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Chikowe I, Bwaila KD, Ugbaja SC, Abouzied AS. GC-MS analysis, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic studies of Multidentia crassa extracts' compounds for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in dentistry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1876. [PMID: 38253619 PMCID: PMC10803350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts have been useful for oral health or dentistry. However, only a few evidence-based justifications exist. This study evaluated Multidentia crassa (Hiern) Bridson & Verdc, one of the oral health-used plants in Malawi. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) identified the extracts' compounds. The pharmacokinetics of the identified compounds were studied using pkCSM and SwissADME, and molecular docking studies were used to identify potential drug candidates for oral health by predicting the binding affinity of the compounds to cyclooxygenases, interleukin-1 beta receptors, odontoblast cold sensor proteins, and purinergic receptor P2X3. FT-IR analysis showed characteristic peaks of phenols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, alkyl halides, amines, esters, ethers, aromatics, and lipids. GC-MS results showed the presence of 58 bioactive phytocompounds, some of which have various pharmacological activities relevant to oral health. Molecular docking further validated stigmastan-3,5-diene's potency for analgesic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Based on a literature review, this is the first report on the bioactive compounds of M. crassa extracts showing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. This study's results can lead to new herbal and conventional medicines. Therefore, we recommend in vivo and in vitro studies to elucidate the pharmacological effects of the plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Chikowe
- Pharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHES), Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - King David Bwaila
- Pharmacy Department, Malawi College of Health Sciences, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Samuel Chima Ugbaja
- The Department of Population Science, African Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Amr S Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12553, Egypt
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The FKBP51 Inhibitor SAFit2 Restores the Pain-Relieving C16 Dihydroceramide after Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214274. [PMID: 36430751 PMCID: PMC9695264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological pain state with a broad symptom scope that affects patients after nerve injuries, but it can also arise after infections or exposure to toxic substances. Current treatment possibilities are still limited because of the low efficacy and severe adverse effects of available therapeutics, highlighting an emerging need for novel analgesics and for a detailed understanding of the pathophysiological alterations in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that the novel and highly specific FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 restores lipid signaling and metabolism in nervous tissue after nerve injury. More specifically, we identify that SAFit2 restores the levels of the C16 dihydroceramide, which significantly reduces the sensitization of the pain-mediating TRPV1 channel and subsequently the secretion of the pro-inflammatory neuropeptide CGRP in primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, we show that the C16 dihydroceramide is capable of reducing acute thermal hypersensitivity in a capsaicin mouse model. In conclusion, we report for the first time the C16 dihydroceramide as a novel and crucial lipid mediator in the context of neuropathic pain as it has analgesic properties, contributing to the pain-relieving properties of SAFit2.
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Yuan ZL, Liu XD, Zhang ZX, Li S, Tian Y, Xi K, Cai J, Yang XM, Liu M, Xing GG. Activation of GDNF-ERK-Runx1 signaling contributes to P2X3R gene transcription and bone cancer pain. iScience 2022; 25:104936. [PMID: 36072549 PMCID: PMC9441333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain is a common symptom in cancer patients with bone metastases and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that Runx1 directly upregulates the transcriptional activity of P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) gene promoter in PC12 cells. Knocking down Runx1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons suppresses the functional upregulation of P2X3R, attenuates neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats, whereas overexpressing Runx1 promotes P2X3R gene transcription in DRG neurons, induces neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in naïve rats. Activation of GDNF-GFRα1-Ret-ERK signaling is required for Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription in DRG neurons, and contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats. These findings indicate that the Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription resulted from activation of GDNF-GFRα1-Ret-ERK signaling contributes to the sensitization of DRG neurons and pathogenesis of bone cancer pain. Our findings identify a potentially targetable mechanism that may cause bone metastasis-associated pain in cancer patients. Runx1 directly upregulates the transcriptional activity of P2X3R gene promoter Upregulation of Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription underlies bone cancer pain Involvement of GDNF-Ret-ERK signaling in Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Barandouzi ZA, Xu W, Feng B, Chon K, Santos M, Starkweather A, Cong X. Somatosensory Profiles Differentiate Pain and Psychophysiological Symptoms Among Young Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cluster Analysis. Clin J Pain 2022; 38:492-501. [PMID: 35686579 PMCID: PMC9205184 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if somatosensory profiles can differentiate pain and psychophysiological symptoms among young adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS We performed a cluster analysis of data collected from a randomized clinical trial of 80 IBS patients and 21 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) to stratify pain and symptoms among young adults with IBS by their peripheral sensory profiles. Data of quantitative sensory testing and IBS-related pain and symptoms were collected at baseline and 6-week and 12-week follow-ups. RESULTS Using the K-means method, IBS patients were classified into 2 clusters, the "IBS normal threshold" (IBS-NT) and the "IBS increased threshold" (IBS-IT). The IBS-NT cluster had a similar pain threshold as the HCs, and the IBS-IT cluster had an increased threshold of somatic pain perception (lower cold pain threshold, higher heat pain threshold, and higher pressure pain threshold, all P<0.001) than HCs. Compared with the IBS-NT cluster, the IBS-IT cluster reported higher levels of IBS-related pain intensity, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbance over the 3 visits (all P<0.05). DISCUSSION Young adults with IBS fell into 2 clusters, one with a similar sensory threshold as the HCs and another with an increased pain threshold, who reported higher pain intensity and more severe symptoms. Somatic sensory profiles should be integrated into further personalized self-management intervention among patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 4026, Storrs, CT 06269-4026
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, 655 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yiming Zhang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Statistics, 215 Glenbrook Road. U-4120, Storrs, CT 06269-4120
| | - Zahra Amirkhanzadeh Barandouzi
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 4026, Storrs, CT 06269-4026
- Emory University, School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Wanli Xu
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 4026, Storrs, CT 06269-4026
| | - Bin Feng
- University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 260 Glenbrook Road. U-3247, Storrs, CT 06269-3247
| | - Ki Chon
- University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 260 Glenbrook Road. U-3247, Storrs, CT 06269-3247
| | - Melissa Santos
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Obesity Center, 85 Seymour Street, Harford, CT 06106
| | - Angela Starkweather
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 4026, Storrs, CT 06269-4026
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 4026, Storrs, CT 06269-4026
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Dong CR, Zhang WJ, Luo HL. Association between P2X3 receptors and neuropathic pain: As a potential therapeutic target for therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113029. [PMID: 35489283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common clinical symptom of various diseases, and it seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Owing to the complex pathological mechanism of neuropathic pain, clinical treatment of pain is challenging. Therefore, there is growing interest among researchers to explore potential therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. A large number of studies have shown that development of neuropathic pain is related to nerve conduction and related signaling molecules. P2X3 receptors (P2X3R) are ATP-dependent ion channels that participate in the transmission of neural information and related signaling pathways, sensitize the central nervous system, and play a key role in the development of neuropathic pain. In this paper, we summarized the structure and biological characteristics of the P2X3R gene and discussed the role of P2X3R in the nervous system. Moreover, we outlined the related pathological mechanisms of pain and described the relationship between P2X3R and chronic pain to provide valuable information for development of novel treatment strategies for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Rong Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 343000, China
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Okamoto K, Hasegawa M, Piriyaprasath K, Kakihara Y, Saeki M, Yamamura K. Preclinical models of deep craniofacial nociception and temporomandibular disorder pain. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:231-241. [PMID: 34815817 PMCID: PMC8593658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common health problem. Cumulating evidence indicates that the etiology of TMD pain is complex with multifactorial experience that could hamper the developments of treatments. Preclinical research is a resource to understand the mechanism for TMD pain, whereas limitations are present as a disease-specific model. It is difficult to incorporate multiple risk factors associated with the etiology that could increase pain responses into a single animal. This article introduces several rodent models which are often employed in the preclinical studies and discusses their validities for TMD pain after the elucidations of the neural mechanisms based on the clinical reports. First, rodent models were classified into two groups with or without inflammation in the deep craniofacial tissues. Next, the characteristics of each model and the procedures to identify deep craniofacial pain were discussed. Emphasis was directed on the findings of the effects of chronic psychological stress, a major risk factor for chronic pain, on the deep craniofacial nociception. Preclinical models have provided clinically relevant information, which could contribute to better understand the basis for TMD pain, while efforts are still required to bridge the gap between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Okamoto
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Mana Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Dental Clinical Education, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kajita Piriyaprasath
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
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Fang J, Du J, Xiang X, Shao X, He X, Jiang Y, Liu B, Liang Y, Fang J. SNI and CFA induce similar changes in TRPV1 and P2X3 expressions in the acute phase but not in the chronic phase of pain. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:983-995. [PMID: 33464388 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation and nerve injury usually accompany each other. However, whether inflammatory and neuropathic pain share similar mechanisms at all stages is unknown. TRPV1 and P2X3 are two major ion channels in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and are involved in chronic pain. Here, their function and expression in DRGs at different phases of the two types of pain were investigated. Both the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency were decreased in rats injected with complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA). However, only the PWT was decreased in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). CFA increased the magnitude of the TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ response but not the P2X3-mediated Ca2+ response 14 days after injection. Consistent with this result, the P2X3 expression level in CFA rats was increased only at 3 days after injection. SNI surgery increased the magnitudes of the TRPV1- and P2X3-mediated Ca2+ responses and upregulated both TRPV1 and P2X3 expression in lumbar DRGs. The distributions of TRPV1 and P2X3 in DRGs after modeling were observed, and TRPV1 was found to be highly expressed mainly in the L4-L5 DRGs in CFA rats and in the L5-L6 DRGs in SNI rats. P2X3 was highly expressed in the L4-L6 DRGs in CFA rats 3 days after injection but was only highly expressed in the L4 DRG 14 days after modeling. On the other hand, SNI promoted the P2X3 expression L4-L5 DRGs 3 days after surgery, but only L6 DRG 14 days after modeling. All the results indicate that P2X3 and TPRV1 are involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain by different expression levels and distributions in the lumbar DRG in the chronic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junying Du
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xuaner Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Electroacupuncture Stimulation Alleviates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain Via Suppressing P2X3 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133248. [PMID: 31269659 PMCID: PMC6651287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain is one of the most common complaints that seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Previous studies have demonstrated that the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on inflammatory pain is related to its frequency. In this study, we focused on whether the analgesic effects of EA are related to the period of stimulation. Purinergic receptor P2X3 (P2X3) is involved in the pathological process underlying chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that 100 Hz EA stimulation alleviated Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammatory pain via regulating P2X3 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and/or spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). We also assumed that the analgesic effect of EA might be related to the period of stimulation. We found that both short-term (three day) and long-term (14 day) 100 Hz EA stimulation effectively increased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and reversed the elevation of P2X3 in the DRG and SCDH of CFA rats. However, the analgesic effects of 100 Hz EA were not dependent on the period of stimulation. Moreover, P2X3 inhibition or activation may contribute to or attenuate the analgesic effects of 100 Hz EA on CFA-induced inflammatory pain. This result indicated that EA reduced pain hypersensitivity through P2X3 modulation.
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