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Mao Z, Ding Z, Liu Z, Shi Y, Zhang Q. miR-21-5p Modulates Airway Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Processes in a Mouse Model of Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:775-785. [PMID: 38588656 DOI: 10.1159/000538252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concurrent allergic symptom of diseases of allergic rhinitis and asthma. However, the mechanism of CARAS remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the impact of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on CARAS via targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. METHODS The levels of miR-21-5p and PARP-1 in CARAS patients were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of CARAS was established. And knock down of miR-21-5p was constructed by intranasally administering with miR-21-5p shRNA-encoding adeno-associated virus vector. Airway resistance and airway inflammatory response were detected. ELISA was used to evaluate IL-4/IL-5/IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Expression levels of E-cadherin, fibronectin, and α-SMA were determined using Western blotting. The levels of PARP-1 and the activation of PI3K/AKT were assayed. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-21-5p relieved pathophysiological symptoms of asthma including airway hyperreactivity and inflammatory cell infiltration. Downregulation of miR-21-5p significantly reduced the levels of IL4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. Additionally, downregulation of miR-21-5p inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in CARAS mice. Furthermore, miR-21-5p regulated PARP-1 and was involved in PI3K/AKT activation in CARAS mice. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-21-5p ameliorated CARAS-associated lung injury by alleviating airway inflammation, inhibiting the EMT process, and regulating PARP-1/PI3K/AKT in a mouse model of CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Gluba-Sagr A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Role of miRNA in Renal Fibrosis Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2358. [PMID: 37760798 PMCID: PMC10525803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health concern that is expected to be the fifth most widespread cause of death worldwide by 2040. The presence of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia, etc., stimulates the development and progression of CKD. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathomechanism of renal dysfunction, irrespective of the primary origin of renal injury. With time, fibrosis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are involved in the onset and development of fibrosis and CKD. miRNAs are vital regulators of some pathophysiological processes; therefore, their utility as therapeutic agents in various diseases has been suggested. Several miRNAs were demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of kidney disease. Since renal fibrosis is an important problem in chronic kidney disease, many scientists have focused on the determination of miRNAs associated with kidney fibrosis. In this review, we present the role of several miRNAs in renal fibrosis and the potential pathways involved. However, as well as those mentioned above, other miRs have also been suggested to play a role in this process in CKD. The reports concerning the impact of some miRNAs on fibrosis are conflicting, probably because the expression and regulation of miRNAs occur in a tissue- and even cell-dependent manner. Moreover, different assessment modes and populations have been used. There is a need for large studies and clinical trials to confirm the role of miRs in a clinical setting. miRNAs have great potential; thus, their analysis may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Ma S, Zhao M, Chang M, Shi X, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine on IgA nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154913. [PMID: 37307737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, that causes serious physical and psychological burden to patients worldwide. Some traditional treatment measures, such as blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling blood pressure, and following a low-protein diet, may not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, more effective and safe therapies for IgAN are urgently needed. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and their active ingredients in the treatment and management of IgAN based on the results of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to fully understand the advantages and perspectives of CHMs in the treatment of IgAN. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For this review, the following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data, "IgA nephropathy," "traditional Chinese medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine," "herb," "mechanism," "Meta-analysis," "systematic review," "RCT" and their combinations were the keywords to search the relevant literature. Data were collected from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS This review found that the active ingredients of CHMs commonly act on multiple signaling pathways in the clinical treatment of IgAN, mainly with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects, and regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Compared with the single-target therapy of modern medicine, CHMs can regulate the corresponding pathways from the aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis and autophagy to play a multi-target treatment of IgAN through syndrome differentiation and treatment, which has good clinical efficacy and can be used as the first choice or alternative therapy for IgAN treatment. This review provides evidence and research direction for a comprehensive clinical understanding of the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine on IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Wang H, Jiang Q, Kang L, Yuan L, Chen G, Cui X, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang L. Rheum officinale and Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit renal fibrosis via miR-21/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:115928. [PMID: 36513264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As one of the main components of many famous Chinese herbal formulas, Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorhiza Bunge (RS) are extensively used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). RS has been proved to improve renal function and relieve renal fibrosis (RF), but the potential mechanism remains a mystery. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to determine whether microRNA-21 (miR-21) is associated with RF progression, as well as whether RS protects against RF through miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) The rat model of RF was established using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). After UUO surgery, miR-21 levels in plasma were detected by RT-PCR and RF scores were assessed by Masson's trichrome stain at days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The correlation analysis of the above two indexes was carried out by Spearman correlation analysis. (2) Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) was transfected with miR-21 mimic and inhibitor, and then the levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein and mRNA were measured with Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. (3) TGF-β (10 ng/mL) was added into HK-2 cells to induce fibrosis, followed by the intervention of RS-containing rat serum. PTEN and protein kinase-B (Akt) phosphorylation, as well as the expression of PTEN protein in HK-2 cells, were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. (4) The rat models of RF were prepared by UUO and treated with RS. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were measured. RF score was determined by Masson's trichrome stain. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-21, PTEN, and Akt mRNA. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of PTEN and Akt proteins. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plasma miR-21 levels and RF scores of rats after UUO surgery at Days 3, 7, 14 and 21. It was confirmed that miR-21 targeted PTEN. RS drug-containing serum could rise the expression of PTEN and reduce Akt phosphorylation of HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β. Moreover, RS drug-containing serum could increase PTEN expression and reduce Akt phosphorylation induced by miR-21 mimic in HK-2 cells. The rats treated with RS had significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and a lower RF score. RS also decreased miR-21 and Akt expressions, increased PTEN expression of UUO rats. CONCLUSION There was a positive correlation between plasma miR-21 levels and RF scores. The inhibitory effect of RS on RF might be mediated by miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Guan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
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Wu H, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li YL, Ren ZX, Huang JJ, Zhang ZQ, Lin ZJ, Zhang XM. Smilax glabra Roxb.: A Review of Its Traditional Usages, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Clinical Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3621-3643. [PMID: 36277602 PMCID: PMC9579009 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s374439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGB) is a medicinal plant widely distributed in 17 countries worldwide. It is the primary raw material of the world-famous and best-selling functional food and beneficial tea. SGB was first recorded in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589 AD) and was reported for nutritional and medicinal properties for thousands of years. This review searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for relevant literature on SGB species until April 2022. It aims to provide more integrated thinking, detailed awareness, and better knowledge of SGB. More than 200 chemical components have been discovered, including flavonoids, phenolic, phenolic acids, stilbenes, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, and others. Previous studies have demonstrated that SGB and its active ingredients show a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-infective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, etc. However, many studies on the biological activity of this plant were mainly based on crude extracts and active ingredients, and there is a lack of clinical studies and toxicity studies to support the development of drug design, development, and therapy. In summary, this review will provide specific and valuable suggestions and guidelines for further research and application of this plant in the medicinal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Bing Zhang, Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, South Yang-Guang Road, Fang-shan District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yao-lei Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-xin Ren
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jian Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-jian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Fu D, Zhou J, Xu S, Tu J, Cai Y, Liu J, Cai Z, Wang D. Smilax glabra Roxb. flavonoids protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway: In vivo and in vitro studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115213. [PMID: 35331878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb., the dry rhizome of Sarsaparilla, which is also known as Tu fuling (TFL) in China, is a well-known traditional CHINESE medicine that is widely used for detoxication, relieving dampness and as a diuretic. We have previously shown that the extracted TFL flavonoids (designated TFLF) possess anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects in vitro. However, the anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects of TFLF in vivo and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the underlying therapeutic mechanism of TFLF on cardiac hypertrophy by using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model and cellular assays in vitro. MATERIAL & METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was replicated by TAC surgery in rats or by isoprenaline treatment of rat H9C2 myocardial cells in vitro. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations in vivo and histological analysis of tissues ex vivo. Biochemical kits and quantitative PCR were used to analyze markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Expression and phosphorylation of key proteins in the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway were quantified by Western blotting. We further confirmed our findings in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes treated with isoprenaline and the ERK inhibitor in vitro. RESULTS TFLF attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved cardiac dysfunction in TAC rats. TFLF treatment induced a strong reduction in serum NT-proBNP levels. Cardiac hypertrophy marker gene (ANP, BNP and β-MHC) expression and the phosphorylation levels of c-Raf and ERK1/2 were decreased by TFLF treatment. TFLF also protected H9C2 cells from isoprenaline-induced hypertrophy in vitro via a similar molecular mechanism as that observed in the rat heart. Moreover, pretreatment with TRLF and the ERK inhibitor further inhibited the mRNA overexpression of hypertrophic genes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS TFLFs may protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy via negative regulation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Thus, TFLFs are implicated as a potential pharmacological agent for treating cardiac hypertrophy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Department of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Shanchun Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jue Tu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yueqin Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Dejun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Zhang Q, Xie L, Jiang L, Ni J, Han W, Mi X, Wang P. Icariin attenuates renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway. Growth Factors 2022; 40:26-36. [PMID: 35426327 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbs were widely proposed as a novel approach for renal fibrosis. Icariin has been reported to be involved in a variety of diseases. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a popular experimental model of renal injury, which is often used in the study of renal fibrosis. A UUO mouse model was successfully constructed, and tubular injury and renal fibrosis were observed. Icariin treatment attenuated tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice. In addition, treatment with Icariin reduced the fibronectin, type I collagen and α-SMA levels in UUO mice. Furthermore, in a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced renal fibrosis cell model, icariin treatment also decreased fibronectin, type I collagen and α-SMA expression. Icariin treatment also reversed the enhanced migration of TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. These data indicated that icariin suppressed renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, icariin treatment suppressed the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway in UUO mice and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. In summary, this study found that icariin reduced renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway, which might help to improve therapies for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqing Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenke Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Mi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao S, Li W, Yu W, Rao T, Li H, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Li C, Ning J, Li S, Chen W, Cheng F, Zhou X. Exosomal miR-21 from tubular cells contributes to renal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via targeting PTEN in obstructed kidneys. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8660-8673. [PMID: 34522205 PMCID: PMC8419054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ureteral obstruction-induced hydronephrosis is associated with renal fibrosis and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication has been suggested to be involved in various diseases, including renal fibrosis. However, little is known regarding how exosomes regulate renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys. Methods: We first examined the secretion of exosomes in UUO (unilateral ureteral obstruction) mouse kidneys and TGF-β1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Exosomes from NRK-52E cells were subsequently harvested and incubated with fibroblasts (NRK-49F) or injected into UUO mice via the tail vein. We next constructed Rab27a knockout mice to further confirm the role of exosome-mediated epithelial-fibroblast communication relevant to renal fibrosis in UUO mice. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed to detect the miRNA profiles of TGFβ1-Exos. The roles of candidate miRNAs, their target genes and relevant pathways were predicted and assessed in vitro and in vivo by setting specific miRNA mimic, miRNA inhibitor, siRNA or miRNA LNA groups. Results: Increased renal fibrosis was associated with prolonged UUO days, and the secretion of exosomes was markedly increased in UUO kidneys and TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells. Purified exosomes from TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells could activate fibroblasts and aggravate renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the inhibition of exosome secretion by Rab27a knockout or GW4869 treatment abolished fibroblast activation and ameliorated renal fibrosis. Exosomal miR-21 was significantly increased in TGFβ1-Exos compared with Ctrl-Exos, and PTEN is a certain target of miR-21. The promotion or inhibition of epithelial exosomal miR-21 correspondingly accelerated or abolished fibroblast activation in vitro, and renal fibrosis after UUO was alleviated by miR-21-deficient exosomes in vivo through the PTEN/Akt pathway. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that exosomal miR-21 from tubular epithelial cells may accelerate the development of renal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via the miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway in obstructed kidneys.
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9
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Xie Y, Ruan Y, Zou H, Wang Y, Wu X, Li X, Lai J, Shi M, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Guo B, Zhang F. YAP1 Overexpression Is Associated with Kidney Dysfunction in Lupus Nephritis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:412-423. [PMID: 34344015 DOI: 10.1159/000517575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to determine the expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in renal tissues of mice with lupus nephritis (LN) and elucidate its role in the progression of renal fibrosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice and MRL/lpr mice were selected for experimental comparison. Mouse kidney tissues were removed and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichome staining, Sirius staining, and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of YAP1 in mouse kidney tissues were detected, and the correlation between YAP1 and fibronectin (FN) mRNA levels was analyzed. Mouse renal epithelial cells were used for in vitro experiments. After transfection and stimulation, the cells were divided into 4 groups, namely the C57BL/6 serum group (group 1), the MRL/lpr serum group (group 2), the MRL/lpr serum + siRNA-negative control group (group 3), and the MRL/lpr serum + siRNA-YAP1 group (group 4). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in each group were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary protein levels were detected and assessed for their correlation with YAP1 mRNA levels by Spearman's analysis. RESULTS Compared to C57BL/6 mice, MRL/lpr mice exhibited obvious changes in fibrosis in renal tissues. In addition, YAP1 expression was significantly higher in the renal tissues of MRL/lpr mice than in those of C57BL/6 mice, and YAP1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of FN. YAP1 silencing in lupus serum-stimulated cells could effectively relieve serum-induced EMT. Finally, we observed that YAP1 mRNA levels in mouse kidney tissue were significantly and positively correlated with the degree of renal function injury. CONCLUSION YAP1 expression in the kidney tissues of LN mice was higher than that observed in normal mice, indicating that YAP1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huimei Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guiyang First People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guiyang First People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research of Common Chronic Diseases in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Urolithin A attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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11
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Xu X, Hong P, Wang Z, Tang Z, Li K. MicroRNAs in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Associated With Fibrosis Involving Different Systems of the Human Body. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707461. [PMID: 34381815 PMCID: PMC8350386 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is a histopathological manifestation of many chronic inflammatory diseases affecting different systems of the human body. Two types of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways regulate fibrosis: the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, represented by SMAD-2 and SMAD-3, and the noncanonical pathway, which functions without SMAD-2/3 participation and currently includes TGF-β/mitogen-activated protein kinases, TGF-β/SMAD-1/5, TGF-β/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, TGF-β/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3, and TGF-β/rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding single-stranded small RNA, comprises approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate physiological and pathological processes in fibrotic diseases, particularly affecting organs such as the liver, the kidney, the lungs, and the heart. The aim of this review is to introduce the characteristics of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and to classify miRNAs with regulatory effects on these two pathways based on the influenced organ. Further, we aim to summarize the limitations of the current research of the mechanisms of fibrosis, provide insights into possible future research directions, and propose therapeutic options for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhefu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Song M, Zhao G, Sun H, Yao S, Zhou Z, Jiang P, Wu Q, Zhu H, Wang H, Dai C, Wang J, Li R, Cao Y, Lv H, Liu D, Dai J, Zhou Y, Hu Y. circPTPN12/miR-21-5 p/∆Np63α pathway contributes to human endometrial fibrosis. eLife 2021; 10:65735. [PMID: 34132637 PMCID: PMC8208816 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates the important role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating pathological processes in various diseases including organ fibrosis. Endometrium fibrosis is the leading cause of uterine infertility, but the role of circRNAs in its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we provide the evidence that upregulation of circPTPN12 in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) of fibrotic endometrium functions as endogenous sponge of miR-21-5 p to inhibit miR-21-5 p expression and activity, which in turn results in upregulation of ΔNp63α to induce the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of EECs (EEC-EMT). In a mouse model of endometrium fibrosis, circPTPN12 appears to be a cofactor of driving EEC-EMT and administration of miR-21-5 p could reverse this process and improve endometrial fibrosis. Our findings revealed that the dysfunction of circPTPN12/miR-21-5 p/∆Np63α pathway contributed to the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Simin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruotian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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13
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Sun M, Zhou W, Yao F, Song J, Xu Y, Deng Z, Diao H, Li S. MicroRNA-302b mitigates renal fibrosis via inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e9206. [PMID: 33503202 PMCID: PMC7836400 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is one of the most significant pathological changes after ureteral
obstruction. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays
essential roles in kidney fibrosis regulation. The aims of the present study
were to investigate effects of microRNA-302b (miR-302b) on renal fibrosis, and
interaction between miR-302b and TGF-β signaling pathway in murine unilateral
ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Microarray dataset GSE42716 was downloaded by
retrieving Gene Expression Omnibus database. In accordance with bioinformatics
analysis results, miR-302b was significantly down-regulated in UUO mouse kidney
tissue and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Masson's trichrome staining showed that
miR-302b mimics decreased renal fibrosis induced by UUO. The increased mRNA
expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased
expression of E-cadherin were reversed by miR-302b mimics. In addition, miR-302b
up-regulation also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition
(EMT) of HK-2 cells by restoring E-cadherin expression and decreasing α-SMA
expression. miR-302b mimics suppressed both luciferase activity and protein
expression of TGF-βR2. However, miR-302b inhibitor increased TGF-βR2 luciferase
activity and protein expression. Meanwhile, miR-302b mimics inhibited TGF-βR2
mRNA expression and decreased Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in
vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, over-expression of
TGF-βR2 restored the miR-302b-induced decrease of collagen I and α-SMA
expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miR-302b attenuated
renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-βR2 to suppress TGF-β/Smad signaling activation.
Our findings showed that elevating renal miR-302b levels may be a novel
therapeutic strategy for preventing renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkui Sun
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianming Song
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimei Deng
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongwang Diao
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shoulin Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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14
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Shi Y, Tian C, Yu X, Fang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Xia D. Protective Effects of Smilax glabra Roxb. Against Lead-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Weaning Rats and HEK-293 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556248. [PMID: 32982754 PMCID: PMC7493636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an important environmental pollutant. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response have been postulated as mechanisms involved in lead-induced renal damage. Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for treatment of heavy-metal poisoning in China for 500 years. We investigated S. glabra flavonoids extract (SGF) could attenuate lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in weaning rats and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, and investigated the possible mechanisms. Compared with Pb exposed group of weaning rats, SGF could significantly promote lead excretion in the blood and kidney, and increase the content of the renal-function indicators blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine. SGF could improve the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and histologic changes in the kidneys of weaning rats exposed to Pb. SGF could also reduce lead-induced cytotoxicity, improve DNA damage-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in HEK-293 cells stimulated with Pb. SGF significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and decreased excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in the kidneys of the weaning rats and in HEK-293 cells. The antioxidant mechanism of SGF related to activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1(Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1) pathway. SGF could inhibit secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by Pb in vivo and in vitro. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SGF related to inhibition of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway through blockade of inhibitors of I-κB degradation, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings indicate that SGF could be a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for treating lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongmei Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinfen Yu
- Center of Health Laboratory Technology, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejuan Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Transcriptomic analysis of the mechanisms of alleviating renal interstitial fibrosis using the traditional Chinese medicine Kangxianling in a rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10682. [PMID: 32606425 PMCID: PMC7327068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is currently recognized as a crucial mechanism of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kangxianling (KXL, anti-fibrin) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been proven to significantly reduce the levels of ECM deposition and inhibit renal fibrosis.
To characterize the mechanisms and drug targets of KXL, we established a RIF rat model and treated the rats with KXL and losartan. Histological analyses validated the establishment of the RIF model and the treatment effect of KXL. Multiple levels of transcriptomic datasets were generated using lncRNA, mRNA and microRNA sequencing of kidney tissues. Functional annotations and pathway analyses were performed to unravel the therapeutic mechanisms.
A multi-level transcriptomic regulatory network was built to illustrate the core factors in fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutic regulation. KXL and losartan significantly reduced the progression of RIF, and a better therapeutic effect was shown with higher concentrations of KXL. According to the cluster analysis results of the RNA-seq data, the normal control (NC) and high concentration of KXL (HK) treatment groups were the closest in terms of differentially expressed genes. The WNT, TGF-β and MAPK pathways were enriched and dominated the pathogenesis and therapy of RIF. miR-15b, miR-21, and miR-6216 were upregulated and miR-107 was downregulated in the fibrosis model. These small RNAs were shown to play critical roles in the regulation of the above fibrosis-related genes and could be inhibited by KXL treatment. Finally, based on the lncRNA datasets, we constructed a mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA coexpression ceRNA network, which identified key regulatory factors in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis and therapeutic mechanisms of KXL. Our work revealed the potential mechanism of the Chinese medicine Kangxianling in inhibiting renal interstitial fibrosis and supported the clinical use of KXL in the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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16
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Transcriptome profiling reveals multiple pathways responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects of Smilax glabra flavonoids in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Zhou S, Sun Y, Zhao K, Gao Y, Cui J, Qi L, Huang L. miR‑21/PTEN pathway mediates the cardioprotection of geniposide against oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑induced endothelial injury via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1305-1316. [PMID: 32323738 PMCID: PMC7138279 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL)‑induced vascular endothelial damage, oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Geniposide is the primary active ingredient from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis associated with anti‑oxidative properties and cardioprotective action. However, the therapeutic mechanism of geniposide in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of geniposide in oxidative stress and inflammatory response during ox‑LDL injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), focusing particularly on the microRNA (miR)‑21/PTEN pathway. The results demonstrated that geniposide pretreatment significantly increased cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, increased miR‑21 level and decreased PTEN expression under ox‑LDL condition. Subsequently, transfection with miR‑21 mimic enhanced the protection of geniposide on ox‑LDL‑induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis (mediated by the upregulation of apoptotic rate and caspase‑3 activity), whereas miR‑21 inhibitor reversed these effects of geniposide. In addition, geniposide resulted in an anti‑oxidant effect as evidenced by the decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in ox‑LDL‑treated HUVECs, which were exacerbated by miR‑21 mimic and reversed by miR‑21 inhibitor. Furthermore, geniposide mitigated the ox‑LDL‑induced inflammatory response, demonstrated by a downregulation of pro‑inflammatory cytokine (IL‑1β, IL‑6, and TNF‑α) levels and an upregulation of anti‑inflammatory cytokine (IL‑10) level. However, miR‑21 mimic enhanced, whereas miR‑21 inhibitor attenuated, these effects of geniposide. In conclusion, the present results indicated that geniposide protects HUVECs from ox‑LDL injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, and that these effects are partly due to the enhancement of the miR‑21/PTEN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Yunjing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhou Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangman Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Liping Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Lingfang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
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18
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Du Y, Liu P, Chen Z, He Y, Zhang B, Dai G, Xia W, Liu Y, Chen X. PTEN improve renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting FAK/AKT signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17887-17897. [PMID: 31144376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Du
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Peihua Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Guoyu Dai
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan PR China
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19
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Yan X, Liu Y, Kong X, Ji J, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Fu T, Yang J, Zhang Z, Liu F, Gu Z. MicroRNA-21-5p are involved in apoptosis and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:317-328. [PMID: 30599075 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA was still unclear. In our study, we used tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (10 ng/ml) to mimic RA-FLSs and we found that normal FLS stimulated with TNFα caused the increasing expression of miR-21, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, which were in accord with RA-FLSs changes. Our data showed that miR-21 overexpression significantly increased cell invasion and decreased apoptosis in FLSs. Knockdown of miR-21 in FLSs causes the opposite result. However, miR-21 may not affect the proliferation of FLSs. Meanwhile, we showed that miR-21 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to participate in RA by inhibiting PTEN expression. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-21 may play a positive role in RA and may be a promising new therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yake Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xaoli Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zexu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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