor was transfected to HCT116 cells. Corroboratively, co-transfection of microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid and DMT1 3′ UTR mutant reporter repressed the luciferase activity in HCT116 cells. In addition, over-expression microRNA-16 family member augmented its expression and diminished DMT1 protein expression in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, tail vein injection of miR-16 assay revealed reduced plasma iron levels, higher miR-16 expression, and lower DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum of mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that microRNA-16 family (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) is confirmed to repress intestinal DMT1 expression in vitro and in vivo, which will give valuable insight into post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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38
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Bai T, Liu Y, Li B. LncRNA LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐let‐7a‐5p/
EGFR
‐related pathway regulates the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer DU‐145 cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1537-1551. [PMID: 31188543 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding Hebei P.R.China
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province) Shijiiazhuang Hebei China
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Mirhosseini SA, Sarfi M, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mirazakhani M, Maniati M, Amani J. Modulation of cancer cell signaling by long noncoding RNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12224-12246. [PMID: 31069841 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways play a very important role in almost all molecular processes in the cell, and are generally composed of a complex set of cascades in which enzymes and proteins play a key role. These signaling pathways include different types of cellular signaling classified based on their receptors and effector proteins such as enzyme-linked receptors, cytokine receptors, and G-protein-coupled receptors each of which is subdivided into different classes. Signaling pathways are tightly controlled by different mechanisms mostly thorough inhibiting/activating their receptors or effector proteins. In the last two decades, our knowledge of molecular biology has changed dramatically and today we know that more than 85% of the human genome expresses noncoding RNAs most of which are crucial in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cells. One of these noncoding RNAs are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) containing more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs participate in the progression of cancer growth through several mechanism including signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the most important of lncRNAs and their effect on important signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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40
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Wang QM, Lian GY, Song Y, Huang YF, Gong Y. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes tumorigenesis and immune escape of diffuse large B cell lymphoma by sponging miR-195. Life Sci 2019; 231:116335. [PMID: 30898647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-L1 enhanced the tumorigenesis and immune escape abilities of cancers. The upstream mechanisms of PD-L1 in regulating tumorigenesis and immune escape of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remained unclear. METHODS Human DLBCL cell line OCI-Ly10 and DLBCL patient samples were used in this study. MALAT1 was knocked down by shRNA. MiR-195 was inhibited by miR-195 inhibitor. Levels of MALAT1, PD-L1, miR-195 and CD8 were detected by RT-qPCR. Protein levels of PD-L1, Ras, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, Slug, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin were detected by western blotting. The interaction between MALAT1 and miR-195, miR-195 and PD-L1 were detected by luciferase assay. OCI-Ly10 cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays, respectively. Migration was detected by transwell assay. Cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was detected by LDH cytotoxicity kit. Proliferation and apoptosis of CD8+ T cell co-cultured with OCI-Ly10 cells were analyzed by CFSE and Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS MALAT1, PD-L1 and CD8 were up-regulated in DLBCL tissues while miR-195 was down-regulated. MiR-195 was negatively correlated with MALAT1 and PD-L1. MALAT1 could sponge miR-195 to regulate the expression of PD-L1. shMALAT1 treatment increased miR-195 level and decreased PD-L1 level. It also inhibited cell proliferation, migration and immune escape ability while increased apoptosis ratio of OCI-Ly10 cells. shMALAT1 treatment in OCI-Ly10 cells also promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. Knocking down of MALAT1 also suppressed EMT-like process via Ras/ERK signaling pathway. These effects were all rescued by miR-195 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 sponged miR-195 to regulate proliferation, apoptosis and migration and immune escape abilities of DLBCL by regulation of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
| | - Guang-Yu Lian
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Fang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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41
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Sun Z, Zhang T, Chen B. Long Non-Coding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting c-Met and SOX4 via miR-34a/c-5p and miR-449a/b. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1410-1422. [PMID: 30793707 PMCID: PMC6396440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a functional long non-coding RNA involved in many biologic processes. The study was aimed to explore the functional roles of MALAT1 in osteosarcoma progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 76 osteosarcoma tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from surgical resection. MALAT1, miRNAs, and genes mRNA expression levels were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression level, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay respectively. The target relationships among miRNAs, MALAT1, and mRNA were detected via dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found that MALAT1 was frequently upregulated in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines and a high level of MALAT1 predicted poor overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further study showed a positive correlation between MALAT1 and c-Met or SOX4 expression. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MALAT1, as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), regulated osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis through competitively binding to miR-34a/c-5p and miR-449a/b. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study illustrates a new regulatory mechanism for MALAT1 and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Yang J, Nie J, Ma X, Wei Y, Peng Y, Wei X. Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30782187 PMCID: PMC6379961 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 898] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of drugs targeting PI3K signaling, many of which are currently employed in clinical trials evaluation, and it is becoming increasingly clear that PI3K inhibitors are effective in inhibiting tumor progression. PI3K inhibitors are subdivided into dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-PI3K inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors. In this review, we performed a critical review to summarize the role of the PI3K pathway in tumor development, recent PI3K inhibitors development based on clinical trials, and the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Dinescu S, Ignat S, Lazar AD, Constantin C, Neagu M, Costache M. Epitranscriptomic Signatures in lncRNAs and Their Possible Roles in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010052. [PMID: 30654440 PMCID: PMC6356509 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the amazing exponential growth in knowledge related to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in cell homeostasis or dysregulated pathological states, little is known so far about the links between the chemical modifications occurring in lncRNAs and their function. Generally, ncRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, but RNA modifications occurring in lncRNAs generate an additional layer of gene expression control. Chemical modifications that have been reported in correlation with lncRNAs include m⁶A, m⁵C and pseudouridylation. Up to date, several chemically modified long non-coding transcripts have been identified and associated with different pathologies, including cancers. This review presents the current level of knowledge on the most studied cancer-related lncRNAs, such as the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), the Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), or the X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), as well as more recently discovered forms, and their potential roles in different types of cancer. Understanding how these RNA modifications occur, and the correlation between lncRNA changes in structure and function, may open up new therapeutic possibilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Ignat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea Daniela Lazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Yu Q, Xiang L, Chen Z, Liu X, Ou H, Zhou J, Yang D. MALAT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate SMAD5 expression by acting as a sponge for miR-142-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:39. [PMID: 31168355 PMCID: PMC6509837 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs are involved in the pathology of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is increased in numerous types of tumors and is involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. MALAT1 level was reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, but its roles and the specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS The expression of MALAT1 and miR-142-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, cell lines and adjacent non-tumor tissues was assessed by Q-PCR. The putative-binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-142-3p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The expression of MALAT1 in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was knocked down by transfection with MALAT1 siRNAs. Cell viability was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after the indicated transfection in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by EdU assay, and cell apoptosis was explored by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion potency of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was assessed by the cell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay. Protein level of vimentin, E-cadherin and SMAD5 were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Overexpressed MALAT1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA sponge for miR-142-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma. The knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial cell-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promoted apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via miR-142-3p. MiR-142-3p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, and promoted the cell apoptosis by targeting SMAD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. MALAT1 promoted tumor growth by regulating the expression of miR-142-3p in vivo. CONCLUSION MALAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by antagonizing miR-142-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangfeng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanjun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huohui Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Zhu J, Yang J. Emerging role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with digestive system malignancies: A meta-analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2159-2170. [PMID: 30719108 PMCID: PMC6350192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system malignancies are the most common cancer types worldwide and exhibit an extremely low overall 5-year survival rate. Therefore, clinically applicable biomarkers for predicting clinical outcome are urgently required. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is abnormally expressed in several cancer types. However, to the best of our knowledge, the association between MALAT1 expression and the prognosis of digestive system malignancies remains unknown. Therefore, the current study performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the association between MALAT1 expression and digestive system malignancies. A total of 1,157 Asian patients from 12 eligible studies [eight studies that investigated overall survival (OS), two studies that investigated disease-free survival and two studies that investigated both indicators] were analyzed. The present results identified a significant association between MALAT1 abundance and poor OS in patients with digestive system malignancies, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–1.88; P<0.001]. The tumor type, region, sample size and analysis type did not alter the predictive value of MALAT1 as an independent factor for survival. Furthermore, MALAT1 overexpression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer, with HRs of 1.89 (95% CI, 1.29–2.49), 1.76 (95% CI, 0.89–2.63), 1.46 (95% CI, 0.76–2.17) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.04–1.78), respectively. In particular, increased MALAT1 expression levels were significantly associated with decreased OS in patients with colorectal cancer (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.77–4.31). In conclusion, lncRNA MALAT1 may be a potential prognostic factor for digestive system malignancies in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223005, P.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Hu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jianshen Zhu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jinyou Yang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223005, P.R. China
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Abstract
Purpose The research of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has become a new passion with the discovery of abundant new lncRNAs and extensive investigation of their roles in various diseases, especially in cancers. Metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) emerges as a hotspot, which has been reported to be involved in dysregulation of cell signaling and closely correlated with cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. This review is a brief update of the current knowledge related to the role of MALAT1 in cancer-associated molecular pathways and pathophysiology and possible determinants for MALAT1 to function as a biomarker, aiming to stimulate the basic investigation of lncRNA MALAT1 as well as its translation to clinical applications. Methods We have selected vast literature from electronic databases including studies associated with its clinical significance and the pivotal functions in cancer processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, immunity, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Results Studies have shown that aberrant expression of MALAT1 is related to cancer pathophysiology with the potential to be translated clinically and MALAT1 can regulate cancer processes by interacting with molecules, such as proteins, RNAs and DNAs, and further altering different signal pathways. Conclusion MALAT1 lncRNA promises to be a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis as well as prognosis. Additionally, it might be a therapeutic target for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China, .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qiong-Ni Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China, .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China, .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China, .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China, .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA,
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Qiu JJ, Lin XJ, Tang XY, Zheng TT, Lin YY, Hua KQ. Exosomal Metastasis‑Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Promotes Angiogenesis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1960-1973. [PMID: 30585260 PMCID: PMC6299373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate cell-cell crosstalk in cancer progression by transferring their molecular cargos, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a well-known lncRNA associated with cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the presence of MALAT1 in exosomes and the roles and clinical values of exosomal MALAT1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain unknown. The present study focused on the crosstalk between EOC cells and endothelial cells mediated by exosomal MALAT1 and aimed to explore the roles of exosomes and exosomal MALAT1 in EOC angiogenesis and to reveal the clinical relevance and prognostic predictive value of serum exosomal MALAT1 in EOC. We observed that MALAT1 was increased in both metastatic EOC cells and their secreted exosomes. Exosomal MALAT1 derived from EOC cells was transferred to recipient human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via exosomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that MALAT1 knockdown impaired the exosome-mediated proangiogenic activity of HUVECs through certain key angiogenesis-related genes. Clinically, elevated serum exosomal MALAT1 was highly correlated with an advanced and metastatic phenotype of EOC and was an independent predictive factor for EOC overall survival (OS). Moreover, a prognostic nomogram model we constructed showed a good prediction of the probability of 3-year OS of EOC patients according to the c-index (0.751, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.691-0.811) and calibration curve. Collectively, our data provide a novel mechanism by which EOC cells transfer MALAT1 via exosomes to recipient HUVECs and influence HUVECs by stimulating angiogenesis-related gene expression, eventually promoting angiogenesis. Additionally, circulating exosomal MALAT1 can serve as a promising serum-based, noninvasive predictive biomarker for EOC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ke-Qin Hua
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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Gramantieri L, Baglioni M, Fornari F, Laginestra MA, Ferracin M, Indio V, Ravaioli M, Cescon M, De Pace V, Leoni S, Coadă CA, Negrini M, Bolondi L, Giovannini C. LncRNAs as novel players in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35085-35099. [PMID: 30416681 PMCID: PMC6205555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are ncRNAs more than 200 nucleotides long that participate to a wide range of biological functions. However, their role in cancer is poorly known. By using an NGS-based approach we analyzed the intragenic and poliA-lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and we assayed the relationships between their deregulated expression and clinical-pathological characteristics. The expression profile of lncRNAs was studied in a discovery series of 28 HCC and matched cirrhosis and was validated in an independent cohort of 32 HCC patients both in tissue and serum. The correlation between lncRNA expression and clinical-pathological variables, EMT markers and putative sponged microRNAs level were investigated. Functional experiments were performed in HCC-derived cell lines to clarify the role of selected lncRNAs in HCC. A panel of deregulated lncRNAs differentiated HCC from cirrhotic tissue. CASC9 and LUCAT1 were up-regulated in a subset of HCC-derived cell lines and in half of HCCs which displayed a lower recurrence after surgery. LUCAT1 and CASC9 silencing increased cell motility and invasion capability in HCC cells and influenced the EMT phenotype. LUCAT1 was demonstrated to directly sponge the onco-miR-181d-5p. Both LUCAT1 and CASC9 were secreted in exosomes, and higher circulating CASC9 levels were associated with tumor size and HCC recurrence after surgery, suggesting its potential usage as putative non-invasive prognostic biomarker of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Pace
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Leoni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coadă
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abbastabar M, Sarfi M, Golestani A, Khalili E. lncRNA involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and prognosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:900-913. [PMID: 30564069 PMCID: PMC6295623 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic lncRNAs are RNA molecules defined to be greater than 200 bp in length that are not translated to a protein and operate through several mechanisms, including participating in chromatin remodeling and methylation, influencing the integrity and stability of proteins and complexes, or acting as a sponge for miRNA inhibition. A number of recent studies have concentrated on the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent histological type of liver tumors, accounting for about 80 % of the cases worldwide. Lack of proper molecular markers for diagnosis of HCC and treatment evaluation is a significant problem. Dysregulated expression of HCC-related lncRNAs such as MEG-3, MALAT1, HULC, HOTAIR, and H19 have been identified and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis and diagnosis. In this review, we summarized recent highlighted functions and molecular mechanisms of the most extensively studied lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and their potential for serving as probable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ehsan Khalili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Lei L, Chen J, Huang J, Lu J, Pei S, Ding S, Kang L, Xiao R, Zeng Q. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:134-151. [PMID: 30132842 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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