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Bai J, Chen S. LncRNA CASC9 enhances the stability of SOCS-1 by combining with FUS to alleviate sepsis-induced liver injury. Cytokine 2023; 171:156346. [PMID: 37751673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury plays a major role in the development of sepsis. Liver damage after sepsis is an independent risk factor for multiple organ failure and death. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) exerts a protective effect on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, the role and underlying mechanism haven't been fully evaluated. METHODS Animal and cell models of sepsis were established in vivo and in vitro experiments. The histological and apoptosis analyses of liver tissues were tested by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected via using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of CASC9, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, and caspase3 were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were applied to examine cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA-pull down assay were used to verify the binding relationships among CASC9, SOCS-1 and FUS. RESULTS CASC9 and SOCS-1 were lowly expressed in animal and cell models of sepsis liver injury. CASC9 or SOCS-1 overexpression could inhibit cell apoptosis upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. Meanwhile, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were reduced by CASC9 or SOCS-1 overexpression in LPS-induced LO2 cells. Mechanistically, CASC9 interacted with fused in sarcoma (FUS) to stabilize the mRNA of SOCS-1. SOCS-1 silencing antagonized the effects of CASC9 on improving sepsis liver injury. CONCLUSION CASC9 overexpression ameliorated the sepsis-induced liver injury, and the probable underlying mechanism may be that CASC9 stabilized the SOCS-1 mRNA by interacting with FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Bai
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, PR China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhao C, Gong Q, Tang Z, Li H, Tao J. CASC9 potentiates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by reciprocally activating NRF2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1549-1560. [PMID: 35913601 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine resistance is a frequently occurring and intractable obstacle in pancreatic cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Adaptive regulation of oxidative stress and aberrant activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway are associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we found that gemcitabine upregulated the expression of CASC9 in a dose-dependent manner, partially via induction of reactive oxygen species, whereas inhibition of CASC9 expression enhanced gemcitabine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, suppression of CASC9 level inhibited the expression of NRF2 and the downstream genes NQO1 and HO-1, and vice versa, indicating that CASC9 forms a positive feedback loop with NRF2 signaling and modulates the level of oxidative stress. Silencing CASC9 attenuated NF-κB pathway activation in pancreatic cancer cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine chemotherapy in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CASC9 plays a key role in driving resistance to gemcitabine through a reciprocal loop with the NRF2-antioxidant signaling pathway and by activating NF-κB signaling. Our study reveals potential targets that can effectively reverse resistance to gemcitabine chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Longjiang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuanbing Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Qiu H, Yang D, Li X, Feng F. LncRNA CASC9 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma through targeting miR-874-3p/SOX12 axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:460. [PMID: 36266695 PMCID: PMC9585709 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant bone tumor. This study aimed to explore the biological role of long on-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC9 and its regulatory mechanism in OC. METHODS The CASC9 expressions in OS cells and tissues were measured using qRT-PCR. The functional role of CASC9 in OC was studied using MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay, and xenograft tumor assay. In addition, the mechanism of CASC9 function was determined using luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was used to analyze protein expressions in our paper. RESULTS LncRNA CASC9 was found to be up-regulated in OS. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of OS cells. Besides, miR-874-3p was identified as the target of CASC9, and SOX12 acted as a potential target of miR-874-3p. The down-regulation of miR-874-3p recovered the reduction in cell invasion and proliferation in vitro which were induced by CASC9 knockdown and delayed the tumor progression in vivo. CONCLUSION LncRNA CASC9 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in OS via miR-874-3p/SOX12 axis. Our study might provide novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Di Yang
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fabo Feng
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Fan SJ, Cui Y, Li YH, Xu JC, Shen YY, Huang H, Hu ZC. LncRNA CASC9 activated by STAT3 promotes the invasion of breast cancer and the formation of lymphatic vessels by enhancing H3K27ac-activated SOX4. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:848-857. [PMID: 35860965 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in breast cancer (BC), but the underlying mechanisms remain large unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in BC. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. The proliferative and metastatic abilities of BC cells were tested by cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays, respectively. The formation of lymphatic vessels was detected by tube formation assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify molecular interactions. CASC9 was found to be highly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, and ectopic overexpression was positively associated with tumor volume, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, CASC9 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of BC cells, as well as BC-associated invasion and formation of lymphatic vessels of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Mechanical studies demonstrated that CASC9 could be transcriptionally activated by STAT3 and elevate SOX4 expression by enhancing the acetylation of its promoter region. Our results illustrated that STAT3-activated CASC9 served as a tumor-promoting gene involved in promoting BC invasion and BC-associated formation of lymphatic vessels by upregulating SOX4 through altering H3K27ac level. This finding elucidated a new underlying network of CASC9 in the metastasis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ji Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Chi Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ze-Cheng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Lei Y, Luo W, Gong Q, Luo L, Jing W. Long Non-Coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 Regulates the Malignant Biological Behavior of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:807052. [PMID: 35419295 PMCID: PMC8995468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.807052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major kind of head and neck epithelial carcinoma. Increasing evidences reveal that long noncoding RNAs are considered as vital regulators in tumorigenesis and progression. Although previous studies have found that cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) highly expresses in NPC, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied. In this study, we found that CASC9 was overexpressed and associated with worse prognosis in NPC. CASC9 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Mechanism research confirmed CASC9 regulated the malignant biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present study might provide a novel mechanism for tumorigenesis and progression of NPC and contribute to the development of an effective molecular target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuyang Jing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yao J, Fu J, Liu Y, Qu W, Wang G, Yan Z. LncRNA CASC9 promotes proliferation, migration and inhibits apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down-regulating miR-424-5p. Ann Hepatol 2022; 23:100297. [PMID: 33346094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES CASC9 and miR-424-5p are closely related with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CASC9 involved with miR-424-5p on the development of HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of CASC9 and miR-424-5p in HCC tissues/cells and adjacent normal tissues/human hepatic epithelial cells, and to analyze the relationship of CASC9 with the clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC patients. Then, cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 and1 clone formation assays. Apoptosis of HCC cells was measured by flow cytometry. Besides, cell migration and invasion were determined by scratch wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. DIANA-LncBase V2 and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were used to verify the targeted relationship between CASC9 and miR-424-5p. Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expressions were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Higher expression of CASC9 was observed in HCC tissues/ cells than in adjacent normal tissues/ human hepatic epithelial cells, and was closely linked to poor prognosis of HCC, tumor size, TNM stage, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Down-regulation of CASC9 decreased the proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells while enhancing apoptosis. Besides, CASC9 was negatively correlated with miR-424-5p. MiR-424-5p inhibitor enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and migration while decreasing apoptosis. Interestingly, siRNA-CASC9 partially offset the effects of miR-424-5p inhibitor on HCC cells. CONCLUSION CASC9 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration and inhibited apoptosis in HCC cells by inhibiting miR-424-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, China
| | - Jindong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, China
| | | | - Wei Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, China
| | - Guangdong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, China
| | - Zaojun Yan
- Infection Department, People's Hospital of Rizhao, China.
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Chang J, Zhang Y, Ye X, Guo H, Lu K, Liu Q, Guo Y. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) CASC9/microRNA(miR)-590-3p/sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1)/NF-κB axis promotes proliferation and migration in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8709-8723. [PMID: 34711117 PMCID: PMC8806761 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1977555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)–microRNA–mRNA signaling axes have recently been shown to have a key role in the development of breast cancer (BC). In this study, we investigated how the cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) gene affects the cell growth, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of BC cells. The levels of microRNA-590-3p (miR-590-3p), CASC9, and the sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) gene were determined through qRT-PCR. We conducted cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays to assess cell proliferation, transwell assays to detect cell migration/invasion, and flow cytometry to evaluate cell apoptosis. StarBase v2.0 was used to predict interactions between miR-590-3p and SIX1 or CASC9, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify these predictions. CASC9 protein was overexpressed in BC cells and tissues, while CASC9 knockdown inhibited BC cell growth, invasion, and migration and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, we verified that CASC9 competes for binding with miR-590-3p. Moreover, SIX1 was determined to be a target of miR-590–3p, and SIX1 expression was inhibited by miR-590-3p overexpression. CASC9 enhanced BC development by downregulating miR-590-3p and upregulating SIX1 during the activation of the NF-κB pathway. These data suggest that the CASC9/miR-590-3p/SIX1/NF-κB axis is involved in breast cancer progression, providing insight into the function of CASC9 in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yli Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, China
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Bing Z, Han J, Zheng Z, Liang N. FOXO3-induced oncogenic lncRNA CASC9 enhances gefitinib resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer through feedback loop. Life Sci 2021; 287:120012. [PMID: 34619168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, which exhibits notable clinical efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, gefitinib resistance is a critical obstacle for NSCLC targeted therapy. Here, we investigated the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNA CASC9 in NSCLC gefitinib resistance. Screening analysis and RT-qPCR demonstrated that CASC9 was up-regulated in the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells (PC9/GR). Moreover, high-expression of CASC9 acted as an unfavorable factor for NSCLC patients. Functionally, CASC9 promoted the proliferation and gefitinib resistance of PC9/GR cells in vitro, and knockdown of CASC9 repressed the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, CASC9 epigenetically promoted the FOXO3 expression via inhibiting miR-195-5p. In turn, transcription factor FOXO3 bound with the promoter region of CASC9 to enhance CASC9 transcriptional level, thereby forming CASC9/miR-195-5p/FOXO3 positive feedback loop. In conclusion, our research identified the regulation of CASC9/miR-195-5p/FOXO3 feedback loop on NSCLC gefitinib resistance, which might help researchers develop potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Zhang Z, Fang E, Rong Y, Han H, Gong Q, Xiao Y, Li H, Mei P, Li H, Zhu Z, Tang Z, Tao J. Hypoxia-induced lncRNA CASC9 enhances glycolysis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer by a positive feedback loop with AKT/HIF-1α signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:123-137. [PMID: 33520364 PMCID: PMC7840708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the dysregulations and pivotal roles of lncRNAs in the development and progression of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Enhanced glycolytic flux and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been considered as important factors in driving the malignance of pancreatic cancer. Here, we sought to evaluate the biological role and involved mechanism of lncRNA CASC9 (CASC9) in pancreatic cancer. Our present study showed that CASC9 was upregulated in various pancreatic cancer cell lines. Loss- and gain-of function of CASC9 demonstrated its critical roles in promoting the glycolysis and EMT phenotypes of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, knockdown of CASC9 inhibited the tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, our findings showed that hypoxia induced the expression of CASC9 and enhanced the binding of HIF-1α to its promoter. We also demonstrated that the positive feedback loop of CASC9 and the AKT/HIF-1α signaling cascade partially mediated this biological process. Altogether, our results suggest that CASC9 promotes the glycolysis and EMT of pancreatic cancer by a positive feedback loop with AKT/HIF-1α signaling, which is synergistically enhanced by the tumor hypoxic niche. Our study will provide potential therapeutic targets for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Erhu Fang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yingyan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Pei Mei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Xie H, Tang J, Lu L, Li B, Wang M. CASC9 plays a role in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in vitro by upregulation of ACLY. Oral Dis 2020; 28:352-363. [PMID: 33345395 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to explore the role of cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) (SACC-83 and SACC-LM) cell malignant phenotypes. METHODS Colony formation assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to determine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. FISH assay revealed the subcellular location of CASC9. RESULTS Downregulation of CASC9 inhibited SACC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, led to cell arrest at G0/G1 phase, and facilitated cell apoptosis. In mechanism, CASC9 bound with microRNA 146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) and negatively modulated miR-146b-5p expression. MiR-146b-5p directly targeted 3' untranslated region of ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACLY) to degrade ACLY in SACC cells. CASC9 upregulated ACLY expression through competitively binding with miR-146b-5p. Furthermore, rescue assays indicated that ACLY overexpression counteracted the effects triggered by CASC9 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in SACC cells. CONCLUSION CASC9 facilitated the malignant phenotypes of SACC cells by the regulation of the miR-146b-5p/ACLY axis. These findings might lay foundation for SACC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Medical Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Duan HY, Ding X, Luo HS. Clinicopathological association and prognostic value of long non-coding RNA CASC9 in patients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3823-3831. [PMID: 32855732 PMCID: PMC7444322 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported a prognostic role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in various cancer types, but its clinical significance has remained inconclusive. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of CASC9 expression on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with cancer patients. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature and eight studies, including 565 patients with cancer, were selected. The quality of these studies was appraised with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the association between CASC9 expression and prognosis or clinicopathological features was analyzed. Patients with high expression levels of CASC9 in their tumor tissues had a lower overall survival rate compared with those in the low CASC9 expression group (hazard ratio=2.25, 95% CI: 1.60-3.17, P<0.001). Furthermore, elevated CASC9 expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion [odds ratio (OR)=2.66, 95% CI: 1.72-4.14, P<0.001], poor tumor differentiation (OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.24-4.78, P=0.009), lymph node metastasis (OR=3.42, 95% CI: 1.98-5.92, P<0.001) and advanced clinical stage (OR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.21-4.66, P<0.001). In conclusion, CASC9 is a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and should be validated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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12
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Zhan Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Wen J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis via modulating FZD6/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in bladder cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:136. [PMID: 32677984 PMCID: PMC7364562 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence have highlighted the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple cancers development and progression. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) is a novel long non-coding RNA and plays important regulatory role in diverse biological processes of cancers. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of CASC9 in bladder cancer is still unknown. METHODS Comprehensive lncRNAs profiling analysis were conducted to identify lncRNAs profile alterations and uncover valuable lncRNA candidates for bladder cancer. The expression level of CASC9 was determined in a total of 106 patients with bladder cancer. Loss-of-function experiments were performed to identify the functions of CASC9 in tumor growth and metastasis of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and further experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of CASC9. RESULTS This study found that CASC9 expression was markedly upregulated in bladder cancer and related to histological grade, TNM stage and prognosis. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that CASC9 functions as a miRNA sponge to positively regulate FZD6 expression and subsequently activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus playing an oncogenic role in bladder cancer pathogenesis. CONCLUSION In summary, lncRNA CASC9 plays a critical regulatory role in bladder cancer. The CASC9/miR-497-5p/ FZD6 axis provides insights for regulatory mechanism of bladder cancer, and new strategies for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lianghao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuanbao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Zhao W, Chen T, Zhao Y. Upregulated lncRNA CASC9 Contributes to Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Inhibition of miR-335-3p and Activation S100A14 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6027-6036. [PMID: 32606808 PMCID: PMC7321690 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly cancer type worldwide and the main sub-type of lung cancer. Cancer susceptibility candidate-9 (CASC9) was reported to be a key player in cancer progression. However, its function and underlying mechanism in NSCLC remain unclear. Materials and Methods Expression level of CASC9 in NSCLC tissues and cells was measured with RT-qPCR. Biological roles of CASC9 in NSCLC were analyzed with a series of in vitro experiments. Potential mechanisms of CASC9 in NSCLC were analyzed by predicting and validating the possible targets of CASC9 in NSCLC. Results In this study, we found CASC9 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. High CASC9 expression was identified as a predictor for poorer overall survival of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, functional assays showed CASC9 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while CASC9 overexpression caused opposite effects. We also found microRNA-335-3p (miR-335-3p) could act as a target of CASC9 in NSCLC and the inhibition effect of CASC9 knockdown on NSCLC progression required the activity of miR-335-3p. In addition, we identified S100 calcium-binding protein A14 (S100A14) acts as a target of miR-335-3p. Discussion Taken together, our study suggested CASC9 could promote NSCLC progression via miR-335-3p/S100A14 axis. The CASC9/miR-335-3p/S100A14 regulatory triplets identified in this work might provide new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Huo W, Tan D, Chen Q. CASC9 Facilitates Cell Proliferation in Bladder Cancer by Regulating CBX2 Expression. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:388-399. [PMID: 32570259 DOI: 10.1159/000507828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the seventh most common urologic carcinoma worldwide, approximately 430,000 patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC) every year. Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of BC. OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to explore the function and mechanism of CASC9 in BC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis and experiments including RT-qPCR, luciferase reporter, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and TUNEL staining were applied to explore the function and mechanism of CASC9 in BC tissues and cell lines. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that CASC9 was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, we found that CASC9 knockdown notably decreased proliferation while increased apoptotic rate in BC cells. Mechanistically, bioinformatics prediction and following experiments indicated that CASC9 worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of CBX2 through sponging miR-497-5p. Meanwhile, we recognized that CASC9 and miR-497-5p negatively regulated each other in a mutual way. Furthermore, we found that miR-497-5p shared binding site with CBX2. In addition, miR-497-5p could negatively regulated CBX2, while CASC9 could positively regulated CBX2. Rescue assays reveled that CBX2 overexpression could reversed the reduction of cell proliferation or the enhancement of cell apoptosis induced by CASC9 suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our study manifests the first evidence that CASC9 serves as an oncogene in BC and accelerates cell proliferation by modulating miR-497-5p/CBX2 axis. The present study may provide a cogitable target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Huo
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Chongqing Steel Company, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Chongqing Steel Company, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China,
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15
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Ding Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Long Non-Coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 9 ( CASC9) Up-Regulates the Expression of ERBB2 by Inhibiting miR-193a-5p in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1281-1292. [PMID: 32110102 PMCID: PMC7039100 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s234620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were crucial regulators in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). LncRNA susceptibility 9 (CASC9) was involved in several cancers; however, its role in CRC remains unknown. Methods RT-PCR was done to probe the expression of CASC9 and miR-193a-5p in CRC samples. CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW480) were used as cell models. The biological influence of CASC9 on cancer cells was studied using CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and TUNEL assay in vitro, and subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model in vivo. Interaction between CASC9 and miR-193a-5p was investigated by bioinformatics analysis, RT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assay. The expression level of the downstream gene of miR-193a-5p, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), was tested by Western blot. Results CASC9 was significantly up-regulated in CRC samples, while miR-193a-5p was markedly down-regulated. Overexpression of CASC9 promoted viability, migration and invasion of CRC cells, while overexpression of miR-193a-5p had the opposite effect. CASC9 could down-regulate miR-193a-5p via sponging it, and there was a negative relevancy between CASC9 and miR-193a-5p in CRC samples. CASC9 also enhanced the expression levels of ERBB2, while this effect could be reversed by co-transfection with miR-193a-5p. Conclusion CASC9, an oncogenic lncRNA, was abnormally up-regulated in CRC tissues, and it could indirectly modulate the expression of ERBB2 via reducing the expression level of miR-193a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Ding
- The First Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The First Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucui Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen X, Xu H, Sun G, Zhang Y. LncRNA CASC9 Affects Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Tongue Squamous cell Carcinoma via Regulating miR-423-5p/SOX12 Axes. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:277-287. [PMID: 32021442 PMCID: PMC6969678 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s220351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has increased in recent decades. However, the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC9 in the occurrence and progression of TSCC is unclear. In this work, we attempted to clarify the role of lncRNA CASC9 in determining the phenotype of TSCC cells, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Methods We used qRT-PCR analysis to identify the level of CASC9 mRNA expression in TSCC clinical samples and cell lines. We investigated cell proliferation, and cell migration and invasion of TSCC cells transfected with siCASC9 or siNC using CCK-8 and transwell assays. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay were employed to predict and verify the target microRNA (miRNA). Results CASC9 was up-regulated in the TSCC tissues and cells, and predicted a poor prognosis. CASC9 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the TSCC cells compared with the non-targeting control small interfering RNA (siCtrl) treatment. miR-423-5p was predicted as the targeting miRNA of CASC9; this was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. CASC9 expression showed a negative correlation with miR-423-5p expression and a positive correlation with SOX12 expression. The miR-423-5p inhibitor can rescue the carcinogenesis effect of CASC9 on TSCC cells. Conclusion Our work indicates that CASC9 plays a role in TSCC tumorigenesis; this novel information will improve TSCC molecular targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanfeng Xu
- Oncology Department, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Oncology Department, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Su H, Zhao Y. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 knockdown inhibits the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating miR-145. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019; 12:4024-4033. [PMID: 31933798 PMCID: PMC6949778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely confirmed to modulate many tumorigeneses, including NPC. However, the exact roles of cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully established. METHODS qRT-PCR was used to determine CASC9 and miR-145 expressions. Cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. The protein expressions of BAX, Bcl-2, MMP 9, and MMP 2 were measured by western blot. The possible binding sites between miR-145 and CASC9 were predicted by the starBase v2.0 online database and verified by a luciferase report and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effects of CASC9 in NPC progression in vivo. RESULTS The expression level of CASC9 was upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. The knockdown of CASC9 evidently suppressed migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in NPC cells. In addition, the inhibition of CASC9 evidently increased the BAX protein level and inhibited the expression of the Bcl-2, MMP 9, and MPP2 proteins in NPC cells. Moreover, miR-145 was directly bound to CASC9, and its inhibition reversed the inhibitory effect of CASC9 knockdown on the progression of NPC. Furthermore, the expression of miR-145 was decreased and negatively associated with CASC9 in NPC tissues and cells. Also, the knockdown of CASC9 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION CASC9 knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion but increased cell apoptosis in NPC cells by regulating miR-145, providing a novel insight for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongxia Su
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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18
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Jin Y, Xie H, Duan L, Zhao D, Ding J, Jiang G. Long Non-Coding RNA CASC9 And HIF-1α Form A Positive Feedback Loop To Facilitate Cell Proliferation And Metastasis In Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9017-9027. [PMID: 31802910 PMCID: PMC6827505 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) has been recognized as an important modulator of cell growth and metastasis in many cancers. However, its detailed roles in lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate its functions and molecular mechanism in lung cancer progression. Methods Expression of CASC9 was determined in lung cancer tissues and cell lines by real-time PCR. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were done to evaluate the cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities in vitro. Real-time PCR, Western blot and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to dissect the mechanisms. Results CASC9 was overexpressed in lung cancer specimens and cell lines. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in lung cancer cells. While overexpression of CASC9 in normal lung epithelial cells did the opposite. CASC9 interacted with HIF-1α and enhanced its protein stability. They formed a positive feedback loop by reciprocally inducing each other expression and regulated cell proliferation and metastasis. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated a novel regulatory signaling pathway, namely the CASC9/HIF-1α axis, which was involved in lung cancer progression. These findings can provide valuable insights on the potential therapy application for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaan Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Sassenberg M, Droop J, Schulz WA, Dietrich D, Loick SM, Wiek C, Scheckenbach K, Gaisa NT, Hoffmann MJ. Upregulation of the long non-coding RNA CASC9 as a biomarker for squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:806. [PMID: 31412811 PMCID: PMC6694542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are available for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers in other cancer types and in some cases functionally contribute to tumor development and progression. Here, we searched for lncRNAs useful as biomarkers in HNSCC. METHODS Public datasets were mined for lncRNA candidates. Two independent HNSCC tissue sets and a bladder cancer tissue set were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Effects of lncRNA overexpression or downregulation on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and chemosensitivity were studied in HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Data mining revealed prominently CASC9, a lncRNA significantly overexpressed in HNSCC tumor tissues according to the TCGA RNAseq data. Overexpression was confirmed by RT-qPCR analyses of patient tissues from two independent cohorts. CASC9 expression discriminated tumors from normal tissues with even higher specificity than HOTAIR, a lncRNA previously suggested as an HNSCC biomarker. Specificity of HNSCC detection by CASC9 was further improved by combination with HOTAIR. Analysis of TCGA pan-cancer data revealed significant overexpression of CASC9 across different other entities including bladder, liver, lung and stomach cancers and especially in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. By RT-qPCR analysis we furthermore detected stronger CASC9 overexpression in pure SCC of the urinary bladder and mixed urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation than in pure urothelial carcinomas. Thus, CASC9 might represent a general diagnostic biomarker and particularly for SCCs. Unexpectedly, up- or downregulation of CASC9 expression in HNSCC cell lines with low or high CASC9 expression, respectively, did not result in significant changes of cell viability, clonogenicity, migration or chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS CASC9 is a promising biomarker for HNSCC detection. While regularly overexpressed, however, this lncRNA does not seem to act as a major driver of development or progression in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Sassenberg
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Droop
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Marie Loick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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20
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Luo K, Geng J, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Zhou X, Huang Z, Shi KQ, Pan C, Wu J. LncRNA CASC9 interacts with CPSF3 to regulate TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:249. [PMID: 31186036 PMCID: PMC6560732 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that the deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributes to tumor initiation and progression; however, little is known about the biological role of cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in CRC. Methods Novel lncRNAs potentially involved in CRC tumorigenesis were identified from datasets downloaded from The Cancer LncRNome Atlas and The Atlas of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer. The CRC cell lines HCT-116, HCT-116 p53−/−, SW620, SW480, HT-29, LoVo, LS-174T, and RKO were used. Colony-formation, MTS, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and in-vivo tumorigenesis assays were used to determine the role of CASC9 in CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Potential interaction between CASC9 and cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 (CPSF3) was evaluated using RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA-protein pull-down assays. RNA-sequencing was performed to analyze gene expression following CASC9 knockdown. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and mRNA decay assays were performed to study the mechanisms involved. Results CASC9 was frequently upregulated in CRC, which was correlated with advanced TNM stage, and higher CASC9 levels were associated with poor patient outcomes. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in CRC cells, whereas ectopic CASC9 expression promoted cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that CPSF3 is a CASC9-interacting protein, and knockdown of CPSF3 mimicked the effects of CASC9 knockdown in CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that CASC9 exerts its oncogenic activity by modulating TGFβ2 mRNA stability and upregulating the levels of TGFβ2 and TERT, resulting in an increase in phosphorylated SMAD3 and activation of TGF-β signaling, and enhanced TERT complex function in CRC cells. Finally, CPSF3 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues as compared with adjacent or non-adjacent normal colon tissues, and CASC9, CPSF3, and TGFβ2 levels in human CRC tissues were positively correlated. Conclusions CASC9 is a promising prognostic predictor for patients with CRC and the CASC9-CPSF3-TGFβ2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1263-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Luo
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Geng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinkai Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yesha Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunzhu Zhou
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Center of Precision medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenwei Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Pediatric Hepatitis & Liver disease Clinical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 268 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Quan Z. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 enhances breast cancer progression by promoting metastasis through the meditation of miR-215/TWIST2 signaling associated with TGF-β expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:644-650. [PMID: 31178137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating study has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could serve as critical modulators to meditate tumor metastasis. In the study, the crucial role of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in regulating cervical cancer metastasis and progression was investigated. CASC9 expression was markedly increased in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Cervical cancer patients with low CASC9 expression showed better overall survival rate. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) could increase CASC9 expression. The crosslink between CAFs and cervical cancer cells led to CASC9 to elevate the metastasis of cervical cancer cells. CASC9 dysregulation could function as a miRNA sponge to competitively protect twist homolog 2 (TWIST2) mRNA 3'UTR from miR-215. Results in this study indicated the effects of CASC9 on cervical cancer and suggested a novel axis by which CASC9 meditated cervical cancer cell metastasis and proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Together, CASC9 could be a prognostic marker for cervical cancer to develop effective therapeutic treatment against cervical cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Imaging Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Department of Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Zhicheng Quan
- Department of Imaging Department, Central Hospital of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China.
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22
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Li X, Chen B, Chi D, Zhang Y, Jiang W. lncRNA CASC9 regulates cell migration and invasion in hemangioma endothelial cells by targeting miR-125a-3p/Nrg1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:423-432. [PMID: 30662268 PMCID: PMC6327889 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s181914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being one of the most common benign tumors, the prevalence and pathogenesis of hemangiomas (HAs) are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the biological role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC9 in the HA-derived endothelial cell (HDECs) phenotype as well as elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods The expression of CASC9 was identified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). the effect of CASC9 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HDECs were examined by CCK8, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay were utilized to investigated the mechanisms involved. The in vivo tumorigenesis capability of CASC9 on HA was also evaluated. Results The expression of CASC9 was significantly elevated in HA tissue compared to normal tissue. Down-regulation of CASC9 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of HDECs. The translation of cyclinD1, N-cadherin, Twist, and MMP2 was also decreased by CASC9 knockdown treatment. Furthermore, CASC9 over-expression exerted the opposite effect of proliferation, migration, and invasion of HDECs. We also found that CASC9 interacts with miR-125a-3p/Nrg1 to regulate cellular functions. Interestingly, miR-125a-3p can reverse the effect of CASC9 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of HDECs. Together, the clinical data showed that CASC9 expression is negatively correlated with miR-125a-3p expression and positively correlated with Nrg1 expression. CASC9 also exerted anti-tumorigenesis capability in vivo. Conclusion Our study indicates that CASC9 accelerates cell growth and invasion of HDECs and provides new insights for the diagnosis and molecular therapy of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Decai Chi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China,
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23
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Hu X, Li Y, Kong D, Hu L, Liu D, Wu J. Long noncoding RNA CASC9 promotes LIN7A expression via miR-758-3p to facilitate the malignancy of ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10800-10808. [PMID: 30537154 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) has been reported to be a pivot modulator in growth and metastasis of breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer. However, its potential roles in ovarian cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at its functions and molecular mechanism in ovarian cancer progression. We showed that CASC9 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. An elevated level of CASC9 predicts an unfavorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays illustrated that CASC9 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and accelerates tumor growth in vivo. We showed that CASC9 works as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-758-3p which targets LIN7A. CASC9 inhibits the level of miR-758-3p, and in turn stimulates LIN7A expression in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of LIN7A reverses the suppressive roles of CASC9 depletion on ovarian cancer. In sum, our findings reveal a novel undefined regulatory signaling pathway, namely CASC9/miR-758-3p/LIN7A axis, involved in ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Head and Neck and Genito-Urinary Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Breast Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Kong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Longhu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Head and Neck and Genito-Urinary Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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24
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Gramantieri L, Baglioni M, Fornari F, Laginestra MA, Ferracin M, Indio V, Ravaioli M, Cescon M, De Pace V, Leoni S, Coadă CA, Negrini M, Bolondi L, Giovannini C. LncRNAs as novel players in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35085-35099. [PMID: 30416681 PMCID: PMC6205555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are ncRNAs more than 200 nucleotides long that participate to a wide range of biological functions. However, their role in cancer is poorly known. By using an NGS-based approach we analyzed the intragenic and poliA-lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and we assayed the relationships between their deregulated expression and clinical-pathological characteristics. The expression profile of lncRNAs was studied in a discovery series of 28 HCC and matched cirrhosis and was validated in an independent cohort of 32 HCC patients both in tissue and serum. The correlation between lncRNA expression and clinical-pathological variables, EMT markers and putative sponged microRNAs level were investigated. Functional experiments were performed in HCC-derived cell lines to clarify the role of selected lncRNAs in HCC. A panel of deregulated lncRNAs differentiated HCC from cirrhotic tissue. CASC9 and LUCAT1 were up-regulated in a subset of HCC-derived cell lines and in half of HCCs which displayed a lower recurrence after surgery. LUCAT1 and CASC9 silencing increased cell motility and invasion capability in HCC cells and influenced the EMT phenotype. LUCAT1 was demonstrated to directly sponge the onco-miR-181d-5p. Both LUCAT1 and CASC9 were secreted in exosomes, and higher circulating CASC9 levels were associated with tumor size and HCC recurrence after surgery, suggesting its potential usage as putative non-invasive prognostic biomarker of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Pace
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Leoni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coadă
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Liu H, Li C, Yang J, Sun Y, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Wang Y, Jiao B. Long noncoding RNA CASC9/miR-519d/STAT3 positive feedback loop facilitate the glioma tumourigenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6338-6344. [PMID: 30270508 PMCID: PMC6237610 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence have illustrated the vital roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioma. Nevertheless, the majority of their roles and mechanisms in gliomagenesis are still largely unclear. In this study, we investigate the roles of lncRNA CASC9 on glioma tumourigenesis and authenticate its potential mechanisms. Results manifested that CASC9 was highly expressed in glioma specimens and cells, moreover, the ectopic overexpression was correlated with glioma patients’ clinic. Functional studies found that siRNA‐mediated CASC9 silencing inhibited the proliferative ability, invasion in vitro, and impaired the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanical studies revealed that miR‐519d both targeted the 3′‐UTR of CASC9 and STAT3 mRNA, which was identified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay revealed that STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, could bind with the promoter of CASC9 and activate its transcriptional level. In conclusion, our results concluded that CASC9 promotes STAT3 expression via sponging miR‐519d, in return, STAT3 activate CASC9 transcription, forming a positive feedback loop of CASC9/miR‐519d/STAT3. The novel finding provides a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiankai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology at Basic Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shunyao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jipeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Baohua Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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26
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Wu Y, Hu L, Liang Y, Li J, Wang K, Chen X, Meng H, Guan X, Yang K, Bai Y. Up-regulation of lncRNA CASC9 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth by negatively regulating PDCD4 expression through EZH2. Mol Cancer. 2017;16:150. [PMID: 28854977 PMCID: PMC5577767 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) recently, but the great majority of their roles and mechanisms remain largely unclear. We aim to identify the critical ESCC-associated lncRNAs and elucidate the functions and mechanisms in detail. Methods Microarrays were used to analyze the differentially expressed lncRNAs in ESCC tissues. qRT-PCR was used to verify the result of microarrays. The effects of the most up-regulated lncRNA, cancer susceptibility candidate 9(CASC9), on cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle were investigated by in vivo and in vitro assays. Microarrays and recovery tests were used to discover the regulatory targets of CASC9. RNA FISH and subcellular fractionation assays were used to detect the subcellular location of CASC9. Finally, the mechanism of CASC9 regulating PDCD4 was explored by RIP, RNA-protein pull down and ChIP assays. Results ESCC tissue microarrays showed that CASC9 was the most up-regulated lncRNA. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that CASC9 expression was positively associated with tumor size and TNM stage, and predicted poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited ESCC cell growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Furthermore interfering CASC9 decreased cell proliferation and blocked cell cycle G1/S transition. CASC9-associated microarrays indicated that PDCD4 might be the target of CASC9. Consistent with this, PDCD4 expression was negatively associated with CASC9 expression in ESCC tissues and predicted good prognosis. Manipulating CASC9 expression in ESCC cells altered both PDCD4 mRNA and protein levels and cell cycle arrest caused by CASC9 knockdown could be rescued by suppressing PDCD4 expression. CASC9 located both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Mechanistically, enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) could bind to both CASC9 and PDCD4 promoter region. Interfering CASC9 reduced the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the PDCD4 promoter region. Conclusions Our study firstly demonstrates that lncRNA CASC9 functions as an oncogene by negatively regulating PDCD4 expression through recruiting EZH2 and subsequently altering H3K27me3 level. Our study implicates lncRNA CASC9 as a valuable biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0715-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Shang C, Sun L, Zhang J, Zhao B, Chen X, Xu H, Huang B. Silence of cancer susceptibility candidate 9 inhibits gastric cancer and reverses chemoresistance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15393-15398. [PMID: 28146436 PMCID: PMC5362493 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 (CASC9) is a novel gene generating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with oncogenic potential that was first identified in esophageal cancer. In this study, we have found that CASC9 was overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) compared to normal gastric tissue. A higher expression level was associated with aggressive pathological characteristics, including deep invasion, poor differentiation and lymph node metastases. In two gastric cancer cell lines, BGC823 and SGC7901, CASC9 were both overexpressed compared to that of normal gastric epithelial cell (GES-1). Moreover, the expression of CASC9 was even higher in BGC823/DR and SGC7901/DR cells that are resistant to paclitaxel or adriamycin. CASC9 knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis In BGC823/DR and SGC7901/DR cells. The invasion potential was also significantly inhibited measured by Transwell assay. In addition, CASC9 knockdown in BGC823/DR and SGC7901/DR cells restored chemosensitivity to paclitaxel and adriamycin. This was associated with decreased expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) protein. Taken together, our data suggest that expression of lncRNA CASC9 correlated with aggressive pathological characteristics of GC, it may serve as a potential oncogene to regulate proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bochao Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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28
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Su X, Li G, Liu W. The Long Noncoding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinogenesis via Stabilizing HIF1α. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:394-400. [PMID: 28398871 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer development. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease with high incidence. Although remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism and therapy strategies in NPC, the potential involvement of lncRNAs in NPC remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified that lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) is highly expressed in NPC tissues, which facilitates cell growth and is correlated with a poor prognosis of cancer patients. The underlying molecular mechanism revealed that CASC9 interacts with HIF1α and enhances the stabilization of HIF1α. Activation of HIF1α by overexpressed CASC9 promotes the glycolysis and tumorigenesis of NPC cells. Downregulation of CASC9 significantly inhibits NPC cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results illustrated the oncogenic role of CASC9 in promoting the progression of NPC through regulating HIF1α, which imply that modulation of CASC9 expression may be a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou, China
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29
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Yu X, Lin Y, Sui W, Zou Y, Lv Z. Analysis of distinct long noncoding RNA transcriptional fingerprints in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:673-680. [PMID: 28220683 PMCID: PMC5345666 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies with the worst prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the expression pattern and roles of lncRNAs in the development of PDAC remain unknown. Herein, we globally analyzed the lncRNA expression profile in human PDAC and non-tumor tissues using four independent public microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The analysis of GEO datasets by repurposing microarray probes confirmed that hundreds of lncRNAs are differentially expressed in PDAC tissues compared with normal tissues. We selected four lncRNAs including LINC00152, CASC9, LINC00226 and F11-AS1 for validation in PDAC cell lines and normal cells. Loss of function assays were performed to investigate the roles of LINC00152 and CASC9 in PDAC cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, our findings demonstrate lncRNA expression alterations in PDAC and may provide new potential molecular markers for PDAC patient diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhongchuan Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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30
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Pan Z, Mao W, Bao Y, Zhang M, Su X, Xu X. The long noncoding RNA CASC9 regulates migration and invasion in esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2442-7. [PMID: 27431358 PMCID: PMC5055159 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the expression and functions of CASC9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) upregulated in ESCC tissues were detected by RNA sequencing. Expression of CASC9 was determined from clinical samples and cell lines by qRT‐PCR. The effects of CASC9 knockdown on migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay, cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. We found that the lncRNA, CASC9, was markedly upregulated in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of CASC9 significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, enhanced CASC9 expression level was correlated with differentiation. The results indicated that CASC9 is significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and may represent a new marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for esophageal cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yejiang Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xinhua Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
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