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Xiao Q, Wang J, Wang L, Ding H. APOA1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster at 11q23.3 and Lipid Metabolism Disorders: From Epigenetic Mechanisms to Clinical Practices. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1224. [PMID: 38927431 PMCID: PMC11201263 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster is an essential component in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and maintaining plasma lipid homeostasis. A genome-wide association analysis and Mendelian randomization have revealed potential associations between genetic variants within this cluster and lipid metabolism disorders, including hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular events. An enhanced understanding of the complexity of gene regulation has led to growing recognition regarding the role of epigenetic variation in modulating APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene expression. Intensive research into the epigenetic regulatory patterns of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster will help increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of lipid metabolism disorders and facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the biology of how the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster affects circulating lipoproteins and the current progress in the epigenetic regulation of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Luyun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
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Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. In the last few decades, there has been a marked increase in the obesity epidemic and its related comorbidities. Worldwide, more than 2.2 billion people (33%) are affected by overweight or obesity (712 million, 10%) and its associated metabolic complications. Although a high heritability of obesity has been estimated, the genetic variants conducted from genetic association studies only partially explain the variation of body mass index. This has led to a growing interest in understanding the potential role of epigenetics as a key regulator of gene-environment interactions on the development of obesity and its associated complications. Rapid advances in epigenetic research methods and reduced costs of epigenome-wide association studies have led to a great expansion of population-based studies. The field of epigenetics and metabolic diseases such as obesity has advanced rapidly in a short period of time. The main epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation and so on. DNA methylation is the most investigated epigenetic mechanism. Preliminary evidence from animal and human studies supports the effect of epigenetics on obesity. Studies of epigenome-wide association studies and genome-wide histone modifications from different biological specimens such as blood samples (newborn, children, adolescent, youth, woman, man, twin, race, and meta-analysis), adipose tissues, skeletal muscle cells, placenta, and saliva have reported the differential expression status of multiple genes before and after obesity interventions and have identified multiple candidate genes and biological markers. These findings may improve the understanding of the complex etiology of obesity and its related comorbidities, and help to predict an individual's risk of obesity at a young age and open possibilities for introducing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Nanning (The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning), Guangxi Medical University, No. 1 Erli, Changgang Road, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Nanning (The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning), Guangxi Medical University, No. 1 Erli, Changgang Road, Nanning, 530023 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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Association of lipid metabolism-related gene promoter methylation with risk of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9373-9378. [PMID: 35941416 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Lipid levels are regarded as a major risk factor for CAD, and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of CAD development. This study was designed to investigate the association between the DNA methylation status of 8 lipid metabolism-related genes and the risk of CAD in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 260 individuals were sampled in this study, including 120 CAD cases and 140 normal healthy controls. DNA methylation status was tested via targeted bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS The results indicated a significant association between hypomethylation of the APOC3, CETP and APOC1 gene promoters and the risk of CAD. Individuals with higher methylation levels of the APOA5 and LIPC gene promoters had increased risks for CAD. In addition, ANGPTL4 methylation level was significantly associated with CAD in males but not females. There were no significant differences in the methylation levels of the APOB and PCSK9 gene promoters between CAD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS The methylation status of the APOC3, APOA5, LIPC, CETP and APOC1 gene promoters may be associated with the development of CAD.
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Collins JM, Lu R, Wang X, Zhu HJ, Wang D. Transcriptional Regulation of Carboxylesterase 1 in Human Liver: Role of the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 and Its Splice Isoforms. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:43-48. [PMID: 34697082 PMCID: PMC8969197 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is the predominant carboxylesterase in the human liver, involved in metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. Genetic or epigenetic factors that alter CES1 activity or expression are associated with changes in drug response, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. However, the transcriptional regulation of CES1 in the human liver remains uncertain. By applying both the random forest and Sobol's Sensitivity Indices (SSI) to analyze existing liver RNA expression microarray data (GSE9588), we identified nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3) liver X receptor (LXR)α as a key factor regulating constitutive CES1 expression. This model prediction was validated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation of NR1H3 in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. We found that NR1H3's activation of CES1 is splice isoform-specific, namely that increased expression of the NR1H3-211 isoform increased CES1 expression whereas NR1H3-201 did not. Also, in human liver samples, expression of NR1H3-211 and CES1 are correlated, whereas NR1H3-201 and CES1 are not. This trend also occurs during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to hepatocytes, where only expression of the NR1H3-211 isoform parallels expression of CES1 Moreover, we found that treatment with the NR1H3 agonist T0901317 in HepG2 cells had no effect on CES1 expression. Overall, our results demonstrate a key role of NR1H3 in maintaining the constitutive expression of CES1 in the human liver. Furthermore, our results support that the effect of NR1H3 is splice isoform-specific and appears to be ligand independent. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite the central role of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) in metabolism of numerous medications, little is known about its transcriptional regulation. This study identifies nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 as a key regulator of constitutive CES1 expression and therefore is a potential target for future studies to understand interperson variabilities in CES1 activity and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.M.C., D.W.); The Quantitative Sciences Unit, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California (R.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, (X.W.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.-J.Z.)
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.M.C., D.W.); The Quantitative Sciences Unit, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California (R.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, (X.W.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.-J.Z.)
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.M.C., D.W.); The Quantitative Sciences Unit, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California (R.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, (X.W.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.-J.Z.)
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.M.C., D.W.); The Quantitative Sciences Unit, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California (R.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, (X.W.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.-J.Z.)
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.M.C., D.W.); The Quantitative Sciences Unit, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California (R.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, (X.W.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (H.-J.Z.)
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Bermick J, Schaller M. Epigenetic regulation of pediatric and neonatal immune responses. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:297-327. [PMID: 34239066 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of transcription is a collective term that refers to mechanisms known to regulate gene transcription without changing the underlying DNA sequence. These mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone tail modifications which influence chromatin accessibility, and microRNAs that act through post-transcriptional gene silencing. Epigenetics is known to regulate a variety of biological processes, and the role of epigtenetics in immunity and immune-mediated diseases is becoming increasingly recognized. While DNA methylation is the most widely studied, each of these systems play an important role in the development and maintenance of appropriate immune responses. There is clear evidence that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to developmental stage-specific immune responses in a cell-specific manner. There is also mounting evidence that prenatal exposures alter epigenetic profiles and subsequent immune function in exposed offspring. Early life exposures that are associated with poor long-term health outcomes also appear to impact immune specific epigenetic patterning. Finally, each of these epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases that manifest during childhood. This review will discuss each of these areas in detail. IMPACT: Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and microRNA expression, dictate immune cell phenotypes. Epigenetics influence immune development and subsequent immune health. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposures alter immune cell epigenetic profiles and subsequent immune function. Numerous pediatric-onset diseases have an epigenetic component. Several successful strategies for childhood diseases target epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bermick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Iowa Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Alfano R, Robinson O, Handakas E, Nawrot TS, Vineis P, Plusquin M. Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13389. [PMID: 34816569 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in childhood obesity prevalence over the last few decades cannot merely be explained by genetics and evolutionary changes in the genome, implying that gene-environment interactions, such as epigenetic modifications, likely play a major role. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the association between epigenetics and childhood obesity. A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus engines using a combination of terms related to epigenetics and pediatric obesity. Articles studying the association between epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin and histones modification) and obesity and/or overweight (or any related anthropometric parameters) in children (0-18 years) were included. The risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies. One hundred twenty-one studies explored epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. DNA methylation was the most widely investigated mechanism (N = 101 studies), followed by non-coding RNAs (N = 19 studies) with evidence suggestive of an association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). One study, focusing on histones modification, was identified. Heterogeneity of findings may have hindered more insights into the epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. Gaps and challenges that future research should face are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alfano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Lima RS, Mattos RT, Medeiros NI, Kattah FM, Nascimento JRS, Menezes CA, Rios-Santos F, Dutra WO, Gomes JAS, Moreira PR. CXCL8 expression and methylation are correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in childhood obesity. Cytokine 2021; 143:155538. [PMID: 33926776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global and increasing health issue. Inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue secretion are common findings in obesity and have been related to poor metabolic function. Given that DNA methylation impacts gene expression and is responsive to environmental changes, we aimed, in addition to characterize the patients in anthropometric and biochemical terms, to determine the expression of cytokines and adipokines, assess the methylation on regulatory regions of the genes that code for these molecules, and investigate the association of the expression and gene methylation with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in childhood obesity. Obese children present dyslipidemia, dysregulated serum levels of adipokines and their ratios, altered leukocytic expression of cytokines, and higher methylation at the CXCL8 promoter as compared to the control group. However, no significant results were observed in the fasting plasma glucose levels or the methylation of TGFB1, LEP, and the enhancer region of ADIPOQ. We also found negative correlations of CXCL8 expression with anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and positive correlation of CXCL8 promoter methylation and the serum levels of hepatic enzymes. Our results indicate that changes in metabolic parameters observed in childhood obesity are associated with the expression of adipokines and cytokines, and the methylation status at the CXCL8 promoter. CXCL8 may be a key factor for these alterations, as it correlates with many of the parameters assessed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Lima
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Mattos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Kattah
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julya R S Nascimento
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Menezes
- Department of Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil; Service of Preventive Medicine - Unimed, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rios-Santos
- Department of Basic and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Walderez O Dutra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases - INCT-DT, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula R Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Lima RS, Assis Silva Gomes J, Moreira PR. An overview about DNA methylation in childhood obesity: Characteristics of the studies and main findings. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3042-3057. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Juliana Assis Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Moreira
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
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Clark J, Martin E, Bulka CM, Smeester L, Santos HP, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Associations between placental CpG methylation of metastable epialleles and childhood body mass index across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1102-1111. [PMID: 31216936 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1633865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that in utero and early life conditions can disrupt normal fetal development and program susceptibility to later-life disease. Metastable epialleles are genomic loci in which CpG methylation patterning is responsive to maternal diet and conserved across time and tissues. Thus, these sites could serve as 'signatures' of gestational environment conditions. Here, we sought to determine if methylation of metastable epialleles was associated with changes in childhood body mass index (BMI) z-scores across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. CpG methylation of 250 probes (corresponding to 111 genes) within metastable epiallele regions was measured in placental tissue. Linear mixed effects models were fit to evaluate the overall and sex-stratified associations between methylation and changes in BMI z-score over time. In total, 26 probes were associated (p < 0.05) with changes in BMI z-score overall, including probes within Mesoderm Specific Transcript (MEST) and Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which have previously been associated with childhood obesity and adipogenesis. Sex-stratified analyses revealed a significant association, after adjusting for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05), within female placentas for one probe annotated to the imprinted gene PLAG1 Like Zinc Finger 1 (PLAGL1). These findings suggest epigenetic marks may be involved in programming susceptibility to obesity in utero and highlight the potential to use placental tissues in predicting growth rate trajectories among premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeliyah Clark
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Catherine M Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,School of Nursing, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Hai-Yan Y, Song-Ren Y, Xun-Li X, Shao-Min C, Ping W. Methylation Characteristics of Perivisceral Fat Gene in Obese Rats with Phlegm-dampness Syndrome and the Effect of Wen Dan Decoction. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Munthali RJ, Sahibdeen V, Kagura J, Hendry LM, Norris SA, Ong KK, Day FR, Lombard Z. Genetic risk score for adult body mass index associations with childhood and adolescent weight gain in an African population. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30123368 PMCID: PMC6090951 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Ninety-seven independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are robustly associated with adult body mass index (BMI kg/m2) in Caucasian populations. The relevance of such variants in African populations at different stages of the life course (such as childhood) is unclear. We tested whether a genetic risk score composed of the aforementioned SNPs was associated with BMI from infancy to early adulthood. We further tested whether this genetic effect was mediated by conditional weight gain at different growth periods. We used data from the Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), for 971 urban South African black children from birth to 18 years. DNA was collected at 13 years old and was genotyped using the Metabochip (Illumina) array. The weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for BMI was constructed based on 71 of the 97 previously reported SNPs. Results The cross-sectional association between the wGRS and BMI strengthened with age from 5 to 18 years. The significant associations were observed from 11 to 18 years, and peak effect sizes were observed at 13 and 14 years of age. Results from the linear mixed effects models showed significant interactions between the wGRS and age on longitudinal BMI but no such interactions were observed in sex and the wGRS. A higher wGRS was associated with an increased relative risk of belonging to the early onset obese longitudinal BMI trajectory (relative risk = 1.88; 95%CI 1.28 to 2.76) compared to belonging to a normal longitudinal BMI trajectory. Adolescent conditional relative weight gain had a suggestive mediation effect of 56% on the association between wGRS and obesity risk at 18 years. Conclusions The results suggest that genetic susceptibility to higher adult BMI can be tracked from childhood in this African population. This supports the notion that prevention of adult obesity should begin early in life. The genetic risk score combined with other non-genetic risk factors, such as BMI trajectory membership in our case, has the potential to be used to screen for early identification of individuals at increased risk of obesity and other related NCD risk factors in order to reduce the adverse health risk outcomes later. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-018-0613-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Munthali
- 1Faculty of Science, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,2Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193 South Africa.,3MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Venesa Sahibdeen
- 2Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193 South Africa.,4Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juliana Kagura
- 3MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liesl M Hendry
- 1Faculty of Science, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,2Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193 South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- 3MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ken K Ong
- 3MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,5MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- 5MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zané Lombard
- 1Faculty of Science, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,2Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), University of the Witwatersrand, The Mount, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193 South Africa.,4Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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